1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 10/Table of contributors

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME X. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL
CONTRIBUTORS,^[1] WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE
ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

A. B. R.

Alfred Barton Rendle, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S., F.L.S. Keeper, Department of Botany, British Museum. Author of Text Book on Classification of Flowering Plants; &c.

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Flower.

A. D.

Austin Dobson, LL.D. See the biographical article: Dobson, H. Austin.

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Fielding, Henry.

A. F. B.

Aldred Farrer Barker, M.Sc. Professor of Textile Industries at Bradford Technical College.

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Felt.

A. F. P.

Albert Frederick Pollard, M.A., F.R.Hist.Soc. Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893–1901. Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1892; Arnold Prizeman, 1898. Author of England under Protector Somerset; Henry VIII.; Life of Thomas Cranmer; &c.

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Ferrar, Bishop;
Fox, Edward;
Fox, Richard.

A. G.

Major Arthur George Frederick Griffiths (d. 1908). H.M. Inspector of Prisons, 1878–1896. Author of The Chronicles of Newgate; Secrets of the Prison House; &c.

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Finger Prints.

A. Go.*

Rev. Alexander Gordon, M.A. Lecturer on Church History in the University of Manchester.

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Faber, Basil, Jacobus and Johann;
Familists; Farel, G.; Flacius.

A. H.-S.

Sir A. Houtum-Schindler, C.I.E. General in the Persian Army. Author of Eastern Persian Irak.

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Fars;
Firuzabad.

A. L.

Andrew Lang. See the biographical article: Lang, Andrew

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Fairy; Family.

A. L. B.

Alfred Lys Baldry. Art Critic of the Globe, 1893–1908. Author of Modern Mural Decoration and biographies of Albert Moore, Sir H. von Herkomer, R.A., Sir J. E. Millais, P.R.A., Marcus Stone, R.A., and G. H. Boughton, R.A.

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Fortuny.

A. N.

Alfred Newton, F.R.S. See the biographical article: Newton, Alfred.

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Falcon; Fieldfare; Finch; Flycatcher; Fowl.

A. S.

Arthur Smithells, F.R.S. Professor of Chemistry in the University of Leeds. Author of Scientific Papers on Flame and Spectrum Analysis.

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Flame.

A. M. C.

Agnes Mary Clerke. See the biographical article: Clerke, A. M.

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Flamsteed.

A. W.

Arthur Watson. Secretary in the Academic Department, University of London.

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Examinations (in part).

A. W. R.

Alexander Wood Renton, M.A., LL.B. Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of Encyclopaedia of the Laws of England.

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Fixtures; Flat.

A. W. W.

Adolphus William Ward, D.Litt., LL.D. See the biographical article: Ward, A. W.

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Foote, Samuel;
Ford, John.

C. El.

Sir Charles Norton Edgcumbe Eliot, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L. Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. H.M.'s Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief for the British East Africa Protectorate; Agent and Consul-General at Zanzibar; Consul-General for German East Africa, 1900–1904.

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Finno-Ugrian.

C. F. B.

Charles Francis Bastable, M.A., LL.D. Regius Professor of Laws and Professor of Political Economy in the University of Dublin. Author of Public Finance; Commerce of Nations; Theory of International Trade; &c.

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Finance.

C. F. C.

C. F. Cross, B.Sc. (Lond.), F.C.S. F.I.C. Analytical and Consulting Chemist.

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Fibres.

C. F. R.

Charles Francis Richardson, A.M., Ph.D. Professor of English at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Author of A Story of English Rhyme; A History of American Literature; &c.

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Fiske, John.

C. H. T.*

Crawford Howell Toy, A.M. See the biographical article: Toy, Crawford Howell.

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Ezekiel.

C. J.

Charles Johnson, M.A. Clerk in H.M. Public Record Office. Joint Editor of the Domesday Survey for the Victoria County History: Norfolk.

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Exchequer (in part).

C. J. B. M.

Charles John Bruce Marriott, M.A. Clare College, Cambridge. Secretary of the Rugby Football Union.

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Football: Rugby (in part).

C. J. N. F.

Charles James Nicol Fleming. H.M. Inspector of Schools, Scotch Education Department.

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Football: Rugby (in part).

