being an active partisan of Henry Clay, and in 1840 was by that party elected vice-president of the United States, with General Harrison as president. The death of President Harrison, a month after his inauguration, made Tyler president in 1841. His administration, at first favorable to the Whigs, was soon displeasing to them. He vetoed the bill for a United States Bank, at that time a favorite project of the party. Several members of the cabinet resigned, and finally John C. Calhoun, the great Democratic statesman, was made secretary of state. The annexation of Texas in 1845 and the passing of a protective tariff law in 1842 were among the important acts of Tyler's administration. In 1861 he was president of the peace convention which met at Washington to effect a compromise between the north and the south. He afterwards joined the Confederate cause, and was a member of the Confederate Congress at his death, which occurred at Richmond, Va., Jan. 17, 1862.
Tyler, Moses Coit, an American littèrateur and professor of American history at Cornell University since 1881, was born at Griswold, Conn., Aug. 2, 1835, and graduated at Yale in 1853. From 1867 to 1881 he was professor of English at the University of Michigan, and for a time was literary editor of The Christian Union. In 1881 he accepted the chair of American history at Cornell. He wrote a Manual of English Literature, a History of American Literature during the Colonial Period (1606-1765), The Literary History of the American Revolution, Glimpses of England and a Life of Patrick Henry. His works possess literary charm as well as thorough scholarship. He died on Dec. 28, 1900.
Tyler, William Seymour, an American scholar, was born at Hartford, Penn., Sept. 2, 1810. The gift of a Greek grammar by a young minister started the boy on his career as a scholar and teacher. He graduated at Amherst College, and studied theology, but accepted the professorship of Latin and Greek in Amherst College in 1836. Besides his work in the college for more than 50 years, where he became celebrated as a teacher of languages, he is well-known from his editions of Greek authors, as The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, Plato's Apology and Crito and Demosthenes' De Corona; and from The Theology of the Greek Poets and The History of Amherst College.
Tylor, Edward B., D. C. L., a distinguished English scholar, and professor of anthropology at the University of Oxford, was born at London, Oct. 2, 1832, and educated at the Friends' School, Grove House, Twickenham. In 1856 he took a scientific journey through Mexico, and has written Anahuac, Mexico and the Mexicans; Researches into the Early History of Mankind; Primitive Culture; and Anthropology.
Tyndale, William. See Tindale, William.
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Tyn'dall, John, an eminent British scientist, was born at Leighlin Bridge, Carlow, Ireland, Aug. 21, 1820; and died in Surrey, England, Dec. 4, 1893. He was educated in the public schools until 19, when he entered the employ of the ordnance survey. After a short teaching experience he went to the University of Marburg in 1848, where he spent two years and took his doctor's degree. In 1851 he went to Berlin, where he made the valuable acquaintance of Magnus, Clausius, Wiedemann and others. Returning to London in 1852, he was elected fellow of the Royal Society, and in the year following was appointed professor of natural philosophy in the Royal Institution, succeeding Faraday, a position which he held until 1887, when he was succeeded by Lord Rayleigh. Tyndall's earliest investigations were made at Marburg on The Magneto-Optic Properties of Crystals. In 1859 he began an important study of Radiant Heat, resulting in a classical volume in 1872. His investigations of glacier motion were reported to the Royal Society in 1856, and later recorded in interesting popular volumes. As a skillful and brilliant lecturer on science he has, perhaps, never been surpassed. Every one should read his Heat as a Mode of Motion and his Forms of Water.
Tyng, Stephen Higginson, an American clergyman, was born at Newburyport, Mass., March 1, 1800. He was a graduate of Harvard College and a prominent clergyman of the Episcopal church, successively occupying parishes at Georgetown, D. C., Philadelphia and New York City. Besides his great influence in the pulpit and in church work, he was editor for some time of the Episcopal Recorder and Protestant Churchman, and wrote Lectures on the Law and the Gospel; Christ Is All; The Captive Orphan; Esther, Queen of Persia; The Prayer-Book Illustrated by the Bible; Forty Years' Experience in Sunday-Schools; and The Feast Enjoyed. He died on Sept. 4, 1885.
Type, the name of the metal letters used in printing. They are usually made of an alloy called type-metal, made of lead, antimony and tin, copper sometimes being added. The antimony gives hardness and the tin toughness to the soft lead, which is the principal metal used. A copper-face is sometimes put on the type by the electrotype battery, which makes it last longer. Types were formerly made by hand, but now type-casting machines do the work.
