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THE

CABINET

OF

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

CONDUCTED BY THE

REV. DIONYSIUS LARDNER, LL. D. F. R. S. L. & E.
M. R. I. A. F. R. Ast. S. F. L. S. F. Z. S. Hon. F. C. P. S. &c. &c.

ASSISTED BY
EMINENT LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC MEN.


A PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE

ON

THE STUDY OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

BY

J. F. W. HERSCHEL, ESQ. M. A.
OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.


LONDON:

PRINTED FOR
LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, AND GREEN
PATERNOSTER-ROW;
AND JOHN TAYLOR,
UPPER GOWER STREET.

1831.

London:

Printed by A. & R Spottiswoode,
New-Street-Square.

August, 1831.

VALUABLE

STANDARD WORKS,

printed for

LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, AND GREEN,

London.


A NEW GENERAL ATLAS of FIFTY-THREE MAPS, with the Divisions and Boundaries carefully coloured; constructed entirely from New Drawings, and engraved by Sidney Hall. In Seventeen Parts, any of which may be had separately, 10s. 6d. each.

l. s. d.
Folded in half, bound in cloth 8 18 6
Ditto half-bd. in Russia 9 9 0
In the full size, half-bd., in Russia 10 0 0
Ditto, Proofs on India paper, hf.-bd. Russia 14 5 0

"We have taken some pains to examine this new Atlas, and we can safely state our conviction of its general superiority to all other Atlases."—Sphynx (conducted by J. S. Buckingham, esq.).

"The best and most recent authorities are in all cases consulted, and the maps are engraved in a masterly manner.New Monthly Mag.

For other favourable opinions of this Atlas, references may be made to the Literary Gazette, Gentleman's Magazine, John Bull, Atlas, Globe, &c.


An ALPHABETICAL INDEX of all the NAMES contained in the above ATLAS, with references to the Number of the Maps, and the Latitude and Longitude in which the Places are to be found. Royal 8vo. 21s. in cloth.

The Proprietors, being desirous of rendering the Atlas the most perfect of its kind extant, supply this volume at the cost price.


A SYSTEM of UNIVERSAL GEOGRAPHY. By M. Malte Brun, Editor of the "Annales des Voyages." Parts 1 to 16, price 7s. 6d. each.

"Infinitely superior to any thing of its class which has ever appeared."—Literary Gazette.


In the Press,

The NINTH and LAST VOLUME; containing the Description of ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND; and a copious GENERAL INDEX.

It has been found necessary to have the department of Great Britain entirely re-written for the English Edition, on a scale commensurate with the importance which the English reader attaches to this portion of Geography.


The EDINBURGH GAZETTEER, or COMPENDIOUS GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, brought down to the present time; forming a complete body of Geography, Physical, Political, Statistical, and Commercial. Abridged from the larger work in 6 vols. 2nd Edit, in 1 large vol. 8vo. (with Maps,) 18s. boards.


The EDINBURGH GAZETTEER or GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, brought down to the Present Time. 6 vols. 8vo. 5l. 5s. boards.


Also, as an Accompaniment to the above Works,

A NEW GENERAL ATLAS, constructed by A. Arrowsmith, Hydrographer to the King, from the latest Authorities; comprehended in Fifty-four Maps, including the recent Discoveries. In royal quarto, price 1l. 16s. half-bd. or coloured, 2l. 12s. 6d.


HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.


ARCHDEACON COXE'S HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS.

MEMOIRS of the ADMINISTRATION of the Right Hon. HENRY PELHAM, collected from the Family Papers, and other Authentic Documents. By the Rev. W. Coxe, M. A. F. R. S. F. S. A. Archdeacon of Wilts. In 2 vols. 4to. with Portraits, 5l. 5s.

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MEMOIRS of JOHN, DUKE of MARLBOROUGH. In 6 vols. 8vo. with an Atlas, 5l. 5s.