C. L. K.

Charles Lethbridge Kingsford, M.A., F.R.Hist.Soc., F.S.A. Assistant Secretary to the Board of Education. Author of Life of Henry V. Editor of Chronicles of London and Stow's Survey of London.

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Fabyan;
Fastolf.

C. P. I.

Sir Courtenay Peregrine Ilbert, K.C.B., K.C.S.I., C.I.E. Clerk of the House of Commons. Chairman of Statute Law Committee. Parliamentary Counsel to the Treasury, 1899–1901. Legal Member of Council of Governor-General of India, 1882–1886; President, 1886. Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Author of The Government of India; Legislative Method and Forms.

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Evidence.

C. W. A.

Charles William Alcock (d. 1907). Formerly Secretary of the Football Association, London.

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Football: Association (in part).

D. H.

David Hannay. Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal Navy; Life of Emilio Castelar; &c.

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First of June, Battle of the; Fox, Charles James.

D. Mn.

Rev. Dugald Macfadyen, M.A. Minister of South Grove Congregational Church, Highgate. Director of the London Missionary Society.

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Excommunication.

D. N. P.

Diarmid Noel Paton, M.D., F.R.C.P. (Edin.). Regius Professor of Physiology in the University of Glasgow. Formerly Superintendent of Research Laboratory of Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. Biological Fellow of Edinburgh University, 1884. Author of Essentials of Human Physiology; &c.

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Fever.

D. S. M.*

David Samuel Margoliouth, M.A., D.Litt. Laudian Professor of Arabic, Oxford. Fellow of New College. Author of Arabic Papyri of the Bodleian Library; Mohammed and the Rise of Islam; Cairo, Jerusalem and Damascus.

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Fatimites.

E. B.

Edward Breck, M.A., Ph.D. Formerly Foreign Correspondent of the New York Herald and the New York Times. Author of Fencing; Wilderness Pets; Sporting in Nova Scotia; &c.

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Foil-fencing;
Football: American (in part).

E. Ca.

Egerton Castle, M.A., F.S.A. Trinity College, Cambridge. Author of Schools and Masters of Fence; &c.

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Fencing.

Ed. C.*

The Hon. Edward Evan Charteris. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple.

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Fair (in part).

E. C. B.

Rt. Rev. Edward Cuthbert Butler, O.S.B., M.A., D.Litt. Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of “The Lausiac History of Palladius,” in Cambridge Texts and Studies, vol. vi.

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Fontevrault;
Francis of Assisi, St;
Francis of Paola, St.

E. C. Q.

Edmund Crosby Quiggin, M.A. Fellow and Lecturer in Modern Languages and Monro Lecturer in Celtic, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.

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Finn mac Cool.

E. D. R.

Lieut.-Colonel Emilius C. Delmé Radcliffe. Author of Falconry: Notes on the Falconidae used in India in Falconry.

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Falconry.

E. E. A.

Ernest E. Austen. Assistant in Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, South Kensington.

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Flea.

E. E. H.

Rev. Edward Everett Hale. See the biographical article: Hale, E. E.

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Everett, Edward.

E. G.

Edmund Gosse, LL.D. See the biographical article: Gosse, Edmund.

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Ewald, Johannes; Fabliau; Fabre, Ferdinand; Feuillet; Finland: Literature;
FitzGerald, Edward; Flaubert; Flemish Literature; Forssell.

E. H. P.

Edward Henry Palmer, M.A. See the biographical article: Palmer, E. H.

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Firdousi (in part).

E. K.

Edmund Knecht, Ph.D., M.Sc.Tech. (Manchester), F.I.C. Professor of Technological Chemistry, Manchester University. Head of Chemical Department, Municipal School of Technology, Manchester. Examiner in Dyeing, City and Guilds of London Institute. Author of A Manual of Dyeing; &c. Editor of Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists.

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Finishing.

E. M. Ha.

Ernest Maes Harvey. Partner in Messrs. Allen Harvey & Ross, Bullion Brokers, London.

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Exchange.

E. O.*

Edmund Owen, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.Sc. Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the Children's Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Late Examiner in Surgery at the University of Cambridge, London and Durham. Author of A Manual of Anatomy for Senior Students.

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Fistula.

