1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wauters, Emile

WAUTERS, EMILE (1848), Belgian painter, was born in Brussels, 1848. Successively the pupil of Portaels and Gerome, he produced in 1868 “The Battle of Hastings: the Finding of the body of Harold by Edith,” a work of striking, precocious talent. A journey was made to Italy, but that the study of the old masters in no wise affected his individuality was proved by “The Great Nave of St Mark’s” (purchased by the king of the Belgians). As his youth disqualified him for the medal of the Brussels Salon, which otherwise would have been his, he was sent, by way of compensation, by the minister of fine arts, as artist-delegate to Suez for the opening of the canal—a visit that was fruitful later on. In 1870, when he was yet only twenty-two years of age, Wauters exhibited his great historical picture of “Mary of Burgundy entreating the Sheriffs of Ghent to pardon the Councillors Hugonet and Humbercourt” (Liége Museum) which created a veritable furore, an impression which was confirmed the following year at the London International Exhibition. It was eclipsed by the celebrated “Madness of Hugo van der Goes” (1872, Brussels Museum), a picture which led to the commission for the two large works decorating the Lions’ staircase of the Hôtel de Ville—“Mary of Burgundy swearing to respect the Communal Rights of Brussels, 1477” and “The Armed Citizens of Brussels demanding the Charta from Duke John IV. of Brabant.” His other large compositions comprise “Sobieski and his Staff before Besieged Vienna” (Brussels Museum) and the harvest of a journey to Spain and Tangiers, “The Great Mosque,” and “Serpent Charmers of Sokko,” and a souvenir of his Egyptian travel, “Cairo, from the Bridge of Kasrel-Nil” (Antwerp Museum). His vast panorama—probably the noblest and most artistic work of this class ever produced—“Cairo and the Banks of the Nile” (1881), 380 ft. by 49 ft., executed in six months, was exhibited with extraordinary success in Brussels, Munich, and the Hague. Wauters is equally eminent as a portraitist, in his earliest period exhibiting, as in his pictures, sober qualities and subtle grip, but later on developing into the whole range of a brilliant, forceful palette, and then into brighter and more delicate colours, encouraged thereto, in his more recent work, by his adoption of pastel as a medium even for life-size portraits, mainly of ladies. His portraits, numbering over two hundred, include many of the greatest names in Belgium, France, and America (Wauters having for some years made Paris his chief home). Among these may be named the Baron Goffinet, the Baroness Goffinet, Madame Somzée (standing at a piano). Master Somzée (on horseback by the sea-shore), the Princess Clementine of Belgium (Brussels Museum), Lady Edward Sassoon, Baron de Bleichroder, Princess de Ligne, Miss Lorillard, a likeness of the artist in the Dresden Museum, and M. Schollaert (president of the Chamber of Deputies)—the last named an amazing example of portraiture, instinct with character and vitality. The vigour of his male, and the grace and elegance of his female, portraits are unsurpassable, the resemblance perfect and the technical execution such as to place the artist in the front rank. Between 1889 and 1900 the painter contributed to the Royal Academy of London. Few artists have received such a succession of noteworthy distinctions and recognitions. His “Hugo van der Goes,” the work of a youth of twenty-four, secured the grand medal of the Salon. He has been awarded no fewer than six “medals of honour”—at Paris in 1878 and 1889; Munich, 1879; Antwerp, 1885; Vienna, 1888; and Berlin, 1883. He is a member of the academy of Belgium, and honorary member of the Vienna, Berlin, and Munich academies, and corresponding member of the Institut de France and of that of Madrid. He has received the order of merit of Prussia, and is Commander of the order of Leopold, and of that of St Michael of Bavaria, officer of the Legion of Honour, &c.

See M. H. Spielmann, Magazine of Art (1887); A. J. Wauters, Magazine of Art (1894); Joseph Anderson, Pall Mall Magazine (1896); G. Seraé (Wauters as a Painter of Architecture) Architectural Record (1901).  (M. H. S.)