Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haddon, Walter
HADDON, WALTER, LL.D. (1515–1572), civilian, son of William Haddon, by his wife Dorothy, daughter of Paul Dayrell, and brother of James Haddon [q. v.], was born in Buckinghamshire in 1616. He was educated at Eton under Richard Cox [q. v.], ultimately bishop of Ely. In 1633 he was elected from Eton to King's College, Cambridge. He declined an invitation to Cardinal College, newly founded by Wolsey at Oxford, and proceeded B.A. at Cambridge in 1537. He was one of the promising scholars who about this period attended the Greek lecture read in the university by Thomas (afterwards Sir Thomas) Smith. He excelled as a writer of Latin prose, commenced M.A. in 1541, and read lectures on civil law for two or three years. He sent to his friend Cox, the prince's tutor, an interesting account of a hasty visit paid to Prince Edward at Hatfield about 1546. He was created doctor of laws at Cambridge in 1549, and served the office of vice-chancellor in 1549-50 (Cooper, Athenæ Cantabr. i. 299). He was 'one of the great and eminent lights of the reformation in Cambridge under King Edward' (Strype, Life of Parker, ii. 365, fol.) With Matthew Parker, then master of Benet College, he acted as an executor of his friend Martin Bucer, and both delivered orations at his funeral in March 1550-1. Soon afterwards he was dangerously ill, and received a pious consolatory letter from John Cheke (19 March). Two days later he was appointed regius professor of civil law, in accordance with a petition from the university, drawn up by his friend Roger Ascham. Haddon and Cheke were chiefly responsible for the reform of the ecclesiastical laws, prepared under Cranmer's superintendence, and with the advice of Peter Martyr, in accordance with the act of 1549, which directed that the scheme should be completed by 1552. The work was not finished within the specified time. A bill introduced into the parliament of 1552 for the renewal of the commission was not carried, and Edward's death put an end to the scheme, but Haddon and Cheke's 'Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum' appeared in 1571. On the refusal of Bishop Gardiner, master of Trinity Hall, to comply with the request of the Duke of Somerset, lord protector, to amalgamate that college with Clare Hall, the king in February 1551-2 appointed Haddon to the mastership of Trinity Hall (Addit. MS. 5807, f. 106). On 8 April 1652 he, Parker, Ralph Aynsworth, master of Peterhouse, and Thomas Lever, master of St. John's, were commissioned to settle a disputed claim to the mastership of Clare Hall (Strype, Life of Parker, i. 30. fol.) When Cheke was lying desperately ill in 1552, he recommended Haddon to the king as his successor in the provostship of King's College.
At Michaelmas 1552 the king and council removed Owen Oglethorp, president of Magdalen College, Oxford, who was opposed to further religious changes, and Haddon was appointed to succeed him. The fellows in vain petitioned the king against this flagrant breach of the college statutes. Oglethorp, finding the council inflexible, made an amicable arrangement with Haddon. He resigned on 27 Sept., and Haddon was admitted president by royal mandate on 10 Oct., Michael Renniger, one of Oglethorp's strongest opponents, addressing him in a congratulatory oration. The new president 'contrived, during his short and unstatutable career, to sell as many of the precious effects of the chapel as were valued at about a thousand pounds' for 52l. 14s. 8d., which sum he is said to have consumed on alterations, as also nearly 120l, of the public money' (Ingram, Memorials of Oxford, Magd.Coll., p. 16n.) Some libellous verses against the president, affixed to various parts of the college, were attributed Julius Palmer [q. v.], who was expelled on the ground of 'popish pranks.'
