1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 19/Table of contributors

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XIX. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL
CONTRIBUTORS,^[1] WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE
ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

A. A. W. H.

Ambrosius Arnold Willem Hubrecht, LL.D., D.Sc., Ph.D. Professor of Zoology, and Director of the Institute of Zoology in the University of Utrecht. Author of Nemertines.

Nemertina (in part).

A. Ca.

Arthur Cayley, LL.D., F.R.S. See the biographical article: Cayley, Arthur.

Numbers, Partition of.

A. E. S.

Arthur Everett Shipley, M.A., D.Sc, , F.R.S. Master of Christ’s College, Cambridge. Reader in Zoology, Cambridge University. Joint-editor of the Cambridge Natural History.

Nematoda (in part); Nematomorpha; Nemertina (in part).

A. F. P.

Albert Frederick Pollard, M.A., F.R.Hist.S. Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893–1901. Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1892; Arnold Prizeman, 1898. Author of England under the Protector Somerset; Henry VIII.; Life of Thomas Cranmer; &c.

Nicholas, Henry; Northumberland, John Dudley, duke of.

A. Ge.

Sir Archibald Geikie, K.C.B. See the biographical article: Geikie, Sir Archibald.

Murchison, Sir Roderick Impey.

A. Go.*

Rev. Alexander Gordon, M.A. Lecturer in Church History in the University of Manchester.

Mutian, Konrad; Myconius, Friedrich; Myconius, Oswald.

A. Ha.

Adolf Harnack, Ph.D. See the biographical article: Harnack, Adolf.

Neoplatonism (in part).

A. H.-S.

Sir A. Houtum-Schindler, C.I.E. General in the Persian Army. Author of Eastern Persian Irak.

Nishapur.

A. J. G.

Rev. Alexander James Grieve, M.A., B.D. Professor of New Testament and Church History at the United Independent College, Bradford. Sometime Registrar of Madras University and Member of Mysore Educational Service.

Nestorians (in part); Nestorius (in part); New Jerusalem Church; Nicholas of Basel.

A. L.

Andrew Lang, LL.D. See the biographical article: Lang, Andrew.

Mythology; Name (Local and Personal Names).

A. Ll. D.

Arthur Llewellyn Davies (d. 1907). Trinity College, Cambridge; Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Formerly Assistant Reader in Common Law under the Council of Legal Education.

Negligence.

A. M. Cl.

Agnes Muriel Clay (Mrs Edward Wilde). Late Resident Tutor of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Joint-editor of Sources of Roman History, 133–70 B.C.

Municipium.

A. N.

Alfred Newton, F.R.S. See the biographical article: Newton, Alfred.

Nestor (parrot); Nidification (in part); Nightingale; Noddy; Nutcracker; Nuthatch; Ocydrome.

A. P. H.

Alfred Peter Hillier, M.D., M.P. President, South African Medical Congress, 1893. Author of South African Studies; &c. Served in Kaffir War, 1878–1879. Partner with Dr L. S. Jameson in medical practice in South Africa till 1896. Member of Reform Committee, Johannesburg, and Political Prisoner at Pretoria, 1895–1896. M.P. for Hitchin division of Herts, 1910.

Natal (in part).

A. R. S.

Alexander Russell Simpson, M.D., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.). Emeritus Professor of Midwifery, Edinburgh University, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Professor in the University, 1870–1905.

Obstetrics.

A. S. E.

Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, M.A., M.Sc., F.R.A.S. Chief Assistant at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Nebula.

A. S. P.-P.

Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L. Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh. Gifford Lecturer in the University of Aberdeen, 1911. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of Man’s Place in the Cosmos; The Philosophical Radicals; &c.

Mysticism.

A. Ts.

Albert Thomas. Member of the French Chamber of Deputies. Contributor to Vol. xi. of the Cambridge Modern History. Author of Le second Empire, &c.

Napoleon III.

A. W. H.*

Arthur William Holland. Formerly Scholar of St John’s College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray’s Inn, 1900.

Nonjurors.

A. W. Hu.

Arthur Wollaston Hutton. Rector of Bow Church, Cheapside, London. Formerly Librarian of the National Liberal Club. Author of Life of Cardinal Manning. Editor of Newman’s Lives of the English Saints; &c.

Newman, Cardinal.

B.	Lord Balcarres, F.S.A., M.P. Trustee of National Portrait Gallery. Hon. Secretary of Society for Protection of Ancient Buildings; Vice-Chairman of National Trust. Junior Lord of the Treasury, 1903–1905. M.P. for Chorley division of Lancs from 1895. Son and heir of the 26th earl of Crawford.

Museums of Art.

B. R.

Sir Boverton Redwood, D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.I.C., Assoc.Inst.C.E., M.Inst.M.E. Adviser on Petroleum to the Admiralty, Home Office, India Office, Corporation of London, and Port of London Authority. President of the Society of Chemical Industry. Member of the Council of the Chemical Society. Member of Council of Institute of Chemistry. Author of Cantor Lectures on Petroleum; Petroleum and its Products; Chemical Technology; &c.

Naphtha.

B. S. P.

Bertha Surtees Philpotts, M.A. (Dublin). Formerly Librarian of Girton College, Cambridge.

Norway: Early History.

B. W.*

Beckles Willson. Author of The Hudson’s Bay Company ; The Romance of Canada; &c.

Newfoundland.

