Africa by Élisée Reclus/Volume 4

by Élisée Reclus

 

 

Layout 4

CONTENTS.

 

 

chap.			page
I.	Angola		1
		General Survey, p. 1. Physical Features, p. 4. River Basins, p. 6. Climate, p. 10. Flora, p. 12. Fauna, p. 14. Inhabitants, p. 16. Topography, p. 31. Administration, p. 58.
II.	Damara and Namaqua Lands		60
		Physical Features, p. 62. Climate, p. 61. Flora, p. 65.Fauna, p. 66. Inhabitants, p. 67. Topography, p. 75.
III.	The Orange and Limpopo Basins		78
		General Survey, p. 78. Physical Features, p. 81. Geological Formations, p. 86. Rivers, p. 86. Climate, p. 95. Flora, p. 101. Fauna, p. 105. Inhabitants, p. 107. The Bushmen, p. 108. The Hottentots, p. 112.
IV.	Cape Colony and its Dependencies		118
		Historical Retrospect, p. 118. Topography of Cape Colony, p. 125. Material Resources, Agriculture, p. 137. Stock-breeding, Ostrich-farming, p. 139. Highways of Communication, p. 143. Administration, Public Instruction, p. 144. Griqualand West, p. 147. The Diamond Fields. p. 149. Bechuanaland, p. 156. The Bechuanas, p. 157. Topography of Bechuanaland, p. 160. Basutoland, p. 166. Kafirland, p. 170. Tembuland, p. 175. Pondoland, p. 176. Griqualand East, p 177.
V.	Natal and Zululand		178
		General Survey, p. 178. The Natives of Natal, p. 180. Immigration, Coolie Labour, p. 181. Agricultural and Mineral Resources, p. 183. Topography of Natal, p. 185. Administration, p. 189. Zululand, p. 190. The Zulus, p. 192. Amatongaland and Swaziland, p. 193.
VI.	The Dutch Republics and Portuguese Possessions South of the Limpopo		196
		The Orange Free State, p. 196. The Boers of the Free State, p. 197. Topography, p 199. Administration, p. 200. Transvaal, p. 201. Natural Divisions, p. 201. Historic Retrospect, p. 202. The Transvaal Beers, p. 204. The Aborigines, p. 206. Natural Resources, p. 207. Mineral Wealth, p. 209. Topography, p. 212. Administration, p 214. Delagoa Bay, p. 216.
VII.	Portuguese Possessions North of the Limpopo.		221
		Gazaland. Physical Features, p. 221. River Systems. Marine Currents, p 223. Climate, Flora, Fauna, p. 224. Historic Retrospect, p. 226. The Zulus of Gazaland, p. 227. Topography, p. 31.
VIII.	Zambese and Ku-Bango Basins		235
		General Survey, p. 235. The Ku-Bango, p. 236. Lake Ngami, p. 239. The Chobe, p. 240. The Upper Zambese, p. 242. The Victoria Falls p. 243. The Middle Zambese, p. 245. Lake Nyassa. p. 247. The Shire and lower Zambene. p. 250. The Zambese Delta, p. 252. Climate of the Zambese Basin, p. 254. Flora, p. 254. Fauna, p. 255. Inihabitants of the Ku-Bango, Ngami, and Upper Zambese Regions, p. 257. The Barotse Empire, p. 260. Topography, p. 203. Matebeleland, p. 264. Topography, p. 268. Inhabitants of the Nyassa and Shire Basins, p 271. Topography, p. 275. Administration and Toppgraphy of the Lower Zambese, p. 277-9.
IX.	Mozambique		281
		Relief of the Land. p. 282. Rivers, p. 284. Lake Kilwah, p. 285. Tne Mozambique Coast, p. 287. Climate, Flora and Fauna, p. 28.). Inhabitant;*, p. 290. Topography, p. 295. Administration, p. 299.
X.	Zanzibar		301
		The German Annexations p 301. Physical Features, p. 304. Rivers p. 305. Lake Rikwa, p. 307. Climate, p. 308. Flora and Fauna, p. 309. Inhabitants, p. 310. Topography, p. 310. The Caravan Trade, p. 324. Islands of Zanzibar and Mafia, p. 326. Flora and Fauna, p. 329. Inhabitants, p. 330. Topography, p. 333. Island of Pemba, p. 333. Administration, p. 334.
XI.	Masailand, Kilima-Njaro, Kenia		336
		Physical Features, p. 338. Lake Naivasha, p. 340. Lake Baringo. p. 341. Usambara Mountains p. 343. Kilima-Njaro, p. 344. Moeru and Ulu Mountains, p. 348. Kenia, p. 348. Mount Elgon, p. 349. Rivers, p. 350. Flora, p. 352. Fauna, p. 353. Inhabitants, p. 354. Topography, p. 370. The British East African Company, p. 375.
XII.	Somali and East Galla Lands		377
		Exploration, p. 377. Physical Features, p. 379 Rivers, p. 383. Climate, p. 387. Flora, p. 388. Fauna, p. 389. Inhabitants, p. 390. Topography, p. 404.
XIII.	East African Islands		416
		Sokotra, p. 416. Physical Features, p. 41ft. Topography, p. 419. Madagascar, p. 420. Historic Retrospect, p. 421. Exploration, p. 426. Physical Features, p. 427. Rivers, p. 429. Climate, p. 432. Flora, p. 433. Fauna, p. 436. Inhabitants, p. 438. Social Condition, p. 448. Topography, p. 455. Administration, p 403. The Comoro Islands, p. 466. The Amirantes and Seychelles, p. 471.
	Statistical Tables		475
	Index		497

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

 

 

MAPS PRINTED IN COLOURS.

page		page
1. Africa, showing European Annexations and Claims (1888)	80	4. Zanzibar and Bagamoyo	314
2. The Cape	118	5.Madagascar	424
3. Cape Colony, Natal, and adjacent Territories	178

 

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PLATES.
Group of Zulus	Frontispiece.
View taken on the Banks of the Rio Dandé	To face page 6
Landscape near Quissama, South of the Congo	16
Quissama Man and Woman	24
Loanda — General View	38
Mossamedes — General View	50
View taken at Walvisch Bay	64
Angra Pequena — View taken from Nautilus Point	76
The Lion's Head, Cape Town	82
Scene on the Limpopo — The Malikoe-Marico Ford in Transvaal	94
Bushman Encampment	108
Cape Town — General View	126
Port Elizabeth	134
Convoy of Emigrants in the Makaraka Country	114
Kimberley and its Diamond Mine	102
Shoshong, Capital of the Ba-Mangwatos	162
Kafir Man and Woman	172
Port Natal and Durban — View taken from the Bluff	184
Landscape on the East Frontier of Transvaal	206
General View of Pretoria	To face page 212
A Zulu Kraal	226
The Gonye Falls on the Zambese	242
View taken at the Zambese and Chobe Confluence	248
Barotse Types	256
View taken at Sesheke, Capital of Barotse	264
Rovuma and Lujenda Confluence	286
Wasagara Types	314
Lindi — Seaward View	318
Zanzibar	328
Masai Women of Njiri	368
Somali Types	392
Galla Types	400
Street in Berbera	412
View taken on the Route between Andovoranto and Tananarivo, Madagascar	421
Diego-Suarez Bay — View taken at Antsirana	432
Tananarivo — General View, taken from the West	456
Malagasy Village of Nossi-Bé	460
Said Ali, Sultan of Great Comoro, and a Princess of Great Comoro	468