E. O. S.

Edwin Otho Sachs, F.R.S. (Edin.), A.M.Inst.M.E. Chairman of the British Fire Prevention Committee. Vice-President, National Fire Brigades Union. Vice-President, International Fire Service Council. Author of Fires and Public Entertainments; &c.

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Fire and Fire Extinction.

E. Pr.

Edgar Prestage. Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature at the University of Manchester. Commendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences and Lisbon Geographical Society.

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Falcao;
Ferreira.

E. Re.

Elisée Reclus. See the biographical article: Reclus, J. J. E.

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Fire.

E. Tn.

Rev. Ethelred Leonard Taunton, (d. 1907). Author of The English Black Monks of St Benedict; History of the Jesuits in England.

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Feckenham;
Fisher, John.

E. W. H.

Ernest William Hobson, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.R.A.S. Fellow and Tutor in Mathematics, Christ's College, Cambridge. Stokes Lecturer in Mathematics in the University.

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Fourier's Series.

F. C. C.

Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, M.A., D.Th. (Giessen). Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Author of The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle; Myth, Magic and Morals; &c.

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Extreme Unction.

F. G. P.

Frederick Gymer Parsons, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., F.R.Anthrop.Inst. Vice-President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Lecturer on Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Women. Formerly Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons.

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Eye: Anatomy.

F. J. H.

Francis John Haverfield, M.A., LL.D., F.S.A. Camden Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford. Fellow of Brasenose College. Ford's Lecturer, 1906–1907. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of Monographs on Roman History, especially Roman Britain; &c.

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Fosse.

F. J. W.

Frederick Joseph Wall, F.C.S. Secretary to the Football Association.

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Football: Association (in part).

F. R. C.

Frank R. Cana. Author of South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union.

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France: Colonies.

F. S.

Francis Storr, M.A. Editor of the Journal of Education, London. Officier d'Académie, Paris.

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Fable.

G. A. B.

George A. Boulenger, D.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.S. In charge of the Collections of Reptiles and Fishes, Department of Zoology, British Museum. Vice-President of the Zoological Society of London.

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Flat-fish.

G. A. Be.

George Andreas Berry, M.B., F.R.C.S., F.R.S. (Edin.). Hon. Surgeon Oculist to His Majesty in Scotland. Formerly Senior Ophthalmic Surgeon, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, and Lecturer on Ophthalmology in the University of Edinburgh. Vice-President, Ophthalmological Society. Author of Diseases of the Eye; The Elements of Ophthalmoscopic Diagnosis; Subjective Symptoms in Eye Diseases; &c.

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Eye: Diseases.

G. B. A.

George Burton Adams, A.M., B.D., Ph.D., Litt.D. Professor of History, Yale University. Editor of American Historical Review. Author of Civilization during the Middle Ages; Political History of England, 1066–1216; &c.

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Feudalism.

G. C. L.

George Collins Levey, C.M.G. Member of Board of Advice to Agent-General of Victoria. Formerly Editor and Proprietor of the Melbourne Herald. Secretary, Colonial Committee of Royal Commission to Paris Exhibition, 1900. Secretary, Adelaide Exhibition, 1887. Secretary, Royal Commission, Hobart Exhibition, 1894–1895. Secretary to Commissioners for Victoria at the Exhibitions in London, Paris, Vienna, Philadelphia and Melbourne, 1873, 1876, 1878, 1880–1881.

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Exhibition.

G. E.

Rev. George Edmundson, M.A., F.R.Hist.S. Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1909. Hon. Member, Dutch Historical Society, and Foreign Member, Netherlands Association of Literature.

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Flanders.

G. F. Z.

George Frederick Zimmer, A.M.Inst.C.E. Author of Mechanical Handling of Material.

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Flour and Flour Manufacture.

G. G. P.*

George Grenville Phillimore, M.A., B.C.L. Christ Church, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple.

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Fishery, Law of.

G. P.

Gifford Pinchot, A.M., D.Sc., LL.D. Professor of Forestry, Yale University. Formerly Chief Forester, U.S.A. President of the National Conservation Association. Member of the Society of American Foresters, Royal English Arboricultural Society, &c. Author of The White Pine; A Primer of Forestry; &c.

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Forests and Forestry: United States.

G. W. T.

Rev. Griffiths Wheeler Thatcher, M.A., B.D. Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.

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Fairūzābādī;
Fakhr ud-Dīn Rāzi;
Fārābī; Farazdaq.