C. F. M. B.

Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. Managing Director of The Times. Correspondent in Egypt, 1865–1890. Author of Khedives and Pashas; From Pharaoh to Fellah; &c.

Nubar Pasha.

C. H. Ha.

Carlton Huntley Hayes, A.M., Ph.D. Assistant Professor of History at Columbia University, New York City. Member of the American Historical Association.

Nicholas, III., IV. and V (popes).

C. H. W. J.

Rev. Claude Hermann Walter Johns, M.A., Litt.D. Master of St Catharine’s College, Cambridge. Canon of Norwich. Author of Assyrian Deeds and Documents.

Nineveh.

C. K. S.

Clement King Shorter. Editor of the Sphere. Author of Charlotte Bronte and her Circle; The Brontés: Life and Letters; &c.

Newspapers: Illustrated Papers.

C. M.

Carl Theodor Mirbt, D.Th. Professor of Church History in the University of Marburg. Author of Publizistik im Zeitalter Gregor VII.; Quellen zur Geschichte des Papstthums; &c.

Nicaea, Council of.

C. Mi.

Chedomille Mijatovich. Senator of the Kingdom of Servia. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the King of Servia to the Court of St James’s, 1895–1900, and 1902-903.

Nish.

C. Pf.

Christian Pfister, D.-ès-L. Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of Etudes sur le regne de Robert le Pieux.

Neustria.

C. R. B.

Charles Raymond Beazley, M.A., D.Litt. Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography. Author of Henry the Navigator; The Dawn of Modern Geography; &c.

Neckam;
Nikitin;
Norden, John.

C. S. S.

Charles Scott Sherrington, D.Sc., M.D., M.A., F.R.S., LL.D Professor of Physiology, University of Liverpool. Foreign Member of Academies of Rome, Vienna, Brussels, Göttingen, &c. Author of The Integrative Action of the Nervous System.

Muscle and Nerve.

D. B. Ma.

Duncan Black Macdonald, M.A., D.D. Professor of Semitic Languages, Hartford Theological Seminary, U.S.A. Author of Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory; Selections from Ibn Khaldun; Religious Attitude and Life in Islam; &c.

Muslim Ibn Al-Ḥajjāj.

D. F. T.

Donald Francis Tovey. Balliol College, Oxford. Author of Essays in Musical Analysis: comprising The Classical Concerto, The Goldberg Variations, and analyses of many other classical works.

Music.

D. G. H.

David George Hogarth, M.A. Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1899 and 1903; Ephesus, 1904–1905, Assiut, 1906–1907. Director, British School at Athens, 1897–1900. Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.

Myra.

D. H.

David Hannay. Formerly British Yice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal Navy; Life of Emilio Castelar; &c.

Napoleonic Campaigns: Naval Operations;
Navarino, Battle of; Navy;
Nelson; Nile, Battle of the.

D. M. W.

Sir Donald Mackenzie Wallace, K.C.I.E., K.C.V.O. Extra Groom-in-Waiting to H.M. King George V. Director of the Foreign Department of The Times, 1891–1899. Joint-editor of new volumes (10th edition) of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Author of Russia; Egypt and the Egyptian Question; The Web of Empire; &c.

Nihilism.

D. N. P.

Diarmid Noel Paton, M.D., F.R.C.P. (Edin). Regius Professor of Physiology in the University of Glasgow. Formerly Superintendent of Research Laboratory of Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. Biological Fellow of Edinburgh University, 1884. Author of Essentials of Human Physiology; &c.

Nutrition.

D. Wr.

Daniel Wright, M.D. Translated the History of Nepaul, from the Parbatiya, with an "Introductory Sketch of the Country and People of Nepaul."

Nepal (in part).

E. A. F.

Edward Augustus Freeman, LL.D See the biographical article: Freeman, E. A.

Nobility; Normans.

E. B. T.

Edward Burnett Tylor, D.C.L., LL.D. See the biographical article: Tylor, Edward Burnett.

Oath.

E. F. S.

Edward Fairbrother Strange. Assistant Keeper, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. Member of Council, Japan Society. Author of numerous works on art subjects. Joint-editor of Bell’s “Cathedral” Series.

Munkacsy.

E. G.

Edmund Gosse, LL.D. See the biographical article: Gosse, Edmund.

Norton, Thomas; Norway: Norwegian Literature; Novel.

E. Gr.

Ernest Arthur Gardner, M.A. See the biographical article: Gardner, Percy.

Mycenae; Naucratis.

E. He.

Edward Heawood, M.A. Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Librarian of the Royal Geographical Society, London.

Nyasa.

E. H. M.

Ellis Hovell Minns, M.A. University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and Assistant Librarian at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Pembroke College.

Neuri.

Ed. M.

Eduard Meyer, Ph.D., D.Litt. (Oxon), LL.D. Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of Geschichte des Alterthums; Geschichte des alten Aegyptens; Die Israetiten und ihre Nachbarstämme.

Narses (King of Persia).

E. N.-R.

Eustace Neville-Rolfe, C.V.O. (1845–1908). Formerly H.M. Consul-General at Naples. Author of Naples in the Nineties; &c.

Naples.

E. Pr.

Edgar Prestage. Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester. Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London, Manchester, &c. Commendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon Geographical Society, &c. Editor of Letters of a Portuguese Nun; Azurara’s Chronicle of Guinea; &c.

Nascimento.

E. P. C.

E. P. Cathcart, M.D. Grieve Lecturer in Chemical Physiology, University of Glasgow.

Nutrition (in part).