On Mary's accession (August 1553) Haddon wrote some Latin verses congratulating her majesty (Strype, Eccl. Memorials, iii. 14, 15, and Append. p. 6, fol.) On 27 Aug. 1553 he prudently obtained leave of absence from college for a month on urgent private affairs. The following day letters were received from the queen commanding that all injunctions contrary to the founder's statutes issued since the death of Henry VIII should be abolished; and Haddon having retired, Oglethorp was re-elected president on 31 Oct. A commission for Haddon's admission to practise as an advocate in the arches court of Canterbury was taken out on 9 May 1555 (Tanner, Bibl. Brit. p. 367; Coote, English Civilians, p. 41). He was admitted a member of Gray's Inn in 1557, and was one of the members for Thetford, Norfolk, in the parliament which assembled 20 Jan. 1557-8 (Foster, Gray's Inn Register, p. 27; Official List of Members of Parliament, i. 397). In 1557 he translated into Latin a supplicatory letter to Pope Paul IV from the parliament of England, to dissuade his holiness from revoking Cardinal Pole's legatine authority. His sympathy with protestantism was, however, displayed in a consolatory Latin poem addressed to the Princess Elizabeth on her afflictions. On her accession he was summoned to attend her at Hatfield, congratulated her in Latin verse, and was immediately constituted one of the masters of the court of requests. In spite of his protestant opinions he was an admirer of the learning of Bishop Cuthbert Tunstal, and composed the epitaph placed on his tomb in 1559. On 20 June in that year he was appointed one of her majesty's commissioners for the visitation of the university of Cambridge and the college of Eton; and on 18 Sept. following the queen granted him a pension of 50l. per annum. He was in the commission for administering oaths to ecclesiastics (20 Oct, 1559); was also one of the ecclesiastical commissioners; and received from his friend, Archbishop Parker, the office of judge of the prerogative court (Strype, Life of Parker, p. 365, fol.) In 1560 a Latin prayer-book, prepared under the superintendence of Haddon, who took a former translation by Aless (see Alesius, Alexander) as a model, was authorised by the queen's letters patent for the use of the colleges in both universities and those of Eton and Winchester (Clay, Liturgical Services in the Reign of Elizabeth, pref. p. xxiv). On 22 Jan. 1560-1 he was one of the royal commissioners appointed to peruse the order of lessons throughout the year, to cause new calendars to be printed, to provide remedies for the decay of churches, and to prescribe some good order for collegiate churches in the use of the Latin service. He was one of the learned men recommended by Bishop Grindal in December 1561 for the provostship of Eton College, but the queen's choice fell upon William Day. In June 1562 he and Parker, at the request of the senate, induced Cecil to abandon his intention of resigning the chancellorship of the university of Cambridge (Life of Parker, i, 118).
In 1563 Jerome Osorio da Fonseca, a Portuguese priest, published in French and Latin an epistle to Queen Elizabeth, exhorting her to return to the communion of the catholic church. Haddon, by direction of the government, wrote an answer, which was printed at Paris in 1563 through the agency of Sir Thomas Smith , the English ambassador. In August 1564 Haddon accompanied the queen to Cambridge, and determined the questions in law in the disputations in that faculty held in her presence (Cooper, Annals of Cambridge, ii. 196). In the same year the queen granted him the site of the abbey of Wymondham, Norfolk, with the maaor and lands pertaining to that monastery. He was employed at Bruges in 1565 and 1566 with Viscount Montacute and Dr. Nicholas Wotton, in negotiations for restoring the ancient commercial relations between England and the Netherlands. In November 1566 he was a member of the joint committee of both houses of parliament appointed to petition the queen about her marriage (Parliamentary History, 1763, iv. 62).
Osorio, who had been meanwhile created bishop of Silves, published in 1567 a reply to Haddon, and the latter commenced a rejoinder. It was left unfinished at the time of his death, but was ultimately completed and published by John Foxe. There appeared, probably at Antwerp, without date, 'Chorus alternatim canentium,' a satire in verse on the controversy between Haddon and Osorio, attached to a caricature in which Haddon, Bucer, and P. V. Vermigli are represented as dogs drawing a car whereon Osorio is seated in triumph. According to Dr. Edward Nares the English jesuits at Louvain sought to deter Haddon from proceeding with his second confutation of Osorio, 'endeavouring to intimidate him by a prophetic denunciation of some strange harm to happen to him if he did not stop his pen.' He died, adds Nares, in Flanders, whence the warning came, and his death naturally raised suspicions of foul play (Life of Lord Burghley, ii. 306, 307). The Rev. George Townsend says that Haddon died at Bruges after being threatened with death if he continued the controversy with Osorio (Life of Foxe, pp. 209-11). As a matter of fact, however, Haddon died in London on 21 Jan. 1571-2, and was interred on the 25th at Christ Church, Newgate Street, where, previously to the great fire of London, there was a monument to his memory, with a Latin inscription preserved by Weaver (Funerall Monuments, p. 391).
He married, first, Margaret, daughter of Sir John Clere of Ormesby, Norfolk, by whom he had a son, Clere Haddon, who was drowned in the river Cam, probably in 1571; and secondly, Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Sutton, who survived him, and remarried Sir Henry Cobham, whom she also survived.
