An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language/S

by Alexander MacBain

S

-sa -se, -san, emphatic pronominal particle attached to personal pronouns and to nouns preceded by the possessive pronouns: mi-se, I myself, thu-sa, sibh-se, i-se (she), e-san, iad-san; mo cheann-sa, a cheann-san, his head. So also modern Ir., save that esan is ésean: O. Ir. -sa, -se (1st pers.), su, -so, pl. -si (2nd pers.), -som, -sem (3rd pers. m. and n., sing., and pl.), -si (3rd pers. f.). All are cases of the pronominal root so-, -se; Gr. ὁ, the (= σο); Ag. S. se, the (m.), Eng. she. See so, sin.

sabaid, a brawl, fight; see tabaid:

Sàbaid, Sabbath, Ir. Sabóid, M. Ir. sapoit; from Lat. sabbatum, whence Eng. sabbath; from Hebrew shabbáth.

sabh, sorrel, Ir. samh; better samh, q.v.

sabh, ointment, salve; from Sc. saw, Eng. salve.

sàbh, a saw, Ir. sábh; from the Eng.

sàbhail, save, Manx sauail, Ir. sabhailim (sábhálaim, O'B.); from Lat. salvare, to save. Kuno Meyer says from Eng. save.

sabhal, a barn, so Ir., M. Ir. saball, Ir.Lat. zabulum; through Brittonic from Lat. stabulum, a stall, Eng. stable. Cf. M. Ir. stéferus = zephyr.

sabhd, a lie, fable (H.S.D., Dial.), straying, lounging; cf. saobh.

sabhs, sauce, Ir. sabhsa; from the Eng.

sabhsair, a sausage; founded on the English word.

sac, a sack, Ir. sac, E. Ir. sacc, W. sach; from Ag. S. sacc, Eng. sack, Got. sakkus, Lat. saccus.

sac, a load, burden, Ir. sacadh, pressing into a sack or bag, Low Lat. saccare (do.); from Fr. sac, pillage, the same as Eng. sack, plunder, all borrowed from saccus, a sack or bag.

sachasan, sand-eel:

sad, dust shaken from anything by beating, a smart blow, sadadh, dusting, beating.

sad, aught (M'D.: Cha 'n' eil sad agam, I have naught):

sagart, a priest, Ir. sagart, O. Ir. sacart, sacardd; from Lat. sacerdos, whence Eng. sacerdotal.

saidealta, soidealta, shy, bashful, Ir. soidialta, rude, ignorant; from sodal, q.v.

saidh, an upright beam, prow of a ship, a handle or the part of a blade in the handle:

saidh, bitch; see saigh:

saidh, saidhean, the saith fish (Arg.); from N. seiðr, the gadus virens, now sei.

saidhe, hay; formed from the Eng. hay by the influence of the article (an t-hay becoming a supposed de-eclipsed say).

saidse, sound of a falling body, a crash, noise (Badenoch Dial. doidse, a dint):

saigean, a corpulent little man:

saigh, a bitch, Ir. saith (Con., Lane, etc.), sagh, saighín (O'Br.), M. Ir. sogh, sodh, E. Ir. sod, bitch, she-wolf:

saighdear, soldier, archer, Ir. sáighdiur (do.), M. Ir. saigdeoir, sagittarius, W. sawdwr, soldier; from M. Eng. soudiour, sougeour, Sc. sodger, now soldier, confused in Gadelic with an early borrow from Lat. sagittarius, archer.

saighead, an arrow, so Ir., O. Ir. saiget, W. saeth, Cor. seth, Br. saez; from Lat. sagitta. For root see ionnsuidh.

sail, a beam, Ir. sail: *spali-, allied to Ger. spalten, split, Eng. spill, split.

sàil, a heel, Ir., O. Ir. sál, W. sawdl, Br. seuzl: *sâtlâ. Ascoli has lately revived the old derivatino from *stâ-tlô-, root sta, stand; but st initial does not in native words become s in Gadelic.

saill, fat or fatness, Ir. saill, fat, bacon, pickle: *saldi-; Eng. salt, etc.; Lit. saldùs, sweet. See salann further.

saill, salt thou, Ir., O. Ir. saillim, condio, *saldio, salt: *salni-; see salann.

sailm, a decoction, oak-bark decoction to staunch blood, a consumption pectoral; founded on M. Eng. salfe, now salve?

sàimhe, luxury, sensuality, Ir. sáimhe, peace, luxury, E. Ir. sáim, pleasant: *svadmi-; Eng. sweet, Gr. ἑδúς, etc. But cf. sàmhach.

saimir, the trefoil clover (A.M'D.), Ir. seamar; see seamrag.

sainnseal, a handsel, New Year's gift; from Sc. handsel, M. Eng. hansell, i.e. hand-sellan, deliver.

saith, the back bone, joint of the neck or backbone, Ir. saith, joint of neck or backbone (Lh., O'B., etc.):

sàl, also sàil, sàile, sea, Ir. sáile, E. Ir. sál, sáile: *svâlos, root sval, svel; Lat. salum, sea; Eng. swell (Stokes, who also refers Br. c'hoalen, salt). Shräder equates Gadelic with Gr. ἅλς, salt, the sea, and Lat. salum, root sal.

salach, dirty, Ir., so O. Ir. salach, W. halawg, halog, Cor. halou, stercora, O. Br. haloc, lugubri: *salâko-s (adj.), root sal, to dirty; Eng. sallom, O. H. G. salo, dusky, dirty. sal, filth, is used.

salann, salt, Ir., O. Ir. salann, W. halen, Cor. haloin, Br. halenn (*salên): *salanno-s, salt; Lat. sal; Gr. ἁλς, salt, sea; Eng. salt, Ger. salz; Ch. Sl. solǐ.

salldair, a chalder; from Sc. chalder, Eng. chalder, chaldron, from O. Fr. chaldron, a caldron.

salm, a psalm, Ir., O. Ir. salm, W. and Br. salm; from Lat. psalmus, Eng. psalm.

saltair, trample, Ir. saltairim; from Lat. saltare, dance.

samh, the smell of the air in a close room, ill odour:

samh, sorrel, Ir. samh:

samh, a god, giant (Carm.):

samh, a clownish person; cf. Sc. sow, one who makes a dirty appearance, "a pig".

samhach, wooden haft, handle, Ir. samhthach, O. Ir. samthach; cf. O. Ir. samaigim, pono (which Ascoli refers to *stam, root sta, stand). Cf. sam, together, of samhuinn.

sàmhach, quiet, Ir. sámhach (Coneys has samhach), still, pleasant, from sámh, (samh), pleasant, still, E. Ir. sám, sáme, rest, quiet, sáim, mild, quiet: *sâmo-. Possibly allied to Eng. soft, O. H. G. samfto, softly, Got. samjan, please; and the root sam of samhradh. Stokes suggests connectino with Zend hâma, like, Ch. Sl. samŭ, ipse, Norse, sömr, samr, Eng. same; or Gr. ἡμερος, tame. Cf. sàimhe.

samhail, samhuil, likeness, like, Ir. samhail, like, samhuil, likeness, simile, W. hafal, similis, O. W. amal, Corn. haval, avel, Br. haual: *samali-; Gr. ὁομαλός, like; Lat. similis; Eng. same.

samhan, savin-bush, Ir. samhán; from Eng. savin, M. Eng. saveine, Ag. S. savine, Lat. sabina.

samhnan, samhnachan, a large river trout (H.S.D., Dial.):

samhradh, summer, Ir. samhradh, sámhradh, E. Ir. samrad, sam, W., Corn. haf, M. Br. haff, Br. hanv: *samo-; Skr. sámâ, year, Zend hama, summer, Arm. am, year; further Eng. summer, Gr. ἡμέρα, day. The termination rad = rado-n (n.).

samhuinn, Hallow-tide, Ir. samhain, E. Ir. samuin, samain, samfhuin: usually regarded as for *sam-fuin, "summer-end", from sam, summer, and fuin, end, sunset, fuinim, I end, *vo-nesô, root nes, as in còmhnuidh, q.v. (Stokes). For fuin, Kluge suggests *wen, suffer (Got. winnan, suffer); Zimmer favours Skr. van, hurt (Eng. wound); and Ascoli analyses it into fo-in-. Dr Stokes, however, takes samain from the root som, same (Eng. same, Gr. ὁμός, like, Lat. simul, whence Eng. assemble; see samhuil), and makes *samani- mean "assembly" - the gathering at Tara on 1st November, while Cét-shamain, our Céitein, was the "first feast", held on 1st May.

samplair, a copy, pattern, Ir. samplair, sampla; from Eng. sampler, sample.

-san, as in esan, ipse, iadsan; see -sa.

sanas, whisper, secret, Manx sannish, whisper, Ir., E. Ir. sanas; *sanastu-, root sven; Lat. sonare, Eng. sound; Skr. svánati, to sound.

sannt, desire, inclination, Ir., O. Ir. sant, W. chwant, Cor. whans, Br. c'hoant: *svandϑtâ, desire, root svand, svad, desire, please: Gr. ἁνδάνω, please, ἡδúς, sweet; Skr. svad, relish; further Eng. sweet, etc.

saobh, erroneous, apt to err, dissimulation, Ir. saobh (adj.), O. Ir. sáib, soib, later saeb, falsus, pseudo-: *svoibo-s, turning aside, wavering, W. chwifio, turn, whirl; Eng. sweep, swoop.

saobhaidh, den of a wild beast, fox's den:

saod, journey, intention, condition, good humour (Arg.), Ir. saod, seud, journey, O. Ir. sét, way, journey, W. hynt, Br. hent, O. Br. hint: *sento-s; Got. sinþs, journey, way, O. H. G. sind, Eng. send. Hence saodaich, drive cattle to pasture: Cf. saod, drive animals slowly (Shet.), N. saeta, waylay, sát, ambush.

saoghal, the world, an age, life, Ir. saoghal, O. Ir. saigul, saegul; from Lat. saeculum, race, age, from *sai-tlom, allied to W. hoedl, life.

saoi, saoidh, a good, generous man, a warrior, a scholar, Ir. saoi, a worthy man, a scholar, pl. saoithe, E. Ir. sái, sui, a sage, g. suad: *su-vid-s, root vid of fios (Thurneysen). Stokes (Mart.Gorm.) prefers su-vet-, root vât, say (see fàith). Rhys agrees.

saoibh, foolish, perverse, Ir. saobh (do.); see saobh.

saoibhir, rich, Ir. saidhbhir, E. Ir. saidber, opposed to daidber: *su-adber, from *ad-beri- (Lat. adfero), root bher of beir, bring, q.v.

saoibhneas, peevishness, dulness; from saoibh, saobh. Ir. has saobhnós, bad manners; but G. seems a pure derivative of saobh.

saoidhean, young saith (Lewis); cf. N. seiðr.

saoil, a mark, seal; see seul.

saoil, think, deem, Ir. saoilim, E. Ir. sáilim; cf. Got. saiwala, Eng. soul, which Kluge suggests may be allied to Lat. saeculum, root sai.

saoitear, oversman, tutor (Suth.); see taoitear.

saor, free, Ir. saor. E. Ir. sáer, O. Ir. sóir, sóer: *su-viro-s, "good man", free; from su (= so-) and viro-s, fear, q.v.

saor, a carpenter, Ir. saor, W. saer, Cor. sair: *sairo-s, from *sapiro-s, root sap, skill, Lat. sapio, sapientia, wisdom, Ag. S. sefa, understanding, sense (Stokes, who thinks the Brittonic may be borrowed).

saothair, labour, toil, Ir. sothar, E. Ir. sáthar, O. Ir. sáithar, g. sáithir: *sai-tro-n; also E. Ir. sáeth, sóeth: *sai-tu-; root sai, trouble, pain; Got. sair, Ag. S. sár, Eng. sore, Ger. sehr, *sai-ra-; Lat. saevus, wild; Lit. síws, sharp, rough.

sapair, sapheir, sapphire, Ir. saphír; from Lat. sapphirus, whence Eng. also.

sàr, oppression, sàraich, oppress, Ir. sáruighim, O. Ir. sáraigim, violo, contemno sár,, outrage, contempt W. sarhäed contumelia: *sâro-n, *spâro-n, root sper, kick, spurn; Lat. sperno; Eng. spurn; Lit. spìrti, kick; Skr. sphur, jerk (Stokes). The W. has the a pretonic short; is it borrowed from Ir. (Stokes)?

sàr, excellent, Ir., E. Ir., O. Ir. sár-, W. hoer, positive, stubborn, assertion, Ogmic Netta-sagru, Sgerettos, Sagrammi: *sagro-s, strong, root seg; Gr. ὀχυρός, strong, fast, ἔχω, have; Ger. sieg, victory; Skr. sáhas, might.

sàrdail, a sprat; from the Eng. sardel (Bailey), now sardine.

sàs, straits, restraint, hold, E. Ir. sás, a trap, fixing; from sàth, transfix, q.v.

sàsaich, satisfy, Ir. sásaighim, O. Ir. sásaim; from sàth, q.v.

sàth, plenty, satiety, Ir. sáth, sáith, E. Ir. sáith: *sâti-; Got. sóþ, satiety, Ger. satt (adj.); Lit. sótis; Lat. sat, enough, satur, full, whence Eng. satisfy, etc.

sàth, thrust, transfix, Ir. sáthadh, a thrust, push, M. Ir. sáthud, driving, thrusting, E. Ir. sádim (L.U.), O. Ir. im-sadaim, jacio, W. hodi, shoot; possibly from sô, sê, hurl, as in sìol:

sath, saith, bad (Dial. maith na saith, math na sath), M. Ir. sath (Lecan Glossary), saith, O. Ir. saich (cid saich no maith): *saki-s, root svak, svag, weak, Ger. schwach.

Sathairn, Di-sathairn, Saturday; see under di-.

sè, sèa, sia, six, Ir. sé, O. Ir. sé, W. chwech, Cor. wheh, Br. c'houec'h: sveks; Lat. sex; Gr. ἕξ; Got. saíhs, Eng. six; Skr. shash.

seabh, stray (M'A.): see seabhaid.

seabhag, a hawk, Ir. seabhac, E. Ir. sebac, O. Ir. sebocc, W. hebog, E.W. hebauc; from Ag. S. heafoc, now hawk, Ger. habicht, Norse haukr, root haf, I. E. qap, Lat. capus, hawk, allied to capio.

seabhaid, an error, wandering, Ir. seabhóid, error, folly, wandering: *sibo-, a short form of the root of saobh?

seac, wither, Ir. seacaim, E. Ir. seccaim, secc, siccus, W. sychu to dry, sych, dry, Cron. seygh, Br. sec'h, dry; from Lat. siccus. See further under seasg.

seach, by, past, Ir. seach, O. Ir. sech, ultra, praeter, W. heb, without, Corn. heb, Br. hep, without: *seqos; Lat. secus, otherwise, by, sequor, I follow (Eng. prosecute, etc.); Gr. ἑπομαι, I follow, Skr has sácâ, with, together, Zend haca, out, for. Hence G. and Ir. seachad, past, G. and Ir. seachain, avoid.

seachd, seven, Ir. seachd, O.ir. secht n-, W. saith, Corn. seyth, Br. seiz: *septṇ; Lat. septem; Gr. ἑπτά; Got., O. H. G. siban, Eng. seven; Lit. septyni; Skr. saptá.

seachduin, a week, Ir. seachdmhain, O. Ir. sechtman, Corn. seithum, Br. sizun; from Lat. septimana, from septem.

seachlach, a heifer barren though of age to bear a calf; cf. O. Ir. sechmal, præteritio (= sechm, past, and ell, go, as in tadhal). Ir. seachluighim, lay aside. H.S.D. suggests seach-laogh, "past calf". seach-la, surviving, still spared (Suth.).

seachran, wandering, error, Ir. seachrán, E. Ir. sechrán: *sech-reth-an, from seach and ruith, run?

seadh, yes, it is, Ir. seadh, for is eadh, it is; see is and eadh, it.

seadh, sense; usual spelling of seagh, q.v.

seagal, rye, so Ir., M. Ir. secul; from Lat. secale, whence also Br. segal.

seagh, sense, esteem, Ir. seagh, regard, esteem, strength, seaghdha, learned (O'Cl.), M. Ir. seg, strength, Gaul. sego-: *sego-, strength, pith; Norse sigr, victory, Ger. sieg; Skr. sáhas, might; further Gr. ἐχω, have; I. E. segh, hold.

seal, a while, space, Ir. seal, O. Ir. sel, W. chwyl, versio, turning, Br. hoel, "du moins", root svel, turn. Bez. (apud Stokes) compares Lettic swalstit, move hither and thither; to which cf. Gr. σαλεúω, I toss.

sealbh, possession, cattle, luck, Ir. sealbh, E. Ir. selb, O. Ir. selbad, W. helw, possession, ownership: *selvâ, possession, root sel, take, E. Ir. selaim, I take, Gr. ἑλεῖν, take; Got. saljan, offer, Eng. sell. Windisch has compared Got. silba, Eng. self (pronominal root sve).

sealbhag, sorrel, Ir. sealbhóg; usually regarded as for searbhag, "bitter herb" (cf. Eng. sorrel from sour). The change of r to l is a difficulty, but it may be due to the analogy of mealbhag.

sealbhan, the throat, throttle: *svel-vo-, Eng. swallo (*svel-ko-)?

sealg, a hunt, Ir. sealg, O. Ir. selg, W. hela, hel, to hunt, O. W. helghati, venare, Cor. helhia, British Selgovae, now Solway: *selgâ, a hunt, root sel, capture (see sealbh).

sealg, milt, spleen, Ir. sealg, M. Ir. selg, Br. felc'h: *selgâ, *spelgâ; Gr. σπλάγχνα, the higher viscera, σπλήν, spleen (*splghēn); Lat. liēn; Skr. plîhán, spleen; Ch. Sl. slēzena, Lit. blużnis; also Eng. lung.

seall, look, E. Ir. sellaim, sell, eye, W. syllu, to gaze, view, Br. sellet; cf. solus. Stokes gives the Celtic as *stilnaô, I see, comparing the Gr. στιλπνός.

sèam, seum, forbid, enjoin:

seaman, (sèaman, H.S.D.), a nail, small riveted nail, a small stout person, Ir. seaman, small riveted nail, E. Ir. semmen, W., M.W. hemin, rivet: *seg-s-men, root seg, segh, hold, as in seagh.

seamarlan, chamberlain, M. Ir. seomuirlìn; from the Eng.

sèamh, mild, peasceful (seamh, Arms.), Ir. séamh; see séimh, M'A. gives its meaning as an "enchantment to make one's friends prosper". See seamhas.

seamhas, good luck, also seanns, good chance, seamhsail, seannsail, lucky; from Eng. chance.

seamlach, a cow that gives milk without her calf, an impudent or silly person; Sc. shamloch, a cow that has not calved for two years (West Lothian):

seamrag, shamrock, seamair (M'A.), Ir. seamróg, M. Ir. semrach (adj.), E. Ir. semmor (B.L.):

seamsan, hesitation, quibbling, delay, sham; from the Eng. sham, Northern Eng. sham, a shame, trick?

sean, old, Ir. sean, O. Ir. sen, W., Corn., and O. Br. hen, Gaul. Seno-: *seno-s, old; Lat. senex, g. senis, old man; Gr. ἑνος, old; Got. sinista, oldest, Eng. seneschal; Lit. sénas; Skr. sánas.

seanachas, conversation, story, Ir. seanachas, seanchus, tale, history, genealogy, O. Ir. senchas, vetus historia, lex, O. W. hencass, monimenta. Stokes refers this to *seno-kastu-, "old story", from *kastu-, root kans, speak (see cainnt and Stokes' derivation of it). Regarded by others as a pure derivative of *seno- or its longer stem *seneko- (Lat. senex, Got. sineigo, old, Skr. sanakás, old), that is *senekastu-. Hence seanachaidh, a reciter of ancient lore, a historian, Ir. seanchuidh, a form which favours the second derivation.