E. R. L.

Edwin Ray Lankester, K.C.B., F.R.S., M.A., D.SC., LL.D. Hon. Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. President of the British Association, 1906. Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in University College, London, 1874–1890. Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Oxford, 1891–1898. Director of the Natural History Departments of the British Museum, 1898–1907. Vice-President of the Royal Society, 1896. Romanes Lecturer at Oxford, 1905. Author of Degeneration; The Advancement of Science; The Kingdom of Man; &c.

Mussel (in part).

E. S. G.

Edwin Stephen Goodrich, M.A., F.R.S. Fellow and Librarian of Merton College, Oxford. Aldrichian Demonstrator of Comparative Anatomy, University Museum, Oxford.

Myzostomida.

E. Wa.

Rev. Edmond Warre, M.A., D.D., D.C.L., C.B., C.V.O. Provost of Eton. Hon. Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Headmaster of Eton College, 1884–1905. Author of Grammar of Rowing; &c.

Oar.

E. W. H.*

Sir Edward Walter Hamilton, G.C.B., K.C.V.O. (1847–1908). Joint Permanent Secretary to H.M. Treasury, 1902—1908. Author of National Debt Conversion and Redemption.

National Debt: Conversions (in part).

F. E. B.

Frank Evers Beddard, M.A., F.R.S. Prosector of the Zoological Society, London. Formerly Lecturer in Biology at Guy’s Hospital, London. Naturalist to “Challenger” Expedition Commission, 1882–1884. Author of Text-Book of Zoogeography; Animal Coloration; &c.

Nematoda (in part).

F. G. M. B.

Frederick George Meeson Beck, M.A. Fellow and Lecturer of Clare College, Cambridge.

Northumbria.

F. G. P.

Sir Frederick Gymer Parsons, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S, F.R.Anthrop.Inst. Vice-President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Lecturer on Anatomy at St Thomas’s Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Women. Formerly Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons.

Muscular System;
Nerve;
Nervous System.

F. J. H.

Francis John Haverfield, M.A., LL D., F.S.A. Camden Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford. Fellow of Brasenose College. Fellow of the British Acaderny. Senior Censor, Student, Tutor and Librarian of Christ Church, Oxford, 1891-1907. Author of Monographs on Roman History, especially Roman Britain; &c.

Numantia.

F. Ll. G.

Francis Llewellyn Griffith, M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A. Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Editor of the Archaeological Survey and Archaeological Reports of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Fellow of Imperial German Archaeological Institute.

Obelisk.

F. L. L.

Lady Lugard. See the biographical article: Lugard, Sir F. J. D.

Nassarawa; Nigeria.

F. N. M.

Col. Frederic Natusch Maude, C.B. Lecturer in Military History, Manchester University. Author of War and the World’s Policy; The Leipzig Campaign; The Jena Campaign; &c.

Napoleonic Campaigns: Military.

F. R. C.

Frank R. Cana. Author of South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union.

Natal (in part); Niger; Nile (in part).

F. W. Ha.

Frederick William Hasluck, M.A. Assistant Director, British School of Archaeology, Athens. Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge. Browne’s Medallist, 1901.

Mysia.

F. W. Mo.

Frederick Walker Mott, F.R.S., M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician to Charing Cross Hospital, London. Pathologist to the London County Asylums. Fullerian Professor of Physiology, Royal Institution. Editor of Archives of Neurology.

Neuralgia; Neurasthenia; Neuropathology.

G. A. C.*

Rev. George Albert Cooke, M.A., D.D. Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture, University of Oxford. Fellow of Oriel College; Canon of Rochester. Hon. Canon of St Mary’s Cathedral; Edinburgh. Formerly Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.

Odaenathus.

G. B. M.

George Ballard Mathews, M.A., F.R.S. Professor of Mathematics, University College of N. Wales, Bangor, 1884-1896. Formerly Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge.

Number.

G. C. L.

George Collins Levey, C.M.G. Member of Board of Advice to Agent-General for Victoria. Formerly Editor and Proprietor of the Melbourne Herald. Secretary, Colonial Committee of Royal Commission to Paris Exhibition, 1900. Secretary to Commissioners for Victoria at the Exhibitions in London, Paris, Vienna, Philadelphia and Melbourne.

New South Wales: History.

G. E.

Rev. George Edmundson, M.A., F.R.Hist.S. Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford. Ford’s Lecturer, 1909-1910. Employed by British Government in preparation of the British Case in the British Guiana-Venezuelan and British Guiana-Brazilian Boundary Arbitrations.

Netherlands.

G. F. H.*

George Francis Hill, M.A. A Assistant in the Department of Coins, British Museum. Corresponding Member of the German and Austrian Archaeological Institutes. Author of Coins of Ancient Sicily; Historical Greek Coins; Historical Roman Coins; &c.

Numismatics.

G. H. Bo.

Rev. George Herbert Box, M.A. Rector of Sutton Sandy, Bedfordshire. Lecturer in Faculty of Theology University of Oxford, 1908-1909. Author of Short Introduction to Literature of the Old Testament; &c.

Nahum.

G. H. C.

George Herbert Carpenter, B.Sc. (Lond.). Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. Author of Insects: their Structure and Life.

Neuroptera.

G. J. T.

George James Turner. Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln’s Inn. Editor of Select Pleas of the Forests for the Selden Society.

Northampton, Assize of.

