1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ponchielli, Amilcare

PONCHIELLI, AMILCARE (1834-1886), Italian, musical composer, was born near Cremona on the 1st of September 1834. He studied at the Milan Conservatoire. His first dramatic work, written in collaboration with two other composers, was Il Sindaco Babbeo (1851). After completing his studies at Milan he returned to Cremona, where his opera I Promessi sposi was produced in 1856. This was followed by La Savojarda (1861, produced in a revised version as Lina in 1877), Roderigo, ré dei Goli (1864), and La Stella del monle (1867), A revised version of I Promessi sposi, which was produced, at, Milan in 1872, was his first. genuine success. After this came a ballet, Le Due Gemelle (1873), and an opera, I Lituanfi (1874, produced in a revised version as Alduna in 1884). Ponchielli reached the zenith of his fame with La Gioconda (1876), Written to a fibretto founded by Arrigo Boito upon Victor Hugo's tragedy, Angelo, Tyran de Padoue. La Giocohda was. followed hygll Figliuol prodigo (1880) and Marion Delorme (1885). Among his less important works are Il Parlatore eterno, a musical farce (1873), and a ballet, Clarina (1873). In 1881 Ponchielli was made maestro di cappella of Piacenza Cathedral. His music shows the influence of Verdi, but at its best it has a distinct value of its own, and an inexhaustible flow of typically Italian melody. His fondness for fanciful figures in his accompaniments has been slavishly imitated by Mascagni, Leoncavallo, and many of their contemporaries. Ponchielli died at Milan on the 17th of January 1886.