seanadh, a senate, synod, Ir. seanadh, seanaidh, E. Ir. senod, W. senedd, Corn. sened, Br. senez; from the Lat. synodus, now Eng. synod.

seanagar, old-fashioned, knowing; cf. Ir. senfha, W. henwr:

seanair, a grandfather, Ir. seanathair, M. Ir. senathair, literally "old father".

seang, slender, lean, Ir. seang, E. Ir. seng: *svengo-s; Norse svangr, slender, thin, Sc. swank, swack, supple, Ger. schwank, supple, allied to Eng. swing.

seangan, an ant (S.Inverness and Perthshire snioghan), Manx sniengan, Ir. sangán, M. Ir. sengán, E. Ir. segon (Corm.); cf. Gr. σκνίψ (i long), g. skniofós or σκνιπός, σκίψ, root skene, kene, scratch (see cnàmh), Lit. skanùs, savoury (kittling), Stokes (Bez18 65) refers it to *stingagno-, Eng. sting, Gr. στίζω, prick; K.Meyer derives it from seang, slender.

seanns, luck; see seamhas.

sèap, slink, sneak off, flinch, Ir. seapaim: "turn tail"; see next word.

seap, a tail, an animal's tail hangin down (as a dog's when cowed):

sear, eastern; see ear.

searadoir, a towel (Sh. searbhadair); from Sc. serviter, servet, napkin, from Fr. servietta, from servir, serve, Lat. servio.

searbh, bitter, Ir. searbh, O. Ir. serv, W. chwerw, Corn. wherow, Br. c'houero: *svervo-s; O. H. G. sweran, dolere, Ger. sauer, Eng. sour; Lit. swarùs, salty.

searbhant, a servant maid: from the Eng. servant.

searg, wither, Ir. seargaim, O. Ir. sercim, serg, illness: *sego-; Lit. sergù, I am ill; O. H. G. swërcan, O.Sax. swercan, become gloomy.

searmon, a sermon, Ir. searmóin, M. Ir. sermon; from Lat. sermo, sermonis, Eng. sermon.

seàrr, a sickle, saw, E. Ir. serr, O. W. serr; from Lat. serra.

searrach, a foal, colt, so Ir., E. Ir. serrach: *serso-; Gr. ἓρσαι, young lambs?

searrag, a bottle; founded on the Eng. jar?

sears, charge or load (as a gun); from Eng. charge.

searsanach, a sheriff officer, estate overseer, seirseanach, auxiliary (Arm., Sh., O'B.); Gaelic is from the Sc. sergean, sergeand, an inferior officer in a court of justice, Eng. serjeant, from Fr. serjant, Lat. serviens, etc. M. Ir. has sersénach, foot soldier sèarsaigeadh, charging, citation (Suth.).

seas, stand, Ir. seasaim, E. Ir. sessim, O. Ir. tair(sh)issim, E.Ir inf. sessom, G. seasamh: *sistami, I stand, *sistamo- (n.), root sta; Lat. sisto, stop, sto; Gr. ἱστημι, set; Eng. stand; Skr. sthâ. The W. sefyll, stare, Cor., Br. sevell, Br. saff, come from *stam (Stokes).

seasg, barren, dry, Ir. seasg, E. Ir. sesc, W. hysp, Br. hesk, hesp: *sisqo-s, from sit-s-qo-, root sit, dry; Lat. siccus (= sit-cus), dry, sitis, thirst; Zend hisku, dry.

seasgair, one in comfortable circumstances, comfortable, Ir. seasgair, cosy, dry and warm, quiet; from seasg.

seasgan, a shock or truss of corn, gleaned land:

seasgann, a fenny country, marsh, Ir. seisgeann, E. Ir. sescenn; from *sesc, sedge, Ir. seisg, sedge, W. hesg (pl.), Cor. hescen, Br. hesk, whence Romance sescha, reed; cf. Eng. sedge, I. E. root seq, cut. Zimmer refers seasgann to seasg, dry, though it denotes wet or marsh land.

seat, satiety of food (Dial.): see seid.

seic, a skin or hide, peritoneum, brain pellicle; see seich.

seic, meal-bag made of rushes (Lewis); N. sekk, sack.

seic, a rack, manger; from Sc. heck, also hack. See next.

seiceal, a heckle (for flax); from Sc. and Eng. heckle. The W. is heislan, from Eng. hatchel.

seich, seiche, a hide, skin, Ir. seithe, E. Ir. seche, g. seched: *seket-; Norse sigg, callus, hard skin. The root is I. E. seq, cut, Lat. seco, etc.; cf. for force Gr. δέρμα, skin, from δέιρω, flay, Eng. tear, Lat. scortum and corium, from sker, Eng. shear, etc.

seid, a belly-full, flatulent swelling, seideach, swollen by tympany, corpulent:

seid, a truss of hay, a bed spread on the floor (especially seideag in the latter sense): *seddi-:

séid, blow, Ir. séidim, E. Ir. sétim, W. chwyth, a blast, M. Br. huéz, Br. c'houeza, blow, Cor. whythe, to blow: *sveiddo-, *sviddo- from *sveizdho-, *svizdho-; Ch.Slav. svistati, sibilare; Lat. sîbilus, whistling (= sîdhilus), Eng. sibilant.

seidhir, a chair, from Eng. chair.

seilcheag, a snail, Ir. seilide, seilchide, seilmide, slimide, O. Ir. selige, testudo; cf. Gr. σέσιλος (i long), σέσηλος, σεσιλίτης, a snail. Stokes gives the root as sel, allied to Lit saléti, creep, slékas, earthworm, O.Pruss. slayx (do.). Stokes now, Lit. seleti, creep.

seile, placenta (Carm.):

seileach, willow, Ir. saileóg, E. Ir. sail, g. sailech, W. helyg, willows, Corn. heligen, salix, Br. halek (pl.): *saliks; Lat. salix; Gr. ἑλίκη (Arcadian); Eng. sallow.

séileann, sheep-louse, tick:

seilear, a cellar, Ir. seiléir, M.W. seler; from Eng. cellar.

seilisdeir, yellow iris or yellow water-flag, Ir. soileastar, feleastar (O'B.), elestrom (O'B.), M. Ir. soilestar, W. elestr, fleur de lys, iris, O. Br. elestr. Cf. L. Lat. alestrare, humectare (Ernault, Stokes in R.C.4 329).

seillean, a bee, teillean (Perth), tilleag (Suth), W. chwil, beetle; root svel, turn, as in seal? W. telyn, harp?

sèim, a squint:

sèimh, mild, placid, Ir. séimh (O'R., Fol.), seimh (Con.):

seinn, sing, Ir. seinnim, M. Ir. sendim, O. Ir. sennim, play an instrument, psallo, perf. sephainn (*sesvanva, Stokes); root sven, sound, as in Lat. sonare, sonus, Eng. sound, Skr. svânati, sound.

seipeal, a chapel, so Ir., M. Ir. sépél; from M. Eng. and O. Fr. chapele, now Eng. chapel.

seipein, a quart, choppin; from the Eng. choppin, from Fr. chopine, chope, a beer glass, from Ger. schoppen.

seirbhis, service, Ir. seirbhís; from the Eng.

seirc, love, Ir. searc, seirc, O. Ir. serc, W. serch, Br. serc'h, concubine, M. Br. serch: *serkâ, *serko-; Got. saúrga, care, Ger. sorge, sorrow, Eng. sorrow; Skr. sûrkshati, respect, reverence, take thought about something. The favourite derivation is to ally it to Gr. στέργω, I love, which would give a G. teirg.

seircean, burdoch (Carm.):

seirean, a shank, leg, spindle-shanked person; for connections see speir.

seirm, sound, musical noise, ring as a bell, O. Ir. sibrase, modulabor; Celtic root sver, sing, I. E. sver, sound; Skr. svara, sound, musik; Eng. swear, answer, Got. svaran, swear; Lat. sermo, speech, Eng. sermon. The W. chwyrnu, hum, snort, is also allied.

seirsealach, robust (séirsealach, H.S.D.), Ir. séirsean, a strong person (O'R.); cf. searsanach for origin.

seis, one's match, a friend, sufficiency, Ir. seas, ship's seat, Lewis sis, bench, seat; cf. Norse sessi, bench-mate, oar-mate, from sessa, a ship's seat (I. E. root sed, sit).

seis, anything grateful to the senses, Ir. seis, pleasure, delight: *sved-ti-, root sveda, svâd, sweet; Gr. ἐδανός, sweet, ἠδúς (do.); Lat. suavis, sweet; Eng. sweet.

seis, anuas, the seat (Suth.):

seisd, a siege; formed from the Eng. siege.

seisean, session, assize, Ir. seisiún; from Lat. sessio, sessiônis, a sitting, session.

seisreach, a plough, six-horse plough, the six horses of a plough, Ir. seisreach, a plough of six horses, E. Ir. sesrech, plough team; from seiseir, six persons, a derivative of sè, six.

séist, the melody of a song, a ditty, M. Ir. séis, a musical strain: *sven-s-ti-, root sven, seinn.

seòc, seòcan, a helmet plume, a helmet; cf. Eng. shock.

seochlan, a feeble person; from the Sc. shochlin, waddling, infirm, shachlin, verb shachle, shuffle in walking, allied to Eng. shackle, shake.

seòd, siad, a hero, a jewel, Ir. seód, a jewel; see sud, jewel.

seòg, swing to and fro, dandle; from Sc. shog, M. Eng. shoggin, M.Du. shocken.

seòl, method, way, Ir. seól a method of doing a thing, seólaim, I direct, steer; E. Ir. seól, course; W. hwyl, course, condition. From seól, sail.

seòl, a sail Ir. seól, O. Ir. séol, seól, seol, g. siúil, W. hwyl, O. W. huil: usually referred to *seghlo- (root of seagh) or to Teutonic seglo-, sail (also from *seghlo-), borrowed into Celtic. In either case we should expect Ir. *sél, W. *hail, but we have neither. Strachan suggests that seól is formed from g. siúil on the analogy of ceól, etc.; while W. hwyl may have been effected by a borrow from Lat. vêlum (Cor. guil, Br. goel).

seòmar, a chamber, Ir. seómra, M. Ir. seomra; from M. Eng. and Fr. chambre, Lat. camera.

seòrsa, a sort, kind, Ir. sórt; from the Eng.

seot a short tail or stump, the worst beast, a sprout; from Sc. shot, rejected sheep ("shot" from shoot), shoot, stern of a boat, from the root of Eng. shoot. Cf. Norse skott, fox's tail,, skotta, dangle.

seotal, shuttle of trunk (M'D.):

seth in gu seth, severally, neither (after negative); cf. Lat. se-cum; "by one-self".

seuchd, a tunic or léine (Oss.Ballad of Ionmhuin):

seud, a jewel, treasure, hero, Ir. seud, O. Ir. sét, pl. séuti, pretiosa, Med.Ir., Lat. sentis; from *sent-, real, "being", I. E. sents, being, participle from root es, be; Lat. -sens, praesens, etc.; Gr. εἰς.

seul, seula, saoil, a seal, Ir. seula, M. Ir. séla, W. sel, O. Br. siel; from Lat. sigillum, M. Eng. and Fr. seel, Ag. S. sigle.

seum, earnest entreaty; see sèam.

seun, a charm, defend by charms, Ir. seun, good luck, E. Ir. sén, blessing, sign, luck, O. Ir. sén, benedic, W. swyn, a charm, magic preservative; from Lat. signum, a sign, "sign of the cross".

seun, refus, shun, Ir. seunaim, séanaim, M. Ir. sénaim; probably from the above.

seunan, sianan, in breac-sheunain, freckles:

seusar, acme or perfection (M'A. for Islay); from seizure, crisis?

sgab, scab, sgabach, scabbed; from the Eng.

sgabag, cow killed for winter provision (M'F.):

sgabaiste, anything pounded or bashed (H.S.D.), Ir. sgabaiste, robbery:

sgaball, a hood, helmet, M. G. sgaball, a hood or cape (M'V.); Ir. scabal, a hood, shoulder guard, helmet, a scapular; from Lat. scapulae, shoulder-blades, whence Eng. scapular.

sgabard, scabbard; from the Eng.

sgabh, sawdust, Ir. sgabh (Lh.); Lat. scobis, sawdust, powder.

sgad, a loss, mischance; from the Sc. skaith, Eng. scathe, scath (Shakespeare), Norse skaði, scathe, Ger. schaden, hur.

sgadan, a herring, Ir. sgadán, E. Ir. scatan (Corm.), W. ysgadan (pl.); cf. Eng. shad, "king of herrings", Ag. S. sceadda, Prov. Ger. schade.

sgadartach, a set of ragamuffins (H.S.D.), anything scattered (M'A.); from Eng. scatter.

sgafair, a bold, hearty man (H.S.D., Arm., O'B.), a handsome man (H.S.D.), a scolding man (M'A.), Ir. sgafaire, a bold, hearty man, spruce fellow, a gaffer; from the Eng. gaffer?

sgag, split, crack, winnow, filter, Ir. sgagaim, filter, purge; cf., for root gàg.

sgaipean, a ninny, dwarf:

sgàil, a shade, shadow, Ir. sgáile, scáil, M. Ir. scáil, O. Br. esceilenn, cortina, curtain: *skâli-, root skâ, of sgàth, q.v.

sgailc, a smart blow, a slap, skelp, Ir. sgailleóg; root skal, make a noise by hitting; Norse skella, slap, clatter (skjalla), Ger. schallen, resound; Lit. skaliu, give tongue (as a hunting dog). Cf. Sc. and M. Eng. skelp. Also sgailleag.

sgailc, a bald pate, baldness, sgall, baldness, Ir. sgallta, bald, bare, scallach, bald; from Norse skalli, a bald head, Swed. skallig, bald, skala, peel, skal, husk, Eng. scale. The G. sgailc is possibly from M. Eng. scalc, scalp; but sgall is clearly Norse.

sgàin, burst, rend, Ir. sgáinim: *skad-no-, root skhad, sked, skha, split, rend, cut; Gr. σκεδάννυμι, scatter; Skr. skhádate, split,

sgainneal, a scandal, Ir. scannail, M. Ir. scandal; from the Lat. scandalum.

sgainnir, scatter, sganradh (n.), Ir. scanruighim, scatter, scare; cf. Eng. squander, allied to scatter.

sgàinnteach, a corroding pain, pain of fatique; from sgàin.

sgàird, flux, diarrhœa, Ir. sgárdaim, I squirt, pour out: *skardo-; I. E. skerdo-; Lat. sucerda, swine-dung, muscerda, mouse-dung = mus-scerda-; Skr. chard, vomit; Ch. Sl. skarędŭ, nauseating; Eng. sharn. Another form is *skart, W. ysgarth, excrement, Br. skoarz, skarz, void, cleanse, Gr. σκῶρ, g. σκατός, Skr. çákṛt, dung.

sgaireach, prodigal (Sh., etc.); from the root skar of sgar.

sgàireag, one year old gull, young scart; from Norse skári, a young sea-mew.

sgàirn, howling of dogs, loud murmur; see sgairt.

sgairneach, a continuous heap of loose stones on a hill side, the sound of such stones falling (sgairm, M'A.); cf. Sc. scarnoch, crowd, gumult, noise (Ayr). See sgairn. Badenoch Dial. sgarmach.

sgairt, a loud cry, Ir. sgairt: *s-gar-ti-, root gar?

sgairt, activity, Ir. sgairteamhuil, active: root skar, skip, spring; Gr. σκαίρω, skip, σκάρος, a leap, run; Zend çhar, spring.

sgairt, midriff, intesting caul, Ir. scairt: "separater", from skar of sgar?

sgait, a skate; from the Eng. skate, Norse skata.

sgaiteach, sharp, edged, cutting, sgait, a prickle, a little chip of wood in one's flesh (Dial.); from sgath, lop.

sgal, howl, shriek, yell, Ir. sgal, M. Ir. scal, root skal, sound, cry; Norse skjalla, clash, clatter, skvala, squall, squeal, Ger. schallen; Lit. skaliu, give tongue (as a dog); Gr. σκúλαξ, whelp: I. E. root sqel, make a sound, allied to sqel, split, hit? Cf. W. chwalu, prate, babble, spread, root sqvel, sqval.

sgalag, a servant, Ir. sgológ (fem.), husbandman, rustic, M. Ir. scolóc (= gille), E. Ir. scoloca; from Norse skálkr, servant, slave, Got. skalks, servant, Ger. schalk, knave, Eng. marshal, seneschal. It could hardly be from Lat. scholasticus, as Skene (Celt. Scot.1 448) thinks.

sgàlain, scales for weighing, Ir. scála, a balance, scali (B. of Deer); from the early Eng. scale, Ag. S. scále, Norse skál, a balance.

sgàlan, hut, scaffold, Ir., M. Ir. scálán; from the Norse skáli, hut, shed. Stkes (Bez.Beit.18 65) refers it to a stem *scânlo-, cognate with Gr. σκηνη (Dor. σκᾱná), a tent, roof, skhâ, cover, shade.

sgald, burn, scald, Ir. sgall, scald, singe; from the Eng. scald.

sgall, baldness, Ir. sgallta, bald, bare; see under sgailc.

sgalla, an old hat (M'A.):

sgàlla, a large wooden dish cut out of a tree (M'A.):

sgallais, insult, contempt; from the Norse sköll, mockery, loud laughter, skjal, empty talk, skjall, flattering (H.S.D. gives "flatter" as a meaning): allied to sgal, q.v.

sgamal, a scale, squama, Ir. sgamal; from Lat. squâmula, squâma. In G. and Ir. Bibles, Acts8 18, "Scales fell from his eyes" - sgamail.

sgamal, effluvia, phlegn, Ir. sgamal: same as above.

sgamh, dross, dust; see sgabh.

sgamhan, the lungs, liver, Ir. sgamhán, lungs, M. Ir. scaman, W. ysgyfaint, lights, Cor. skefans, Br. skeveñt; from Ir. scaman, levis, W. ysgafn, light, Cor. scaff, Br. skanv, light (cf. for force Eng. lights, Russ. legkoe, lungs, from legkii, light): *skamno-; cf. Norse skammr, short, O. H. G. scam, short.

sgann, a multitude, drove:

sgann, a membrane, Ir. sgann; cf. Norse skán, a thin membrane, film, skaeni, film, membrane; *skad-no?

sganradh, dispersing, terror; see sgainnir.

sgaog, a foolish, giddy girl; cf. Sc. skeich, skeigh, skittish, Eng. shy.

sgaoil, spread, scatter, let go, Ir. sgaoilim, M. Ir., E. Ir. scáilim; cf. W. chwalu, disperse, strew, root sqval, sqvôl, allied to root sqel, split (as in sgoilt, q.v.). Rhys says W. is borrowed.

sgaoim, a fright, a start from fear, skittishness: for sgeum? If so, for sceng-men, E. Ir. scingim, I start; Gr. σκάζω, I limp, σκιμβάζω, limp; Ger. hinken (do.); Skr. khanj (do.). See sgeun.

sgaoth, a swarm (as of bees), Ir. scaoth, scaoith: *skoiti-, from skheit, separate; Ger. scheiden, Eng. shed; further Lat. scindo (from root skjeid, split), split.

sgap, scatter, Ir. scapaim: *skad-bo- (from skad, divide, Gr. σκεδάννυμι, scatter), developing into skabb, which, as skabb-th, becomes sgap? But consider Eng. scape, escape.

sgar, sever, separate, Ir. sgaraim, O. Ir. scaraim, W. ysgar, separate, O. Br. scarat, dijudicari: *skaraô, root sker, separate, sunder; Lit. skiriú, separate; O. H. G. scëran, Ger. scheren, shear, cut, Eng. shear; further Gr. κείρω, cut, etc.

sgarbh, cormorant; from the Norse skarfr, N. Sc. scarf (Shet., etc.).