Queen Elizabeth being asked whether she preferred Buchanan or Haddon, adroitly replied, 'Buchannum omnibus antepono, Haddonem nemini postpono.' In his own day unqualified encomiums were bestowed on his latinity. Hallam, however, remarks of his orations: 'They seem hardly to deserve any high praise. Haddon had certainly laboured at an imitation of Cicero, but without catching his manner or getting rid of the florid, semi-poetical tone of the fourth century.' Of the 'Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum,' the work of Haddon and Cheke, Hallam says: 'It is, considering the subject, in very good language' (Literature of Europe, i. 501, 502). Apparently Haddon was not very courtly in his manners. On coming into Queen Elizabeth's presence her majesty told him that his new boots stunk. He replied: 'I believe, madam, it is not my new boots which stink, but the old petitions which have been so long in my bag unopened.'
Subjoined is a list of his works:
- 'Epistola de Vita et Obitu Henrici et Caroli Brandoni, Fratrum Suffolciensium,' London, 1551, 4to.
- 'Cantabrigienses: siue Exhortatio ad literas,' London (Richard Grafton), 1552, 12mo. This was furtively sent to the press by Thomas Wilson, afterwards knighted, who, in his dedication to John Dudley, earl of Warwick, says the theft was a 'pium facinus.' The work is reprinted in 'Lucubrationes.'
- 'Oratio Jesu Christi Salvatoris nostri qua Populum affatus est cum ascendisset Montem. Item, Epistola Sancti Jacobi. Ad hæc Psalmus Davidis centesimus tertius. Omnia hæc comprehensa versibus,' London, 1555, 8vo. Reprinted in 'Lucubrationes'.
- 'Liber Precum Publicarum,' London, 1560, 4to.
- 'Oratio Funebris in honorem Martini Buceri,' Strasburg, 1562, 8vo, and in 'Buceri Scripta Anglicana;' also in Sir John Cheke's 'De Obitu doctissimi et sanctissimi Theologi Doctoris M. Buceri,' London, 1551, 4to.
- 'Gualtheri Haddoni pro Reformatione Anglicana Epistola Apologetica ad Hier. Osorium, Lusitanum,' Paris (Stephens), 1563. Reprinted in 'Lucubrationes' and in Gerdes's 'Scrinium Antiquarium, sive Miscellanea Groningana Nova,' 1752, iii. 492-522. Translated into English by Abraham Hartwell [q. v.], under the title of 'A Sight of the Portugall Pearle,' London [1565], 16mo. A reply to Haddon, by Emanuel Dalmada, bishop of Angra, was published in Latin at Antwerp, 1566, 4to.
- 'Lucubrationes passim collectæ et editæ: studio et labore Thomæ Hatcheri, Cantabrigiensis,' London, 1567, 4to—a collection containing, besides the oration on Bucer and many Latin letters addressed to Henry, duke of Suffolk, John, duke of Northumberland, Sir John Cheke, George Day, bishop of Chichester, provost of King's College, Cambridge, and the vice-provost and seniors of that college, Dr. Richard Cox, Dr. Thomas Wilson, Robert, earl of Leicester, Sir Thomas Heneage, and John Sturmius, the following orations: (a) 'De laudibus eloquentiæ oratio.' (b) 'In Admissione Bacchalaureorum Cantabrigiensium, Anno Domini, 1547, Oratio.' (c) 'De Laude Scientiarum oratio habita Oxoniæ.' (d) 'Oratio Theologica habita in regio collegio.' (e) 'Oratio quam habuit, cum Cantabrigiæ legum interpretationem ordiretur.' (f) 'Oratio habita Cantabrigiæ cum ibi inter alios Visitator regius versaretur.' (g)' Oratio ad pueros Ætonenses.'
- 'Poemata, studio et labore Thomæ Hatcheri, Cantabrigiensis, sparsim collecta et edita,' London, 1567,4to.
- 'Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum ex Authoritate primum Henrici 8 inchoata: deinde per Regem Edouardum 6 prouecta, adauctaque in hunc Modum, atque nunc ad pleniorem ipsarum Reformationem,' London, 1571,4to. Translated into Latin by Haddon and Sir John Cheke.
- 'Poematum sparsim collectorum Libri duo,' London, 1576, 12mo. In this work, which is of extreme rarity, there are some pieces not included in the collection of 1567; also poems on Haddon's death. Wood mentions a very doubtful edition, London, 1592, 8vo.
- 'Contra Hieron. Osorium, ejusque odiosas insectationes pro Evangelicæ veritatis necessaria Defensione, Responsio Apologetica. Per clariss, virum Gualt. Haddonum inchoata: Deinde suscepta et continuata per Joan. Foxum,' London, 1577, 4to. An English translation by James Bell appeared at London, 1581, 4to, and is reprinted in vol. viii. of the 'Fathers of the English Church,' edited by the Rev. Legh Richmond, London, 1812, 8vo.