G. K. G.

Grove Karl Gilbert, LL.D. Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey. President of the American Geological Society, 1892-1893 and 1909-1910. Formerly Special Lecturer at Cornell, Columbia and Johns Hopkins Universities. Author of Glaciers and Glaciation; &c.

Niagara.

G. W. T.

Rev. Griffithes Wheeler Thatcher, M.A., B.D. Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.

Nābigha Dhubyānī; Nawāwī; Nosairis.

H. A. G.

Herbert Appold Grueber, F.S.A. Keeper of Coins and Medals, British Museum. Treasurer of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Vice-President of the Royal Numismatic Society. Author of Coins of the Roman Republic; &c.

Numismatics (in part).

H. Ch.

Hugh Chisholm, M.A. Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica; Co-editor of the 10th edition.

National Debt (in part); Newspapers.

H. D. T.

H. Dennis Taylor. Inventor of the Cooke Photographic Lenses. Author of A System of Applied Optics.

Objective.

H. E.

Karl Hermann Ethé, M.A., Ph.D. Professor of Oriental Languages, University College, Aberystwyth (University of Wales). Author of Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the India Office Library, London (Clarendon Press); &c.

Nāsir Khosrau; Nizāmī.

H. F. G.

Hans Friedrich Gadow, F.R.S., PH.D. Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge. Author of “Amphibia and Reptiles,” in the Cambridge Natural History.

Nidification: Nests and Coloration.

H. F. P.

Henry Francis Pelham, LL.D, D.C.L. See the biographical article: Pelham, Henry Francis.

Nero; Nerva.

H. L. B.

Hans Lien Braekstad. Vice-Consul for Norway in London. Author of The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway, &c.

Norway: History, 1814-1907.

H. M. C.

Hector Munro Chadwick, M.A. Librarian and Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, and University Lecturer in Scandinavian. Author of Studies on Anglo-Saxon Institutions.

Norns.

H. M. S.

Henry Morse Stephens, M.A. Balliol College, Oxford. Professor of History and Director of University Extension University of California. Author of History of the French Revolution; Modern European History; &c.

Necker (in part).

H. M. T.

Henry Martyn Taylor, M.A., F.R.S., F.R.A.S. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; formerly Tutor and Lecturer. Smith’s Prizeman, 1865. Editor of the Pitt Press Euclid.

Newton, Sir Isaac.

H. N. D.

Henry Newton Dickson, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.R.G.S. Professor of Geography at University College, Reading. Formerly Vice-President, Royal Meteorological Society. Lecturer in Physical Geography, Oxford University. Author of Meteorology; Elements of Weather and Climate; &c.

North Sea; Norwegian Sea.

H. R. M.

Hugh Robert Mill, D.Sc., LL.D Director of British Rainfall Organization. Formerly President of the Royal Meteorological Society. Hon. Member of Vienna Geographical Society. Hon. Corresponding Member of Geographical Societies of Paris, Berlin, Budapest, St Petersburg, Amsterdam, &c. British Delegate to International Conference on the Exploration of the Sea at Christiania, 1901. Author of The Realm of Nature; The Clyde Sea Area; The English Lakes; The International Geography. Editor of British Rainfall.

Ocean and Oceanography.

H. St.

Henry Sturt, M.A. Author of Idola Theatri; The Idea of a Free Church; Personal Idealism.

Nominalism; Noümenon.

H. W. C. D

Henry William Carless Davis, M.A. Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls’ College, Oxford, 1895-1902. Author of England under the Normans and Angevins; Charlemagne.

Murimuth; Nennius.

H. Wy.

Major-General Henry Wylie, C.S.I. Offiiciating Agent to the Governor-General of India for Baluchistan, 1898-1900. Resident at Nepal, 1891-1900.

Nepal (in part).

H. W. R.*

Rev. Henry Wheeler Robinson, M.A., Professor of Church History in Rawdon College, Leeds. Senior Kennicott Scholar, Oxford, 1901. Author of “Hebrew Psychology in Relation to Pauline Anthropology,” in Mansfield College Essays; &c.

Obadiah (in part).

I. A.

Israel Abrahams, M.A. Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature, University of Cambridge. President Jewish Historical Society of England. Author of A Short History of Jewish Literal ture; Jewish Life in the Middle Ages.

Nachmanides; Najara; Nasi.

J. A. C.

Sir Joseph Archer Crowe, K.C.M.G. See the biographical article: Crowe, Sir Joseph Archer.

Neer, Van der (in part).

J. A. H.

John Allen Howe, B.Sc. (Lond.). Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London. Author of The Geology of Building Stones.

Muschelkalk; Neocomian.

J. A. L. R.

John Athelstan Laurie Riley, M.A. Pembroke College, Oxford. Author of Athos, or the Mountain of the Monks; &c.

Nestorians (in part).

J. A. P.*

Rev. James Alexander Paterson, M.A., D.D. Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis, New College, Edinburgh. Editor of Book of Numbers In the “Polychrome” Bible; &c.

Numbers, Book of.

J. D. B.

James David Bourchier, M.A., F.R.G.S. King’s College, Cambridge. Correspondent of The Times in South-Eastern Eurooe Commander of the Orders of Prince Danilo of Montenegro and of the Saviour of Greece, and Officer of the Order of St Alexander of Bulgaria.

Nicholas (King of Montenegro).