sgarlaid, scarlet, Ir. sgárlóid, M. Ir. scarloit; from M. Eng. scarlat, scarlet, Med.Lat. scarlatum. Stokes and K.Meyer take it direct from Lat.

sgat, a skate (Dial.); see sgait.

sgath, lop off, Ir. sgathaim, E. Ir. scothaim; I. E., root skath, cut; Gr. ἀσκηθής, unscathed, σjάζω, cut; Eng. scathe, Ger. schaden, hurt; Skr. chá, lop. The root appears variously as skhê, ska, skêi, ske (Gr. σκεδάννυμι). It is possible to refer sgath to the root seq, cut, Lat. seco, Eng. section. See sgian.

sgàth, a shade, shadow, Ir. sgáth, sgáth, O. Ir. scáth, W. ysgod, Cor. scod, umbra, Br. skeud: *skâto-s; Gr. σκότος, darkness; Eng. shade, Got. skadus, shade, shadow, Ger. schatten; Skr. cháya, shadow.

sgath (sh., Arm., sgàth, H.S.D.), a wattled door:

sgeach, sgitheag, hawthorn berry, Ir. sgeach, sweet-briar, haw, E. Ir. scé, g. sciach, also g.pl. sciad, W. ysbyddad, hawthorn, Cor. spedhes, Br. spezad, fruit, currant: *skvijat-:

sgeadaich, dress, adorn, Ir. sgeaduighim, adorn, mark with a white spot, sgead, speck, white spot, sgeadach, speckled, sky-coloured; also gead, spot:

sgealb, a splinter, Ir. sgealpóg, splinter, fragment, sgealpaim, smash, split, make splinters of; see sgolb. Cf. Sc. skelb, skelf, a splinter, skelve (vb.).

sgeallag, wild mustard, Ir. sgeallagach, M. Ir. scell, a grain, kernel; root sqel, separate, Eng. shell, etc. Stkes equates Ir. scellán, kernel, with Lat. scilla, squill, sea-onion, Gr. σκίλλα.

sgealp, a slap; from Sc. skelp, M. Eng. skelp.

sgeamh, yelp, Ir. sceamh, E. Ir. scem, scemdacht; cf. next word. Also G. sgiamh, sgiamhail, to which Ernault compares M. Br. hueual, cry like a fox.

sgeamh, severe or cutting language, Ir. sgeamhaim, I scold, reproach: *skemo-; Norse skamma, to shame, to scold, Eng. shame, sham? The word sgeamh also means "a disgust" in Gaelic; also, according to M'A., "a speck on the eye", "membrane". Also Ir. (and G.?) sgeamh, polypody.

sgean, cleanliness, polish; cf. for ofigin Norse skína, Eng. shine.

sgèan, sudden fright or start, a wild look of the face; see sgeun.

sgeanag, a kind of sea weed, so called from resembling a knife blade (Arg.).

sgeann, a stare, gazing upon a thing:

sgeap, a beehive; from the Sc. skep, M. Eng. skeppe, a skep, carrying basket, Norse skeppa, a measure.

sgeig, mockery, Ir. sgige, M. Ir. scige: *skeggio-:

sgeigeach, having a prominent chin or a beard of strong, straight hair (Sutherland); from Norse skegg, a beard, from sgaga, jut out, Eng. shaggy.

sgeilcearra, supple, active; cf. sgiolcarra.

sgéile, misery, pity, Ir. sceile (O'Cl., Lh. as obsolete, O'B.), scéile (O'R.):

sgeileid, a skillet, Ir. sgiléad; from the Eng.

sgeileas, a beak, thin face, talkativeness (H.S.D.); see sgeilm.

sgeilm, boasting, prattling (H.S.D., Arms.), a thin-lipped mouth, a prater's mouth (M'A.); also sgiolam, sgeinm. Root skel, as in sgal.

sgeilm, sgeinm, neatness, decency; cf. sgean.

sgeilmse, a surprise, sudden attack:

sgeilp, a shelf; from Sc. skelf, Ag. S. scylfe, now shelf.

sgèimh, beauty, Ir. sgeimh; see sgiamh.

sgeimhle, a skirmish, bickering, Ir. sgeimhle:

sgéinnidh, twine, flax or hep thread; cf. Ir. sgainne, a skein or clue of thread. The Sc. skiny, pack thread (pronounced skeenyie), is apparently from G.; Eng. skein is from M. Eng. skeine, O. Fr. escaigne. Skeat derives the Eng. from Gaelic. The G. alone might be referred to *skein, from sꬶhein, sꬶhoin, rope, string, Lit. geinis, string, Lat. fûnis, Gr. σχοῖνος.

sgeir a rock in the sea, skerry; from Norse sker, a rock in the sea, whence Eng. skerry, scaur: "cut off", from root of Eng. shear, G. sgar.

sgeith, vomit, Ir. sceithim, E. Ir. scéim, sceithim, W. chwydu, Br. c'houeda: *sqveti-; cf. Gr. σπατίγη, thin excrement as in diarrhœa (Bez.). sgeith-féith, varicose vein.

sgeò, g. sgiach, haze, dimness (Heb.): see ceò.

sgeòc, a long neck; cf. geòc.

sgeòp, a torrent of foolish words, also sgeog:

sgeul, sgial, a tale, Ir. sgeul, O. Ir. scél, W. chwedl, Cor. whethl, Br. quehezl (que-hezl, que = ko-): *sqetlo-n (sqedlo-n, Rhys), root seq, say: Lat. inseque, dic, inquam (= in-squam?), say I; Gr. ἐννέπω, I tell, ἔνι-σπε, dixit; Ger. sagen Eng. say; Lit. sakýti, say.

sgeun, dread, disgust, look of fear, Ir. sgéan, fright, wild look, M. Ir. scén, affright: *skeng-no-, from skeng, start, spring, E. Ir. scingim, start, spring (for root see sgaoim). Strachan refers it to *skakno-, root skak, spring, Lit. szókti, spring, Ch. Sl. skakati, Norse skaga, jut out.

sgiab, a snatch, sudden movement, Ir. sgiob; see sgiobag.

sgiamh, beauty, Ir. sgiamh, O. Ir. scíam: *skeimâ; cf. Got. skeima, a light, Ag. S. scíma, Norse skími, a gleam of light, further Eng. shine, shimmer.

sgiamh, a squeal, yell, mew; see sgeamh.

sgian, a knife, Ir. sgian, E. Ir. scían, W. ysgíen slicer, scimitar, ysgi, citting off Br. skeja, cut: *scêenâ, vb. skêô, cut; Skr. châ, cut off, Gr. σχάζω, cut, σχάω; I. E. root skjê, skha, split, cut. Lindsay refers Gadelic to *scênâ, allied to Lat. scêna, a priest's knife, whose side-form is sacena, from seco, cut, Eng. section, saw. Others have compared Lat. scio, know, Gr. κείω, cut.

sgiath, a shield, Ir. sgiath, O. Ir. sciath, W. ysgwyd, O. W. scuit, O. Br. scoit Br. skoued: *skeito-; Ch. Sl. stitŭ, shield; O.Pruss. scaytan, Norse skíð, firewood, billet of wood, tablet (Schräder); to which Bez. queries if Lat. scûtum (*skoito-?) be allied.

sgiath, a wing, Ir. sgiathán, sgiath, E. Ir. sciath (sciath n-ete, shoulder of the wing), O.I. scíath, ala, pinaa, W. ysgwydd, shoulder, Cor. scuid, scapula, Br. skoaz: *skeito-, *skeidâ, shoulder-blade; I. E. root sqid, Lat. scindo; Gr. σχίζω, split; Skr. chid, cut; further Ger. scheiden, divide (I. E. shheit), which agrees with the Gadelic form.

sgibeach, sgibidh, neat; see sgiobalta.

sgid, a little excrement (M'A.); from the Eng.

sgideil, a plash of water; see sgiodar.

sgil, skill; from the Eng.

sgil, unhusk, shell, Ir. sgiollaim, sgilc, shellings of corn, sgilice, the operation of the mill in shelling corn: *skeli-, I. E. sqel, separate; Norse skilja, separate, Eng. skill, shell, etc. See scoilt. Cf. Sc. shillin, shelled or unhusked grain.

sgilbheag, a chip of slate (Arg.); from Sc. skelve a thin slice, Eng. shelf.

sgilig, shelled grain (Dial.), fom Norse, whence Sc. shillin, which see under sgil. Ir. sgilige, sgileadh, sgiolladh, shelling grain.

sgillinn, a penny, Ir. sgillin, shilling, M. Ir. scilling, scillic, from Ag. S. scilling, Norse skillingr, Ger. schilling.

sgilm, a mouth expressive of scolding aptitude (M'A.); see sgiolam.

sgimilear, a vagrant parasite, intruder; from Sc. skemmel. Cf. sgiomalair.

sginn, squeeze out, gush out, Ir. scinn, gush, start, E. Ir. scendim, spring; Skr. skand, leap; Lat. scando; Gr. σκάνδαλον, Eng. scandal. Arm. has sginichd, squeezing; Badenoch Dial. has sging, a squeeze, hardship. there is an E. Ir. scingim, I spring, from skeng, discussed under sgaoim.

sgioba, ship's crew; from the Norse skip, a ship.

sgiobag, a slap given in play, a hasty touch or snatch, sgiob, sgiab, snatch, Ir. sgiobaim, I snatch, W. ysgip, ysgipiol; cf. Manx skibbag, skip, hop, from Eng. skip.

sgiobair, a skipper; from the Sc. skippare, Eng. skipper, Norse skipari, a mariner.

sgiobal, sgìobal (Suth.), a barn, Ir. sgiobál:

sgioball, loose folds or skirts of a garment:

sgiobalta, clever, neat, Manx skibbylt, active, a skipping, Ir. sgiobalta, active, spruce; also G. sgioblaich, adjust the dress, etc., tidy up. Cf. Norse skipulag, order, arrangement, skipa, put in order, Eng. ship shape. The Gadelic is borrowed.

sgiodar, a plashing through bog and mire, diarrhœa; from Sc. scutter, skitter.

sgiogair, a jackanapes, Ir. sgigire, a buffoon, mocker; see sgeig.

sgiolam, forward talk, also sgeilm; also giolam. See sgeilm. sgiol (Lewis), empty talk; N. skjal.

sgiolc, slip in or out unperceived; cf. Eng. skulk.

sgiolbhagan, fibs (Wh.):

sgiomalair, an instrument to take the suet off a pot (M'A.); from Eng. skim?

sgìonabhagan, "smithereens" (Arg.); from sgian?

sgionnadh, starting, eyes starting with fear; see sginn.

sgionn-shuil, a squint eye; from Eng. squint, with a leaning on G. sgionn, sginn, start, protrude.

sgiord, squirt, purge, Ir. sgíordadh (n.), sgiurdaim (O'R.); either cognate with or borrowed from Eng. squirt (Stokes' Lis.).

sgiorr, slip, stumble, Ir. sciorraim:

sgiort, a skirt, edge of a garment, Ir. sgiorta; from Eng. skirt. O'Cl. has Ir. sguird for tunic or shirt.

sgiot, scatter; from Norse skjóta, shoot, skyti, shooter. M'A. says the word belongs to the North Highlands; Arm. does not have it. Ir. has sgiot, a dart, arrow: "something shot".

sgìre, a parish; from Ag. S. scír, county, now shire, O. H. G. scîra, charge.

sgirtean, a disease in cattle - black spauld or quarter-ill (H.S.D.): "stumbling disease", from sgiorradh?

sgìth, tired, Ir. sgíth, weariness, O. Ir. scíth, Corn. sqwyth, skîth, Br. skouîz, skuîz: *skîto-, *skîtto- (Brittonic *skvîtto-, according to Stokes); rrot skhei beside khsei, decay, destroy, Gr. φθίω, φθίσις, phthisis, Skr. kshi, destroy, kshitás, exhausted (Strachan, Bez.Beit.17 300).

sgithiol, a shealing hut (Carmichael); from Norse skýli, a shed, skjól, a shelter, Dan. and Swed. skjul, shed, Eng. sheal.

sgiùcan, sgiùchan, the cackling or plaint of a moorhen:

sgiùgan, a whimper; cf. the above word.

sgiùnach, a charm for getting all the fish about a boat or headland into one's own boat amidst the amazement of the neighbours (M'A.):

sgiùnach, a bold, shameless woman (H.S.D.):

sgiurdan, a squirt; from the Eng.

sgiùrs, scourge, Ir. sgiúrsaim, W. ysgors; from M. Eng. scourge, Lat. excoriare.

sgiùthadh, a lash, stroke with a whip (H.S.D. says Dial.; M'A. says North):

sglabhart, a blow on the side of the head; from Sc. sclaffert (do.), sclaff, a blow, Prov.Fr. esclaffa, to beat (Ducange), Med.Lat. eclaffa.

sglàib, ostentation (Hend.):

sglaim, questionably acquired wealth, sglaimire, usurper (M'A.); see glam.

sglamhadh, a seizing greedily upon anything, Ir. sclamhaim, I seize greedily, scold; also G. sglamadh (M'E.); see glam.

sglamhruinn, a scolding, abusive words; cf. Sc. sclourie, vilify, abuse, bedaub. Ir. sglamhadh means also "scold:, and G. sglamhadh, scold of a sudden (M'A.). Sc. has sklave, to calumniate.

sglamhradh, clawing one's skin for itch (M'A.); see clamhradh.

sgleamhas, meanness, sordidness, sgleamhraidh, a stupid or mean fellow.

sgleamaic, plaster (vb.), daub filthily (M'A.), sgleamaid, snotters (M'A.):

sglèap, ostentation, Ir. sgléip; M'A. gives the force of "to flatter, stare open-mouthed at one".

sgleò, dimness of the eyes, vapour:

sgleò, boasting, romancing, Ir. scleo, boasting, high language:

sgleò, misery, Ir. scleo (O'Cl.):

sgleòbach, sluttish:

sgleobht, a chunk (M'D.):

sgleog, a snot, phlegm, a knock:

sgleogair, a troublesome prattler, liar:

sgleòid, a silly person, slattern, Ir. scleóid; also gleòid:

sgliamach, slippery-faced (M'L.):

sgliat, slate, Ir. scláta; from M. Eng. sclat, now slate.

sglìmeach, troublesome, as an unwelcome guest:

sgliobhag, a slap (Dial.); cf. Sc. sclaff, sclaffert.

sgliùrach (sgliurach, H.S.D.), a slut, gossip, Ir. sgliurach. The G. also means "young of the sea-gull till one year old", when they become sgàireag.

sglongaid, a snot, spit; see glong.

sgob, snatch, bite, sting, Ir. sgoballach, a morsel, peice; also G. sgobag, a small wound, a small dram. Seemingly formed from gob, a bill, mout (cf. O. Fr. gobet, morsel, gober, devour, Eng. gobble).

sgoch, gash, make an incision; for scoth; see sgath.

sgòd, the corner of a sheet, the sheet of a sail, a sheet-rope, M. Ir. scóti, sheets; from Norse skaut, the sheet or corner of square cloth, the sheet rope, a hood, Got. skauts, hem, Eng. sheet.

sgog, a fool, idler, sgogach, foolish, Ir. sgogaire (O'R.), W. ysgogyn, fop, flatterer:

sgòid, pride, conceit, Ir. sgóid; G. sgoideas, pageantry, ostentation:

sgoid, drift-wood (Lewis); N. skiða.

sgoil, school, Ir. sgoil, E. Ir. scol, W. ysgol, Br. skol; from Lat. schola, whence Eng. school.

sgoileam, loquacity; see sgiolam.

sgoilt, split, sgoltadh, splitting, Ir., M. Ir. scoiltim, inf. scoltad, O. Ir. siuscoilt, scinde (St.Gal.Incant.), Cor. felja, Br. faouto, split: *sgoltô, split, root sqvel; Lit. skélto, split, skiliù, split; Norse skiljan, separate, Ger. schale, shell, Eng. shale, skill; Gr. σκάλλω, hoe, σκúλλω, tear.

sgoim, wandering about, skittishness (Hend.); cf. sgaoim.

sgoinn, care, efficacy, neatness:

sgoirm, throat, lower parts of a hill (M'P. Ossian); for latter force, see under sgairneach.

sgoitich, a quack, mountebank:

sgol, rinse, wash; from Norse skola, wash, Swed. skölja, rinse, wash, Dan. skylle.

sgolb, a splinter, Ir. sgolb, M. Ir. scolb, a wattle, W. ysgolp, splinter, Br. skolp: *skolb-, root skel, skol, split (see sgoilt), fuller root skel-ꬶ; Gr. κολοβός, stunted, σκόλοψ (σκόλοπος), stake; Swed. skalks, a piece, also Got. halks, halt, Eng. shelf, spelk (Perrson Zeit.ee 290 for Gr. and Teut.).

sgonn, a block of wood, blockhead; sgonn-balaich, lump of a boy: *skotsno-, "section"; from the root of sgath.

sgonsair, an avaricious rascal (M'D.):

sgop, foam, froth (M'D.):

sgor, a mark, notch, Ir. sgór; from Eng. score, Norse skor, mark, notch, tally (G. is possibly direct from Norse).

sgòr, sgòrr, a sharp rock; from Sc. scaur, Eng. scar, cliff, of Scandinavian origin, Norse sker, skerry; O. H. G. scorra, rock; further Eng. shore, Ag. S. score. See sgeir further.

sgòrnan, a throat, Ir. scornán:

sgot, a spot, blemish, small farm; cf. Sc. shot, a spot or plot of ground.

sgoth, a boat, skiff, a Norway skiff; from Scandinavian - Dan. skude, Norse skúta, a cutter, small craft.

