A Grammar of the Persian Language/Of the Letters

by William Jones

Layout 2

کتاب‎

شکر ستان‎

در تصریف ونحو پارسي‎

A

Grammar

of the

Persian Language.

---

---

 

Of the Letters.

1. The learner is supposed to be acquainted with the common terms of Grammar, and to know that the Persians write their characters from the right hand to the left.

2. There are thirty-two Persian letters.

V.				IV.	III.	II.	I.
EXEMPLIFICATIONS.				FINALS.		INITIALS and MEDIALS.
Final Unconnect.	Final connect.	Med.	Init.	Connected.	Unconnected.	Connected.	Unconnected.	Power.	Name.
									Oriental.	English.
ذا‎ or	با‎	بار‎	ابر‎	ﺍ‎	ﺍ‎	ﺎ‎	ﺍ‎	a	الف‎	alif
اب‎	شب‎	صبر‎	بر‎	ﺐ‎	ﺏ‎	ﺒ‎	ﺑ‎	b	بي‎ or با‎	bā or bē
تاپ‎	چپ‎	سپر‎	پر‎	ﭗ‎	ﭖ‎	ﭙ‎	ﭘ‎	p	پي‎	pē
مات‎	دست‎	ستر‎	تپ‎	ﺖ‎	ﺕ‎	ﺘ‎	ﺗ‎	ṭ	تا تي‎	tā tē
روث‎	عبث‎	بثر‎	شور‎	ﺚ‎	ﺙ‎	ﺜ‎	ﺛ‎	th or ṣ	ثا ثي‎	thā, tē, or ṣe
تاج‎	کج‎	شجر‎	جبر‎	ﺞ‎	ﺝ‎	ﺠ‎	ﺟ‎	j	جیم‎	jīm
پوچ‎	هیچ‎	بچه‎	چپ‎	ﭻ‎	ﭺ‎	ﭽ‎	ﭼ‎	ch	چیم چي‎	chīm chē

V.				IV.	III.	II.	I.
exemplifications.				finals.		initials and medials.
Final Unconnect.	Final connect.	Med.	Init.	Connected	Unconnected	Connected	Unconnected	Power	Name
									Oriental.	English.
جاط‎ or	جط‎	بطن‎	طي‎	ـط‎	ط‎	طـ‎	ظ‎	طا‎	tō

3. The second and fourth columns of these letters, counting from the right hand, are used only when they are connected with a preceding letter ; as, محمّد‎ Muhammad. Every letter may be connected with that which follows it, except these seven; ا‎ alif, د‎ dāl, ذ‎ zāl, ر‎ rē, ز‎ zē, ژ‎ jē, and و‎ wāw, which are never joined to the following letter, as will appear from the words برگ‎ barg, a leaf; داوري‎ dāvarī, a dominion.

Though the true pronunciation of these letters can be learned only from the mouth of a Persian or an Indian, yet it will be proper to add a few observations upon the most remarkable of them.

OF THE CONSONANTS. حُرُوفِ تَهَجِّي‎

4. The consonants ا‎,و‎, and ي‎, occasionally become quiescent, as will be explained hereafter. ا‎, when a consonant,