J. F.-K.

James Fitzmaurice-Kelly, Litt. D., F.R.Hist.S. Gilmour Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, Liverlpqol University. Norman McColl Lecturer, Cambridge University. Fellow of the British Academy Member of the Royal Spanish Academy. Knight Commander of the Order of Alphonso XII. Author of A History of Spanish Literature; &c.

Nuñez de Arce.

J. Hd.

John Hollingshead (1827-1904). Founder of the Gaiety Theatre, London. Member of Theatrical Licensing Reform Committee, 1866 and 1892. Author of Gaiety Chronicles; &c.

Music Halls.

J. H. F.

John Henry Freese, M.A. Formerly Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge.

Name: Greek and Roman Names; Noricum.

J. H. M.

John Henry Middleton, M.A., Litt.D., F.S.A., D.C.L. (1846-1896). Slade Professor of Fine Art in the University of Cambridge, 1886-1895. Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1889-1892. Art Director of the South Kensington Museum, 1892-1896. Author of The Engraved Gems of Classical Times; Illuminated Manuscripts in Classical and Mediaeval Times.

Mural Decoration (in part); Niello.

J. H. R.

John Horace Round, M.A., LL.D. Author of Feudal England; Studies in Peerage and Family History; Peerage and Pedigree.

Neville (Family).

J. Hl. R.

John Holland Rose, M.A., Litt.D. Christ’s College, Cambridge. Lecturer on Modern History to the Cambridge University Local Lectures Syndicate. Author of Life of Napoleon I.; Napoleonic Studies; The Development of the European Nations; The Life of Pitt; &c.

Napoleon I.

J. Ja.

Joseph Jacobs, Litt.D. Professor of English Literature in the New York Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Formerly President of the Jewish, Historical Society of England. Corresponding Member of the Royal Academy of History, Madrid. Author of Jews of Angevin England; Studies in Biblical Archaeology; &c.

Nethinim.

J. J. Lr.

Joseph Jackson Lister, M.A., F.R.S. Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge.

Mycetozoa.

J. L. E. D.

John Louis Emil Dreyer. Director of Armagh Observatory. Author of Planetary Systems from Thales to Kepler; &c.

Observatory.

J. M. By.

J. M. Brydon. Architect of Chelsea Town Hall and Polytechnic, &c.

Nesfield.

J. M. M.

John Malcolm Mitchell. Sometime Scholar of Queen’s College, Oxford. Lecturer in Classics, East London College (University of London). Joint-editor of Grote’s History of Greece.

Naucrary; Neoplatonism (in part).

J. P. Pe.

Rev. John Punnett Peters, Ph.D., D.D. Canon Residentiary, P. E. Cathedral of New York. Formerly Professor of Hebrew in the University of Pennsylvania. Director of the University Expedition to Babylonia, 1888-1895. Author of Nippur, or Explorations and Adventures on the Euphrates.

Nejef; Nippur.

J. Si.*

Rev. James Sibree, F.R.G.S. Principal Emeritus, United College (L.M.S. and F.F.M.A.), Antananarivo, Madagascar. Member de l’Académie Malgache. Author of Madagascar and its People; Madagascar before the Conquest; A Madagascar Bibliography; &c.

Nossi-bé.

J. S. Bl.

Rev. John Sutherland Black, M.A., LL.D. Assistant-editor of the 9th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Joint-editor Of the Encyclopaedia Biblica.

Nestorius (in part).

J. S. F.

John Smith Flett, D.SC., F.G.S. Petrographer to H.M. Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society of London.

Mylonite; Napoleonite; Neck; Nepheline-syenite; Nephelinites; Obsidian.

J. S. K.

John Scott Keltie, LL.D., F.S.S., F.S.A. (Scot.). Secretary, Royal Geographical Society. Knight of Swedish Order of North Star. Commander of the Norwegian Order of St Olaf. Hon. Member, Geographical Societies of Paris, Berlin, Rome, &c. Editor of Statesman’s Year Book. Editor of the Geographical Journal.

National Debt (in part).

J. T. Be.

John Thomas Bealby. Joint-author of Stanford’s Europe. Formerly Editor of the Scottish Geographical Magazine. Translator of Sven Hedin’s Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet; &c.

Nikolayev (in part); Nizhniy-Novgorod (in part); Novgorod (in part).

J. T. C.

Joseph Thomas Cunningham, M.A., F.Z.S. Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association.

Mussel (in part); Nautilus; Octopus.

J. T. S.*

James Thomson Shotwell, Ph.D. Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City.

Necker (in part).

J. W.

James Williams, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D. All Souls’ Reader in Roman Law in the University of Oxford, and Fellow of Lincoln College.

Navigation Laws.

J. W.*

James Ward, LL.D. See the biographical article: Ward, James.

Naturalism.

Jno. W.

John Westlake, K.C., LL.D., D.C.L. Professor of International Law, Cambridge, 1888-1908. One of the Members for United Kingdom of International Court of Arbitration under the Hague Convention, 1900-1906. Author of A Treatise on Private International Law or the Conflict of Laws; Chapters on the Principles of International Law: part i. “Peace”; part ii. “War”.

Naturalization.

J. W. G.

John Walter Gregory, D.Sc., F.R.S. Professor of Geololgy at the University of Glasgow. Professor of Geology and Mineralogy in the university of Melbourne, 1900-1904. Author of The Dead Heart of Australia; &c.

New South Wales: Geology; New Zealand: Geology.