MEMOIRS of HORATIO LORD WALPOLE. 2d Edit. In 2 vols. 8vo. 1l. 6s.

MEMOIRS of the KINGS of SPAIN of the HOUSE of BOURBON, from the Accession of Philip the Fifth to the Death of Charles the Third, 1700–1788. 2d Edit. In 5 vols. 8vo. 3l. bds.

HISTORY of the HOUSE of AUSTRIA, from the Foundation of the Monarchy, by Rodolph of Hapsburgh, to the Death of Leopold II. 1218 to 1792. 5 vols. 8vo. Price 3l. 13s. 6d. bds.


MR. SHARON TURNER'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

The HISTORY of ENGLAND, from the earliest Period to the Death of Elizabeth. By Sharon Turner, F. A. S. R. A. S. L. In 12 vols. 8vo. Price 8l. 3s. bds.

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The HISTORY of the ANGLO-SAXONS, comprising the History of England from the earliest Period to the Norman Conquest. 5th Edit. 3 vols. 8vo. 2l. 5s. bds.

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The HISTORY of THUCYDIDES; newly translated into English, and illustrated with very copious Annotations, &c. By the Rev. S. T. Bloomfield, D. D., Vicar of Bisbrooke, in Rutland, &c. Author of "Recensio Synoptica Annotationis Sacræ," and Editor of a new edition of Thucydides (in the Original), with Notes critical and explanatory. In 3 vols. 8vo. with Maps, &c. 2l. 5s.

"The general reader is here furnished with a version of the most eminent of the historians of Greece, as literal and as perspicuous as erudition and industry combined can render it.Eclectic Review.


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MEMOIRS of the COURT of QUEEN ELIZABETH. By Lucy Aikin. In 2 vols. 8vo. with a Portrait, from the rare Print by Crispin de Passe. 6th Edit. 1l. 5s. boards.

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MEMOIRS of the COURT of JAMES the FIRST. In 2 vols. 8vo. 3d Edit. 1l. 4s.

ANNALS of the REIGN of GEORGE the THIRD. By John Aikin, M. D. In 2 vols. 8vo. a new Edition, brought down to the Period of his Majesty's decease, price 1l. 5s. boards.

The HISTORY of the CRUSADES, for the Recovery and Possession of the HOLY LAND. By Charles Mills, Esq. In 2 vols. 8vo. 4th Edit, with a Portrait and Memoir of the Author. Price 1l. 5s.

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A MEMOIR of the LIFE, WRITINGS, and CORRESPONDENCE of JAMES CURRIE, M. D., F. R. S., of Liverpool. Edited by his Son, William W allace Currie.—2 vols. 8vo. with Portrait, 28s. bds.

THE HISTORY of the REIGN of GEORGE III. By Robert Bissett, LL. D., Author of "The Life of Burke," &c. &c. A new edition, completed to the Death of the King, 6 vols. 8vo. Price 3l. 3s. boards.

The HISTORY of ROMAN LITERATURE, from its Earliest Period to the end of the Augustan Age. By John Dunlop, Esq. 3 vols. 2l. 7s. 6d. bds.

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THE HISTORY of FICTION. 3 vols. post 8vo., 2l. 2s. boards.

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MR. HUNT'S ARCHITECTURAL WORKS.

EXEMPLARS of TUDOR ARCHITECTURE, adapted to Modern Habitations: with illustrative Details, selected from Ancient Edifices; and Observations on the Furniture of the Tudor Period. By T. F. Hunt, Architect. Royal 4to. with 37 Plates, 2l. 2s.; or with India Proofs, 3l. 3s.

"Whoever wishes to 'talk cunninglie' of old houses and old furniture, should consult this volume ."—Literary Gazette.

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TRAVELS, VOYAGES, TOPOGRAPHY, ETC.