H. B. S.

Rev. Henry Barclay Swete, M.A., D.D., Litt.D. Regius Professor of Divinity, Cambridge University. Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Fellow of King’s College, London. Fellow of British Academy. Hon. Canon of Ely Cathedral. Author of The Holy Spirit in the New Testament; &c.

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Fathers of the Church.

H. Ch.

Hugh Chisholm, M.A. Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica; Co-Editor of the 10th edition.

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Forster.

H. De.

Hippolyte Delehaye, S.J. Assistant in the compilation of the Bollandist publications: Analecta Bollandiana and Acta Sanctorum.

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Fiacre, Saint;
Florian, Saint.

H. F. G.

Hans Friedrich Gadow, F.R.S., Ph.D. Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge. Author of “Amphibia and Reptiles,” in the Cambridge Natural History.

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Flamingo.

H. L. S.

H. Lawrence Swinburne (d. 1909).

${\big \{}$

Flag.

H. St.

Henry Sturt, M.A. Author of Idola Theatri; The Idea of a Free Church; Personal Idealism.

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Fechner;
Feuerbach, Ludwig A.

H. W. C. D.

Henry William Carless Davis, M.A. Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls’ College, Oxford, 1895–1902. Author of England under the Normans and Angevins; Charlemagne.

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Fitz Neal;
Fitz Peter, Geoffrey;
Fitz Stephen, William;
Fitz Thedmar; Flambard; Florence of Worcester.

H. W. S.

H. Wickham Steed. Correspondent of The Times at Vienna. Correspondent of The Times at Rome, 1897–1902.

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Fabrizi.

I. A.

Israel Abrahams, M.A. Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature, University of Cambridge. President, Jewish Historical Society of England. Author of A Short History of Jewish Literature; 'Jewish Life in the Middle Ages.

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Exilarch;
Eybeschutz.

J. A. C.

Sir Joseph Archer Crowe, K.C.M.G. See the biographical article: Crowe, Sir Joseph A.

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Eyck, Van.

J. A. H.

John Allen Howe, B.Sc. Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London. Author of The Geology of Building Stones.

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France: Geology.

J. A. S.

John Addington Symonds, LL.D. See the biographical article: Symonds, John A.

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Ficino; Filelfo.

J. B.*

Joseph Burton. Partner in Pilkington’s Tile and Pottery Co., Clifton Junction, Manchester.

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Firebrick (in part).

J. B. P.

James Bell Pettigrew, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.C.P. (Edin.) (1834–1908). Chandos Professor of Medicine and Anatomy, University of St Andrews, 1875–1908. Author of Animal Locomotion; &c.

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Flight and Flying (in part).

J. Bt.

James Bartlett. Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities, &c., at King’s College, London. Member of Society of Architects. Member of Institute of Junior Engineers.

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Foundations.

J. C. M.

James Clerk Maxwell, LL.D. See the biographical article: Maxwell, James Clerk.

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Faraday.

J. E. C. B.

John Edward Courtenay Bodley, M.A. Balliol College, Oxford. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Author of France; The Coronation of Edward VII.; &c.

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France: History, 1870–1910.

J. E. P. W.

John Edward Power Wallis, M.A. Puisne Judge, Madras. Vice-Chancellor of Madras University. Inns of Court Reader in Constitutional Law, 1892–1897. Formerly Editor of State Trials.

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Extradition.

J. F. St.

John Frederick Stenning, M.A. Dean and Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. University Lecturer in Aramaic. Lecturer in Divinity and Hebrew at Wadham College.

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Exodus, Book of.

J. G. H.

Joseph G. Horner, A.M.I.Mech.E. Author of Plating and Boiler Making; Practical Metal Turning; &c.

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Forging;
Founding.

J. G. R.

John George Robertson, M.A., Ph.D. Professor of German at the University of London. Formerly Lecturer on the English Language, Strassburg University. Author of History of German Literature; &c.

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Fouqué, Baron.

J. H. P.*

John Hungerford Pollen, M.A. (d. 1908). Formerly Professor of Fine Arts in Catholic University of Dublin. Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. Cantor Lecturer, Society of Arts, 1885. Author of Ancient and Modern Furniture and Woodwork; Ancient and Modern Gold and Silversmith’s Work; The Trajan Column; &c.