J. W. L. G.

James Whitbread Lee Glaisher, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Formerly President of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, and the Royal Astronomical Society. Editor of Messenger of Mathematics and the Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics.

Napier, John.

K. S.

Kathleen Schlesinger. Editor of the Portfolio of Musical Archaeology. Author of The Instruments of the Orchestra.

Musical Box; Nail Violin; Nay; Oboe (in part).

L. J. S.

Leonard James Spencer, M.A. . Assistant in Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the Mineralogical Magazine.

Muscovite; Nepheline; Niccolite.

L. R. F.

Lewis Richard Farnell, M.A., Litt.D. Fellow and Senior Tutor of Exeter College, Oxford. University Lecturer in Classical Archaeology; Wilde Lecturer in Comparative Religion. Corresponding Member of Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Author of Evolution of Religion; &c.

Mystery.

L. V.*

Luigi Villari. Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Dept.). Formerly Newspaper Correspondent in East of Europe. Italian Vice-Consul in New Orleans, 1906, Philadelphia, 1907, Boston, U.S.A., 1907-1910. Author of Italian Life in Town and Country; &c.

Naples, Kingdom of.

L. W. K.

Leonard William King, M.A., F.S.A. King’s College, Cambridge. Assistant in Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum; Lecturer in Assyrian at King’s College and London University. Author of The Seven Tablets of Creation; &c.

Nippur: The Deluge Fragment.

M. Ja.

Morris Jastrow, Ph.D. Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania. Author of Religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians; &c.

Nebo; Nergal; Ninib; Nusku; Oannes.

M. N. T.

Marcus Niebuhr Tod, M.A. Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College. Oxford. University Lecturer in Epigraphy. Joint-author of Catalogue of the Sparta Museum.

Nauarchia.

N.	The Rt. Hon. Lord Northcliffe. Founder of the Daily Mail; Chief Proprietor of The Times, and other papers and periodicals. Chairman of the Associated Newspapers, Ltd., and the Amalgamated Press, Ltd.

Newspapers: Price of Newspapers.

N. D. M.

Newton Dennison Mereness, A.M., Ph.D. Author of Maryland as a Proprietary Province.

New York (in part).

O. J. R. H.

Osbert John Radcliffe Howarth, M.A. Christ Church, Oxford. Geographical Scholar, 1901. Assistant Secretary of the British Association.

Norway: Geography and Statistics.

O. K.

Otto Krümmel, Ph.D. Professor of Geography in the University of Kiel, and Lecturer in the Imperial Navai Academy. Author of Handbuch der Ozeanographie, &c.

Ocean and Oceanography (in part).

P. A. K.

Prince Peter Alexeivitch Kropotkin. See the biographical article: Kropotkin, Prince P. A.

New Siberia Archipelago; Nikolayev (in part); Nizhniy-Novgorod (in part); Novgorod (in part).

P. G.

Percy Gardner, LL.D., Litt.D., F.S.A. See the biographical article; GARDNER, PERCY.

Myron.

P. Gi.

Peter Giles, M.A., LL.D., Litt.D. Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and University -Reader in Comparative Philology. Formerly Secretary of the Cambridge Philological Society. Author of Manual of Comparative Philology.

N; O.

P. G. K.

Paul George Konody. Art Critic of the Observer and the Daily Mail. Formerly Editor of The Artist. Author of The Art of Walter Crane; Velasquez, Life and Work; &c.

Neer, Van der (in part).

P. La.

Philip Lake, M.A., F.G.S. Lecturer on Physical and Regional Geography in Cambridge University. Formerly of the Geological Survey of India. Author of Monograph of British Cambrian Trilobites. Translator and Editor of Keyser’s Comparative Geology.

Norway: Physical Geography.

R. A. W.

Robert Alexander Wahab, C.B., C.M.G., C.I.E. Colonel, Royal Engineers. Formerly H.M. Commissioner, Aden Boundary Delimitation, and Superintendent, Survey of India. Served with Tirah Expeditionary Force, 1897-1898; Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission, Pamirs, 1895; &c.

Nejd.

R. C. T.

Sir Richard Carnac Temple, Bart., C.I.E. Lieut.-Colonel. Formerly Chief Commissioner, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Hon. Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Joint-author of Andamanese Language; &c.

Nicobar Islands.

R. G.

Richard Garnett, LL.D., D.C.L. See the biographical article: Garnett, Richard.

Newman, Francis William; Newton, Sir C. T.

R. J. M.

Ronald John Macneill, M.A. Christ Church, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law. Formerly Editor of the St James’s Gazette, London.

Murray, Lord George.

R. L.*

Richard Lydekker, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S. Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882. Author of Catalogue of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in British Museum; The Deer of All Lands; The Game Animals of Africa; &c.

Muntjac; Musk Ox; Mylodon.

R. La.

Robert Latouche. Archivist of the department of Tarn et Garonne. Author of Histoire du comté du Maine au X. et au XI. siècle.

Normandy.

R. N. B.

Robert Nisbet Bain (d. 1909). Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of Scandinavia: the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1513-1900; The First Romanovs, 1613-1725; Slavonic Europe: the Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1796; &c.

Nádasdy; Nansen, Hans; Nikon.

R. S. B.

Sir Robert Stawell Ball, F.R.S., LL.D. Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry, University of Cambridge. Director of the Cambridge Observatory and Fellow of King’s College. Royal Astronomer of Ireland, 1874—1892. Author of The Story of the Heavens; &c.