Sir EDWARD SEAWARD'S NARRATIVE of his SHIPWRECK, and CONSEQUENT DISCOVERY of CERTAIN ISLANDS in the CARIBBEAN SEA. With a Detail of many Extraordinary and Highly-interesting Events in his Life, from the year 1733 to 1749, as written in his own Diary. Edited by Miss Jane Porter. 3 vols. post 8vo. 1l. 11s. 6d. bds.

"The most delightful work which the present season has produced. It is a new Robinson Crusoe, inspired with a more tender and touching interest, and carried on into circumstances of extraordinary excitement."—Atlas.

TRAVELS in RUSSIA, and a Residence at St. Petersburgh and Odessa, in the Years 1827-29; intended to give some account of Russia as it is, and not as it is represented to be, &c. By Edward Morton, M. B., &c. 8vo. 14s. bds.

The GUIDE to all the WATERING and SEA-BATHING PLACES, including the Scotch Watering Places; containing full and accurate Descriptions of each Place, and the Environs. With a Description of the Lakes, and a Tour through Wales. In a thick 18mo. volume, illustrated by 94 Views and Maps, price 15s. bound.

The ORIGINAL PICTURE of LONDON, corrected to the present time; re-edited, and mostly written, by J. Britton, F. S. A. &c. With upwards of 100 Views of Public Buildings, a large Plan of all the Streets, &c. of the Metropolis and Suburbs, a Map of the Country twenty miles round London, and a Plan of the Situation of the Squares, Public Buildings, &c. 9s.; with the Maps only, 6s. bound.

JOURNAL of a RESIDENCE in GERMANY, written during a Professional Attendance upon their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Clarence (their present most gracious Majesties), during their Visits to the Courts of that Country in 1822, 1825, and 1826. By William Beattie, M. D. &c. 2 vols. post 8vo. 21s. bds.

"We do not remember to have ever perused a Traveller's Journal more replete with novel and amusing topics."—New Monthly Mag.

RECOLLECTIONS of the PENINSULA, containing Sketches of the Manners and Character of the Spanish Nation. 5th Edition. 1 vol. 8vo. 10s. 6d. boards.

"It is scarcely possible to open the book without seeing useful and lively remarks, or descriptions indescribably descriptive."—Monthly Review.

By the same Author,

SKETCHES OF INDIA. By a Traveller. For Fire-side Travellers at Home. 4th Edition. 1 vol. 8vo. 9s. boards.

NOTES and REFLECTIONS during a RAMBLE in GERMANY. New Edition. 1 vol. 8vo. 12s. bds.

SCENES and IMPRESSIONS in EGYPT and ITALY. 1 vol. 8vo. 12s. boards. 3d Edit.

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A SPINSTER'S TOUR in FRANCE, the STATES of GENOA, &c. during the Year 1827. 12mo. 10s. 6d. bds.

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A VOYAGE TOWARDS THE SOUTH POLE; containing an Examination of the Antarctic Sea, to the Seventy-Fourth Degree of Latitude. By James Weddell, Master of the Royal Navy. 2d Edit. 8vo. with Plates, &c. Price 18s. bds.

"Mr. Weddell's volume deserves to find a place on the shelf of every library that pretends to a collection of Voyages and Travels."—Quarterly Review.

NARRATIVE of a TOUR through the MOREA, giving an Account of the present State of that Peninsula and its Inhabitants, including a View and Description of the j Port of Navarino. By Sir William Gell. In 8vo., with Plates, Wood Cuts, &c. Price 15s. bds.


MR. LOUDON'S WORKS ON GARDENING, AGRICULTURE, &c. &c.


HORTUS BRITANNICUS; a Catalogue of all the Plants Indigenous, Cultivated in, or Introduced to Britain.

Part I. The Linnæan Arrangement, in which nearly 30,000 Species are enumerated: preceded by an Introduction.—Part II. The Jussieuean Arrangement of nearly 4000 Genera; with an Introduction to the Natural System, and a Description of each Order. Edited by J. C. Loudon, F. L. H. G. and Z. S. In 8vo. price 1l. Is. boards.

