Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Jonathan
SCOTT, JONATHAN, LL.D. (1754–1829), orientalist, born at Shrewsbury in 1754, was the third son of Jonathan Scott of Shrewsbury by Mary, daughter of Humphrey Sandford of the Isle near that town. John Scott, afterwards Scott-Waring [q. v.], was his eldest brother. Jonathan received his first education in the Royal Free Grammar School at Shrewsbury, but left in his thirteenth year to proceed to India with his two elder brothers, John and Richard. Jonathan was gazetted to a cadetcy in 1770, and two years later to an ensigncy in the 29th native infantry of the Carnatic. He became a lieutenant in 1777, and finally captain in 1778. His abilities gained him the patronage of Warren Hastings, then governor-general of Bengal, who appointed him his Persian secretary. Scott's official duties left him little time for literary work, but in 1784 he took part in founding the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, of which body he remained a member until 1799. Hastings left India in February 1785, and as Scott resigned his commission in January of that year, it may be presumed that he returned to England about the same time.
In 1786 he published his first work, ‘A Translation of the Memoirs of Eradut Khan; being anecdotes by a Hindoo Noble, of the Emperor Alumgeer Aurungzebe, and his successors Shaw Alum and Jehaundar Shaw.’ This was followed in 1794 by a ‘Translation of Ferishita's History of the Dekkan from the first Mahummedan Conquests, with a continuation from other native writers, to the reduction of its last Monarchs by the Emperor Alumgeer Arungzebe. Also with a History of Bengal from the accession of Ali Verdee Khan to the year 1780,’ 2 vols. 4to. These works were followed by the ‘Bahar Danush, or Garden of Knowledge; an Oriental Romance translated from the Persic of Einaiut Oollah,’ 1799, 3 vols. 8vo, and by ‘Tales, Anecdotes, and Letters from the Arabic and Persian,’ 1809, 8vo. The last includes a number of tales translated from a fragment of a manuscript of the Thousand and One Nights, procured in Bengal by James Anderson.
In 1811 Scott published the work by which he is chiefly known, his edition of the ‘Arabian Nights Entertainments,’ in 6 vols., 12mo. Edward Wortley Montagu [q. v.] had brought back from Turkey an approximately complete manuscript of the work (now in the Bodleian) written in 1764. Scott proposed to make a fresh translation from this manuscript, and printed a description of it, together with a table of contents, in Ouseley's ‘Oriental Collection.’ He abandoned the idea later on, and contented himself with revising Galland's French version (1704–1717), saying that he found it so correct that it would be useless to go over the original afresh. But he prefixed a copious introduction, interspersed with valuable notes illustrative of the manners and customs of the Mohammedans, and added some additional tales from other sources. The work, the earliest effort to render the ‘Arabian Nights’ into literary English, at once became popular, and was republished in London in 1882, 4 vols. 8vo, and again in 1890, 4 vols. 8vo.
In 1802 Scott was appointed professor of oriental languages at the Royal Military College, but resigned that post in 1805. He held, about the same time, a similar position at the East India College at Haileybury. In both cases he seems to have been dissatisfied not only with the pay, but also with the status accorded him, holding that the professor of oriental languages ought to rank as one of the principal officers. In 1805 the honorary degree of D.C.L. was conferred upon him by the university of Oxford in recognition of his attainments in oriental literature. Scott was generous towards rising talent, and his townsman, Samuel Lee [q. v.], the orientalist, owed much to his instruction. He died on 11 Feb. 1829 at his residence in St. John's Row, Shrewsbury, and was buried near his parents in the bishop's chancel of old St. Chad's Church in the same city. He married his cousin Anne, daughter of Daniel Austin, M.A., rector of Berrington, Shropshire, who survived him. By her he had issue a son who died young, and a daughter, Anna Dorothea, who married her cousin, R. W. Stokes of London.
[Gent. Mag. 1829, i. 470; India Army List; Bengal Calendar, 1788.]