Nebular Theory.

R. S. P.

Reginald Stuart Poole, LL.D. See the biographical article: Poole, Reginald Stuart.

Numismatics (in part).

R. S. T.

Ralph Stockman Tarr. Professor of Physical Geography, Cornell University. Special Field Assistant of the U.S. Geological Survey. Author of Physical Geography of New York State.

New York (in part).

S. A. C.

Stanley Arthur Cook, M.A. Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, and formerly Fellow, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Editor for the Palestine Exploration Fund. Examiner in Hebrew and Aramaic, London University, 1904-1908. Council. of Royal Asiatic Society, 1904-1905. Author of Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions; The Law of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi; Critical Notes on Old Testament History; Religion of Ancient Palestine; &c.

Nabataeans (in part); Nazarite (in part).

St C.

Viscount St Cyres. See the biographical article, Iddesleigh, 1st Earl of.

Nicole.

S. H. V.*

Sydney Howard Vines, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.L.S. Professor of Botany in the University of Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College. Oxford. Hon. Fellow of Christ’s College, Cambridge. Fellow of the University of London. Author of Students Text Book of Botany; &c.

Naegeli.

S. K.

Sten Konow, Ph.D, Professor of Indian Philology in the University of Christiania. Officier de l’Académie Française. Author of Stamavidhana Brahmana; The Karpuramanjari; Munda and Dravindian.

Mundās.

S. N.

Simon Newcomb, D.Sc., LL.D. See the biographical article: Newcomb, Simon.

Neptune (Planet).

T. As.

Thomas Ashby, M.A., Litt.D. Director of British School of Archaeology at Rome. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1897. Conington Prizeman, 1906. Member of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Author of The Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna.

Nemorensis Lacus; Nepi; Nola; Nomentana, Via; Nomentum; Nora; Norba; Novara; Nuceria Alfaterna; Nuoro.

T. A. C.

Timothy Augustine Coghlan, I.S.O. Agent-General for New South Wales. Government Statistician, New South Wales 1836-1905. Author of Wealth and Progress of New South Wales; Statistical Account of Australia and New Zealand; &c.

New South Wales: Geography and Statistics.

T. A. I.

Thomas Allan Ingram, M.A., LL.D. Trinity College, Dublin.

Name: Law; Octroi.

T. A. J.

Thomas Athol Joyce, M.A. Assistant in Department of Ethnography, British Museum. Hon. Sec. Anthropological Society.

Negro (in part).

T. Ba.

Sir Thomas Barclay. Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the Supreme Council of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of Honour. Author of Problems of International Practice and Diplomacy; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.

Neutrality; North Sea Fisheries Convention.

T. F. C.

Theodore Freylinghuysen Collier, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of History, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.

Neo-Caesarea, Synod of.

T. H.

Thomas Hodgkin, LL.D., Litt.D. See the biographical article: Hodgkin, Thomas.

Narses (Roman General).

T. H. H.*

Sir Thomas Hungerford Holdich, K.C.M.G., K.C.I.E., D.Sc., F.R.S. Colonel in the Royal Engineers. Superintendent, Frontier Surveys, India, 1892-1898. Gold Medallist, R.G.S. (London), 1887. H.M. Commissioner for the Perso-Beluch Boundary, 1896. Author of The Indian Borderland; The Gates of India; &c.

Muscat; North-West Frontier Province.

T. M. L.

Rev. Thomas Martin Lindsay, M.A., D.D. Principal and Professor of Church History, United Free Church College, Glasgow. Author of Life of Luther; &c.

Occam, William of.

T. W. R. D.

Thomas William Rhys Davids, LL.D., Ph.D. Professor of Comparative Religion, Manchester University. President of the Pali Text Society. Fellow of the British Academy. Secretary and Librarian of Royal Asiatic Society, 1885-1902. Author of Buddhism; Sacred Books of the Buddhists; Early Buddhism; Buddhist India; Dialogues of the Buddha; &c.

Nāgārjuna; Nikāya.

V. M.

Victor Charles Mahillon. Principal of the Conservatoire Royal de Musique at Brussels. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.

Oboe (in part).

W. A. B. C.

Rev. William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge, M.A., F.R.G.S., Ph.D. (Bern), Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, St David’s College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of Guide du Haut Dauphiné; The Range of the Tödi; Guide to Grindelwald; Guide to Switzerland: The Alps in Nature and in History; &c. Editor of The Alpine Journal, 1880-1881; &c.

Neuchâtel.

W. A. P.

Walter Alison Phillips, M.A. Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St John’s College, Oxford. Author of Modern Europe; &c.

Murat, Joachim; Nibelungenlied; Nicholas I..

W. Bl.

William Blain, C.B. (d. 1908). Principal Clerk and First Treasury Officer of Accounts, 1903-1908.

National Debt: Conversions (in part).

W. Cr.

Walter Crane. See the biographical article: Crane, Walter.

Mural Decoration (in part).

W. E. G.

Sir William Edmund Garstin, G.C.M.G. Governing Director, Suez Canal Co. Formerly Inspector-General of Irrigation, Egypt. Adviser to the Ministry of Public Works in Egypt, 1904-1908.

Nile (in part).

W. F. C.

William Feilden Craies, M.A. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law, King’s College, London. Editor of Archbold’s Criminal Pleading (23rd edition).

Nonfeasance; Obscenity.

