Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hudson, William (1730?-1793)
HUDSON, WILLIAM (1730?–1793), botanist, was born at the White Lion Inn, Kendal, which was kept by his father, between 1730 and 1732. He was educated at Kendal grammar school, and apprenticed to a London apothecary. He obtained the prize for botany given by the Apothecaries' Company, a copy of Ray's ‘Synopsis,’ which is now in the British Museum; but he also paid attention to mollusca and insects. In Pennant's ‘British Zoology’ he is mentioned as the discoverer of Trochus terrestris. From 1757 to 1758 Hudson was resident sub-librarian of the British Museum, and his studies in the Sloane herbarium enabled him to adapt the Linnæan nomenclature to the plants described by Ray far more accurately than did Sir John Hill [q.v.] in his ‘Flora Britannica’ of 1760. In 1761 Hudson was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and in the following year appeared the first edition of his ‘Flora Anglica,’ which, according to Pulteney and Sir J. E. Smith, ‘marks the establishment of Linnæan principles of botany in England.’ Smith writes that the work was ‘composed under the auspices and advice of’ Benjamin Stillingfleet. Hudson, at the time of its publication, was practising as an apothecary in Panton Street, Haymarket, and from 1765 to 1771 acted as ‘præfectus horti’ to the Apothecaries' Company at Chelsea. A considerably enlarged edition of the 'Flora' appeared in 1778; but in 1783 the author's house in Panton Street took fire, his collections of insects and many of his plants were destroyed, and the inmates narrowly escaped with their lives. Hudson retired to Jermyn Street. In 1791 he joined the newly established Linnean Society. He died in Jermyn Street from paralysis on 23 May 1793, being, according to the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' in his sixtieth year. He bequeathed the remains of his herbarium to the Apothecaries' Company. Linnæus gave the name Hudsonia to a North American genus of Cistaceæ. A portrait of Hudson was engraved.
[Rees's Cyclopædia, article by Sir J. E. Smith; Cornelius Nicholson's Annals of Kendal, p.345; Gent. Mag. 1793, i. 485; Field and Semple's Memoirs of the Botanic Garden at Chelsea, p.88; Trimen and Dyer's Flora of Middlesex, p. 392; Pulteney's Sketches of the Progress of Botany, ii. 351; Bromley's Cat. of Portraits.]