†sgoth, a flower, Ir. sgoth; Lat. scateo, gush (St. Zeit.33.

sgrabach, rough, ragged, Ir. sgrábach, sgrabach (Lh.); from Eng. scrap, sgrappy, Norse skrap, scraps.

sgrabaire, the Greenland dove; hence Sc. scraber.

sgragall, gold-foil, spangle (Sh., Lh., etc.; not M'A. or M'E.), Ir. sgragall:

sgraideag, small morsel, diminutive woman, Ir. sgraideóg. M'A. gives sgràid, a hag, old cow or mare, and H.S.D. sgraidht (do.). Cf. Sc. scradyn, a puny, sickly child, scrat, a puny person, Norse skratti, wizard, goblin.

sgraig, hit one a blow:

sgràill (sgraill, H.S.D.), rail at, abuse:

sgraing, a scowling look, niggardliness; I. E. sqrenꬶo-, shrink; Eng. shrink; Gr. κράμβος, blight.

sgràist, a sluggard, Ir. scraiste (Lh., etc.):

sgrait, a shred, rag:

sgràl, a host, a large number of minute things (Heb.); cf. sgriothail.

sgrath, outer skin or rind, turf (for roofing, etc.), Ir. sgraith, green sward, sod, sgraithim, I pare off the surface, W. ysgraf, what pares off, ysgrawen, hard crust; cf. Norse skrá, dry skin, scroll (*skrava), Sc. scra, a divot (Dumfries).

sgrathail, destructive, Ir., sgraiteamhuil (O'R.):

sgreab, a scab, blotch, crust, Ir. sgreabóg, a crust; from Eng. scrape?

sgread, a screech, cry, Ir. sgread, M. Ir. scret: *skriddo-, W. ysgri, root skri, skrei; O. H. G. scrīan, cry, Ger. schrei, Eng. scream, screech; Lat. screô (= screjô), a hawk.

sgreag, dry, parch; from the Scandinavian - Norwegian skrekka, shrink, parch, Swed. skraka, a great dry tree, Eng. shrink, scraggy (from Scandinavian).

sgreamh, abhorence, disgust, Ir. screamh: *skrimo-, root skri, skrei; Norse skrœma, scare away, Swed. skräma, Dan. skrœmme.

sgreamh, thin scum or rind, ugly skin (M'A.); root skṛ of sgar.

sgreang, a wrinkle: *skrengo-, I. E. sqrenꬶ, shrink; Eng. shrink (Dr Cameron). See sgraing.

sgreataidh, disgusting, horrible: *skritto-, root skri of sgreamh, q.v. Cf. N. skrati, a monster, "Old Scratch".

sgreubh, dry up, crack by drought, sgreath (M'A., who has sgreoth, parch as cloth); cf. Eng. shrivel, from a Scandinavian source - base skriv-, O.Northumbrian screpa, pine, Norwegian skrypa, waste; or Sc. scrae, dry, withered person, old withered shoe, Norwegian skrae.

sgreuch, sgriach, a scream, screech, Ir. sgréach, E. Ir. screch: *skreikâ, root skrei, as in sgread, q.v. Eng. screech, shriek are from the same root (not stem). W. ysqrêch, seems borrowed from the Eng.

sgreunach, shivering (Arran), boisterous (of weather, Arg.): *sqreng-no-; see sgraing.

sgriach, a score, scratch (Dial.); cf. stríoch.

sgribhinn, rocky side of a hill or shore (Arm., M'A.); for sgridhinn, from the Norse skriða, pl. skriðna, a lnadslip on a hill-side. See sgrìodan.

sgrid, breath, last breath of life: *skriddi-, root skri of sgread.

sgrìob, a scratch, furrow, line, Ir. scríob, E. Ir. scríb, mark, scrípad, scratching; from Lat. scribo, write, draw lines, whence also Norse skrifa, scratch, write, W. ysgrif, a notch.

sgrìobh, write, Ir. sgríobhaim, O. Ir. scríbaim, W. ysgrifo, Br. skriva, skrifa; from Lat. scribo, write.

sgrìodan, a stony ravine on a mountain side, track of a mountain torrent, a continuous run of stones on a mountain side; from Norse skriða, pl. skriðna, a landslip on a hill-side, skríða, to glide, Ger. shreiten, stride; Prov.English screes, sliding stones, Sc. scriddan (from the Gaelic).

sgrios, destroy, Ir. scriosaim, M. Ir. scrisaim: *skrissi- for *skṛ-sti, root skar of sgar, q.v.

sgriotachan, a squalling infant; from scread.

sgrioth, gravel (Islay), sgriothail, a lot of small items (Badenoch) (do.) as of children (Wh.): *skritu-, root sker; cf. Eng. short, I. E. skṛdh, little, short.

sgròb, scratch, Ir. scrobaim: *skrobbo-, from skrob, scratch; Lat. scrobis, a ditch, scrōfa, a pig ("scratcher up"); Eng. scrape; Lettic skrabt, scrape, Ch. Sl. skreb, scrape.

sgròban, a bird's crop, Ir. scrobán; cf. Eng. crop, Ger. kropf.

sgrobha, a screw, so Ir.; from the Eng.

sgrog, the head or side of the head (in ridicule), a hat or bonnet; vb. sgrog, put on the bonnet firmly, scrog; from the Sc. scrog, scrug, Eng. shrug. In the sense of "head" compare sgruigean.

sgrog, sgrogag, anything shrivelled, a shrivelled old woman, old cow or ewe, sgrog, shrivel; from the Sc. scrog, a stunted bush, sgroggy, stunted, Eng. scraggy, Dan. skrog, Swed. skrokk, anything shrunken, Norse skrokkr.

sgroill, a peeling or paring, anything torn off; from Scandinavian - Dan. skrael, peelings or parings of apples, potatoes, Norse skríll, a mob.

sgrub, hesitate, sgrubail, a hesitating, Ir. scrub, hesitate, sgrubalach, scrupulous; from Eng. scruple.

sgrùd, examine, search, Ir. scrúdaim, O. Ir. scrútaim; from Lat. scrûtor, Eng. scrutiny.

sgruigean, neck of a bottle, the neck (in ridicule), Ir. sgruigín, neck of a bottle, short-necked person; cf. sgrog.

sgruit, an old shrivelled person, a thin person, Ir. sgruta, an old man, sgrutach, lean, sgrut, a contemptible person; cf. Norse skrudda, a shrivelled skin, old scroll.

sgrùthan (sgrù'an), a shock of corn (Assynt); from Norse skrúf, hay-cock.

sguab, a broom or besom, Ir. sguab, E.I. scúap, O. Ir. scóptha, scopata, W. ysgub, Br. skuba; from Lat. scôpa.

sguaigeis, coquetry; cf. guag.

sguainseach, hussy, hoyden (Arg.); possibly from Sc. quean: *-quean-seach; cf. siùrsach.

sguan, slur, scandal (Carm.):

sguch, sprain, strain a joint: "spring"; cf. E. Ir. scuchim, I depart, root skak, Lit. szókti, jump, spring (see sgeun).

sgud, lop, snatch; cf. W. ysgûth, scud, whisk, Eng. scud, Sc. scoot, squirt, etc. G. is borrowed.

sgùd, a cluster:

sgùd, a scout; from the Eng.

sgudal, fish-guts, offal; cf. cut.

sguga, coarse clumsy person, sgugach, a soft boorish fellow; see guga.

sguidilear, a scullion; from the Sc. scudler, scudle, cleanse.

sguids, thrash, dress flax, Ir. sguitsim; from Eng. scutch.

sgùillear, rakish person (Glenmoriston):

sguir, cease, stop, Ir. sguirim, O. Ir. scorim, desist, unyoke: *skoriô, root sker, skor, separate; see sgar.

sgùird, sgùirt, the lap, a smock, apron, Ir. sguird; from Eng. skirt, Norse skirta, a shirt.

sguit, the foot board in a boat:

sguit, a wanderer (scuìte, Shaw): Macpherson's scuta, whence he derives Scotti - an invention of his own?

sgùlan, a large wicker basket; from Scandinavian - Norse skjóla, a bucket, Sc. skeil, tub, skull, shallow basket of oval form. In Sutherland, sgulag means "a basket for holding the linen".

sgulanach, flippant, evil tongued (Carm.):

sgùm, scum, foam; from Norse skúm, foam, M. Eng. scūm, now scum, Ger. schaum, foam.

sgùman, a skirt, tawdry head-dress, corn rick; from sgùm, "skimmer"? sguman (Arran).

sgumrag, a fire-shovel, a Cinderella:

sgùr, scour, Ir. sgúraim; from the English.

sgùrr, sharp hill; Heb. for sgorr.

sì, she, Ir., O. Ir. sí; see i.

sia, six, Ir. sé; see sè.

siab, wipe, sweep along, puff away, Ir. sìobadh, blowing into drifts; *sveibbo-, root wveib, Eng. sweep; Norse sveipr, sweep, Eng. sweep. Also siabh, Hence siaban, sand drift, sea-spray.

siabh, a dish of stewed periwinkles (Heb.):

siabhas, idle ceremony:

siabhrach, a fairy, sìobhrag (Arran), siobhrag (Shaw), sìbhreach (M'A.), Ir. siabhra, E. Ir. siabrae, siabur, fairy, ghost, W. hwyfar in Gwenhwyfar, Guinevere (?): *seibro-:

siabunn, sìopunn, soap, Ir. siabhainn (fol.), W. sebon; from Lat. sapo(n), from Teut. saipô, whence Eng. soap, Ger. seife, Norse sápa.

siach, sprain, strain a joint:

siachair, a pithless wretch; another form of sìochair.

siad, a stink: *seiddo-, blow; see séid. Cf. Eng. shite.

siad, sloth, Ir. siadhail, sloth:

sian, a scream, soft music (Carm.), Ir. sian, voice, shout, sound, E. Ir. sian: *svêno-, which Stokes (Zeit.28 59) explains as *sesveno-, root sven, sound (see seinn).

sian, a pile of grass, beard of barley, Ir., E. Ir. sion, foxglove, W. ffion, digitalis, ffuon, foxglove, O. W. fionou, roses, Br. foeonnenn, privet. Stokes gives the Celtic as *(p)êâno-. Gadelic might be allied to Lat. spîna, thorn.

sian, a charm; see seun.

sian, storm, rain, Ir. síon, weather, season, storm, O. Ir. sín, tempestas, W. hin, weather, M. Br. hynon, fair weather: *sênâ; root sê (sêi) as in sìn, sìor; Norse seinn, slow, late, M.H.G. seine, slowly, Eng. sith, since.

sianan, breac-shianain, freckles; from sian, foxglove? See seunan.

siar, westward, aside, Ir. siar, O. Ir. síar; from s-iar, see iar, west, and s- under suas.

siaranachadh, languishing, siarachd, melancholy (Dial.); from siar, "going backwards"?

siasnadh, wasting, dwining (Suth.):

siatag, rheumatism; from Lat. sciatica.

sibh, you, ye, Ir. sibh, O. Ir. sib, si, W. chwi, O. W. hui, Cor. why, Br. c'houi: *sves, for s-ves (Brug.; Stokes has *svês); Gr. σφῶï, you two, Got. izvis (iz-vis); the ves is allied to Lat. vos. The form sibh is for *svi-svi.

sic, the prominence of the belly (H.S.D.), peritoneum (M'A.):

sicear, particle, grain (Carm.):

sicir, wise, steady; from Sc. sicker, M. Eng. siker, from Lat. securus, now Eng. sure. W. sicr is from M. Eng.

sìd, weather, peasceful weather after storm, tide: *sizdi-, "settling", root sed, sit? Ir. has síde in the sense of "blast", from séid. Also tìd, which suggests borrowing from N. tíð, tide, time, Eng. tide.

sil, drop, distil, Ir. silim, perf. siblais, stillavit, Br. sila, passez: *sviliô. Stokes gives the root as stil, Lat. stillo, drop, Gr. στίλη (do.). Hence silt, a drop. Cf. Eng. spill; *spild, destroy, spoil.

sile, spittle, saliva, Ir. seile, O. Ir. saile, W. haliw, Br. hal, halo: *salivâ (Stokes); Lat. saliva. Stokes says that they appear to be borrowed from Lat., while Wharton thinks the Lat. is borrowed from Gaulish.

sìliche, a lean, pithless creature: "seedy", from sìol?

simid, a mallet, beetle, Ir. siomaide:

similear, a chimney, Ir. seimileur, simnear, simne; from Eng., Sc. chimley, Eng. chimney.

simleag, a silly woman; from the next word.

simplidh, simple, Ir. simplidhe, silly, simple; from Lat. simplex, whence Eng. simple, W. syml.

sin, that, Ir., O. Ir. sin, O. W. hinn, W. hyn, hwn, hon, Corn. hen, hon (fem.), Br. hen, Gaul. sosin (= so-sin); from root so (sjo), as in -sa, so, q.v.

sìn, stretch, Ir., O. Ir. sínim: *sêno-, root sê, mittere, let go; Lat. sino, situs; Gr. ἱημι, send. Cf. sìr (from *sêro-, long). Allied is root sêi, sei, si, mittere, Norse síðr, long, seinn, slow, Lit. seinyti, reach.

sine, a teat, Ir., E. Ir. sine, triphne, tree-teated: *svenio- for *spenio-, root spen of Lit. spėnýs, udder teat, O.Pruss. spenis, teat, Norse speni, teat, Du. speen, udder, Sc. spain, wean.

sineubhar, gin, juniper tree (Suth.); Fr. geniêvre.

sinn, we, us, Ir. sinn, E. Ir. sinn, sinne, O. Ir. ni, sni, snisni, sninni, W. ni, nyni, Cor. ny, nyni, Br. ni: *nes (Brug.; Stokes gives nês), accusative form, allied to Lat. nôs, Skr. nas, Gr. νώ. The s of sni is due to analogy with the s of sibh, or else prothetic (cf. is-sé, he is).

sinnsear, ancestors, Ir. sinnsear, ancestors, an elder person, E. Ir. sinser, elder, ancestor: *senistero-, a double comparative form (like Lat. minister, magister) from sean, old, q.v.

sìnte, plough traces, from sìn.

sìnteag, a skip, pace; from sìn.

sìob, drift as snow (M'A.); see siab.

siobag, a blast of the mouth, puff, Ir. siobóg; cf. siab.

sìoban, foam on crest of waves; see siaban.

sìobail, fish, angle (M'A.), sìoblach, fishing:

siobhag, a straw, candle wick:

sioblach, a long streamer, long person (M'A.); from siab?

sìobhalta, civil, peaceful, Ir. sibhealta, from Ir. síothamhuil, peaceable, E. Ir. sídamail. Borrowing from Eng. civil has been suggested (Celt.Mag.12 169).

sìochaint, peace, Ir. síocháin, peace, síothchánta, peaceful, síodhchan, atonement, M. Ir. sídchanta, peaceful; from síth.

sìochair, a dwarf, fairy, M. Ir. sidhcaire, fairy host, síthcuiraibh (dat.pl.), E. Ir. síthchaire; from síth, fairy, and cuire, host (Ger. heer, army, Eng. herald).

sìoda, silk, Ir. síoda, E. Ir. síta, W. sidan; from L. Lat. sêta, silk from Lat. sêta, a bristle, hair; whence Ag. S. síde, silk, Eng. satin.

sìogach, pale, ill-coloured, Ir. síogach, streaked, ill-coloured, síog, a streak, a shock of corn:

siogach, greasy (M'A.), lazy (M'F.):

siogaid, a starveling, lean person; from Lat. siccus?

sìol, seed, Ir. síol, O. Ir. síl, semen, W. hil: *sêlo-n, root sê, sow; Lat. sêmen; Eng. seed, Ger. saat; Lit. pa-sėlýs, a sowing.

siola, a gill; from the Eng.

siola, a wooden collar for a plough horse; from Scandinavian - Swed. sela, a wooden collar, Norse seli, harness, sili, a strap, Sc. sele, a wooden collar to tie cattle to the stalls.

siola, a syllable, Ir. siolla, E. Ir. sillab; from Lat. syllaba, whence Eng. syllable.

sìoladh, straining, filtering, Ir. síolthughadh, E. Ir. sithlad, W. hidlo, hidl, a filter; also O. Ir. síthal = Lat. situla, a bucket; from Lat. situla (Stokes Lismre). G. sìoladh, also means "sibsiding", and leans for its meaning, if not its origin, upon sìth, peace.

sìolag, a sand-eel:

siolc, snatch, pilfer:

siolgach, lazy, swarfish:

sioll, a turn, rotation (M'A.), W. chwyl; see seal. Cf. Ir. siolla, whiff, glint, syllable; root of seal.

siolp, slip away, skulk (Skye):

sìolta, a teal, small wild duck; from Eng. teal?

sìoman, a rop of straw or hay; from the Norse sima, g.pl. símna, a rope, cord, Sc. simmonds, heather ropes (Orkneyu), Teut. *sîmon-, Ag. S. síma, fetter, Shet. simmen; Gr. ἱμονία (i long), well rope; I. E. sîmon-, a bond, band, seio-, bind.

siomlach; see seamlach.

sìon, something, anything; also "weather", for sian, whence possibly this meaning of "anything" comes.

sionadh, lord (M'Pherson's Fingal1, 341): if genuine, the root may be sen, old; cf. Lat. senior, now Eng. sir.

sionn, phosphorescent, solus sionn, phosphorus, also teine-sionnachain. For root see next.

sionnach, valve of bellows, pipe-reed, pìob-shionnaich, Irish bagpipe. From root spend, swing, play, Skr. spand, move quickly. Gr. σφεδόνη, sling, Lat. pendeo, hang, Eng. pendulum.

sionnach, a fox, so Ir., E. Ir. sinnach, sindach, O. Ir. sinnchenae, vulpecula:

sionnsar, bagpip chanter, Ir. siunsoir; from the Eng. chanter.

siop, despise; cuir an siop, turn tail on (Hend.); see sèap.

sìopunn, soap; see siabunn.

sìor, long, continual, Ir. síor, O. Ir. sír, comparative sía, W. hir, compar. hwy, Cor., Br. hir: *sêro-s; Lat. sêrus, late, Fr. soir, evening, Eng. soiree; Skr. sâyá, evening. See sian, sìn.

siorra (M'A., M'E.), siorraimh, siorram (H.S.D.), a sheriff, siorrachd, siorramachd, county, Ir. sirriamh, M. Ir. sirriam; from M. Eng. shirreve, now sheriff, "shire-reeve". The Sc. is shirra usually.

siorradh, a deviation, onset: *sith-rad, from sith?

sìorruidh, eternal, Ir. síorruidhe; from *sír-rad, eternity, sìor.

sìos, down, Ir. síos, O. Ir. sís: *s-ís, from s- (see suas) and ís, or ìos, q.v.

siosar, a scissors, Ir. siosur; from the Eng.

siota, a blackguard, a pet; from Sc. shit.

sir, search, Ir. sirim (sírim, Con.), E. Ir. sirim: *s(p)eri-, root sper, foot it; Norse spyrja, ask, track, Sc. spere, ask after, Ger. spüren, trace, track, also further Eng. spur; Lat. sperno (Eng. spurn allied), etc. The vowel of sir is short (otherwise Stokes' Dict., Rhys Manx Pray.2 71, who compares W. chwilio.

siris, sirist, a cherry, Ir. siris, W. ceirios; from M. Eng. *cheris, from O. Fr. cerise, Lat. cerasus, Gr. κέρασος.

siteag, a dunghill; from the Eng. Cf. N. saeti.

sith, a stride, onset, a dart to, Ir. sidhe, gust, M. Ir. sith, onset; cf. Ir. sith-, intensive prefix (O'Don. Gr. 277), *setu-, seti-, may be root es, ετυμός (Bez.21 123), E. Ir. sith, long, W. hyd, to, as far as, O. W. hit, longitudo, usque ad, Br. hed, length, during: *seti, root sê, as in sìor, long (Stokes). Cf. N. síðr, long, Eng. sith; root sit.

sìth, peace, Ir. síth, síoth, E. Ir. síth, O. Ir. síd: *sêdos (neut. s stem), root sed (sêd) of suidhe, q.v.; Lat. sêdo, settle; Lit. sėdáti, sit. W. hedd, peace, is from sĕd.

sìth, a fairy, sìthich (do.), Ir. sídh, a fairy hill, sígh, a fairy, sígheóg (do.), O. Ir. síde, dei terreni, whose dwelling is called síd; in fact, síde, the fairy powers, is the pl. (ge. s. ?) of síd, fairy dwelling or mound, while its gen. sing. appears in mná síde, fir síde: *sêdos, g. sêdesos, as in the case of sìth, peace, which is its homonym (Stokes); root se, sêd, Gr. ἑδος, a temple or statue, literally an "abode" or "seat"; Lat. noven-sides, noven-siles, the new gods imported to Rome. Thurneysen has compared Lat. sîdus, a constellation, "dwelling of the gods". Hence sìthean, a green knoll, fairy knoll.

sithionn, venison, Ir. sídh, and sídheann (O'R.), M. Ir. sieng, sideng, deer, W. hyddgig (= "stag's flesh"), from hydd, stag, red deer: *sedi-, deer; to which is to be referred M. Ir. segh (= agh allaidh, O'Cl.), E. Ir. ség (= oss allaidh, Corm.).

sitig, the rafter of a kiln laid across, on which the corn is dried:

sitinn, roller for a boat:

sitir, sitrich, neighing, Ir. sitreach: cf. séid, blow (*svid-tri-).

siubhal, walking, so Ir., M. Ir. siubal, for *siumal, W. chwyf, motus, chwyfu, move, stir, M. Br. fifual, now finval, stir; root svem, move; O. H. G., Ag. S. swimman, Eng. swim. Cf. W. syflyd, move, stir.

siubhla; see luighe-siubhla.

siuc, a word by which horses are called:

siucar (siùcar, H.S.D.), sugar, Ir. siúcra, W. sugr; from M. Eng. sugre, Fr. sucre.

siùdadh, swinging; from Sc. showd, swing, waddle, O.Sax. skuddian, shake, O.Du. schudden (do.), Eng. shudder.