W. F. R.

William Fiddian Reddaway, M.A. Censor of Non-Collegiate Students, Cambridge. Fellow and Lecturer of King’s College. Author of “Scandinavia,” in Vol. xi. of the Cambridge Modern History.

Norway: History, 1397-1814.

W. F. W.

Walter Francis Willcox, LL.B., PH.D. Chief Statistician, United States Census Bureau. Professor of Social Science and Statistics, Cornell University.Member of the American Social Science Association and Secretary of the American Economical Association. Author of The Divorce Problem: A Study in Statistics; Social Statistics of the United States; &c.

Negro (United States).

W. G.*

Walcot Gibson, D.Sc., F.G.S. H.M. Geological Survey. Author of The Gold-Bearing Rocks of the S. Transvaal; Mineral Wealth of Africa; The Geology of Coal and Coal-mining; &c.

Natal: Geology.

W. H. Be.

Rev. William Henry Bennett, M.A., D.D., D.Litt. Professor of Old Testament Exegesis in New and Hackney Colleges, London. Formerly Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge; Lecturer in Hebrew at Firth College, Sheffield. Author of Religion of the Post-Exilic Prophets; &c.

Nimrod; Noah.

W. H. F.

Sir William Henry Flower, F.R.S. See the biographical article; FLOWER, SIR W. H.

Narwhal.

W. H. P.

Walter Herries Pollock, M.A. Trinity College, Cambridge. Editor of Saturday Review, 1883-1894. Author of Lectures on French Poets; Impressions of Henry Irving; &c.

Musset, Alfred de.

W. J. H.

William Jacob Holland, A.M., D.D., LL.D., D.Sc., Ph.D. Director of the Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg. President of the American Association of Museums, 1907-1909. Editor of Annals and Memoirs of Carnegie Museum.

Museums of Science.

W. L. F.

Walter Lynwood Fleming, A.M., Ph.D. Professor of History in Louisiana State University. Author of Documentary History of Reconstruction; &c.

Nullification.

W. L. G.

William Lawson Grant, M.A. Professor of Colonial History, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada. Formerly Beit Lecturer in Colonial History, Oxford University. Editor of Acts of the Privy Council (Canadian Series).

New Brunswick (Canada).

W. Mo.

William Morris. See the biographical article: Morris, William.

Mural Decoration (in part).

W. M. D.

William Morris Davis, D.SC., Ph.D. Professor of Geology in Harvard University. Formerly Professor of Physical Geography. Author of Physical Geography; &c.

North America.

W. M. R.

William Michael Rossetti. See the biographical article: Rossetti, Dante G.

Murillo.

W. O. M.

William O'Connor Morris (d. 1904). Formerly judge of County Courts, Ireland; and Professor of Law to the King’s Inns, Dublin. Author of Great Commanders of Modern Times; Irish History; Ireland, 1798-1898; &c.

O'Connell, Daniel.

W. P. R.

The Hon. William Pember Reeves. Director of London School of Economics. Agent-General and High Commissioner for New Zealand, 1896-1909. Minister of Education, Labour, and Justice, New Zealand, 1891-1896. Author of The Long White Cloud: a History of New Zealand. &c.

New Zealand.

W. R. E. H.

William Richard Eaton Hodgkinson, Ph.D., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.C.S. Professor of Chemistry and Physics, Ordnance College, Woolwich. Formerly Professor of Chemistry and Physics, R.M.A., Woolwich. Part-author of Valentin-Hodgkinson’s Practical Chemistry; &c.

Nitroglycerin.

W. R. M.

William Richard Morfill, M.A. (d. 1910). Formerly Professor of Russian and other Slavonic Languages in the University of Oxford. Curator of the Taylorian Institution, Oxford. Author of Russia; Slavonic Literature; &c.

Nestor.

W. R. M.*

William Robert Martin. Captain, R.N. Formerly Lecturer at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. Author of Treatise on Navigation and Nautical Astronomy; &c.

Navigation.

W. R. S.

William Robertson Smith, LL.D. See the biographical article: Smith, William Robertson.

Nabataeans (in part);
Nazarite (in part);
Numeral;
Obadiah (in part).

W. S. M.

William Symington M‘Cormick, M.A., LL.D. Secretary to the Carnegie Trust of the Scottish Universities. Formerly Professor of English, University College, Dundee. Author of Lectures on Literature; &c.

Occleve.

W. T. A.

Walter Tallmadge Arndt, M.A.

New York (in part).

W. W. R.*

William Walker Rockwell, Lic.Theol. Assistant Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York.

Nîmes, Councils of.

PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES

Munich. Murad. Muratori. Mushroom. Mutilation. Mysore. Narcissus. Narcotics. Nashville. Nassau. Nebraska. Nevada. New Caledonia.

Newcastle, Dukes of. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. New England. New Guinea. New Hampshire. New Hebrides. New Jersey. New Mexico. New Orleans. New York City. Ney. Niam-Niam. Nicaragua.

Nice. Nickel. Nightingale, Florence. Nîmes. Nitro-Compounds. Nitrogen. Norfolk, Earls and Dukes of. Norfolk. Northampton, Earls and Marquesses of. Northamptonshire. North Carolina.

North Dakota. Northumberland, Earls and Dukes of. Northumberland. Norwich. Nottingham. Nottinghamshire. Novaya Zemlya. Nuremberg. Nursing. Nut. Oak. Oates, Titus.

1. A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume