1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nevin, John Williamson

NEVIN, JOHN WILLIAMSON (1803–1886), American theologian and educationalist, was born on Herron’s Branch, near Shippensburg, Franklin county, Pennsylvania, on the 20th of February 1803. He was a descendant of Hugh Williamson of North Carolina, and was of Scotch blood and Presbyterian training. He graduated at Union College in 1821; studied theology at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1823–1828, being in 1826–1828 in charge of the classes of Charles Hodge; was licensed to preach by the Carlisle Presbytery in 1828; and in 1830–1840 was professor of Biblical literature in the newly founded Western Theological Seminary of Allegheny, Pennsylvania. But under the influence of Neander he was gradually breaking away from “Puritanic Presbyterianism,” and in 1840, having resigned his chair in Allegheny, he was appointed professor of theology in the (German Reformed) Theological Seminary at Mercersburg, Pa., and thus passed from the Presbyterian Church into the German Reformed. He soon became prominent; first by his contributions to its organ the Messenger; then by The Anxious Bench—A Tract for the Times (1843), attacking the vicious excesses of revivalistic methods; and by his defence of the inauguration address, The Principle of Protestantism, delivered by his colleague Philip Schaff, which aroused a storm of protest by its suggestion that Pauline Protestantism was not the last word in the development of the church but that a Johannean Christianity was to be its outgrowth, and by its recognition of Petrine Romanism as a stage in ecclesiastical development. To Dr Schaff’s 122 theses of The Principle of Protestantism Nevin added his own theory of the mystical union between Christ and believers, and both Schaff and Nevin were accused of a “Romanizing tendency.” Nevin characterized his critics as pseudo-Protestants, urged (with Dr Charles Hodge, and against the Presbyterian General Assembly) the validity of Roman Catholic baptism, and defended the doctrine of the “spiritual real presence” of Christ in the Lord’s Supper, notably in The Mystical Presence: a Vindication of the Reformed or Calvinistic Doctrine of the Holy Eucharist (1846); to this the reply from the point of view of rationalistic puritanism was made by Charles Hodge in the Princeton Review of 1848. In 1849 the Mercersburg Review was founded as the organ of Nevin and the “Mercersburg Theology”; and to it he contributed from 1849 to 1883. In 1851 he resigned from the Mercersburg Seminary in order that its running expenses might be lightened; and from 1841 to 1853 he was president of Marshall College at Mercersburg. With Dr Schaff and others he was on the committee which prepared the liturgy of the German Reformed Church, which appeared in provisional form in 1857 and as An Order of Worship in 1866. In 1861–1866 he was instructor of history at Franklin and Marshall College (in which Marshall College had been merged), of which he was president in 1866–1876. He died at Lancaster, Penn., on the 6th of June 1886.

See Theodore Appel, The Life and Work of John Williamson Nevin (Philadelphia, 1889), containing Nevin’s more important articles.