PYAT. 569 PYLE. Socialistic plays, of which Mathilde, Diogine, and Le chiffoiinier de Paris are characteristic. His attempts in non-dramatic fiction are insig- nilicMiit. PYATIGORSK, pya'ty^-gOrsk', or PIATI- GORSK. A noted watering place in the Terri- tory (if Terek, Xorthern Caucasia, situated on the southern slope of the Mashuka and south of the Ijeshtau, 124 miles by rail northwest of Vladikavkaz (Jlap: Russia,' V (!). There are about twenty sulphur springs ranging in tem- penitnre from about 84° to 117.5° and used both for batliing and drinking. Population, in 18117, lS.(i:«. PYC'NOGON'IDA. See PA.NToroiu. PYD'NA (Lat., from Gk.nvom). A Greek settlement in ancient Jlacedonia, on the west coast of the Thermaic Gulf. It seems to have pa>se(l early into the power of the llacedonians, init appears from time to time as indeiiendent. In the fourtli century B.C. it was a dependency of Alliens, but was captured by Philip, who con- verted it into a strong fortress. Near it took place in ii.c. 168 the great battle between the Romans, under -Emilius Paullus, and the Mace- donian King, Perseus, in which the latter was defeated and the Macedonian Empire destroyed. Under the Romans the town seems steadily to have declined. PYE, Hexbt JASfES (1745-1813). An English poet laureate, eldest son of Henry Pye of Faring- don, in Berkshire. He was educated at Mag- dalen College. Oxford (M.A. 17(i(!: D.C.L. 1772). He entered Parliament, but retired in 1700. In 17!I2 he was appointed police magistrate for Westminster. Beginning verse writing at an early age, he published several small volumes, and collected his poems in 1787 under the title I'ocins on Various Occasions. Though he was a tame versifier, he became laureate in 1790 through the favor of Pitt. The appointment met with ridicule. The annual ode. vhich ap- peared regularly, was long a merry incident among literary men. Pye's most ambitious poem was an epic in six books on Alfred (1801). He also translated Biirger's Lenorc (1785), and wrote two novels and several plays. See LAfHEATE. Poet. PYELITIS ( Xeo-Lat., from Gk. irwXos, pyelos, trouj.'li. |iari. |iilvis). Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney. It may be caused by kidney-stones, intlammation extending from the bladtler or stag- nation of the urine. Severe pains in the loins accompany the disease. The urine contains a variable amcmnt of pus and blood. The severe forms line lo the presence of kidney-stones require surgical treatment (removal of the calculi). In lighter cases regulation of the diet and avoidance of all stimulatinf; drinks will prove beneficial. P'YENG-YANG, pySng'iin', or P'YTJNG- YANG. . town of Korea. See P'ing-yanu. PYGMA'LION (Lat., from Gk. niryMoX'"")- A legendary king of the island of Cyprus, who, disgusted with the dissolute character of the women of his island, resolved never to marry. Knamoicd of a beautiful ivory statue which he had made, he requested Venus to give it life. His prayer was granted, and the vivified statue bore him a daughter, Paphos, who, according to some, became by Apollo mother of Cinyras, the founder of Paphos. Others told how Cinyras married Metharme, daughter of Pygmalion. The love of Pygmalion for his statue is told by Ovid (Metaiii, X. 24.3). According to another version, Pygmalion conceived a passion for the temple statue of Aphrodite herself. PYGMIES (Lat. Py<jma;us, from Gk.nvyiuiiot, Piignuiios, pygmy, dwarf, of the length from the elbow to the knuckles, from irvytj.-fi, pygmC, meas- ure from the elbow to the knuckles, fist; connect- ed with Lat. pugnus, fist). A dwarf negroid population of equatorial Africa across the con- tinent from Uganda to the Gabun, induding^ Akkas, or Tiki-Tiki, Afifi, Wambutti, Batwa. and Obongo. They are under five feet in stature, brown in color, and are not to be confounded with the Bushmen. The present habitat of the pygmies is the inter-tropical forest zone, between six degrees north and south of the equator, where they exist in small groups, though formerly they had a more extensive range toward the north. Remains of Neolithic dwarfs have been found at the Schweizersbild Station in Switzerland, but they differ in cranial features from the African "pygmies. Besides the African pygmies there are dwarf races in the Malay Peninsula. ( Pangan tribe), and in islands in Micronesia and Melanesia. In the Philippines are interest- ing pygmies (see ^-Eta), who scarcely differ in appearance from tho.se of -Africa, but are some- what taller. The pygmies have, as a rule, shapely bodies, and small hands and feet. They have woolly hair, dark skin, small oval eyes, high cheek bones, broad foreheads, and thick lips. The mean stature of .some of the tribes is four feet three inches. They are retiring and live in the forests, usually under the protection of the taller tribes, whom they serve in various ways. They are expert lumters, and kill game by stealth with poisoned arrows. In character, so far as known, they show childish traits, are born mimics, and delight in songs and posture dances. Consult: Quatrefages, Les pygmies (Paris, 1887):. Flower, "The Pygmy Races of Men." Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. xviii, (London, 1888-89) ; Keane, Man: Past and Present (Cambridge, 1899) ; Johnston, Uganda (London, 1903). PYGOP'ODES (Xeo-Lat. nom. pi., from Gk. wy-^, pyye, rump -|- ttoi/j, pous, foot). An order of birds, originally including the grebes, loons, auks, munes, and puffins. This is now known to be an unnatural assemblage, and the use of the term has been abandoned in this sense. It is properly retained by some writers as the name of an order equivalent to 'Colymbi formes' of others, including only the loons and grebes. PYLE, Howabd (1853—). An American illustrator and author. He was born in Wil- mington. Del., March 5. 1853.. and studied art at a private school in Philadelphia. .fter practicing his profession in New York City from 187(i to 1879, he returned to Wilmington, where he has since resided. Pyle is one of the fore- most American illustrators, being especially- successful in juvenile work. A master of linear composition, he is bold and original in his sense of design, and equally eflicient in pen-and-ink, wash drawings, and color composi- tions. His best subjects are taken from the colonial periods of New England and New Amsterdam, and from the life of adventurers