siug, call to drive away hens; cf. Eng. shoo!

siunas, lovage plant; see sunais.

sìup, a tail, appendage; cf. sèap.

siùrsach, a whore; from the Eng., with the G. fem. termination -seach (see òinnseach).

siuthad, say away, begin, go on: *seo-tu, "here you", from so and tu? Cf. trobhad, thugad.

slabhag, pith of a horn: Sc. sluch?

slabhagan, a kind of reddish sea-weed, sloke, Ir. slabhacán; from Eng. sloke, Sc. sloke, slake.

slabhcar, a slouching fellow (Suth.), a taunter; from Norse slókr, slouching fellow, whence Eng. slouch.

slabhraidh, a chain, Ir. slabhra, O. Ir. slabrad: *slab-rad, from slab, root laꬶ, of Gr. λαμβάνω, I take, catch, Eng. latch.

slachd, thrash, beat, Ir. slacairim; root slag, sleg, or sḷg, E. Ir. sligim, beat, strike, slacc, sword: *slegô, beside I. E. slak as in Got. slaha, strike, Ger. schlagen (do.), Eng. slay (Stokes for sligim); further Lat. lacerare, lacerate, Gr. λακίζω, tear (Kluge). Hence slachdan, beetle, rod.

slad, theft, Ir. slad, M. Ir. slat: *sladdo-. Stokes gives the Celtic as *stlatt-, allied to Lat. stlâta (stlatta), pirate ship, and Eng. steal. The modern forms point to Gadelic *sladdo-, for *stḷ-ddo-, allied to Eng. steal?

sladhag, a sheaf of corn ready to be thrashed (H.S.D.):

sladhaigeadh, a kind of custard spread over bread (M'D.):

slag, a hollow (Lewis); N. slakki, slope, North Eng. hollow.

slàib, mire; see làban. Skeat refers Eng. slab, slime, but it is likely native (cf. slop, etc.).

slaid, a minificent gift:

slaightear, slaoightear, a rogue, Ir. sloitire, rogue, sloitireachd, roguery, M. Ir. sleteoracht, theft (O'Cl.); from slad (Ir. sloit), rob.

slaim, great booty, a heap: from the Sc. slam, a share or possession acquired not rightly, slammach, to seize anything not entirely by fair means, Swed. slama, heap together.

slais, lash; from the Eng.

slam, a lock of hair or wool, Ir. slám, E. Ir. slamm: *slags-men, Gr. λάχος, wool, λάχνη, down (otherwise Prellwitz, who refers Gr. to *vḷk-snâ, root vel of ollann, q.v.

slaman, curdled milk, Ir. slamanna, clots, flakes (O'Cl.), E. Ir. slaimred (na fola). Cf. lommen, gulp.

slàn, healthy, whole, Ir., O. Ir. slán: *sḹ-no- (Brug.), *sϑlâno-s (Stokes); Lat. salvus (= sḹ-vo-, Brug.), safe, solidus, firm Eng. solid; Gr. ὁλος, whole (= σόλFos); Eng. silly, originally meaning "blessed", Ger. selig, blessed; Skr. sárvas, whole, all. W., Br. holl is referred here by Stokes, etc., more immediately allied to Lat. sollus, whole, all.

slaod, drag, trail, Ir. slaodaim, draw after, slide, slaod, a raft, float, E. Ir. sláet, a slide: *sloiddo-, Celtic root sleid, slid; W. litthro, Eng. slide, Ag. S. slídan, Ger. schlitten, slide, sledge (n.); Lit. slidùs, smooth, Gr. ὀλισηανω, *slid-d-. Stokes explains the d of slaod as for dd, from -dnó-: *slaidh-nó-.

slaop, parboil, slaopach, parboiled, slovenly, Ir. slaopach, lukewarm (O'R.); also slaopair, a sloven, for which see next.

slapach, slàpach, slovenly, Ir. slapach, slovenly, slapar, a trail or train; from Scandinavian - Norse slápr, a good-for-nothing, slaepa, vestis promissa et laxa (Jamieson), sloppr, Eng. slop, Sc. slaupie, slovenly, Dutch slap, slack, remiss, Ger. schlaff.

slapraich, din, noise; from Eng. slap.

slat, a rod, twig, Ir. slat, M. Ir. slat, slatt, W. llath, yslath, Br. laz: *slattâ; Eng. lath is from W. M. Eng. latte, Ag. S. laetta, O. H. G. latta, Ger. latte are also Celtic borrows, Fr. latte (Thurneysen), but Kluge regards them as cognate.

sleabhag, mattock for digging up carrots, etc. (Carm.); sleidheag, kind of ladle (Lewis); cf. N. sleif.

sleagh, a spear, so Ir., E. Ir. sleg: *sḹgâ; Skr. sṛj, hurl, sling.

sleamacair, sly person (Lewis); cf. N. slaemr, bad.

sleamhan, stye (Carm.):

sleamhuinn, slippery, smooth, Ir. sleamhuin, O. Ir. slemon, W. llyfn, smooth, O. Br. limn (in compounds): *slib-no-s, root slib, sleib; Norse sleipr, slippery, Eng. slip, slippery; Gr. ὀλιβρός, λιβρός, slippery. See sliabh also.

sléigeil, dilatory, sleugach, drawling, slow, sly; also leug, laziness; from the Sc. sleek?

sléisneadh, back-sliding (Heb.): *sleið-s-, root of slaod and Eng. slide?

sleuchd, kneel, Ir. sléachdain, O. Ir. sléchtaim; frpom Lat. flecto.

sliabh, a moor, mountain, Ir. sliabh, mountain, O. Ir. slíab: *sleibos, root sleib, slib, glide, down, I. E. sleiꬶo-; Eng. slope, from slip, Norse sleipr, slippery; see sleamhuinn. W. llwyf, platform, loft, seems allied to G. sliabh.

sliachdair, spread any soft substance by trampling, daub: *sleikto-, sleig, Norse slíkr, smooth, Eng. sleek, Ger. schlick, grease, the original idea being "greasy", like soft mud. Cf. E. Ir. sliachtad, smoothing, preening.

sliasaid, sliasad (sliaisd, Dial.), thigh, Ir. sliasad, O. Ir. sliassit, poples: a diphthongal form of the root of slis, q.v.

slibist, a sloven; cf. Ir. sliobair, drag along; from Eng. slip, sloven.

slige, a scale of a balance, a shell, Ir. slige, a grisset, shell, O. Ir. slice, lanx, ostrea: *sleggio-, root sleg, for which cf. slachd.

slighe, a way, Ir. slighe, E. Ir. slige, g. sliged: *sleget-, root sleg of Ir. sligim, I. strike (ro sligsetar, ro selgatar rotu, they hewed out ways). See slachd further.

slinn, a weaver's sley or reed, Ir. slinn, a sley, M. Ir. slind, pecten, also slige, pecten, which suggests for slinn a stem: *sleg-s-ni-, sleg being the same root as that of slighe and slachd. Cf. Eng. sley allied to slay, smite. Stokes refers both O. Ir. slind, tile and weaver's sley, to the root splid, splind, Eng. split, splint. See slinnean and sliseag further.

slinnean, shoulder blade, shoulder, Ir. slinneán, M. Ir. slindén: cf. O. Ir. slind, imbrex, tile, Ir. slinn, slate, tile, also E. Ir. slind-gér, smooth-sharp, slate-polished (?), slinnd-glanait, whetstone-cleaned: *slindi-, root slid, sleid, smooth, glide, Eng. slide, Lit. slidùs, smooth. Stokes refers slind, imbrex, to the root splid, splind, split, Eng. split, splint; see sliseag.

slìob, stroke, rub, lick, Ir. sliobhaim, polish, M. Ir. slipthe, whettened, slibad, whetting, W. yslipan, burnish; from Norse or Ag. S. - Norse slípa, whet, make sleek, Ag. S. slípan, slip, glide, M.L.Ger. slípen, sharpen, M.Du. slijpen, polish, sharpen.

sliochd, posterity, tribe, Ir. sliochd, M. Ir. slicht, trace, track, O. Ir. slict, vestigium: *slektu-, root sleg of slighe and slachd. For similar origin, cf. Ger. geschlecht, race, lineage.

slìogach, sly, Ir. slíogach, sleek, fawning, slígthech, sly; from Eng., Sc. sleek, Norse slíkr, smooth; I. E. sleiꬶ, glide (see sliabh).

slìom, sleek, slippery, slim, the buttercup (Carm.), Ir. slíomaim flatter, smooth, gloss over; from Eng. slim, sly, crafty, slender, now "slim", Sc. slim, naughty, slim o'er, gloss over, O.Du. slim, awry, crafty, Ger. schlimm, bad, cunning. Hence G. slìomaire, weakling, craven.

sliop, a lip, blubber lip; from Eng. lip.

slios, the side of a man or beast, flank, Ir. slios, O. Ir. sliss, pl. slessa, W. ystlis: *stlisti-, root stel, extend, Lat. stlâtus, lâtus, wide, Ch. Sl. stelja, spread.

slis, sliseag, a chip, Ir. slis, sliseóg, E. Ir. sliss: *slissi-, from *splid-s-ti, root splid. Eng. split, splice, splint, Ger. spleissen, etc. Eng. slice has been compared, Eng. slit, root slid, which could also produce the Gadelic forms.

slisneach, a plant like the slan-lus (Carm.):

sloc, a pit, slough, Ir. sloc: *slukko-, for *slug-ko-, root slug, swallow, as in slug, q.v. Skeat derives hence Ag. S. slóh, Eng. slough. Ger. schlucht, hollow, ravine, is referred by Kluge to the root slup, lubricus.

slod, a puddle, Ir. slod; see lod.

slòcan, sloke; from the Sc. or Eng. sloke.

sloinn, surname, Ir. sloinnim, I. name, O. Ir. slondim, name, significo, slond, significatio, O. W. islinnit, profatur, M.W. cy-stlwn, family and clan name, W. ystlyned, kindred, ystlen, sex: *stlondo-, *stlondiô, I speak, name.

sloisir, dash, beat against sea-like, daub; from Sc. slaister, bedaub, a wet liquid mass, to move clumsily through a miry road, also slestir (Badenoch Dial. sleastair, bedaub).

sluagh, people, Ir. sluagh, O. Ir. sluag, slóg, W. llu, Corn. lu, Gaul. slôgi, in Catu-slogi: *slougo-s, cf. Slav. sluga, a servant, Lit. slauginti.

sluaisreadh, act of mixing (lime, etc.) with a shovel; see next word. Cf. Eng. slubber.

sluasaid, a shovel, Ir. sluasad, a paddle, a shovel:

slug, swallow, slugadh (inf.), Ir. slugaim, E. Ir. slucim, slocim: *sluggô, root slug, lug, swallow; Ger. schlucken, to swallow, M.H.G. slucken: Gr. λúζω, λυγγαίνω, have the hiccup. W. llwnc, gullet, a gulp, llyncu, to swallow, O. Br. ro-luncas, guturicavit, m.Br. lloncaff are allied to E. Ir. longad, now longadh, eating, which is a nasalised form of the root slug, lug.

smachd, authority, correction, Ir. smachd, O. Ir. smacht, M. Ir. smachtaigim, I enjoin, smacht, fine for breaking the law: *smaktu-, from s-mag, root mag, I. E. magh, be strong; Eng. may, Got. magan, be able; Gr. μῆχος, means (see mac).

smad, a particle, jot: "spot, stain" (see smod). From Sc. smad, smot, a stain, Eng. smut. Ir. has smadán, soot, smut. Cf. also M. Ir. smot, a scrap, Ir. smotán, a block, W. ysmot, patch, spot.

smàd, threaten, intimidate, boast:

smàg, smòg, a paw; see smòg.

smal, dust, spot, blemish, Ir. smál, smól; root smal, mal (smel, mel), Lit. smálkas, dust, smėlynas, sand field, smelalis, sand, Lettic smelis, water sand, Got. málma, sand, Norse melr, sand hill, Eng. mole.

smàl, snuff a candle, Ir. smál, embers, snuff of candle; cf. the above word.

smalag, the young saith or cuddie:

smaoin, think; see smuain.

smarach, a lad, a growing youth (Badenoch); root smar, from mar, mer, Gr. μεῖραζ, boy, Skr. maryakás, a mannie, máryas, young man, Lit. marti, bride; also W. morwyn, girl, merch, daughter, Br. merc'h. Cf. Aran Ir. marlach, child of two to five years, either sex.

smarag, an emerald, Ir. smaragaid; from Lat. smaragdus, whence through Fr. comes Eng. emerald.

smeachan, the chin, Ir. smeach, smeachan, E. Ir. smech: *smekâ; Lit. smakrà, Lettic smakrs, chin, palate; Skr. çmaçru, moustache.

smeadairneach, a slumber, slight sleep:

smeallach, smealach, remains, offals, dainties:

smèid, beckon, nod, Ir. sméidim, beckon, nod, hiss: *smeiddi-, root smeid, smile, Gr. μειδάω, smile, Pruss. smaida, a smile, Eng. smile. W. amneidio, beckon, nod, O. W. enmeituou, nutus, O. Br. enmetiam, innuo, do not agree in vowel with Gadelic.

smeileach, pale, ghastly, smeilean, a pale, puny person; cf. meileach.

smeòirn, the end of an arrow next the bowstring, smeorine, back end of arrow head (Wh.), Ir. smeirne, a spit, broach (Sh., O'R.):

smeórach, a thrush, Ir. smólach, smól, M. Ir. smolach; W. mwyalch, blackbird, Corn. moelh, Br. moualch: *smugal-, *smugl-, from mug (see mùch)? Stokes derives W. mwyalch, blackbird, from *meisalko-, Ger. meise, Eng. tit-mouse.

smeur, smiar, anoint, smear, Ir. sméaraim, grease, smear; from the Eng. For root see smior.

smeur, smiar, a bramble berry, Ir. smeur, E. Ir. smér, W. mwyaren, Br. mouar (pl.):

smeuraich, grope; from meur.

smid, a syllable, opening of the mouth, a word, Ir. smid: *smiddi-, root smid, smeid, smile, laugh, as in sméid?

smig, the chin, Ir. smig, M. Ir. smeice (O'C.): *smeggi-, for *smek-gi, root smek, as in smeachan?

smigeadh, a smile, smiling, Ir. smig, smigeadh: *smǐggi, root smi, smile, for which see smèid. Also mìog, q.v.

smiodan, spirit; from Sc. smeddum.

smiolamus, refuse of a feast (M'A.); see smolamas.

smior, smear, marrow, Ir. smior, E. Ir. smir, g. smera, W. mer: *smeru-; O. H. G. smero, grease, Ag. S. smeoru, lard, Eng. smear, Norse smjŏrr, butter.

smiot, throw in the air with one hand and strike with the other; formed on Eng. smite.

smiotach, crop-eared, short-chinned (R.D.), Ir. smiot, ear:

smiùr, smear; from the Sc. smear, Eng. smear. See smeur.

smod, dirt, dust, also (according to M'A.) drizzling raid; from Sc. smot, Eng. smut. See smad.

smodal, sweepings, crumbs, fragments, smattering, M. Ir. smot, a scrap; cf. above word.

smòg, smàg, a paw; cf. Norse smjùga, creep through a hole, Ag. S. smúgan, creep, Eng. smuggle. For smàg, see also màg.

smolamas, trash, fragments of victuals; cf. strolamas, brolamas.

smuain, a thought, Ir. smuaineadh, M. Ir. smuained: *smoudn-, root smoud, moud; Got. gamaudjan, remind, cause to remember; Ch. Sl. myslǐ-, thought (Strachan). Cf. M. Ir. muaidnig, thought.

smuairean, grief, dejection: *smoudro-, root smoud of above?

smuais, marrow, juice of the bones, Ir. smuais, marrow, E. Ir. smuas:

smuais, smash, Ir. smuais, in shivers, in pieces; from Eng. smash.

smùc, a snivel, a nasal sound (smùch, M'A.); for root, see smug (s-mûc-c).

smùcan, smoke, drizzle; from Eng. smoke.

smùdan, a particle of dust; see smod.

smùdan, a small block of wood, Ir. smotan, stock, block, log:

smùdan, smoke; see smùid.

smug, snot, spittle, smugaid, spittle, Ir. smug, smugaid: *smuggo-, root smug, mug, mucus; Lat. emungo, wipe the nose. The root müg is a by-form of muq, mucus, seen in Lat. mucus, etc.; for which see muc.

smùid, smoke, Ir. smúid, E. Ir. smúit, smútgur, smútcheo: *smúddi-, root smud. Cf. Eng. smut, Ger. schmutz, dirt; which Zem. thinks the Gadelic borrowed from, though the meaning makes this unlikely. There are three allied roots on European ground denoting "smoke"—smûgh (Gr. σμΰχω, smoulder), smúg, or smaug (Eng. smoke) and smûd (G. smùid).

smuig, a snout, the face (in ridicule): from the Eng. mug, ugly face.

smuilc, glumness, dejection; M. Ir. smuilcín, a small snout: "snoutyness".

smùrach, dross, peat dross, smùir, dust, a particle of dust, smùirnean, a mote; cf. Sc. smurach, peat dross, smore, smurr, a drizzling rain, M. Eng. smóre, dense smoke, Eng. smother (= smorther), O.Du. smoor. O'R. has smur from Sh., and K. Meyer translates M. Ir. smur-chimilt as "grind to dust".

smùsach, extracting the juice from (Suth.):

smut, a bill, snout, Ir. smut, a large flat nose, snout:

snag, a little audible knock, a wood pecker (snagan-daraich), Ir. snag, hiccup; cf. Eng. snock, a knock, and the next word. Ir. snag, snagardarach, snaghairdara, a wood pecker, seems from snaidh.

snagaireachd, cutting or hacking wood with a knife; from Dial. Eng. snagger, a tool for snagging or cutting off snags, that is branches, knots, etc., Sc. snagger-snee, a large knife, snicker-snee, sneg, snag, cut off branches.

snagarra, active; from the above roots; cf. snasmhor.

snaidh, hew, chip, shape, Ir. snoighim, snaidhim (O'D.), E. Ir. snaidim, snaisi, peeled, W. naddu, hew, chip, cut. O. Cor. nedim, ascia (W. neddyf, neddai, adze, Br. eze, neze), M. Br. ezeff: *snadô; Ger. schnat, border, schnate, a young twig, Swiss schnätzen, cut, Swab. schnatte, an incision in wood or flesh (Bez. apud Stokes). Strachan suggests the root sknad, Gr. κναδάλλω, scratch, κνωδώνν, tooth (see cnàmh). Hence snas, regularity.

snàig, creep; from Sc. snaik, sneak in walking, etc., snaikin, sneaking, Eng. sneak, snake. Cf. Ir. snaighim, I creep.

snaim, a knot, Ir. snaidhm, E. Ir. snaidm, d. snaidmaimm, naidm, bond, nexus: *nadesmen, root ned, bind, I. E. nedh; Skr. nah, tie, naddha-s, tied; Ger. nestel, lace, O. H. G. nestila, a band; Lat. nôdus, for noz-dos, a knot. See nasg.

snàmh, swim, Ir. snámhaim, E. Ir. snám (inf.), ro snó, swam, W. nawf, natatio, nofio (vb.), M. Br. neuff, Br. neunv: *snâmu, (n.), snâô, I swim; Lat. no, nâre; Gr. νάω, flow; Skr. snâti, bathe, float.

snaodh, head, chief; ceann-snaodh, head chief (Carm.):

snaois, a slice, piece; cf. E. Ir. snaisse, cut, caesus, from snaidh.

snaoisean, snuff, Ir. snaoisín, snísín; from Eng. sneezing in sneesing powder, the old name for snuff, Sc. sneeshin, sneezin.

snaomanach, a strong, robust fellow, Ir. snaománach, stout, jolly fellow, hearty: "knotty", from *snadm- of snaim?

snaoidh, a bier, Ir. snaoi:

snap, the trigger of a gun; from the English snap.