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Fan.

J. Hl. R.

John Holland Rose, M.A., Litt.D. Lecturer on Modern History to the Cambridge University Local Lectures Syndicate. Author of Life of Napoleon I.; Napoleonic Studies; The Development of the European Nations; The Life of Pitt; chapters in the Cambridge Modern History.

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Fouché.

J. H. R.

John Horace Round, M.A., LL.D. (Edin.). Author of Feudal England; Studies in Peerage and Family History; Peerage and Pedigree; &c.

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Ferrers: Family;
Fitzgerald: Family.

J. I.

Jules Isaac. Professor of History at the Lycée of Lyons.

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Francis I. of France.

J. K. L.

Sir John Knox Laughton, M.A., Litt.D. Professor of Modern History, King’s College, London. Secretary of the Navy Records Society. Served in the Baltic, 1854–1855; in China, 1856–1859. Mathematical and Naval Instructor, Royal Naval College, Portsmouth, 1866–1873; Greenwich, 1873–1885. President, Royal Meteorological Society, 1882–1884. Honorary Fellow, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Fellow, King’s College, London. Author of Physical Geography in its Relation to the Prevailing Winds and Currents; Studies in Naval History; Sea Fights and Adventures; &c.

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Farragut;
Fitzroy.

J. L. B.

Julian Levett Baker, F.I.C. Analytical and Consulting Chemist. Examiner in Brewing to the City and Guilds of London Institute, Department of Technology. Hon. Secretary of the Institute of Brewing. Author of The Brewing Industry; &c.

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Fermentation.

J. Ma.

John Macdonald.

${\big \{}$

Fair (in part).

J. M. S.

James Montgomery Stuart. Author of The History of Free Trade in Tuscany; Reminiscences and Essays.

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Foscolo.

J. Pa.

James Paton, F.L.S. Superintendent of Museums and Art Galleries of Corporation of Glasgow. Assistant in Museum of Science and Art, Edinburgh, 1861–1876. President of Museums Association of United Kingdom, 1896. Editor and part-author of Scottish National Memorials, 1890.

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Feather (in part).

J. P. E.

Jean Paul Hippolyte Emmanuel Adhémar Esmein. Professor of Law in the University of Paris. Officer of the Legion of Honour. Member of the Institute of France. Author of Cours élémentaire d'histoire du droit 'français; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

France: Law and Institutions.

J. R. C.

Joseph Rogerson Cotter, M.A. Assistant to the Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, Trinity College, Dublin. Editor of 2nd edition of Preston’s Theory of Heat.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fluorescence.

J. R. F.*

Joseph R. Fisher. Editor of the Northern Whig, Belfast. Author of Finland and the Tsars; Law of the Press; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Finland.

J. R. J. J.

Julian Robert John Jocelyn. Colonel, R.A. Formerly Commandant, Ordnance College; Member of Ordnance Committee; Commandant, Schools of Gunnery.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fireworks: History.

J. S. Bl.

Rev. John Sutherland Black, M.A., LL.D. Assistant Editor, 9th edition, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Joint Editor of the Encyclopaedia Biblica. Translated Ritschl’s Critical History of the Christian 'Doctrine of Justification and Reconciliation.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fasting;
Feasts and Festivals.

J. S. F.

John Smith Flett, D.Sc, F.G.S. Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society of London.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Felsite;
Flint.

J. S. K.

John Scott Keltie, LL.D., F.S.S.. F.S.A. (Scot.). Secretary, Royal Geographical Society. Knight of Swedish Order of North Star. Commander of the Norwegian Order of St Olaf. Hon. Member, Geographical Societies of Paris, Berlin, Rome, &c. Editor of Statesman’s Year Book. Editor of the Geographical Journal.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Finland (in part); Flinders.

J. T. Be.

John T. Bealby. Joint Author of Stanford’s Europe. Formerly Editor of the Scottish Geographical Magazine. Translator of Sven Hedin’s Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fens; Ferghana (in part).

K. S.

Kathleen Schlesinger. Author of The Instruments of the Orchestra.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fiddle; Fife; Flageolet;
Flute (in part).

L. D.*

Louis Duchesne. See the biographical article: Duchesne, L. M. O.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Formosus.

L. F. S.

Leslie Frederic Scott, M.A., K.C.C. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Factor.

L. J.

Lieut.-Colonel Louis Charles Jackson, R.E., C.M.G. Assistant Director of Fortifications and Works, War Office. Formerly Instructor in Fortification, R.M.A., Woolwich. Instructor in Fortification and Military Engineering, School of Military Engineering, Chatham

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fortification and Siegecraft.

L. V.*

Luigi Villari. Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Dept.). Formerly Newspaper Correspondent in east of Europe. Italian Vice-Consul in New Orleans, 1906; Philadelphia, 1907; Boston, U.S.A., 1907–1910. Author of Italian Life in Town and Country; Fire and Sword in the Caucasus; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Faliero; Fanti, Manfredo;
Farini, Luigi Carlo;
Farnese: Family;
Ferdinand I. and IV. of Naples; Ferdinand II. of the Two
 Sicilies;
Fiesco; Filangieri, C.;
Florence; Foscari; Fossombroni;
Francis II. of the Two Sicilies; Francis IV. and V. of Modena.

M. Ha.

Marcus Hartog, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S. Professor of Zoology, University College, Cork. Author of “Protozoa,” in Cambridge Natural History; and papers for various scientific journals.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Flagellata;
Foraminifera.

N. W. T.

Northcote Whitbridge Thomas, M.A. Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding Member of the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris. Author of Thought Transference; Kinship and 'Marriage in Australia; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Faith Healing;
Fetishism;
Folklore.

O. H.*

Otto Hehner, F.I.C., F.C.S. Public Analyst. Formerly President of Society of Public Analysts. Vice-President of Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland. Author of works on Butter Analysis; Alcohol Tables; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Food Preservation.

O. M.

David Orme Masson, M.A., D.Sc, F.R.S. Professor of Chemistry, Melbourne University. Author of papers on chemistry in the transactions of various learned societies.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fireworks: Modern.

P. A.

Paul Daniel Alphandéry. Professor of the History of Dogma, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Sorbonne, Paris. Author of Les Idées morales chez les hétérodoxes latines au début du XIII e siècle.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Flagellants.

P. A. K.

Prince Peter Alexeivitch Kropotkin. See the biographical article: Kropotkin, P. A.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Ferghana (in part);
Finland (in part).

P. C. Y.

Philip Chesney Yorke, M.A. Magdalen College, Oxford.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Falkland; Fanshaw;
Fawkes, Guy;
Fortescue, Sir John.

P. C. M.

Peter Chalmers Mitchell, F.R.S., F.Z.S., D.Sc, LL.D. Secretary to the Zoological Society of London. University Demonstrator in Comparative Anatomy and Assistant to Linacre Professor at Oxford, 1881–1891. Examiner in Zoology to the University of London, 1903. Author of Outlines of Biology; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Evolution.

P. G. K.

Paul George Konody. Art Critic of the Observer and the Daily Mail. Formerly Editor of The Artist. Author of The Art of Walter Crane; Velasquez, Life and Work; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fiorenzo di Lorenzo; Fragonard.

P. J. H.

Philip Joseph Hartog, M.A., L. ès Sc. (Paris). Academic Registrar of the University of London. Author of The Writing of English, and articles in the Special Reports on educational subjects of the Board of Education.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Examinations (in part).

P. W.

Paul Wiriath. Director of the École Supérieure Pratique de Commerce et d'Industrie, Paris.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

France: History to 1870.

R. Ad.

Robert Adamson, LL.D. See the biographical article: Adamson, R.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fichte;
Fourier, F. C. M.

R. A. S. M.

Robert Alexander Stewart Macalister, M.A., F.S.A. St John’s College, Cambridge. Director of Excavations for the Palestine Exploration Fund.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Font.

R. H. C.

Rev. Robert Henry Charles, M.A., D.D., D.Litt. (Oxon.). Grinfield Lecturer and Lecturer in Biblical Studies, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Senior Moderator of Trinity College, Dublin. Author and Editor of Book of Enoch; Book of Jubilees; Apocalypse of Baruch; Assumption of Moses; Ascension of Isaiah; Testaments of the XII. Patriarchs; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Ezra: Third and Fourth Books of.