The Linnæan Arrangement and its Supplement are entirely the work of Mr. George Don; the Natural Arrangement is founded on that of Professor Lindley, with Additions and Alterations; and Dr. Greville assisted in arranging the Cryptogamia.

The MAGAZINE of NATURAL HISTORY, and JOURNAL of ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, MINERALOGY, GEOLOGY, and METEOROLOGY. In 8vo. Nos. 1 to 20. (Continued every Two Months, alternately with the "Gardener's Magazine.") 3s. 6d. each.

Also Yols. I., II., and III., price 2l. 17s., bds.

The Drawings by Sowerby, Harvey, and Strutt; and the Engravings on Wood, by Branston.

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An ENCYCLOPÆDIA of PLANTS; comprising the Description, Specific Character, Culture, History, &c. of all the Plants Indigenous, Cultivated in, or Introduced to Britain. Edited by J. C. Loudon, F. L. S. H. S., &c.

The Specific Characters, &c. by Lindley; the Drawings by Sowerby; and the Engravings by Branston. In 1 large vol. 8vo., with nearly 10,000 Engravings on Wood, price 4l. 14s. 6d. bds.; in 9 separate Parts, 10s. 6d. each; or in 36 Nos. 2s. 6d. each.

An ENCYCLOPÆDIA of GARDENING; comprising the Theory and Practice of Horticulture, Floriculture, Arboriculture, and Landscape Gardening. 1 large vol. 8vo. with upwards of 700 Engravings on Wood, 2l. bds.

An ENCYCLOPÆDIA of AGRICULTURE; comprising the Theory and Practice of the Valuation, Transfer, Laying-out, Improvement, and Management of Landed Property; the Cultivation and Economy of the Animal and Vegetable Productions of Agriculture; a General History of Agriculture; a Statistical View of its Present State, &c. New edition, in 1 large vol. 8vo. illustrated with upwards of 1100 Engravings on Wood, by Branston, 2l. 10s. boards.

No pains have been spared to render this edition as perfect as possible. The Publishers have gone to the expense of nearly 500 new Engravings, nearly half of which are new subjects; the co-operation of upwards of forty individuals has also been procured, and their suggestions have embraced almost every department of the work.


PROFESSOR FLAXMAN'S ILLUSTRATIONS.

A SERIES of 75 COMPOSITIONS to illustrate the ILIAD and ODYSSEY of HOMER, with Descriptions of their subjects, and extracts from Pope's translation, upon each plate. The dresses, habits, armour, implements of war, &c., are all of Classical authority. By Professor Flaxman. 2 vols. 2l. 2s. each.

1. A SERIES of 111 COMPOSITIONS to illustrate DANTE. 4l. 4s. bds.

2. A SERIES of COMPOSITIONS to illustrate HESIOD. Folio, 2l. 12s. 6d. bds.

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MR. BRITTON'S ARCHITECTURAL WORKS.


A DICTIONARY of the ARCHITECTURE and ARCHÆOLOGY of the MIDDLE AGES; including the Words used by Old and Modern Authors, in treating of Architectural and other Antiquities, &c.; Part I., with 12 Engravings by J. Le Keux. The volume will contain at least 40 Engravings, and be completed in Four Parts, in the year 183l. Price, royal 8vo. 12s. each; medium 4to. 21s.; imperial 4to. 31s. 6d. Prospectuses may be had of the Publishers.

By the same Author,

PICTURESQUE ANTIQUITIES of the ENGLISH CITIES; containing 60 Engravings by Le Keux, &c., and 24 Woodcuts of Ancient Buildings, Street Architecture, Bars, Castles, &c., with Historical and Descriptive Accounts of the Subjects, and of the Characteristic Features of each City. By John Britton, F. S. A., &c. In 1 vol. elegantly half bound, price 7l. 4s. medium 4to.; 12l. imperial 4to., with Proofs of the Plates.