snas, regularity, elegance, Ir. snas: "goot cut", from snad of snaidh; E. Ir. snass, a cut.

snàth, thread, Ir. snáth, O. Ir. snáthe, W. ysnoden, lace, fillet, noden, thread, Corn. noden, snod, vitta, Br. neudenn: *snâtio-, *snâto-n, root snâ, snê, wind, spin; Skr. snâyu, sinew, bow-string; Gr. εὔννητος, well-spun; Ger. schnur, lace, tie. See the allied snìomh and the next word below.

snàthad, a needle, Ir. snáthad, O. Ir. snáthat, W. nodwydd, O.Corn. notuid, Br. nadoz, nadoez: *snatantâ, snâteijâ, from snât of snàth above; cf. Eng. needle, Got. nêþla, O. H. G. nâdala, Ger. nadel.

sneachd, snow, so Ir., O. Ir. snechta, pl. snechti, nives, W. nyf: *sniqtaio-, *snibi- (Welsh), I. E. sniꬶh, sneiꬶh; Got. snaiws, Eng. snow, Ger. schnee; Lat. nix, nivis; Gr. νίφα (acc.), νίφει, it snows; Lit. sniñga (vb.), snḗgas, snow; Zend. çnizh.

sneadh, a nit, Ir. sneagh, O. Ir. sned, W. nedd, nits, Corn., nedhan, Br. nezenn: *sknidâ; Ag. S. hnitu, Eng. nit, Ger. niss; Gr. κόνιδες, nits.

snicean, a stitch of clothing (Arg.):

snigh, drop, fall in drops, ooze through in drops, Ir. snidhim, E. Ir. snigim, W. di-nëu, effundere, Br. di-nou, melt, thaw, I. E. sneiꬶho-, wet; Skr. snih, snéhati, to be humid. Allied to sneachd.

snìomh, spin, wind, twist, Ir. sníomhaim, M. Ir. snímaire, a spindle. sním, spinning: *snêmu-, root, snê, nê; Gr. νῆμα, yarn. See snàth further. W. has nyddu, nere, Corn. nethe, Br. nezaff. In the sense of "sadness", there is E. Ir. sním, distress, Br. niff, chagrin.

snòd, affix a fishing hook to the line, Manx snooid; from Sc. snood, the hair line to which the hook is attached, a fillet, Ag. S. snód, fillet, Eng. snood.

snodan, rapid motion of a boat.

snodha, snodha gàire, a smile; see snuadh.

snodhach, sap of a tree; root snu, flow, Ir. snuadh, a stream, Gr. νέω, swim, Eng. snot, Norse snúa, turn, Got. sniwan, go.

snoigeas, testiness; from Sc. snog, snag, snarl, flout.

snot, smell, snuff the wind, turn up the nose in smelling; founded on Eng. snout.

snuadh, hue, appearance, beauty, Ir. snuadh, M. Ir. snúad; root snu, flow, as in E. Ir. snuad, hair, head of hair, Ir. snuadh, stream (see snodhach).

so, here, this, Ir. so, E. Ir., P.Ir. seo, so: *sjo- (beside *so, as in -sa, -se), Skr. syá, sá, the, this, Ger. sie, she, they, O. H. G. siu, she (= Skr. syā́, G. sì).

so-, a prefix denoting good quality, Ir. só-, O. Ir. so-, su-, W. hy, Br. he-; Skr. su-, good, Zend. hu-.

sòbhaidh, sò'aidh, turn, prevent, O. Ir. sóim, inf. sood, root sov, discussed under iompaidh.

sobhrach, sòbhrach, (M'L.), primrose, Ir. sobhróg (Fol.), somharcin (O'B.), sóbhrach (O'R.), E. Ir. sobrach, g. sobarche:

soc, forepart of anything, ploughshare, snout, Ir. soc, E. Ir. socc, W. swch (f.), Cor. soch, Br. soc'h, souc'h (m.): *succo-, snout, pig's snout, *sukku-, a pig, W. hwch, Cor. hoch, Br. houc'h (Ag. S. sugu, Eng. sow, Lat. sûs, etc.). So Thurneysen (Rom., 112), who clinches his argument by E. Ir. corr being both "crane" and "beak". Fr. soc, ploughshare, Eng. sock are from Celtic. Stokes suggests the possibility of Celtic being from Med. Lat. soccus, vomer, or allied to O. H. G. seh, vomer, Lat. secare.

socair, ease, easy, Ir. socair, easy, secure, M. Ir. soccair; opposite is deacair, O. Ir. seccair: *di-acair, *so-acair, from *acar, convenience, root cor, place, as in cuir. Hence acarach.

sochair, a benefit, emolument, Ir. sochar, emolument, wealth, ease, M. Ir. sochor, good contract (Sench. Mór); from so- and cor, q.v.

sochar, silliness, a yielding disposition, socharach, simple, compliant, Ir. socharach, obliging, easy, W. hygar, amiable, Br. hegar, benignus; from so- and càr, dear. The Ir. is also from sochar, ease.

sochd, silence, Ir. sochd (O'R., Sh.), M. Ir. socht: *sop-tu-, root svop of suain (Dr Cameron).

sod, noise of boiling water, steam of water in which meat is boiled, boiled meat, Ir. sod, boiled meat (O'B.); from Norse soð, broth or water in which meat has been boiled, Eng. sodden, seethe, sod, Sc. sotter, boil slowly, sottle, noise of boiling porridge, etc.

sod, an awkward person, a stout person; from Sc. sod, a heavy person, sodick, soudie, a clumsy heavy woman.

sodag, a pillion, clout; from Sc. sodds, a saddle made of cloth.

sodal, pride, flattery, Ir. sodal, sotal, sutal, O. Ir. sotla, pride, insolence, sotli, animositates; this has been adduced as the source of Eng. sot, Fr. sot. According to Stokes *sput-tlo-, W. ffothyll, pustula, Lat. pustula, Skr. phutkar, puff (Stokes).

sodan, caressing, joy, joyous reception:

sodar, trotting, a trotting horse (Sh., Lh., etc.), Ir. sodar, trotting:

sog, sogan, mirth, good humour, tipsiness; from *sugg, a short form of the root of sùgradh.

sògh, luxury, riot, Ir. sógh, M. Ir. sodh, E. Ir. suaig, prosperous: *su-ag-, root ag of aghaidh, àgh.

soidealta, bashful, ignorant; see saidealta.

soidean, a jolly-looking or stout person; see sod.

soighne, soighneas, pleasure, delight, Ir. sóighneas: so-gne-, root gen.

soileas, officiousness, flattery, Ir. soilíos; from Lat. sollicitus?

soilgheas, wind, a fair wind:

soilleir, clear, visible, Ir. soilléir: from so- and léir. The ll is due to the analogy of soillse.

soillse, brightness, so Ir., O. Ir. soillse, soilse: *svelnestio-; see solus for connections.

soimeach, prosperous, easy, easy circumstanced, good-natured, seems to combine O. Ir. somme, dives, and O. Ir. soinmech, lucky, good, Ir. soinmheach, fortunate, happy. The former Stokes derives from so-imbi-s, for which see iomadh; the latter is so-nem-ech, root nem, under nèamh. M. Ir. somenmnach, good-spirited, is from meanmna.

soin, esteem (n.), soineil, handsome; cf. sònraich for the root.

soinionn, soineann, fair weather, Ir. soinean, M. Ir. soinend, E. Ir. sonend; the opposite of soinionn is doinionn, for su-sîn-enn, du-sîn-enn, from sín, now sian, weather, rain (Stokes).

soir, the east, Ir. soir, E. Ir. sair; from s- (see suas) and air (= *are), on, q.v.

soir, sack, vessel, bottle; cf. searrag.

soirbh, easy, gentle, soirbheas, success, wind, flatulence (Arg.), Ir. soirbh, O. Ir. soirb, facilis, opposed to doirb, difficilis, root reb, or rib, manare (Ascoli). But compare Gaelic reabh.

sois, snug, fond of ease (M'A.); from Sc. sosh, snug, social.

sòise, a ball of fire in the sky, a portent (M'A.):

soisgeul, gospel, Ir. soisgéal, soisgeul, O. Ir. soscéle; from so- and sgeul.

soisinn, taste, decency, rest, stillness; from Sc. sonsy?

soitheach, a vessel, Ir. soitheach, M. Ir. soithech, saithech: *satiko-:

soitheamh, tame, docile, gentle: *so-seimh, from sèimh? So Munro, who writes soisheamh.

sol, ere, before, Ir., E. Ir. sul; root svel of seal.

sòlach, highly delighted (M'A.; sollach, jolly, Arms.); founded on sòlas. Arm.'s word seems from Eng. jolly.

solar, a provision, purveying, preparing, Ir. soláthar; from so- and làthair.

sòlas, joy, comfort, solace, Ir. sólas; from Lat. sôlatium, Eng. solace.

sollain, a welcome, rejoicing, Ir. sollamhuin, a solemnity, feast, rejoicing, E. Ir. sollamain; from Lat. sollemne, Eng. solemnity.

solus, light, Ir., M. Ir. solus, E. Ir. solus, bright: *svḷnestu-, root svel; Ag. S. svelan, glow, Eng. sultry; Gr. σέλας, light, σελήνη, moon, ἑλάνη, torch; Skr. svar, sheen, sun.

somalta, bulky, large, placid; from M. Ir. soma, abundance, with adj. terminations -ail and ta. See soimeach further.

somh, convert, upset (Carm.); cf. Ir. sóm.

son, sake, cause, air son, on account of, Ir. son, ar son, M. Ir. son, er son; from E. Ir. son, word (root sven of seinn)?

sona, happy, ir., E. Ir. sona, opposite of dona: *so-gná-vo-s, "well-doing"; root gna of gnìomh.

sonn, a stout man, hero; from sonn, club, staff, M. Ir. suinn catha, captains, "staves of battle". Cf. N. stafn-buar, the stem men, or picked marines on the forecastle. Cf. Tàillear dubh na tuaighe was "ursainn chatha nan Camshronach". See sonn.

sonn, a staff, cudgel, beam, Ir., E. Ir. sonn, W. ffon, O. W. fonn: *spondo-, Gr. σφενδόνη, a sling, σφεδανός, vehement; Skr. spand, draw, move; Lat. pendo, hang (Rhys). Stokes gives the stem *spundo, allied to Norse spjót, a lance, O. H. G. spioz, spit, spear. Cf. M.Lat. spnda, trabecula, repagulum.

sònraich, appoint, ordain, Ir. sonraighim, sonrach, special, E. Ir. sunnraid, O. Ir. sainriud, especially, sainred, proprietas, sain, singularis, proprius, O. W. han, alium: *sani-, especially; Got. sundrô, privately, Eng. sunder; Lat. sine, without; Skr. sanutár, without.

sop, a wisp, Ir. sop, E. Ir. sopp, W. sob, sopen; from Eng. sop, Norse soppa. Zimmer takes the Ir. from Norse svöppr, sponge, ball; Stokes derives it from Norse sópr, besom. the W. sob, sopen favours and Eng. source.

sòr, hesitate, grudge, shun:

soraidh, a farewell, blessing, Ir. soraidh, happy, successful, M. Ir. soraid, E. Ir. soreid; from so- and réidh.

†sorcha, light, bright, Ir., E. Ir. sorcha; opposite of dorch, q.v

sorchan, rest or support, foot-stool, light stand, peer-man; from sorcha.

sòrn, a flue, vent, Ir. sórn, E. Ir. sornn, W. ffwrn, Corn. forn; from Lat. furnus, oven, whence Eng. furnace.

sos, a coarse mess or mixture; from Sc. soss.

spad, kill, fell, Ir. spaidim, benumb, spaid, spad, a clod (cf. spairt), a sluggard, eunuch; cf. W. ysbaddu, exhaust, geld, from Lat. spado, eunuch. Hence spadanta, benumbed.

spad-, flat, Ir. spad-; from *spad of spaid, spade?

spadag, a quarter or limb of an animal cut off; from L. Lat. spatula, a shoulder blade, spatula prcina, leg of pork, also spadula, a shoulder, spadlaris, a quarter of a beast. Cf. W. yspaud, shoulder.

spadair, fop, braggart; cf. Norse spjátra, behave as a fop. See spaideil.

spadal, a paddle, plough-staff, so Ir.; from M. Eng. spaddle, paddle, dim. of spade.

spadhadh, a strong and quick pull, the utmost extent of the outstretched arms, the grass cut by one scythe-stroke, spadh, a scyth's stroke (Bad.); from Lat. spatium. Meyer objects. If Stokes' theory were right spadh could be from root spa, pull, span. Cf. Eng. swath.

spàg, a claw or paw, limb of an animal, club-foot, spàgach, club-footed or awkward in the legs, Ir. spág, claw, club-foot, clumsy leg, W. ysbach, a claw; spàga-da-ghlid, a buffoon, tomfool (Wh.):

spagach, uttering words indistinctly, spagadh, obliquity of the mouth, spaig, a wry mouth:

spagluinn, ostentation, conceit:

spaid, a spade, Ir. spád; from the Eng.

spaideil, foppish, well-dressed: "strutting", from Lat. spatior, as in spaisdear below? Cf., however, spadair.

spailp, pride, conceit, spailpean, fop, Ir. spailp, spailpín, rascal, mean fellow, "spalpeen":

spàin, a spoon, Manx spain; from norse spánn, spónn, spoon, chip, M. Eng. spōn, Ag. S. spón, chip. Ir. spúnóg, spoon, is from the Eng.

spàirn, an effort, struggle, Ir. spáirn, sbáirn, wrestling, struggling; from the Norse sporna, kick with the feet, struggle, sperna, kick, spurn, Eng. spurn. Hennessey derived it from Eng. sparring (Athenœum, 15/8/71).

spairiseach, foppish, spairis, having the hands in the trousers' pockets (M'A.); founded on Sc. spare, opening of the fore part of the breeches.

spairt, a turf, clod, a splash, Ir. spairt; verb spairt, daub, plaster, splash, brain, Ir. spairtim: cf. N. sparða, pole-axe, whence M. Eng. spert or spart.

spaisdear, spaidsear, a saunterer, spaisdeireachd, sauntering, Ir. spaisdeóireachd, promenading, walking; Norse spázera, walk, Dan. spadsere, Ger. spazieren, from Ital. (13th Cent.), spaziare: all from Lat. spatior, walk, promenade.

spàl, a shuttle, Ir. spól; from Norse spóla, a weaver's shuttle, M. Eng. spōle, now spool, Ger. spule, bobbin, spool. Hence spàlag, pea pod.

spang, thin plate of metal, spangle; from Norse spöng, g. spangar, a spangle, M. Eng. spang, now spangle, Ag. S. spange, a clasp, Ger. spange, buckle.

spann, sever, divide, wean (a child); from Sc. spain, spane, wean, prevent, confused with M. Eng. spannen, stretch, span.

spann, a hinge, hasp; from the Eng. spang, a spangle, Ag. S. spang, a hasp; or Ag. S. spannan, to clasp, Norse spenna, spennir, grasper, Sc. spenn, to button.

spaoill, speill, wrap, swathe: *svil, *sveil, as in till, etc.

spàrdan, a roost, from spàrr.

spàrr, a joist, beam, roost, Ir. sparra, wedge, spear, E. Ir. sparr, a beam, joist; from Norse sparri, a spar, Swed., Dan. sparre, O. H. G. sparro, bar, balk, Ger. sperren, a spar, Eng. spar. Hence G. spàrr, drive as a nail or sedge, thrust, Ir. sparraim; G. sparrag, a bridgle bit, "little bar".

spathalt, a limb, a clumsy libm; cf. spoll.

sparsan, the dew-lap of a beast, Ir. sparsan (Lh., O'B); see spursan.

speach, a wasp, connspeach, for conas-beach, "wrangling or dog bee", from beach, bee? The Ir. for "wasp" is eircbheach. connspeach is referred by Stokes (Dict. 302) to *spekâ, Gr. σφήξ; for phonetics cf. padhadh, piuthar, also speir and speal.

speach, a blow, thrust, stitch in the side, Ir. speach, a kick:

speach, door step (Carm.).

spead, a very small foot or leg (M'A.), speadach, sheepshanked (M'A.), kicking (Badenoch, where spead means a cow's or sheep's kick); cf. M. Ir. spedudhud, a musical instrument (?), Kuno Meyer's "King and Hermit". Root sped-do-, spend-.

speal, a scythe, Ir. speal, scythe, reaping hook, M. Ir. spel: *spelâ, Gr. ψαλίς, shears, root spal, clip, pull, further Eng. psalm (so Stokes).

spealg, a splinter; from Sc. spelk, a splint attached to a fracture, M.E. spelke, a splinter, Norse spjalk, spelkur, splint, Du. spalk.

spealt, a splinter; from Teutonic - M. Eng. spélde, now a spill, M.H.G. spelte, a splinter, Ger. spalten.

spearrach, a cow-fetter, a fetter for wild goats; see speireach.

spéic, a spike, Ir. spéice; from Norse spík, a spike, Eng. spike, Ger. speiche. W. has ysbig.

speil, cattle, herd, Ir. speil, herd of cattle or swine; *speli-, allied to Lat. spolium (Stokes).

spéil, slide, skate; from Sc. speil, play, bonspel, curling game, Ger. spielen, play.

speir, hoof or ham of cattle, claw talon, ankle and thereabouts of the human leg, Ir. speirr, hough, ham: *s-peri-; compare W. ffer, ankle, ber, leg, shank: Cor. fer, crus, E. Ir. seir, heel, di pherid: *speret-, Gr. σφυρόν, ankle, heel; root sper, Eng. spur, spurn, Lat. sperno, etc.

speireach, spearrach, cow-fetter, foot fetter; from speir and *rich, tie, for which last see buarach.

spéiread, strength, force, courage; founded on Lat. spîritus.

speireag, sparrow-hawk; from M. Eng. sper-hauk, Ag. S. spear-hafoc, Norse sparrhaukr, from sparrow and hawk.

spéis, esteem, liking, Ir. spéis, M. Ir. sbéis; seemingly from M. Ir. sbesailte, special, from Lat. species, look (cf. Eng. re-spect).

speuc, spiac, diverge, divaricate, tear asunder, branch; from Sc. spaik, a spoke (in a wheel), Eng. spoke, Ag. S. spáca.

speuclair, spectacles, Ir. speucláir, a glass, spectacles; from the Latin.

speur, the heaven, firmament, Ir. speur, spéir; from the L. Lat. spera, a hemisphere, circle (of each planet), celestial region, Lat. sphaera, a sphere (whence the Eng.), from Gr. σφαῖπρα, globe. Cf. Sc. spere, sphere, circle, "the speir of the moon".

spìd, spite, Ir. spíd; from the Eng. Hence spìdeig or spideag, a taunt.

spìd, speed, haste; from Eng. speed.

spideag, nightingale (spìdeag, M.F.), Ir. spideóg, robin:

spideag, a delicate or slender creature (Arms. spìdeag); from Sc. spit, a little, hot-tempered person, spitten, a puny, mischievous person, Eng. spit.

spideal, a spital, hospital, Ir. spideul, M. Ir. spidél; from M. Eng. spitel, from O. Fr. ospital, from Lat. hospitale.

spidean, pinnacle; "spidean an tempuill":

spiligean, a seedling, dwarfish person:

spìoc, meanness, dastardliness, spìocach, mean:

spiocaid, a spigot, Ir. spiocaid (O'R.); from Eng. sources - M. Eng. spigot, Eng. spike.

spìochan, wheezing, Ir. spiochan; see pìochan.

spiol, nibble, peel, pluck, Ir. spiolaim, spialaim, snatch, pluck. See piol.

spiolg, unhusk, shell; from the Sc. spilk, pilk, shell pease, etc., spilkins, split pease. Cf. spealg.

spìon, pluck up, pull, tear, Ir. spíonaim, teaze, probe, pluck, examine; cf. M. Ir. spín, a thorn, from Lat. spîna, thorn.