R. J. M.

Ronald John McNeill, M.A. Christ Church, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law. Formerly Editor of the St James’s Gazette, London.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fenians;
Fitzgerald, Lord Edward;
Flood, Henry.

R. L.*

Richard Lydekker, F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S. Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874–1882. Author of Catalogue of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in British Museum; The Deer 'of all Lands; The Game Animals of Africa; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Flying-Squirrel;
Fox.

R. N. B.

Robert Nisbet Bain (d. 1909). Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883–1909. Author of Scandinavia: the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1513–1900; The First Romanovs, '1613–1725; Slavonic Europe: the Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1796; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fersen, Counts von.

R. Po.

René Poupardin, D. ès L. Secretary of the École des Chartes. Honorary Librarian at the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Author of Le Royaume de Provence sous les Carolingiens; Recueil 'des chartes de Saint-Germain; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Franche-Comté.

R. P. S.

R. Phené Spiers, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. Formerly Master of the Architectural School, Royal Academy, London. Past President of Architectural Association. Associate and Fellow of King’s College, London. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Editor of Fergusson’s History of Architecture. Author of Architecture: East and West; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Flute: Architecture.

R. S. C.

Robert Seymour Conway, M.A., D.Litt. (Cantab.). Professor of Latin and Indo-European Philology in the University of Manchester. Formerly Professor of Latin in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Author of The Italic Dialects.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Falisci.

R.Tr.

Roland Truslove, M.A. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Fellow, Dean and Lecturer in Classics at Worcester College, Oxford.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

France: Statistics.

S. A. C.

Stanley Arthur Cook, M.A. Editor for Palestine Exploration Fund. Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, and formerly Fellow, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Examiner in Hebrew and Aramaic, London University, 1904–1908. Author of Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions; The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi; Critical Notes on Old Testament History; Religion of Ancient Palestine; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Exodus, The;
Ezra and Nehemiah, Books of.

S. C.

Sidney Colvin, LL.D. See the biographical article: Colvin, S.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fine Arts; Finiguerra;
Flaxman.

St C.

Viscount St Cyres. See the biographical article: Iddesleigh, Stafford Henry Northcote, 1st Earl of

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fénelon.

S. E. B.

Hon. Simeon Eben Baldwin, M.A., LL.D. Professor of Constitutional and Private International Law in Yale University. Director of the Bureau of Comparative Law of the American Bar Association. Formerly Chief Justice of Connecticut. Author of Modern Political Institutions; American Railroad Law; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Extradition: U.S.A.

S. E. S.-R.

Stephen Edward Spring-Rice, M.A., C.B. (1856–1902). Formerly Principal Clerk, H.M. Treasury, and Auditor of the Civil List. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Exchequer (in part).

T. A. I.

Thomas Allan Ingram, M.A., LL.D. Trinity College, Dublin.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Explosives: Law.

T. As.

Thomas Ashby, M.A., D.Litt. (Oxon.), F.S.A. Director of British School of Archaeology at Rome. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1897. Corresponding Member of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Author of the Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Faesulae; Falerii; Falerio; Fanum Fortunae;
Ferentino; Fermo;
Flaminia Via;
Florence: Early History;
Fondi; Fonni; Forum Appii.

T. Ba.

Sir Thomas Barclay, M.P. Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the Supreme Council of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of Honour. Author of Problems of 'International Practice and Diplomacy; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Exterritoriality.

T. H. H.*

Sir Thomas Hungerford Holdich, K.C.M.G., K.C.I.E., D.Sc., F.R.G.S. Colonel in the Royal Engineers. Superintendent, Frontier Surveys, India, 1892–1898. Gold Medallist, R.G.S., London, 1887. H.M. Commissioner for the Persia-Beluch Boundary, 1896. Author of The Indian Borderland; The Gates of India; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Everest, Mount.

T. K. C.

Rev. Thomas Kelly Cheyne, D.D. See the biographical article: Cheyne, T. K.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Eve (in part).

T. Se.

Thomas Seccombe, M.A. Lecturer in History, East London and Birkbeck Colleges, University of London. Stanhope Prizeman, Oxford, 1887. Formerly Assistant Editor of Dictionary of National Biography, 1891–1901. Joint-author of The Bookman History of English Literature. Author of The Age of Johnson; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fawcett, Henry.