The Sixth and concluding Number, containing Views in Gloucester, Rochester, Chichester, Wells, Bristol, Norwich, Hereford, Worcester, Coventry, London, &c.,is just published.

The HISTORY and ILLUSTRATION of REDCLIFFE CHURCH, BRISTOL; with 12 Plates. Royal 8vo. 16s.; imp. 4to. 1l. 11s. 6d.

The ARCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES of GREAT BRITAIN. In 4 vols. med. 4to. 21l.; or imp. 4to. 32l. half bound.

CHRONOLOGICAL and HISTORICAL ILLUSTRATIONS of the ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE of GREAT BRITAIN. By J. Britton, F. S. A. &c., price 6l. 12s. small paper, and 11l. large paper.

To correspond with the "Architectural Antiquities," of which this work forms the Fifth Volume.

The Architectural Antiquities may be purchased in 10 separate Parts, boards, Two Guineas each. Parts XI. and XII. at 2l. 8s. each; and Part XIII., which completes the Fifth Vol., or Chronological Series, 1l. 16s.

The CATHEDRAL ANTIQUITIES of ENGLAND; or, an Historical, Architectural, and Graphical Illustration of the English Cathedral Churches. Price 12s. per No. in med. 4to.; and 1l. in imperial 4to.; 49 Nos. are already published. Each size to class with the Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain.

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Peterborough, with 17 Plates, med. 4to. 1l. 18s.; imp. 4to. 3l. 3s.

Gloucester, with 22 Engravings, med. 4to. 2l. 10s.; imp. 4to. 4l. 4s.

Bristol, with 14 Engravings, med. 4to. 1l. 4s.; imp. 4to. 2l. 2s.

Hereford and Worcester Cathedrals are in preparation, and will be comprised in 3 Nos. to each.

Of the above Works, a small number of copies are printed on super royal folio, with Proofs, and with Proofs and Etchings of the Plates.

The HISTORY and ANTIQUITIES of BATH ABBEY CHURCH, with 10 Engravings, by J. and H. Le Keux. Royal 8vo. 1l.; med. 4to. 1l. 11s. 6d.; imp. 4to. 2l. 2s.


MISCELLANEOUS.

TRADITIONS of LANCASHIRE. By J. Roby, Esq. M. R. S. L. 2d Edit. 2 vols. demy 8vo., with 12 Plates by Finden, and numerous Wood-cuts. 2l. 2s. bds.

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BOOK RARITIES in the UNIVERSITY of CAMBRIDGE. Illustrated by Original Letters and Notes, Biographical, Literary, and Antiquarian. By the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne, M. A. 1 vol. 8vo. numerous Wood-cuts, 1l. 11s. Gd. bds.

PLAIN INSTRUCTIONS to EXECUTORS and ADMINISTRATORS, shewing the Duties and Responsibilities incident to the due Performance of their Trusts; with Directions respecting the Probate of Wills, and taking out Letters of Administration, &c. &c. In 8vo. 3d Edition, enlarged, 8s. bds.

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By the same Author,

SERMONS on SEVERAL SUBJECTS. 8th Edit., 10s. 6d. bds.

SERMONS. By Ralph Wardlaw, D. D. Glasgow. 8vo. 12s. bds.

By the same Author,

DISCOURSES on the principal parts of the SOCINIAN CONTROVERSY. 8vo. 15s. bds. 4th Edit, much enlarged.

The PRINCIPLES of CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY. By John Burns, M. D. &c. 3d Edit. 12mo. 7s. bds.

LITERARY RECOLLECTIONS. By the Rev. R. Warner, F. A. S. 2 vols. 8vo. 26s. bds.

SOCIAL LIFE in ENGLAND and FRANCE, from the French Revolution of 1789 to that of 1830. By the Editor of Madame du Deffand's Letters. 8vo. 7s. bds.