spionnadh, strength, Ir. spionnadh, spionnamhail, strong (Keat.): *sphen or *sven; see faod.

spiontag, a currant, a particle in the throat, a maggot, a drop of rain or flake of snow, Ir. spionán, a gooseberry, M. Ir. spínan; from Lat. spîna.

spiorad, a spirit, so Ir., O. Ir. spiurt, spirut; from Lat. spiritus, Eng. spirit. W. has ysbryd, Corn. speris, Br. speret.

spiosradh, spice, Ir. spiosra; from Eng. spicery, O. Fr. espicerie, spices, from Lat. species.

spiris, a hen-roost, hammock; from Norse sperra, a spar, rafter, with a leaning on G. iris, roost.

spisniche, pillar, support (Carm.):

spitheag, a chip, spelk, small bit of wood, bite, Ir. spiothóg, a finger stone for throwing at an object (Con., Sh.), spitheóg, a flake of snow; a borrowed word belonging to the Eng. group spike, spigot, but likely taken from Norse spík, sprig, spike.

splang, a sparkle, flash, Ir. splanc:

splangaid, a snot, mucus, Ir. spleangaid (O'R.); a side-form of sglongaid?

spleadh, a splay foot; from Eng. splay.

spleadh, ostentation, romance, false flattery, Ir. spleadh; from M. Eng. spleien, display, from displeien, now display.

spleadhan, a sort of wooden paddle to dig up sand eels; see pleadhag.

spleuchd, spliachd, stare, squint, spread out by trampling:

spliùc, fluke of an anchor (M'A.); founded on Eng. fluke.

spliùchan, spliùcan, tobacco pouch, Ir. spliuchán, a pouch, bag, leather purse; hence Sc. spleuchan. Cf. W. blwch, a box.

spliug, a snot, icicle, anything hanging down: *s-cluig? Cf. cluigein.

spliùgach, splay-footed:

spliùig, a discontented countenance:

spliut, a lame hand or foot, splay foot; see pliut.

spòc, a spoke; from the Eng.

spoch, address one quickly and angrily, intimidate, affront, attack, Ir. spochaim, provoke, affront, rob; cf. spoth.

spòg, spàg, a claw, paw, Manx spaag, Ir. spâg, W. ysbach:

spoll, a quarter (as of a sheep, M'A.), spòld, a piece or joint of meat, Ir. spódhla, spólla, a piece of meat; from Sc. spaul, limb, spald, shoulder, from old Fr. espaule, espalle, L. Lat. spatula, shoulder, whence Eng. epaulet. Ir. spolla is also hence. Cf. spadag, spathalt.

spolladach, sottish:

spòlt, mangle, slaughter, hew down in battle, also (Dial. Badenoch) splutter; from the English. Cf. M. Eng. splatten, cut open, Sc. sploit, squirt, spout. spoltadh, drops flying out of a vessel when boiling or stirred carelessly.

spong, sponge, tinder, Ir. sponc, E. Ir. sponge, W. ysbwng, sponge, Corn. spong, Br. spone, sponeñk; from Lat. spongia, sponge, from Gr. σπογγιά, allied to Lat. fungus.

spor, a spur, claw, talon, Ir. spor, M. Ir. sbor, a spur for a horse; from Norse spori, a spur, spor, foot trace, Dan. spore, Swed. sporre, Eng. spur, Ag. S. spora; root sper of speir, etc. Hence sporadh, inciting, scraping the earth (as a hen), Sc. spur.

spor, tinder, flint, gun-flint; from Eng. spar.

sporan, a purse, Ir. sparán, sporán, sbarrán, M. Ir. sboran, W. ysbur: *s-burr- from *burs, from L. Lat. bursa, a purse, whence Eng. purse, bursary; originally from Gr. βυρση, a hide.

sporracan, crumbs (M'F.):

spors, sport, Ir. spórt (Fol.); from the Eng.

spot, a spot; from the Eng.

spoth, geld, castrate, Ir. spothaim, M. Ir. spochad (n.), W. dysbaddu, Br. spaza; from Lat. spado, eunuch, whence Eng. spay. The M. Ir. spochad is thought by Stokes to be from Br. spac'hein (inf.).

spracadh, strength, sprightliness, Ir. spracadh; from Eng. sprack, lively, Norse spraekr, lively, Swed. spräker; from Norse also comes Eng. spark - Norse sparkr.

spraic, a sever reprimand; see spreig.

spraidh, a loud blast, report of a gun; cf. Sc. spraich, a cry, Norse spraki, a report.

spreadh, burst, sound loudly while bursting, kill, Ir. spréidhim, spread, burst (spreighim, O'B.), E. Ir. sprédaire, brush for sprinkling the holy water; from M. Eng. spraeden, now spread.

spreangan, a cloven stick for closing the wound of bled cattle; from Eng. springe, twig, rod, snare with flexible rod.

spréidh, cattle, Ir. spré(idh), M. Ir. spré, spreid, W. praidd, flock, booty; from Lat. praeda, booty. Hence Sc. spreith, booty.

spreig, blame, reprove, incite, Ir. spreagaim; founded on M. Eng. spraechen, now speak, Ger. sprechen.

spreigh, scatter, burst; see spreadh.

spreill, blubber lip: *s-breill, from breall?

spreisneach, the remains of a wreck:

spreòchan, weakness, weak person; from *s-breòch-, being the same in root as breòclaid?

spreòd, spreod (H.S.D.), a projecting beam, crann spreòid, a bow-sprit; from M. Eng. sprēot, a sprit, now sprit; Ag. S. spréot, M.Du. spriet. Hence spreòd, incite.

sprochd, dejection, sadness, Ir. sprochd: *s-broc, M. Ir. broc, sorrow, anxiety (also sbrog). Cf. murcach for root; or bròn?

sprogan, sprogaill, dewlap, bird's crop, Ir. sprogaille, sbrogaill, also sgroban, sgrogul, neck: *s-broggo-. See bràghad.

spronnan, a crumb; from pronn.

sprot, single stick (Lewis): N. sproti, stick.

spruan, brushwood, firewood, Ir. spruán: *s-bruan, from bruan. M'A. has sprudhan, fragments.

sprùdan, fingers, sprouts; from the Eng. sprout.

spruileach, spruidhleach, crumbs, fragments, Ir. spruille(ach), crumb, fragment, sprudhaille (Lh.), M. Ir. sbruileach. Cf. spruan. M. Ir. has also spuirech, fragmentum, W. ysbwrial, sweepings, ysborion, refuse of fodder.

spruiseil, spruce, neat, Ir. sprúiseamhuil; from the Eng. spruce.

spruithean, claw (as of eagle):

spuaic, crown of the head, a pinnacle, callosity, blister, Ir. spuaic, a welt, callus, pinnacle:

spùidsear, baling ladle (N. H.): cf. Eng. spudge.

spùill, spoil, plunder; from Sc. spulye, lay waste, plunder, Eng. spoil, Fr. spolier, Lat. spoliare. W. has ysbail, a spoil.

spùinn, spoil, plunder, Ir. spúinim; another form of spùill, borrowed directly from Lat. spoliare?

spuirse, spurge, milkweed, Ir. spuirse; from the Eng. spurge, M. Eng. sporge.

spùll, nail of a cat, a clutch, spùllach, nailed, greedy (M'A.):

spursan, a gizzard, Ir. spursán; cf. sparsan, dewlap.

spùt, a spout; from the Sc. spoot, Eng. spout.

sràbh, a straw; from the Eng.:

sràbh, falling water (Carm.):

srabhard, strife (Suth. R.D.):

srac, tear, rend, rob, Ir. sracaim; G. has also racadh: *srakko-, for rap-ko-, root rap of Lat. rapio?

srad, a spark of fire, Ir. srad: *sraddâ, from strad or stṛ-d, root ster, as in Eng. star, Gr. ἀστήρ. M. Ir. has srab-tine, lightning, from the same root.

sràid, a street, Ir. sráid, E. Ir. sráit; from Lat. strâtā (via), whence Eng. street. K.Meyer derives it from Norse straeti, which itself comes from Lat.

sraidean, the plant shepherd's purse, Ir. sraidín (sráidín, O'B.); cf srad.

sraigh, the cartilage of the nose, sneeze (M'A.); cf. root of sròn.

sramh, a jet of milk from the cow's udder, Ir. sramh (srámh, O'R.); root ster, stṛ, strew.

srann, a snore, buzz, Ir. srann, E. Ir. srand, O. Ir. srennim, sterto: *stre-s-no-, root ster, pster of Lat. sterto, snore, sternno, sneeze (see sreothart further). Stokes makes the Gadelic to be *strenvô, like Lat. sternuo.

sraon, stumble, make a false step, rush forward violently; cf. Ir. sraoinim, defeat, overthrow, scatter, M. Ir. sráined, dragging down, defeat, E. Ir. sroenim, hurl, drag, defeat: *sroino-, root ster, strew, scatter (Eng. strew, etc.).

sraonais, a huff, snuffiness; M'A. has sròin, a huff: from sròn, nose?

srath, a valey, strath, Ir., M. Ir. srath, meadow land or holm along banks of a river or loch, often swampy (Joyce), O. Ir. israth, in gramine, W. ystrad, strath, E.W. strat, istrat, planities: *stratu-, root ster, spread, scatter; Lat. strâtus, from sterno, I strew; Gr. στρωτός, spread, στορέννυμι, scatter; Eng. strew, strand (?).

srathair, a pack-saddle, Ir., O. Ir. srathar, W. ystrodyr; from Med.Lat. stratura, from stratum, sterno, spread.

sream, rheum (M'A.), a wrinkle, sreamach, blear-eyed, Ir. srám, eye rheum, srámach, blear-eyed, sremach (F.M.). Stokes derives this from Ag. S. streám, Eng. stream.

sreamadh, curbing or checking by the nose:

sreang, a string, Ir. srang, srang, E. Ir. sreng: *srengo-, strengo-, Gadelic root streg; immediately allied either to Eng. string, Norse strengr, Ger. strang (I. E. streꬶh, Gr. στρέφω, turn), or to Lat. stringo, bind, Ger. strick, string (I. E. streꬶ). The I. E. roots streꬶ and streꬶh are allied ultimately. sraing, lie, embroidery (Hend.).

sreath, a row, series, Ir. sreath, O. Ir. sreth: *srito-, *sṛ-to-, root ser, order, join; Lat. series, row, sors, lot.

sreathan, filmy skin covering unborn calf (H.S.D., etc.). When dried, it was used for covering vessels:

sreothart, a sneeze, Ir. sraoth, sraothfurtach, earlier sreod, W. trew, ystrew, a sneeze, ystrewi (vb.), Br. strefia, strevia (vb.), root streu, pstreu (Stokes), further ster, pster, Lat. sternuo, sneeze, Gr. πτάρνυμαι (do.)

srian, a bridle, Ir. srian, E. Ir. srían, W. ffrwyn; from Lat. frênum (through W.).

srideag, a drop, spark, srideach, white streaked with dark: *sriddi, root sṛd of srad.

sringlean, the strangles; founded on the English.

sruit, a torrent of quick words; founded on sruth.

srobadh, a push (Sh.), small quantity of liquor (A.M'D.); see sruab.

sroghall, a whip, so Ir., E. Ir. sraigell, O. Ir. srogill (gen.), W. ffrowyll; from Lat. flagellum.

sról, a streamer, banner, silk, Ir. sról, satin, byssus; from Lat. stragulus, coverlet, pall, whence Cor. strail, tapestry, W. ystraill, a mat. Stokes (Lismore) has suggested a form *fról, *flór, Fr. velours, velvet, Br. flour, velveted.

sròn, a nose, Ir., O. Ir. srón, W. ffroen, Br. froan: *srognâ; *sroknâ (Stokes, Gr. ρέγχω, snore, snort, ρέγκω), *sprognâ (Strachan), to which Lat. spargo has been compared. W. has also trwyn (*trugno- or trogni-), Cor. trein.

sruab, drink up with noise of the lips, pull hastily out of the water: *sroubbo-, root sreub? Cf. srùb, and Lit. sriaubiu, sup, lap up, Ch. Sl. srŭbati, swallow, Lat. sorbeo, Eng. absorb.

sruan, shortbread cake having five corners (M'A. for Islay):

srùb, a spout; from the Sc. stroup, spout, M. Eng. strūpe, throat, Norse strjúpi, the spouting trunk when the head is cut off, Swed. strupe, throat. Hence srùban, a cockle.

sruth, a stream, Ir., O. Ir. sruth, g. srotha, W. ffrwd, Cor. frot, alveus, Br. froud: *srutu-, root sreu, flow; Gr. ῥúσις, a flowing, ῥεῦμα, a stream, ῥέω, flow; Eng. stream, Norse straumr; Lit. sravju, flow. Some have referred the Celtic words to the root spreut, spreu, to well, Ger. sprudel, a well, sprühen, emit sparks, drizzle, further Eng. spurt, spout.

sruthladh, rinsing, half-washing, Ir. sruthlaighim; from sruth.

stà, advantage, use; from the Eng. - founded on stay?

stàbhach, wide, asunder, straddling, Ir. stabhaighim, straddle:

stabhaic, a wry neck, a sullen attitude of the head (M'A.); see stùichd. Pronounced in Arg. staoi'c, staghaic.

stàbull, a stable, Ir. stabla; from Lat. stabulum, through the English.

stac, a precipice, steep hill, M. Ir. stacc, a stack (F.M.), stacc, a pile, piece; from Norse stakkr, a stack (of hay), stakka, a stump, Swed. stack, a stack, Sc. (Shetland, etc.) stack, a columnar isolated rock, Eng. stack.

stad, a stop, Ir. stad, E. Ir. stad (Cormac); founded on Lat. status, position, stat, stands (Hennessey, Stokes). Cf. Norse staða, a standing, a position. Ascoli compares O. Ir. astaim, sisto (= ad-sad-to-, root sed of suidhe).

stadh (better stagh), a stay, a certain rope in ship's rigging; from Norse stag (do.), Eng. stay, Dan., Ger. stag.

stadhadh, a lurch, sudden bend:

staid, state, condition, Ir. stáid, M. Ir. stait; from Lat. statio (K.Meyer). W. has ystâd, from Lat. status. Ir. stáid may be from the Eng. See next word.

stàideil, stately, Ir. stáideamhuil; from Eng. state, stately.

staidhir, a stair, Ir. staighre, M. Ir. staigre; from the Eng., and Ag. S. stáeger. The G. is possibly from Eng. stair, just as paidhir and faidhir are from pair and fair (Dr Cameron).

stail, a bandage, strap:

stailc, stubbornness, stop, stump, Ir. stailc; cf. tailce; cf. N. stilkr, stalk.

stàilinn, steel; from Norse stál, steel, stálin weapons (pl.), Ger. stahl, Eng. steel.

staing, a peg, small pointed rock; from Norse stöng, g. stangar, a pole, Sc. and Eng. stang.

staing, a well-built person or animal (M'A.), staingean, obstinate boorish person, Ir. stainc, incivility; from the above.

staipeal, a stopple, Ir. stapal (O'R.); from the Sc. stappil, Eng. stopple.

staipeal, stapull, a staple, bar; from Eng. staple.

stair, a path over a bog, stepping stones in a river. Dr Cameron has suggested connection with Du. steiger, waterside stairs, Eng. stair. For s-tar, from *tar, cross (see thar)?

stairirich, a rattling, a rumbling noise; also dairireach, q.v. For s-dairirich.

stàirn, a particle, small quantity (Perth); from Sc. starn, particle, grain, star, from star.

stàirn, noise (as the tread of horses), a violent push: *s-tairn; see tàirneanach for root. Cf. Ir. stathruim, clatter, din.

stàirneil, stairneanach (Suth.), conceited, ostentations; from stàirn, noise: "creating a furore". Eng. stern?

stairsneach, stairseach, a threshold, Ir. tairseach, E. Ir. tairsech: "cross beam or stone:; for root see tarsuinn, transverse.

stairt, a considerable distance, trip (M'A.); from Eng. start?

stàit, a magistrate or great man, stàitean, great men; see stàt.

stalan, a stallion, Ir. stail; from the English.

stalc, stiffen, stalcanta, firm, strong; for s-talc; see tailce. M'A. gives stalc as meaning "dash one's foot against (Islay), thread a hook, thump, stare." In the meaning of "stalk", the word is from the Eng.

stalla, an overhanging rock, craggy steep, precipice, stall, a peat bank; from Norse stallr, any block or shelf on which another thing is placed, pedestal, step of a mast, stall, stalli, an altar, Eng. stall, Lit. stalas, table.

stallachdach, stupidly deaf, heedless (Wh.):

stalladh, dashing against, thumping (M'A.):

stamag, a stomach; from the Eng.

stamh, sea tangle, staf (Lewis), M. stafr, staff.

stamhnaich, reduce to order, subject, break in, drub (M'A.), stannadh, subject (Heb.); from N. stafr, a stick, staffa fyir, rule, fyrir stafni, aim at, stafn, stem?

stàmp, stamp, trample, Ir. stampáil, a stamping, prancing; from Eng. stamp.

†stàn, tin, Ir. stán, W. ystaen, Cor., Br. stean; from Lat. stannum, tin (for *stagnum; cf. Ital. stagno). See staoin.

stàn, a stàn, below, down; Sutherland form of a bhàn, on analogy of a' s t-foghar, a' s t-samhradh, etc.:

stang, a ditch, pool; from Sc. stank, O. Fr. estang, now étang, from Lat. stagnum.

stang, sting, from Sc. stang, sting (as a bee), a sting, Norse stanga, prick, goad; further Eng. sting.

stangarra, the fish stickleback; from stang, sting.

stanna, a vat, tub, Ir. stanna, vat, barrel; from Eng. tun, ton, M. Eng. tonne. See tunna.

stannart, a standard, yard, limit; from the Eng. It also means "affected coyness".

staoig, a collop, steak, Ir. staoig, M. Ir. stáic; from Norse steik, Eng. steak (Stokes, K.Meyer).

staoin, pewter, tin; see stàn.

staoin, juniper, caoran staoin:

staoin, laziness:

staon, bent, awry, shallow (Hend.), Ir. staon:

staorum, bending of the body to a side; for staon-um.

stapag, a mixture of meal and cold water; from Sc. stappack (do.), stap, mix, hash, Norse stappa, bray in a mortar.

staplaich, loud noise, noise of the sea:

stapull, a bar, bolt, staple; see staipeal.

starach, cunning, deceitful (Suth.):

starachd, romping, blustering (M'A.):

starbhanach, a strong, robust fellow:

starcach, firm; from Norse starkr, strong, Eng., Ger. stark.

starr, shove, dash, starradh, pushing violently, dashing against, a failing or freak, snap-starradh, a stumbling-block, obstruction, a ball on the end of a spear; cf. starr-(shuileach).

starr-fhiacail, a tusk or gag-tooth, Ir. stairfhiacail; from starr and fiacail.

starr-shuileach, having the eyes distorted, stard, a moon-eye (M'A.); cf. Norse starblindr, blind with a cataract, O. H. G. starablind, Ger. starr, stiff, Eng. stare, "fixed" look, Sc. stare, stiff, starr, sedge, star, a speck on the eye.

stàt, pride, haughtiness, Ir. státamhuil, stately; from the Eng. state, M. Eng. stát, from Lat. status. Cf. stàideil, stàta.

stàta, the state or Government; from the Eng.

steach, a steach, (to) within, into, Ir. steach, a steach, M. Ir. is tech, E. Ir. isa tech: *in-san-tech, "into the house"; from teach. Cf. stigh.

steadhainn, firm, pointed or punctual in speech (M'A.); cf. Eng. steady.

steafag, a little staff or stick, Ir. steafóg; from Eng. staff.

steàirn, a blazing fire (Perth), "a drop in the e'e":

steall, spout, cause to spout, pour out, Ir. steallaim, squirt, sprinkle, steallaire, a tap; from Lat. stillo, I drop, Eng. distill.

stear, a pole to kill birds with (Carm.):

steàrnal, a bittern, sea-bird, an inn-keeper's sign:

stéidh, foundation; from Norse staeða, establish, Ork. steeth, foundation, steethe, to found.

steill, a peg or pin for things hung; cf. Sc. stell, a prop.

stéilleach (steilleach, M'F.), lusty, stout, ruddy; cf. stéidheil, steady, solid, from stéidh.

steinle, the itch, mange, Ir. steinle (Lh., etc.); from teine, fire?

steòc, any person or thing standing (or sticking) upward, an attendant (steòcair also); from Sc. stog, stug, stook, stubble, stumpy horns, stok, Eng. stick.

steòrn, guide, direct, manage; from Norse stjórna (do.), stjórn, steering, rule, Eng. stern, steer. See stiùir.

steud, a horse, steed, Ir. stead (O'R.), M. Ir. stéd; from Ag. S. stéda, Ag. S. stéda, M. Eng. stede, now steed.

stiall, a strip, stripe, streak, Ir. stíall, E. Ir. stíall, girdle, strap, board; cf. W. astell, M.W. ystyll, shingle, plank, Corn. stil, rafter, O. Fr. esteil, pole, Lat. astella, splinter, or from O. H. G. stihhil, pole, post.

stic, a fault, blemish, pain; from Sc. stick, a bungle or botch, Eng. stick, stich (older sticke).

stic, adhere, stick; from the Eng.

stìc, ghostly person, "imp" (Carm.); N. stygr, shy.

stìd, peep, Manx steetagh to peep; see dìd.

stidean (stìdean, H.S.D.), a cat, the word by which a cat is called to one (also stididh and tididh, from Sc. cheet, cheety, puss, cat, Eng. chit, cub, youngster; from cat, like kitten).

stìg, a skulking or abject look or attitude; from Norse stygr, shy.