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

fig.		page.
1.	Routes of the Chief Explorers in Angola	3
2.	The Cunene and Etosha Lagoon	10
3.	Vegetable Zones of Angola	13
4.	Ancient Kingdom of Congo	17
5.	Mu-Sorongo Woman	18
6.	Inhabitants of Angola	23
7.	Routes of Explorers who have crossed the Continent	29
8.	San-Salvador	33
9.	The King of Congo	34
10.	Ambriz	37
11.	Southern Spit of Loanda	38
12.	St. Paul of Loanda	39
13.	Dondo	41
14.	Projected Railway To Ambaca	42
15.	"Black Stones" of Pungo Ndongo	44
16.	Malange	46
17.	Tiger Bay and the Cunene	54
18.	Chief Zones of Useful Plants in Angola	55
19.	Coffee-Growing Region of Angola	56
20.	Chief Routes of Explorers in Damaraland	61
21.	Herero Land	70
22.	Walvisch Bay	73
23.	Angra Pequena	76
24.	South-West African Highlands	80
25.	Cape Agulhas	82
26.	Relief of South Africa	85
27.	The Orange Falls	87
28.	The Falls of the Orange	89
29.	Gate of the St. John River	91
30.	Delagoa Bay	93
31.	Agulhas Bank	96
32.	Isothermals of South Africa	98
33.	Rainfall of South Africa	100
34.	South-African Hottentot Tribes in the Middle of the Eighteenth Century	113
35.	Hottentots, Kafirs, and Be-Chuanas	115
36.	Aborigines and Colonists	123
37.	Successive British Annexations in South Africa	124
38.	Cape Town	126
39.	Saldanha Bay	129
40.	Mouth of the Breede — Port Beaufort	131
41.	Port Elizabeth	133
42.	South African Lines of Steam Navigation and Cables	142
43.	Administrative Divisions of Cape Colony and Neighbouring Territories	145
44.	Griqualand West	148
45.	River Diggings in the Vaal Basin	150
46.	Section of the Great Kimberley Mine from North To South	152
47.	Kimberley: Appearance of the Mine in 1880	153
48.	Apparatus For Raising the Diamantiferous Earth	155
49.	Chief Routes of Explorers North of the South African Colonies	156
50.	Shoshong	163
51.	Trade Routes in Bechuanaland	164
52.	Basutoland	167
53.	Kafirland	171
54.	South Kafirland	176
55.	Natal	180
56.	The Bluff of Natal	185
57.	Port Nataland Durban	186
58.	Lucia Lagoon and Backwaters	194
59.	Treks of the Boers	203
60.	Range of the Tsetse Fly	208
61.	the Transvaal Gold Fields	210
62.	Pretoria	213
63.	Lorenço Marques	217
64.	The Lourenço Marques-Pretoria Railway	218
65.	Chief Routes of Explorers Between the Limpopo and Zambese	223
66.	Manica and Gorongoza Highlands	232
67.	Portuguese Africa From Ocean To Ocean	236
68.	Region of Uncertain Waterpartings	238
69.	Kassai, Ku-Bango, and Zambese	241
70.	Victoria Falls	244
71.	The Laputa Gorge	246
72.	Region Between Nyassa and Tanganyika	249
73.	Zambese and Shiré Confluence	251
74.	Zambese Delta	252
75.	Inhabitants of the Waterparting Between the Congo and Zambese	257
76.	Barotse Uplands	263
77.	Chief Tribes of the Zambese Basin	268
78.	North End of Lake Nyassa	274
79.	Uplands Between the Shiré and Nyasa	276
80.	Quelimane	279
81.	Chief Route of Explorers East of Nyassa	282
82.	Namuli Mountains	283
83.	Lakes Kilwa, Chiuta, and Amaramba	284
84.	Mouth of the Rovuma	287
85.	Porta and Reefs of North Mozambique	288
86.	Chief Nations of Mozambique	292
87.	Landscape in Lujenda	293
88.	Mozambique and its Ports	296
89.	Ports of Ferñao Vellozo	298
90.	Chief Routes of Explorers North of the Rovuma	301
91.	The Rufiji Delta	306
92.	Mavina TypesMavina Types	311
93.	East African Tribes Between the Rovuma and Pagani	313
94.	Ports of Mikindani and Mto-Mtwara	317
95.	Kiloa-Kisiwani	318
96.	The Two Kiloas	320
97.	Dar-Es-Salaam	321
98.	Bagamoyo	323
99.	Oceanic and Landward Coasts of Pemba, compared	326
100.	Island of Mafia	328
101.	Zanzibar	331
102.	Pemba	334
103.	Chief Routes of Explorers in the Kilima-Njaro Region	337
104.	Line of Volcanic Fault, Masai Land	338
105.	Region between Zanzibar and Lake Nyanza	340
106.	Lacustrine Region West of Mount Kenia	342
107.	Kilima-Njaro and Nyika Uplands	343
108.	Kilima-Njaro	344
109.	Kibo, Western Peak of Kilima-Njaro	347
110.	Tribes North of the Pangani	359
111.	Masai Warriors	365
112.	Mombaz	371
113.	Ports and Hills of Mombaz	372
114.	Malindi and Vasco de Gama's Pillar	373
115.	Chief Routes of Explorers in Somali Land	378
116.	Cape Guardafui	381
117.	Cape Guardafui	383
118.	Ras Hafûn	384
119.	Mouths of the Juba and Bubashi	385
120.	Lower Course of the Webi	386
121.	Somali Territory	392
122.	Somali Woman	394
123.	Vitu Land	403
124.	Double Coastline North of Bubashi	405
125.	Jobel Karoma	406
126.	Kismayu	408
127.	Magdoshu	410
128.	Berbera	413
129.	Sokotra	417
130.	South-East Corner of Madagascar	423
131.	Chief Routes of Explorers in Madagascar	425
132.	Lagoons on the East Coast of Madagascar	430
133.	Erosions on the East Coast and Anten-Gil Bay	431
134.	Circular Forest Zone, Madagascar	434
135.	Ravoninahitraniorivo, Hova Minister	439
136.	Betsileo Woman	441
137.	Inhabitants of Madagascar	443
138.	Tananarivo and Environs	456
139.	Tamatave	458
140.	Diego-Suarez Bay	459
141.	Nossi-Bé	461
142.	North-West Coast of Madagascar	463
143.	Ambohimanga, Holy City of the Hovas	465
144.	The Comoro Islands	467
145.	Mayotte	470
146.	Seychelles	472
147.	Submarine Banks of Madagascar and the Mascarenhas	473