By the same Author,

A COMPARATIVE VIEW of the SOCIAL LIFE of ENGLAND and FRANCE, from the Restoration of Charles the Second to the French Revolution of 1789. 8vo. 13s. bds.

SUBSTANCE of SEVERAL COURSE of LECTURES on MUSIC, read in the University of Oxford, and in the Metropolis. By Wm. Crotch, Mus. Doc. Prof. Mus. Oxon. Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. bds.

LACON; or, MANY THINGS in FEW WORDS. By the Rev. C. C. Colton, late Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Vicar of Kew and Petersham. A new Edition, 2 vols. 8vo. 14s. bds.

A TREATISE on the STEAM ENGINE; Historical, Practical, and Descriptive. By John Farey, Engineer. 4to. illustrated by numerous Wood-cuts, and 25 Copper-plates, engraved by Wilson Lowry, from Draw-j ings by Messrs. Farey. 5l. 5s. bds.

Vol. II. is in the press.

The SHIP MASTER'S ASSISTANT, and OWNER'S MANUAL; containing general Information necessary for Merchants, Owners, and Masters of Ships, Officers, &c. By David Steele, Esq. A new Edition, brought down to August, 1830. The Commercial Department by Dr. Kelly; and the Legal Department by a Professional Gentleman. In 1 thick volume, closely printed, with Maps, Plates, &c. 21s. bds. or 22s. 6d. bound.

The MISCELLANEOUS PROSE WORKS of SIR WALTER SCOTT, Bart., now first collected. 6 vols. 8vo. 3l. 12s. bds.

The MEDICAL GUIDE: for the Use of the Clergy, Heads of Families and Seminaries, and Junior Practitioners. By Richard Reece, M. D. &c. A new Edition, being the Fifteenth, considerably enlarged. 12s. bds.


WORKS ON BOTANY. GARDENING, &c.


The ENGLISH FLORA. By Sir J. E. Smith, M. D. F. R. S. Pres. Lin. Soc. &c. New Edit., in 4 vols. 8vo. 2l. 8s.

"These volumes are composed with an intimate knowledge of the subject, with an undeviating aim at accuracy, and with an invariable respect for candour and for truth ."—Monthly Review.

By the same Author,

A COMPENDIUM of the ENGLISH FLORA. 12mo. 7s. 6d.

The same Work in Latin. Price 7s. 6d. Fifth Edit.

A GRAMMAR of BOTANY, illustrative of artificial, as well as natural Classification, with an explanation of Jussieu's System. In 8vo. with 277 Figures of Plants, &c. 2d Edit. 12s.; or coloured Plates, 1l. 11s. 6d. bds.

An INTRODUCTION to the STUDY of PHYSIOLOGICAL and SYSTEMATICAL BOTANY. In 8vo. 6th Edit, with 15 Plates, 14s. plain; or coloured, 1l. 8s. bds.

A GUIDE to the ORCHARD and KiTCHEN-GARDEN; or, an Account of the most valuable Fruit and Vegetables cultivated in Great Britain: with Calendars of the Work required in the Orchard and Kitchen-Garden during every Month in the Year. By George Lindley, C. M. H. S. Edited by John Lindley, F. R. S. &c. Assistant Secretary to the Horticultural Society of London. 1 large volume, 8vo. 16s. bds.

An INTRODUCTION to the NATURAL SYSTEM of BOTANY; or, a Systematic View of the whole Vegetable Kingdom: together with the Uses of the most important Species in Medicine, the Arts, &c. By John Lindley, F. R. S. &c. 8vo. 12s. in cloth.

By the same Author,

A SYNOPSIS of the BRITISH FLORA, arranged according to the Natural Orders. 12mo. 10s. 6d. bds.

OUTLINE of the FIRST PRINCIPLES of Botany, with Plates, 3s.

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