'stigh, a stigh, inside, Ir. stigh, E. Ir. istig, istaig, isintig; for *in-san-tig, 'in the house", from tigh, house.

stìnleag, the hinge of a box, hasp:

stìobull, a steeple; from the Eng.

stiocach, limping: "sticking"? From the Eng. anyway.

stìog, a strip in cloth (M'A.); from Sc. steik, Eng. stitch.

stìom, stìm, head-band, snood:

stiorap, a stirrup, Ir. stioróip; from M. Eng. stirōp, Ag. S. stigráp.

stiorc, stretch (at death, Arg.); from Eng. stark?

stiorlag, a thin, worn-out rag, an emaciated woman, stiorlan, a thin person; stiorlach, thin gruel (M'D.); stirlean, thin gruel or watery stuff (Bad.):

stiornach, sturgeon (M'A.), stirean; from Lat. sturio(n), whence, through Fr., Eng. sturgeon.

stìpean, a stipend; from the Eng.

stiùbhard, a steward, Ir. stìobhard; from the Eng.

stiùir, steeer, guide, Ir. sdiuirim, M. Ir. stiurad or stiúrad; from Ag. S. steóran, steer, now steer, Norse stýra, Got. stiurjan.

stiup, a long tail or train, a foolish person. In the latter sense, the G. is from Sc. stupe, from Lat. stupidus.

stiùireag, gruel; from the Sc. stooram, stooradrink, stourreen, sturoch, a warm drink, meal and water mixed, from stoor, to stir, agitate.

stob, thrust, stab, fix (as a stake), stob, a stake, stick, stob (Sc.), Ir. stobaim, stab, thrust; from Sc. stob, a side-form of Eng. stab. Cf. Norse stobbi, a stump, Eng. stub, M. Eng. stob.

stòbh, a stove; from the Eng.

stoc, a stock, pillar, stump, Ir. stoc; from Eng. stock.

stoc, a trumpet, so Ir., M. Ir. stocc, E. Ir. stoc; cf. Sc. stock-horne, stock-and-horn, a pipe formed of a sheep's thigh-bone inserted into the smaller end of a cut horn, with an oated reed, from Eng. stock. Gadelic is borrowed.

stocain, a stocking, Ir. stoca; from the Eng.

stoim, a particle, whit, faintest glimpse of anything (Dial.); from Sc. styme.

stoirm, a storm, Ir. stoirm; from Eng., M. Eng. storm, Norse stormr, Ger. sturm.

stòite, prominet; cf. stàt for origin.

stòl, a stool, settle, Ir. stól, W. ystôl; from Ag. S. stól, now stool, Norse stóll, Ger. stuhl. Hence vb. stòl, settle.

stòp, a wooden vessel for liquor, a stoup, Ir. stópa, a "stoup" or wooden pail; from Sc. stoup, M. Eng. stope, now stoup, Du. stoop, a gallon, Norse staup, a stoup.

stop, stop, close up, Ir. stopaim; from the Eng.

stòr, a steep cliff, broken teeth; cf. stùrr, starr. Norse stór.

stòras, store, wealth, Ir. stór, stórus; from M. Eng. stōr.

stoth, lop off, cut corn high:

stoth, hot steam, vapour; see toth.

strabaid, a strumpet, Ir. strabóid; from an early form of Eng. strumpet, that is *stropet, from O. Fr. strupe, concubinage, stupre, from Lat. stuprum.

stràc, a stroke, ship or boat plank; from Sc. strake, Eng. stroke; from Sc. straik, strait-edge for measuring corn, comes G. stràc (do.). Similarly G. stràc, mower's whetstone, is from strake; all are from the root of Eng. stroke, strike.

stràcair, troublesome fellow, gossip, wanderer; from Norse strákr, a vagabond, etc.

straic, pride, swelling with anger, Ir. stráic:

straighlich, rattling, great noise, sparkles; root sprag, sparg, crackle, Eng. spark, sparkle, Lit. sprageti, crackle.

stràille, carpet; from Lat. strâgulum, coverlet.

strangair, a lazy, quarrelsome fellow, Ir. strangair; cf. dreangan.

streafan, film, carpet (Carm.):

streap, climb, strive against obstacles, Ir. dreapaim; cf. dreimire.

streòdag, a little liquor (Skye):

streud, a row, line (Suth.); from Eng. street.

streup, strèapaid, strife, quarrel; from Lat. strepitus.

strì, strife, contention; from Norse stríð, Ag. S. stríð, Ger. streit.

strianach, a badger:

strìoch, a streak, line, Ir. stríoc; from Eng. streak.

strìochd, yield, Ir. stríocaim, strìocail, (inf.), fall, be humbled, submit:

strìoghach, prodigal (Rob.):

strìopach, a prostitute, Ir. stríopach; from O. Fr. strupe, concubinage, from Lat. stuprum, dishonour, violation.

stròdh, prodigality, Ir. stró, strógh; seemingly (because of preserved st in all cases) borrowed from, rather than allied to, M. Eng. strawen, strew, Ag. S. stréowian, Got. straujan, I. E. strou, stru. Hence G. struidheas, prodigality, squandering.

stròic (stroic, Arm.), tear asunder, a long rag, strip torn off, Ir. stroicim, stróicim, sroic, a piece: *srakki-, from srac, confused with stródh?

strolamas, mess (Glenmoriston):

stropach, wrinkled (H.S.D.):

struidheas, prodigality; see stròdh.

struill, a baton, cudgel, Ir. sroghall, whip, rod, O. Ir. sraigell; see sroghall.

strumpaid, a strumpet; from the Eng.

struth, ostrich, Ir. struth; from Lat. struthio, whence, through O. Fr. ostruche (= avis struthio), Eng. ostrich.

strùthan, cake made on St. Michael's eve and eaten on his day (Carm.):

stuadh, a wave, gable, pinnacle, scroll, Ir. stuadh, gable, pinnacle, scroll, stuaidh-nimhe, rainbow, M. Ir. stuag-nime (do.), stuaid-léim, leap of the waves, E. Ir. stúag, arch: *s-tuag, from O. Ir. tuag, bow, belonging to the same root as tuagh, axe.

stuaic (M'A., Arm.), stuaichd (H.S.D.), a little hill, round promontory, Ir. stuaic: *s-tuag-c, from stuadh above. M'A. has the meaning "wry-neck" and sullen countenance, extreme boorishness", which is usually represented by stùic. Stokes gives the Celtic as *stoukki-, Br. stuchyaff, to feather, Lit. stúgti, set on high, Eng. steep.

stuaim, modesty, Ir. stuaim, device, mien, modesty: *s-tuamm-, *tous-men, root tus, teus of tosd, silence.

stùc, stùchd, a little hill jutting out from a greater, a horn, Ir. stucán,a small conical hill, stucach, horned; from Teutonic - N. stúka, wing of a building; Sc., Eng. stook, M. Eng. stouke, a shock of corn (12 sheaves), stooks, small horns, Low Ger. stūke (properly a projection), a bundle, bunch. But cf. stuaic.

stùic, stùichd, a projecting crag, an angry or threatening aspect; from stùc above.

stuidearra, studious, steady, glum, Ir. stuideurach, stuideur, a study.

stuig, incite, spur on dogs; from Eng. stick.

stuird, huffiness, pride, Ir. stuirteamhlachd (Con.); from M. Eng. sturte, impetuosity, sturten, impetuous, quarrelsome, Sc. sturt, vexation, anger, a side form of start.

stùirt, vertigo, a disease in sheep caused by water in the head, drunkenness; from Sc. sturdy, from O.F. estourdi, dizzy-headed, now êtourdi, giddy-headed; from Lat. extorpidire. From Fr. comes Eng. sturdy.

stùr, dust; from Sc. stour, M. Eng. stour, tumult.

stùrr, the rugged point of a rock or hill, sturrach, rugged: *s-tùrr, from turr = tòrr, q.v.? Cf. N. staurr.

stuth, stuff, metal; founded on the Eng. stuff.

stuthaig, dress with starch, starch (vb. and n.); from Sc. stiffing, starch, Eng. stiff. Perthshire has stifinn.

suabag, a sweeping blow (Suth. R.D.):

suacan, a pot (M'F.), earthen furnace (Arm.), a basket hung in the chimney containing wood to dry (Dial.), anything wrought together awkwardly, as clay (M'A.), Ir. suachgan (Lh.), an earthen pot; from suath?

suaicean, a bundle of straw or hay twisted together, a deformed person; see sùgan.

suaicheantas, ensign, escutcheon, Ir. suaitheantas, a streamer, standard, escutcheon, su-aichintus, ensigns, colours (K.Meyer), O. Ir. suaichnid, clear, demonstratio, for su-aithne, "easily known", from aithne, knowledge.

suail, small, inconsiderable (M'F.), Ir. suaill, E. Ir. suail, a trifle:

suaimhneach, genial, secure, Ir. suaimhneach, peaceful, gentle, peaceable: *su-menmnach? See meamna.

suain, sleep, Ir. suan, E. Ir., O. Ir. súan, W. hun, Br. hun: *supno-s, developing into *sofno-, *sovno, *souno-; I. E. root svop, svep, sleep; Lat. sopor, sleep; Skr. svápnas.

suaineadh, twisting, rope-twisting anything, a line for twisting round anything, E. Ir., O. Ir. súanem, g. suaneman, funis: *sognemon-, root sug, soug, Br. sug, trace, W. syg, chain, trace; Romance soga, rope, Ital. soga, rope, leather band, Sp. soga, a linear measure, Port. soga, rush rope, Churwälsch saga. Stokes finally refers súanem to a stem-root *sogno- beside segno- (whence E. Ir. sén, a net for catching birds, gin, root segh, hold, Eng. sail), Lit. segù, fasten, saga, sledge. This divorces suaineadh from G. suaicean and sùgan, q.v. Cf. W. hwynyn, hoenyn, a hair from a horse's tail, gin.

suaip, a faint resemblance; from Sc. swaup, swap, cast or lineaments of the countenance, Norse svipr, likeness, look, a swoop or flash.

suaip, exchange, swop; from the Sc. swap, Eng. swop.

suairc, civil, meek, so Ir., E. Ir. suarc(c); opposed to duairc: *su-arci-:

suaiteachan, wagging (tails) (Suth.); from suath?

suanach, a hide, skin, fleece, coarse garment, "plough rein" (Suth.); cf. Ir. sunach, a kind of plaid:

suarach, insignificant, careless, Ir. suarach: *svogro-, root sveg, sug, Ger. schwach, weak, siech, sick, Eng. sick. Cf. Eng. sour, Ger. sauer, *sûra.

suas, up, upwards, Ir. suas, O. Ir. súas: *s-uas, from uas, as in uasal, and the prefix s-, allied to the final s of Lat. abs, ex, Gr. ἔξ, πρός, etc., and the initial s of Lat. sub, super; possibly for *ens, Gr. εἰς, from en, and meaning "into", "to" (Rhys' M. Pray.2 156).

suath, rub, mix, knead, Ir. suathaim, knead, mix, M. Ir. súathaim (do.), E. Ir. suata, polished down, root sout, sut, mix; cf. Eng. seethe, Norse sjóða, cook, seethe, Got. suaths, a burnt offering.

sùbailte, supple; from the Eng.

sùbh, sùbhag (suibheag or sui'eag, Dial.) a raspberry, subh, fruit generally (Arg.), Ir. suibh, a strawberry, sughog, raspberry (Fol.), O. Ir. subi, fragae, W. syfi, strawberry, Br. sivi; a side form to root süg as in sùgh. Cf. Gr. ὕφεαρ, a kind of mistletoe.

subhach, merry, so Ir., E. Ir. subach, O. Ir. sube, joy; opposite of dubhach: *so-bv-io-, "well-being", from root bu, be (see bu, etc.).

subhailc, virtue, Ir. subhailce (súbhailc, Con.), O. Ir. sualig, virtus, sualchi (pl.): *su-alich (Asc., Zim.1 54), root al of altram (Dr Cameron).

suchd, sake, account (M'A.):

sud (Dial. sid), yon, Ir. súd, E. Ir. sút, siut, illud, illic, W. hwnt (h-wnt), other, yonder, Br. hont; from the root of so; sud = s-út (Rhys). Also ud.

sùdh, a seam between the planks of a ship; from Norse súð, a suture (only used for the clinching of a ship's boards), from sýja, sow, Eng. sew, suture.

sùg, sùgradh, mirth, Ir. súgadh, súgradh, E. Ir. sucach:

sùg, suck, imbibe; from Sc. souk, sook, Eng. suck, Ag. S. súcan. See sùgh.

sugan, corra-shugain, the reflection of rays of light from any moving luminous body from the roof or wall of a house:

sùgan, a rope of twisted straw, Ir. súgán, suagan, straw or hay rope, suag, a rope (O'R.): *souggo-, root soug of suaineadh, q.v. Hence suigean, a cirle of straw ropes in which grain is kept in a barn.

sùgh, juice, sap, also (as vb.) drain, suck up, Ir. súgh, súghaim, E. Ir. súgim: *sûgô, suck, *sûgo-, juice; Lat. sûgô, suck; Ag. S. sûcan, Eng. suck, soak. W. has sug, juice, sugno, suck. súg, súch, W. sug, from Lat. sucus (Stokes).

sùgh, a wave (A.M'D.), motion of the waves (H.S.D.); root sup, swing, Lit. sùpti, swing, Lat. dissipo, scatter?

sùicean, a gag for a calf; founded on sùg, Sc. sook.

suidh, sit, suidhe, a seat, sitting, Ir. suidhim, E. Ir. suidim, sudim, O. Ir. suidigur, suide, a seat: *sodeiô, *sodio-n, root sed, sod, W. seddu, sedd, Br. azeza, sit; Lat. sedeo; Gr. ἕζομαι, ἕδος, a seat; Eng. sit, seat; Lit. sėdėti; Skr. sádati, sā́dati, sit, set.

sùil, eye, Ir., O. Ir. súil: *sûli-s, allied to *sâvali-s, sun, W. haul, heul, sun, Cor. heuul, Br. heaul; Lat. sôl, sun; Gr. ἡλιος, (= sāvélios), sun; Got. sauil, sun; Lit. sáule (do.).

suilbh, cheer, hospitality, geniality: *su-lubi-, root lubh, please, love, Lat. libet, Eng. love. It influences the meaning of suilbhir, originally "eloquent".

suilbhir, cheerful, so Ir., M. Ir. suilbir, O. Ir. sulbir, eloquence, E.W. helabar, now hylafar, eloquence: from su- or so- and labhair, speak: "easy-spoken".

suim, a sum, Ir. suim, W. sum, M. Eng. summe; from Lat. summa, sum, chief.

suim, attention, respect, Ir. suim; a metaphoric use of suim, sum (Dr Cameron).

suipeir, a supper, Ir. suipéir; from the Eng.

suire, a maid, nymph, Ir. súire (O'Cl.), a siren (suire, O'B., Lh., etc., mermaids); from Lat. siren, with leaning on suirghe, courtship? Teh word is doubtful Gaelic; H.S.D. finds only an Ossian Ballad to quote.

suiridhe, a courting, suiridheach (better suirtheach or suireach, M'A.), a wooer, so Ir., also surighim, I woo, M. Ir. suirge, wooing, suirgech, procus: *su-reg-, root reg, direct, etc.?

sùist, a flail, Ir. suist(e), M. Ir. sust, suiste, W. ffust, N. thust, sust, flail; from Lat. fustis, club.

sùith, soot, Ir. súithche, M. Ir. suithe, O. Ir. suidi, fuligine, W. huddugl (cf. hudd, dark), Br. huzel (Fr. suie): *sodio-, root sed, sit, settle; Eng. soot, Ag. S. sót, Norse sót. Doubtful.

sùlair, the gannet; from Norse súla, súlan, the gannet, whence Eng. solan-goose.

sulchar, cheerful, affable; side-form of suilbhir?

sult, fat, fatness, joy, Ir. sult, E. Ir. sult: *sultu-, root svel; Ag. S. swellan, Eng. swell; Lat. salum, sea; Gr. σάλος, tossing.

sumag, cloth below a pack-saddle; ultimately from L. Lat. sauma, pack-saddle, whence Fr. sommier, mattress, Eng. sumpter.

sumaich, give the due number (as of cattle for pasture); from Sc. soum.

sumaid, a billow, Ir. sumaid (O'R. and M'L., sùmaid); seemingly from Eng. summit. The G. also means "external senses" (H.S.D.).

sumain, summon, a summons; from the Eng.

sumainn, a surge, billow; see sumaid.

sumair, the drone of a bagpipe:

sùmhail, close-packed, tidy; opposite of dòmhail, q.v.

sunais, lovage - a plant, Ir. sunais; also siunas:

sunnd, sunnt, good humour, cheerfulness, Ir. sonntach, merry (O'Cl., O'B.), sonnda, bold, súntaidh, active, E. Ir. suntich, (O'Cl., O'B.), sonnda, bold, súntaidh, active, E. Ir. suntich, spirited: *sondeto-, Eng. sound?

sunnag, an easy-chair of twisted straw:

supail, supple (M'A.); from the Eng.

sùrd, alacrity, cheerfulness; cf. W. chwardd, laughter, Corn. wherzin, ridere; root sver, sing, speak; Eng. swear, Lat. susurrus, whisper, etc. M. Ir. sord, bright (*surdo-), is referred by Stokes to the same origin as Lat. serenus.

surrag, vent of a kiln; cf. sòrn.

surram-suain, a sound sleep; surram, snoring noise as of one asleep:

susbaint, substance, Ir. substaint; from Lat. substantia.

sùsdal, a bustling, pother, affected shyness:

suth, anything (Dial.), Ir., E. Ir. suth, weather; root su, produce, E. Ir. suth, milk; Gr. ὕει, it rains; as in sùgh, q.v. Further allied is root su, beget, O. Ir. suth, offspring, Eng. sun.

suthainn, eternal, Ir. suthain, O. Ir. suthain, suthin; from su, so- and tan, time, q.v.; sú-tan-ìs (Stokes see).