File:NIE 1905 Bird - anatomy.jpg
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| Description |
English: Anatomy of a bird: chart with 15 labeled diagrams of various aspects of bird anatomy. Parts of particular birds are occasionally specified. |
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| Date | published 1905 | ||
| Source | The New International Encyclopædia, v. 3, 1905, between pp. 102 and 103. Caption on p. 102. | ||
| Author | artist not specified; Ernest Ingersoll is the author of the article. | ||
| Permission (Reusing this file) |
|
English: Caption:
| ANATOMY OF BIRDS |
| 1.—Limbs as related to the general skeleton: Sca, scapula; hu, humerus; cor, coracoid; r, radius; ca, carpus; di, di', digits; c.m.t.c.p, carpometacarpus; st, sternum; kl, keel of sternum; ul, ulna; py, pygostyle; fe, femur; fi, fibula; t, tibiotarsus; t.m.t.s, tarsometatarsus. |
| 2.—Vertebræ of the tail and plowshare bone (pygostyle). |
| 3.—Shoulder-girdle and carinate sternum: Fu (cl), furculum or ‘wishbone’ (clavicles); g, glenoid cavity for humerus; Sca, scapula; v, vertebral portion of rib; s, sternal portion of rib; un.p., uncinate process; Cor, coracoid; †, articulation of coracoid with sternum; st, sternum; kl, keel (carina) of sternum. |
| 4.—Non-carinate Sternum (of a ratite bird); Cg, cg, coracoid grooves; alp, alp, lateral processes of anterior end; pe, posterior end; kl, position of keel. |
| 5. — Side view of tile right side of the Pelvis of an adult Fowl: Il, Ilium; Is, ischium; Pb, pubis; dl, dorso-lumbar vertebræ; Cd, caudal vertebræ; Am, acetabulum, with its perforated floor; P, pygostyle. |
| 6.— Wing of a Fowl, embryo (x) and adult (y): R, radius; U, ulna; r, radial carpal; u, ulnar carpal; cd 1, 2, 3, distal carpals; M, 1, 2, 3, metacarpals; Ph, phalanges. This exhibits coalescence of bones with age. |
| 7.—Viscera (of a Duck): T, trachea, ending below in syrinx (see Fig. 14); H, heart; v, portion of anterior wall of the body cavity; Co.f.lig, coraco-furcular ligament; P, axillary sac (lying between the coracoid, scapula and the anterior ribs, and communicating with the sub-bronchial air-sacs); S, sub-clavius muscle; Lg, lung; Cor, coracoid; Pa, pectoral artery; Pv, pectoral vein; Pul.a, pulmonary artery; * point of entrance of bronchi into lungs; S, S, partition walls between the anterior intermediate air-sacs: Sl, Sl, partition walls between anterior and posterior intermediate air-sacs; †, anterior intermediate air-sacs; ††, posterior intermediate air-sacs; F.os., fibrous oblique septum; P, pectoralis major;F, furcula; S.lig., suspensory falciform ligament; r.cL., right coronary ligament of the liver; l.cL., left coronary ligament of the liver; r.Abd.s., right abdominal posterior air-sac; l.Abd.s., left ditto; Oe, œsopbagus; Aa, innominate artery; and Va, innominate vein, with their branches. |
| 8.—Convoluted windpipe (of an ibis): W, windpipe (trachea), Fu, furculum; Cor, coracoid; r.b., right bronchus; l.b., left bronchus; St, sternum. |
| 9.—Alimentary canal (of a Fowl): œ, œsophagus; in, crop; pr, proventriculus; gi, gizzard; d, duodenum; sm, lower part of small intestine; ic, intestinal cæca; r, rectum; cl, cloaca; l, liver; gb, gall-bladder; p, pancreas; u u, ureters; ov, left oviduct (the right oviduct is rudimentary). |
| 10.—Muscles of the wing (of a Goose): Bi, biceps; Elast. Sec, vinculum elasticum; Exp. sec, expansor secundiorum; Lig, ligament; Mpt, metapatagium; Pect, pectoral muscle (‘breast’); Propt, propatagium; Pt. lg, and Pt. br, long and short propatagials; Tri, triceps. |
| 11.—Muscles of the Leg: Glut. 2, gluteus maximus; Glut. 4, gluteus medius; Glut. 4, gluteus minimus; Glut. ant, gluteus anterior; Vasts, vastus externus and vastus internus; Obt. intern, obturator internus; Crureus, crureus; Semitend, semitendinosus; Femo-Caudl, femero-caudal; Biceps, biceps femoris; Ambiens, ambiens; Longs. hall, longus hallucis. |
| 12.—Structure of the inner Ear: Q, quadrate bone; Pter, right pterygoid; F. M., foramen magnum; Cd, occipital condyle; L, lagena; Co, columella auris; H, horizontal semicircular canal; S, sagittal semicircular canal. |
| 13.—Section across the Nasal Channel of a Bird's Beak. |
| 14.—Typical form of a bronchial Syrinx in Passerine Birds: a, front view; b, side view, showing position of external tympanic membranes; tc, tracheo-clavicular muscles. |
| 15.—Plantar Tendons (Passerine type); fp, flexor perforans, dividing to 2d, 3d, and 4th toes; fh, flexor hallucis. |
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 22:43, 9 May 2013 | | 1,499 × 2,401 (461 KB) | Bob Burkhardt | {{Information |Description={{en|Anatomy of a bird: chart with 15 labeled diagrams of various aspects of bird anatomy. Parts of particular birds are occasionally specified.}} |Source=''The New International Encyclopædia'', v. 3, 1905, between pp. 102... |
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