Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Garden, Francis (1721-1793)
GARDEN, FRANCIS, Lord Gardenstone (1721–1793), the second son of Alexander Garden of Troup, Banffshire, by Jean, eldest daughter of Sir Francis Grant [q. v.], lord Cullen, was born at Edinburgh on 24 June 1721. He was educated at Edinburgh University, and was admitted an advocate on 14 July 1744. In the following year, while serving as a volunteer under Sir John Cope, he narrowly escaped being hanged as a spy at Musselburgh Bridge. In 1748 he was appointed sheriff depute of Kincardineshire, and on 22 Aug. 1759 was elected one of the assessors to the magistrates of Edinburgh. On 30 April 1760 Garden was appointed with James Montgomery joint solicitor-general, but to neither of them was conceded the privilege of sitting within the bar (Cat. of Home Office Papers, 1760–5, pp. 54, 55–6). Garden was employed in the Douglas cause, and appeared before the chambre criminelle of the parliament of Paris, where he was opposed by Wedderburn, and greatly distinguished himself by his legal knowledge and the fluency of his French. He was appointed an ordinary lord of session in the place of George Sinclair, lord Woodhall, and took his seat on the bench on 3 July 1764 with the title of Lord Gardenstone. On the resignation of James Ferguson, lord Pitfour, in April 1776, Garden also became a lord of justiciary, a post from which he retired in 1787, with a pension of 200l. a year. Upon the death of his elder brother Alexander in 1785, Garden succeeded to the family estates in Banffshire and Aberdeenshire, as well as to a large fortune. In September 1786 he went abroad for the sake of his health, returning in the summer of 1788. He continued to hold the post of an ordinary lord of session until his death at Morningside, near Edinburgh, on 22 July 1793. He was buried in Greyfriars churchyard on 24 July, ‘one and a half double paces north of the corner of Henderson's tomb,’ but there is no stone to mark the exact spot. Garden was a man of many peculiarities, one of which was an extreme fondness for pigs. It is related that a visitor one morning called on Garden, but he was not yet out of bed. He was shown into his bedroom, and in the dark he stumbled over something which gave a terrible grunt. Upon which Lord Gardenstone said, ‘It is just a bit sow, poor beast, and I laid my breeches on it to keep it warm all night’ (Original Portraits, i. 24). His convivial habits during his early career at the bar have formed the subject of many characteristic anecdotes. Tytler says that Garden was ‘an acute and able lawyer, of great natural eloquence, and with much wit and humour, had a considerable acquaintance with classical and elegant literature’ (Memoirs of Lord Kames, iii. 293 note). In 1762 Garden purchased the estate of Johnson at Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire, and in 1765 began to build a new village, which so rapidly increased in the number of its inhabitants, that in 1779 it was erected into a burgh of barony. At the time of his death the village contained five hundred houses, with a population of twelve thousand. To encourage strangers to settle in it he offered land on very easy terms, and built an inn. He also founded a library and a museum for the use of the villagers, and did his best to establish in the district manufactures of various kinds. His ‘Memorandums concerning the Village of Lawrence Kirk’ will be found in the appendix to Knox's ‘Tour through the Highlands of Scotland,’ 1787, pp. 85–91. In May 1789 he erected at his own expense a Doric temple over St. Bernard's Well, near Edinburgh, having derived great benefit from the use of the waters. He never married. There are two portraits of him at Troup House, Banffshire, in the possession of Colonel Francis William Garden-Campbell, and a characteristic etching of him on horseback by Kay will be found in ‘Original Portraits’ (i. opp. p. 22, No. vii.)
Garden's works are: 1. ‘Letter to the Inhabitants of Lawrence Kirk,’ 1780, 8vo. 2. ‘Travelling Memorandums, made in a Tour upon the Continent of Europe in the Years 1786, 1787, and 1788.’ Vol. i., Edinburgh, 1791, 8vo and 12mo; vol. ii., Edinburgh, 1792, 8vo and 12mo. Vol. iii. was published after his death, and contains a short memoir of the author, Edinburgh, 1795, 8vo and 12mo. A second edition of vols. i. and ii. appeared at Edinburgh in 1792, 8vo. Garden also had a hand in ‘Miscellanies in Prose and Verse,’ Edinburgh, 1791, 12mo; second edit., corrected and enlarged, Edinburgh, 1792, 12mo.
[Travelling Memorandums, iii. (1795), 3–31; Gleig's Suppl. to the third edit. of the Encycl. Brit. (1801), i. 694–6; Brunton and Haig's Senators of the College of Justice (1832), pp. 526, 527–8; Kay's Original Portraits (1877), i. 22–5, 61, 350, 419, ii. 8, 71, 163; Tytler's Memoirs of Lord Kames (1814), iii. 293–304; Allardyce's Scotland and Scotsmen (1888), i. 126, 369–80; Chalmers's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen (1869), ii. 80–2; Anderson's Scottish Nation (1863), ii. 281–2; Chalmers's Biog. Dict. (1814), xv. 270–2; Sir John Sinclair's Statistical Account of Scotland, i. 475–7, v. 176–8; Burke's Landed Gentry (1879), i. 618; Gent. Mag. (1793), lxiii. pt. ii. 769, 803; Scots Mag. (1748) x. 155, (1759) xxi. 446, (1789) li. 653–4, (1793) lv. 362; Edinburgh Mag. (1793), ii. 252; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. v. 95; Brit. Mus. Cat.]