QtriDOR. 615 QUILLAYTTTE. but returned to New York City in 1851, and there established himself in a studio on Pearl Street, as an artist and teacher. His most notable pupil was Charles Loring Elliott (q.v. ). Quidor ex- hibited at the Academy and seems to have held a dignified position among his fellow artists, al- though much of his work was done for the panels of stage coaches and fire engines. He was a personal friend of Washington Irving, whose Knickerhocker History of yew York gave him the subjects for the following paintings, all of which are in the iluseum of the Brooklyn (N". Y.) Institute of Arts and Sciences: Dancing on the Battery" (c.l860), "Rip Van Winkle Beaches the Gnomes in the Catskill Mountains" (1861), "lehaboil Crane Pursued bv the Headless Horse- man" (1802), "Peter Stuwesant's Wall Street Gate" (1864), "Vovage of the Good Oloflf Up the Hudson" (1866), and "The Voyage from Com- munipaw to Hell Gate" (1866)". The most re- markable of these illustrations, "The Dance on the Battery," shows much imagination, a !Monti- celli-Iike handling of color, and a genius for com- position. Quidor also painted religious subjects, such as "Jesus Blessing the Sick." His work was usually on a large scale. QUIDS. In American political history, the name applied to a faction of the Republican Party, led by John Randolph ( q.v. ) , which dur- ing the years 1805-11 opposed on many points the great majority of the party, led by Jefferson and Madison. Randolph's following in Congress at this time was never considerable. The faction contended against the enactment of the Embargo, and endeavored to prevent the nomination of Madison in 1808. The name 'Quid' is said by some to have been taken from the phrase ter- tium quid, applied to Randolph and his support- ers in allusion to their being iinidentified with either of the then dominant parties; by others it is said to have been given to the faction in allu- sion to its having been cast out from the Repub- lican Party. QUIETISM (Neo-Lat. quietista, from Lat. quies, quiet, rest) . A name applied to the tenets of a somewhat numerous class of mystical sects, who, in different ages and from the earliest Christian times, have held that the most perfect state of the soul is one of quiet in which it ceases to reason, or to reflect either upon itself or upon Ciod, and, in a word, to exercise any of its facul- ties, its sole function being passively to receive the infused heavenly light which, according to the view of the Quietists, accompanies this state of inactive contemplation. Tlie earliest sects of this kind in Christian history are the Euch- ites or Jlessalines of the fourth century, the Hesychasts among the Greek monks of Mount Athos in the sixth century, and in the West the followers of Scotus Erigena. who in the ninth century taught a form of theosophy with Quiet- istic tendencies. Besides these there are the Beghards in the twelfth century, the followers of Master Eckhart in the thirteenth and four- teenth centuries, the Brethren of the Free Spirit, and later the Illuminati in Spain. Not all those called by the common name of Quietists at various times have held the same doctrine. Indeed, there has been a decided dif- ference of opinion between different sects; and some sects called by other names have held Quiet- ist doctrines. The Quakers, for instance, with so curiously opposite a name, hold the doctrine of infusion of divine light in quiet. The common tendency of the sects consists in making perfec- tion here on earth depend on a state of uninter- rupted contemplation during which the soul re- mains quiet or passive under the influence of God's spirit without forming the ordinary acta of faith, hope, love, etc., without desiring heaven nor fearing hell. Most of these doctrines are of a purely speculative character and involve but little of practical consequence, whether for good or for evil. But from the belief of the lofty and perfect nature of the purely passive state of contemplation there is but a step to the fatal principle in morals that in this sublime state of contemplation all external things become indif- ferent to the soul, which is thus absorbed in God; so complete is the self-absorption, so inde- pendent is the soul of corporeal sense, that the most criminal representations and movements of the sensitive part of the soul and even the ex- ternal actions of the body fail to affect the con- templating soul or to impress it with their de- basing influence. This led to gross immorality in writing at all times, and sometimes in actions. See F6NELOX : Hesychasts ; Brothers akd Sis- ters OF THE Free Spirit; Molikos; Mysticism. QUILIMANE, ke'le-ma'na. A port in Por- tuguese East Africa, situated on the River Quili- mane, about 6 miles inland (Map: Congo Free State, G 6). It lies in a low unhealthful region, but has a good harbor. Its commerce amounted in 1900 to nearly $1,000,000. The population is estimated at 7000. QUILL (LGer. quiele, kiel, ISIHG. ktl, Ger. Kiel, quill ) . One of the large feathers of the wings and tails of birds, remiges and rectrices. (See Feather.) Their hollow tubes, properly cleared of all oily or fatty matter and dried, are used as receptacles for gold-dust and various purposes, but chiefly as writing pens, all of which were made from feathers until comparatively recently. Those plucked from geese were most generally used, but swan and turkey quills were not uncommon ; and for very fine writing, and for pen-and-ink drawing, crow-quills were pre- ferred to all others. At one time the collection and preparation of quills formed a very large and important branch of commerce; but the introduction of metallic pens has reduced it to veiy small limits, and few if any quill pens are made in the United States. The conventional representation of a pen as a 'quill pen,' and such words as 'quill-driver' and 'penknife,' are relies of the custom. QUILLAYUTE, kll'la-yoot'. A small tribe formerly occupying a portion of the coast south- ward from Cape Flattery, Washington, and now gathered upon a small reservation of one mile square near the village of their name, in the same vicinity. Together with the Hoh, on another small reservation about twenty miles farther do-n the coast, and the recently extinct Chema- cum of Port Townsend on Puget Sound, they constitute a distinct linguistic group which has been designated the Chimakuan stock. They made their first treaty with the Government in 1855. Like the neighljoring Makaw (q.v.), they are entirely seafaring. The three tribes live on fish. The women make baskets and curios for