T. Wo.

Thomas Woodhouse. Head of Weaving and Textile Designing Department, Technical College, Dundee.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Flax.

V. M.

Victor Charles Mahillon. Principal of the Conservatoire Royal de Musique at Brussels. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Flute (in part).

W. A. B. C.

Rev. William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge, M.A., F.R.G.S., Ph.D. (Bern). Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, St David’s College, Lampeter, 1880–1881. Author of Guide to Switzerland; The Alps in 'Nature and in History; &c. Editor of the Alpine Journal, 1880–1889.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Feldkirch.

W. A. P.

Walter Alison Phillips, M.A. Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St John’s College, Oxford. Author of Modern Europe; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Excellency; Faust; Febronianism.

W. B.*

William Burton, M.A., F.C.S. Chairman, Joint Committee of Pottery Manufacturers of Great Britain. Author of English Stoneware and Earthenware; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Firebrick (in part).

W. Ca.

Walter Camp, A.M. Member of Yale University Council. Author of American Football; Football Facts and Figures; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Football: American (in part).

W. Ga.

Walter Garstang, M.A., D.Sc. Professor of Zoology at the University of Leeds. Scientific Adviser to H.M. Delegates on the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 1901–1907. Formerly Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. Author of The Races and Migrations of the Mackerel; The Impoverishment of the Sea; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fisheries.

W. He.

Walter Hepworth. Formerly Commissioner of the Council of Education, Science and Art Department, South Kensington.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fool.

W. M. R.

William Michael Rossetti. See the biographical article: Rossetti, Dante G.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Ferrari, Gaudenzio;
Fielding, Copley;
Franceschi, Piero; Francia.

W. P. P.

William Plane Pycraft, F.Z.S. Assistant in the Zoological Department, British Museum. Formerly Assistant Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy, Oxford. Vice-President of the Selborne Society. Author of A History of Birds; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Feather (in part).

W. N. S.

William Napier Shaw, M.A., LL.D., D.Sc, F.R.S. Director of the Meteorological Office. Reader in Meteorology in the University of London. President of Permanent International Meteorological Committee. Member of Meteorological Council, 1897–1905. Hon. Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Fellow of Emmanuel College, 1877–1899; Senior Tutor, 1890–1899. Joint Author of Text Book of Practical Physics; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fog.

W. P. R.

Hon. William Pember Reeves. Director of London School of Economics. Agent-General and High Commissioner for New Zealand, 1896–1909. Minister of Education, Labour and Justice, New Zealand, 1891–1896. Author of The Long White Cloud, a History of New Zealand; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fox, Sir William.

W. R. S.

William Robertson Smith, LL.D. See the biographical article: Smith, W. R.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Eve (in part).

W. R. E. H.

William Richard Eaton Hodgkinson, Ph.D., F.R.S. Professor of Chemistry and Physics, Ordnance College, Woolwich. Formerly Professor of Chemistry and Physics, R.M.A., Woolwich. Part Author of Valentin-Hodgkinson’s Practical Chemistry; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Explosives.

W. Sch.

Sir Wilhelm Schlich, K.C.I.E., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. Professor of Forestry at the University of Oxford. Hon. Fellow of St John’s College. Author of A Manual of Forestry; Forestry in the United Kingdom; The Outlook of the World’s Timber Supply; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Forests and Forestry.

W. W. F.*

William Warde Fowler, M.A. Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. Sub-rector, 1881–1904. Gifford Lecturer, Edinburgh University, 1908. Author of The City-State of the Greeks and Romans; The Roman Festivals of the Republican Period; &c.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Fortuna.

W. W. R.*

William Walker Rockwell, Lic. Theol. Assistant Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York. Author of Die Doppelehe des Landgrafen Philipp von Hessen.

$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$

Ferrara-Florence, Council of.

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PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES

Evil Eye. Excise. Execution. Executors and Administrators. Exeter. Exile. Eylau. Famine.

Fault. Federal Government. Federalist Party. Fehmic Courts. Felony. Fez. Fezzan. Fictions. Fife.

Fig. Filigree. Fir. Fives. Fleurus. Florida. Foix. Fold. Fontenelle.

Fontenoy. Foot and Mouth Disease. Forest Laws. Forfarshire. Forgery. Formosa. Foundling Hospitals. Fountain.

1. A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume