An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland/D

by Jakob Jakobsen

D.

da [dā], sb., see dag¹.

daba [dāba], sb., see dava.

†dabb [dab], sb., a tract of muddy and sandy sea-bottom, esp. applied to such a fishing-ground; a d. o’ sand. Prob. the same word as Sw. dial. dabb and dabbe, m., thick slime; mud; dirt, etc., No. dabbe, m., — dape (O.N. dapi), m., stagnant pool, Eng. dab, sb. dabb is also used in the sense of nucleus, the central part of something, thus: de d. o’ de dimm (Fe.), the dimmest hours of the midsummer-night (de dimm); the word is to be classed either with No. and Sw. dial. dabb, dabbe, m., in the sense of lump, or with Eng. dab, sb.

dadderi [dad··əri·], sb., tiresome, exhausting work; we’re had a d.; d. and sageri. Y., Fe. For the etymology of the word see daddet, adj.

daddet [dadət], adj., faint; weary; tired; tired-looking (owing to exertion); d.-like. Nm. Doubtless perf. part. and to be classed with Sw. dial. datta, vb., a) to tire; exhaust; b) to become tired; lose one’s strength (datta 2. Ri.).

dafi [dafi], sb., otter (the mammal), tabu-name, sea-term used by fishermen. From a *dafa, No. dava, vb., to saunter (R. suppl.), deriv. of O.N. dǫf, f., loin, the hind-part of animals. The name points, like dratsi (q.v.) and No. slenter (another name for “oter”, the otter), to the otter’s gait. Other sea-terms for the otter, besides dafi and dratsi, are borren, bruni, fibi or fobi, hali (halin), tik or tek.

*dag¹ [dag, dāg, (dāγ) dāχ], sb., day in the foll. phrases: a) goden (dogen) dag (dagh), good day! Fo.; *góðan dag; b) in the names of a series of holidays, mass-days, such as: Tammasmass-dag [dāg], St. Thomas’s day, the 21st of December; Todleses (Tollegsis, Toljegsis)-d., St. Thorlak’s day, the 23rd of December; jøl-d., Christmas day, — see further under apta, sb. Fo. A form, da [dā] is found preserved in Sa. in a few phrases, such as: “a da’s wark [‘work’]”, a day’s work; prob. L.Sc.; cf. L.Sc. da, daw, sb., = day. A pl. form “dea, day-a [dēa, dɛ̄a]” is handed down in the obs. phrase: dea leng(d)i, mogi sweng(d)i, as days grow longer, stomachs get hungrier (Fo.), see the verbal forms lengi and swengi; dea is a composite form, because “-a” represents the pl. ending “ar” in O.N. dagar, while “de-” is Eng. day. The word is found anglicised in the old compd. “day-set”, sb., the close of day, sunset, = O.N. dagsetr, n. — O.N. dagr, m., day. See the compds. dagalien (dagali), daga-light, dagdwälj, sb. and vb., daggri.

†dag² [dag (dāg), däg], sb., tabu-name, used by fishermen at sea for mitten; usually in pl.: dags. Origin uncertain. Cf. afatag (apateg). — Sometimes dag (däg) is used of a sheep-mark (ear-mark), shaped like a mitten; e.g. in Nm. and De.

*daga [dāga], vb., 3rd pers. sing. pres., handed down in the phrase “hanna d. [häᶇä dâga]”, the day breaks, as an introduction to a fragment of song, partly in Norn, from Y^h. *hann dagar, the day breaks, from O.N. daga, vb., to dawn.

dagali [dag··ali·, dag··əli·], adj., badly done; badly prepared, of work, food, etc.; dis is d. Y^h. Poss. from *dalk- by metathesis of lk to kl, gl. No. dalka, vb., to bungle; dirty, to stir; root, etc.

dagalien [dā·gali̇̄·ən] and dagali [dag··ali·, dag··əli·, dā··ga-], sb., the decline of day, the beginning of twilight, hit’s [‘it’s’] come to de d., the day declines. N.I. dagalien: Uⁿ., Y^{h, n} (occas.). Sometimes, by transferred use of the break of morning or day (Y^h.); cf. the use of attaljos. The word is also used in certain phrases to denote a long absence: hit [‘it’] will be dagali, ere [‘before’] dey come back, it will be long before they come back (Y.); du’s [‘you have’] been dee a d. (Yⁿ.), you have been long away (said to one coming home about nightfall). Outside the N.I., de heild o’ de day is generally used for dagali(en), (L.Sc. heild, sb., declivity, inclining to one side). *dag-líðan, decline of day; O.N. líða, vb., to wear on, proceed. dagali is certainly orig. used adjectivally in the phrase “hit will be dagali, etc.”; cf. No. “daglidet” in the phrase “det er daglidet”, the day is advanced.

*daga [dāga]-light, sb., daylight, daybreak. Y., Fe. Only preserved in a short rhyme, belonging to the fable of the swan and the heron that fought for the down. “The heron and the swan got the offer, that the one that watched best, and first heralded the dawn, should receive down as a reward. The swan immediately went to sleep, and the heron started watching; but, as dawn approached, the swan awoke and was quite fresh, whereas the heron was about to fall asleep. At the decisive moment the swan called to the heron:

I ha’e de double doon [‘down’] and du de single fedder [‘feather’].”“Hegri, hegri! daga-light i’ de hedder [‘heather’]!

I ha’e de double doon [‘down’] and du de single fedder

(“Heron, heron! daylight in the heather!
I have the double down and you the single feather”).

The swan had thus won the down.”

The same fable is told in Færoe of the eider-duck and the cormorant; see Faer. Anthol. I, pp. 381—82. — *dag(s)-(ljós); O.N. dagsljós, n., daylight.

dagdwälj [dag·dwäᶅ·, dagdwäᶅ·] and dag(d)wel [dagwəl], sb., 1) lounging; fruitless occupation, e.g. applied to fishing at a place where little or no fish is to be had; U^wg.: dagdwälj [dagdwäᶅ·]; dis is naet’in’ [‘nothing’] but a d. 2) esp. in pl., toys for pastime: a) toy demanding mental activity, tiring-irons, esp. a wooden frame with three cross-pins, around which a string is wound and unwound again; Uⁿ. dagdwäljs [dag·dwäᶅs·], pl.; b) in wider sense: playthings (for children); Y^b.: dag(d)wels [dagwəls]; “de bairns will get dem (de broken dishes) for dag(d)wels”. — *dag-dvelja; No. dagdvelja, f., pastime, toys for pastime, tiring-irons; Fær. dagdvølja, f., esp. artfully carved wooden pins to be put together and separated again, acc. to Svabo: wooden pins with three holes, and a string with two small pieces of wood attached to the string, which is wound through the holes and again unwound, = fimla.

dagdwälj [dag·dwäᶅ·], vb., 1) to while away the time uselessly; to dawdle about, to geng [‘go’] dagdwäljin aboot; Yⁿ. 2) to work continuously with a poor result, e.g. when doing field-work in spring or when at fishing; dey will d. upo yon [‘that’] till de morn [‘to-morrow’]; Y^h. *dag-dvelja, vb., to while away the day; cf. No. dagdvelja, f., a) pastime; b) idler. See dagdwälj, sb., and dwälj, vb.

†dagg [dag(g), däg(g)], sb., dew; moisture, esp. a) dampness in the air (Sa., etc.); b) drizzle; gentle rain; a d. o’ weet. More rarely with a lengthening of the vowel: dag [dāg]. A form djagg [dᶎag, dᶎäg] is used in Du. O.N. dǫgg, f., dew, moisture; No. dogg and Sw. dagg (dew) also drizzle; L.Sc. (Eng. * and dial.) dag, sb., dew; drizzle. — A form dagin [dâgin, dâgɩn] from U., in the sense of small rain falling for long duration, may be regarded as a deriv. of the verb dagg with lengthening of vowel; cf. O.N. dǫggvan and dǫggving, f., moisture (drizzle), from dǫggva, vb., to bedew; moisten.

†dagg [dag(g), däg(g)], vb., to drizzle. Comm. djagg [dᶎag, dᶎäg]: Du. See dagg, sb.

*daggastø [dag··astø·], sb., wind with rain; tabu-word at sea, used by fishermen. U^wg. Is a compd. of dagg, sb., dew; moisture; rain, and *stø, sb., tabu-name for wind.

†daggen [dagən, dägən], sb., lump or stub, a thick piece, e.g. a piece of the root of a tree: a d. o’ wood; also of meat: a d. o’ meat. Etym. uncertain.

daggri [dagri], sb., dawn, de d. o’ de mornin’. U. (Uⁿ.). The first part of the compd. dag- is O.N. dagr, m., day; for the second part gri, Da. “gry”, dawn, see grik (grøk), sb.

dai, sb., see däi.

†daikel [dai‘kəl, däi‘kəl], sb., compass, tabu-name, used at sea by fishermen. A corruption of Eng. “dial”, sb.?

dak [dāk] and more comm.: djak [dᶎāk], vb., to saunter aimlessly about, to geng djakin aboot (Sa.). No. daka, vb., to walk lazily and carelessly; to saunter about (R.).

*dakk [dak], sb., thanks; handed down as the only word in Norn left from the lost grace before meat. Fladab., Conn. O.N. þǫkk (þakk-), f., thanks. For the change þ > d in Shetl. see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 36.

dal [dāl], sb., 1*) valley, direction of a valley; depression in the landscape. 2) trough of the sea between two waves, a d. atween twa waves (Uⁿ.). 3) a break in the weather; lull; abatement: a) calming of rough sea; he is a d. i’ de sea, the sea has gone down somewhat (Du.); b) short break between showers or squalls (Wests.); he’s just a d. for de maament [‘moment’] (Sa.); c) break in a storm or rough weather (N.Roe), a d. i’ de wadder [‘weather’], dali [dāli], a dali i’ de wadder: α) in N.Roe = dal 3 c; β) a fall in strong wind (Conn.; Du.), he’s makin’ a dal or dali, there is a break in the rough weather (in the storm), the gale abates. Cf. dol, sb. 4) a sound; firth; inlet (Fo.); mainly as a place-name; the inlet to the village “Ham” in Foula is thus called “de Dal”. — In sense 1, dal is now scarcely found except in place-names, mostly as a suffix in names of dales where, however, it is often pronounced del [dɛl, unstressed dɛl, del, dəl], influenced by Eng. “dale”, a word which is used colloquially in Shetl., side by side with “valley”. In Unst the form -dal is now, however, mostly used. See Shetl. Stedn. pp. 86—87. — O.N. dalr, m., dale. For dal (dali) 3, cf. No. dala av, vb., of storm-charged clouds: to glide away from the sky. — Shetl. dal [dāl] is also found in sense of a strip of level land; a flat, fertile patch of arable land, thus: a d. o’ grund, a bere-d., small patch of arable land for the sowing of barley (Ai.), “every tun (farm) has its dals” (Conn.); but in this case, dal comes from Celt. (Gael.) dail, sb., a patch of field, which often is found as the first part of Scottish place-names, denoting field; flat land. The two words are merged in Shetlandic. — See the compds. dala-mist, dala-mjork, dal(a)-reek, dalslag.

dal¹ [dāl], vb., prop. to descend; sink, now doubtless only in fig. sense: to diminish; cease; calm; a) of a short break in rough weather (between showers, squalls): to break; to calm; he’s dalin, there is a lull, = he’s a dal (Wests.); also of the subsiding of strong wind (S.Sh.); b) of rough sea: to assuage, go down, become calmer, noted down in Du. in the form dali [dāli]; he’s dalid a little. — O.N. dala, vb., to descend; sink; No. dala av, of storm-charged clouds: to glide from the sky (R.). See dal, sb. 3.

dal² [dāl] and dali [dāli], vb., to idle about; to come sauntering behind, to geng dal(i)in aboot, to come dal(i)in ahint or behint [‘behind’]. dali is now the usual form. Sw. dial. dala, dalla, vb., to go slowly; to dawdle; No. dalla, vb., to fidget; bustle, indicates quicker movements, -i in Shetl. “dali” probably originates from Eng. “dally”.

dalamist, dala-mist, sb., see under dalamjork.

dalamjork [dā··lamjȯ‘rk·] and dalamork [dā··lamȯ‘rk·], sb., mist lying in the dales while the heights are clear. Y^h. *dala-mjǫrkvi (myrkvi), “dale-mist”. O.N. mjǫrkvi, myrkvi, m., dense fog; Fær. mjörki, m., mist (summer-mist), is often used of low-lying mist or fog while the upper atmosphere is clear; Fær. pollamjörki corresponds to Shetl. dalamjork. In U. is used dalamist [dā··lamɩst·], dalamist = dalamjork; mist is here either O.N. mistr, m., mist, or Eng. “mist”. In Fe. the same phenomenon is called “dala [dāla]-reek”, really “dale-smoke”.

dala [dāla]-reek, dal [dāl]-reek, sb., 1) = dalamjork, dalamist. 2) mist rising from low-lying, stagnant water (lakes-, ponds), spreading itself over the bottom of a valley. Fe. Other forms are: a) dalari [dal··ari·] (Nm^w.), prob. an abbr. of “dala-reek”, and b) dolra [dålra]-mist, dol(le)rom [dål··ərȯm·, dɔl··ərȯm·] (Wests.). — *dal-(røykr), “dale-smoke”, No. dalrøyk (R. suppl.) = frostrøyk, m., mist or fog rising from water during severely cold weather. — The form dol(le)rom may have arisen under influence of the word dolleroms, dolderoms [dål··ərȯms·, dål··dərȯms· dɔl··-], sb. pl., = Eng. doldrums, sb. pl.

dali [dāli], sb., see dal, sb. 3.

dali¹, vb., see dal¹, vb.

dali², vb., see dal², vb.

dalibrod [dal··ibråd·], sb., see dorafel.

dalk [da‘lk], djalk [dja‘lk (dᶎa‘lk)], vb., 1) to walk heavily as if wading, to geng d(j)alkin; Fe. In Wh. in the form tjalk [tᶊa‘lk] by hardening of dj [dᶎ] to tj [tᶊ]; te geng tjalkin, a) = to geng dalkin, djalkin (see above); b) to walk with soaking-wet feet, with water oozing from one’s shoes, with transition to meaning 3. 2) to stride; swagger; to geng dalkin; S.Sh. 3) to make a gurgling, slightly splashing sound, e.g. as a stroke with anything wet; only noted down in Wh. in the form tjalk [tᶊa‘lk]; a tjalkin soond, a gurgling or slightly splashing sound, caused by giving a stroke with something wet. — On Wests. (Sa.) a form djolk [dᶎå‘lk] is found in the sense of to walk with soaking-wet feet, with water oozing from one’s shoes; djolkin weet [‘wet’], with soaking-wet feet. — No. dalka, vb., to dangle; bungle; mismanage; to soil with moist filth (Fær. dálka); to give a slight stroke with something soft and wet; also to saunter. — Cf. tjalk, sb.

dalslag [däᶅ·ᶊlāg·], sb., depression in the sea-bottom, fishing-ground with poor, soft (muddy, sandy) bottom; to fa’ upon [‘fall on’, to come upon] a d. (in fishing). Fe. Cf. No. dalslage (dal-slage), m., a small, low valley. Shetl. slag, sb., soft, damp hollow.

dammen(s) [damən(s)], sb., a ledge caused by a landslide on a steep slope, esp. near the coast; a dammen(s) i’ de banks, a green d. Fe. As a place-name, e.g. in: de Dammens o’ Bakkigert, de Dammens o’ Hubi (Fe.), steep stretch of coast with ledges caused by landslides. The plural -s in place-names has found its way into the sing. form in the colloq. language. The word is prob. O.N. dammr, m., dam, in an older sense: “mound, bank”. damm is found, in the sense of bank, in Kalder-damm [kaldər dam] (Sa.), the name of a steep, rocky bank of a stream. Cf. “Dam” in Scottish place-names, e.g. Starry Dam (H. Maxwell, Topography of Galloway) in the sense of lake-shore.

†damp [da‘mp], sb., end; the lower end of a fishing hand-line or long-line; comm.; occas. of an end-piece in general. Tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea. Of fairly mod. origin.; L.G., Da. and No. tamp, sb., a piece of a rope. Fær. dampur, m., end of a long-line (Svabo), is certainly a word borrowed from Shetl.

†damp [da‘mp], vb., to wear off the end of a fishing hand-line or long-line; de line is dampet (dampet op), the end has been torn off the hand-line. Sometimes in a wider sense: to break or tear off the end of anything; to break asunder, to d. de pipe (Esh., Nm^w.). Tabu-word used at sea. Formed from damp, sb.

dand [dand, dānd] and dandi [dandi, dāndi], vb., 1) to dandle; 2) to muse; be half-asleep, to geng dandin (dandiin) aboot. U. Fær. danda, vb., a) to dandle; b) to muse, ganga dandandi. Forms such as dandel [dāndəl] and dander [dāndər] are also used in both senses mentioned above; but these words are respectively: a) L.Sc. “dandill” to stroll; saunter; and b) Eng. dial. and L.Sc. “dander”, to saunter. 3) to keep the fishing-line in constant motion, up and down, with short jerks, esp. in herring-fishing; in this sense comm.: dandi; to sit dandiin wi’ de line or wand (wand = rod), to d. (for) herring, to catch herring by keeping the line (hand-line) in constant motion, up and down. A line, used in such fishing, is called “a dandi-line”. From Du. is recorded “to dandel [danəl] for herring” = to dandi [dandi] for herring. — The form dandi (note the final -i in inf.) is prob. influenced by Eng. “dandy”, sb. The root-meaning of the word seems to be, to move up and down by repeated, short jerks. Cf., esp. for dandi 3, No. denta, vb., to make repeated, short jerks (from *dant-); Sw. dial. datta (*danta) and dunta, vb., to strike lightly; thrust; to shake (be shaken) up and down (O.N. datta, vb., to palpitate, of the heart). See the etym. statement under “denta” in Ross.

†dangel [daŋgəl, daŋəl], vb., to dangle; saunter; idle about, to d. (geng danglin) aboot. No. dangla, vb., to dangle (dangleskjerding, idler); Sw. dial. dangla, vb., to dangle; idle. The Shetl. word is in meaning more closely connected with Sw. (No.) “dangla” than with Eng. “dangle”.

†dangler [daŋ(g)lər], sb., idler. From dangel, vb. No. dangleskjerding, m., idler. Eng. “dangler” is used in a rather diff. sense.

dank [da‘ŋk] and danki [da‘ŋki], sb., 1) a slight hollow; depression in the surface of the soil; dank and danki: N.Roe; dank: U^w.; danki: U^mo., Yⁿ., Ai.; denki [de‘ŋki]: Sa. 2) hollow between two waves, trough of the sea; dank: N.Roe. Sw. dial. dank, danke, n., hollow in a field, marshy spot (O.N. dǫkk, f., a depression; hollow).

danser [da‘nsər], sb., sea-term, fishermen’s tabu-name for the shark, a species of small shark, Shetl. ho. Da. danser. Really: “den dansende”, the dancing one.

dapl, dapel, vb., see djapl, vb.

dar [dār], vb., noted down in the pres. part. form in the phrase: “a darin [dārɩn] gale”, a hard gale, a violent storm. N.I. darin poss. means trembling, and, in that case, is to be referred to No. dadra and darra, vb., to tremble; shake; quiver, Sw. darra (dial.: daddra). — dar [dār], sb., in sense of a feeling of awe, fear, is L.S. daur. — Cf. darr, vb.

darbek, sb., see garbek.

darg [darg] and darget [dargət], sb., a mass; large portion of something, comm. used ironically when getting less than expected; I’m gotten a darg(et); a darg(et) ut o’ de coo, a large (small) quantity of milk in milking (U.). *dorg-. No. dorg, m., mass; heap; Sw. dial. dörje, heap (acc. to Ross). — For a second darg, from *dorg, see dwarg (dwerg), sb. — Different from these, and quite as extensively used, is a third darg in sense of day’s work; great or heavy piece of work; large tract of land to be cultivated; the latter is L.Sc. “darg”, abbr. of “day’s (da’s) wark [‘work’].”

darl, darrel [darəl], sb., caudal vertebra, the hindmost dorsal vertebra of an animal. Du. (Irel.). Also dorl, dorrel [dårəl]: Papa St. *darl, something rocking or loose. No. darre, m., pivot; vertebra of the neck; the first joint in the spinal column; No. darl, m., something trembling and dangling. See derl, derrel, sb.

darr [dar(r)], vb., to poke the fire too much, and thus spoil it, to d. i’ fire; often used actively, thus: to d. ut de fire; du’s darrin ut de fire. N. No. (and Sw.) dadra, darra, vb. (vb. n.), to quiver; tremble; bob up and down (repeatedly). — Cf. dar, vb., and derg, vb.

darri-inkel [dar·i-ɩ‘ŋ··kəl], vb., 1) vb. n., to walk with a lurch. 2) vb. a., to set in an untidy, zigzag manner, e.g. at the setting out of a fishing-line (long-line) into the water. Br. Compound word. The first part darri- is probably No. darra (darla), vb., to shake; to dangle; the second part -inkel is probably No. hingla, vb., parallel form to “hangla”, to dangle; balance, etc. The acceptance of *dingla would raise phonetic difficulties in regard to the dropping of the initial d.

darro [daro], sb. and vb., see dorro, sb. and vb.

dart [da‘rt], vb., to raise the foot and set it down again hard, to stamp, comm. with the word “foot” as object; to d. de feet, to stamp with the feet, to stamp along; to d. de foot, to stamp with the foot, I darted my foot at him. *darta. No. darta, vb., to trip; Sw. dial. (Gothlandic) därrtä, to step cautiously; Fær. darta, vb., to be in constant motion. Cf. Icel. dark, n., heavy gait, and darka, vb., a) to walk heavily; b) to walk quickly and carelessly. See dert, sb., dertek, sb., and dird, vb.

dask [dask], sb., thickness; misty clouds; dense haze, a lump o’ d.; of fog when lowering: he’s comin’ (comin’ doon) a d.; a d. ower (on) de land. Also used of damp, drizzly fog, almost = dunk(-a). Fo. Cf. No. dasken, adj., damp, wet and heavy. The word is prob. cognate with *dusk, Eng. dusk; see duska, sb.

dasket [daskət], adj., exhausted; worn out. Prop. a perf. part. *daskaðr, of a lost *daska, vb. O.N. dasask, vb., to be exhausted by worry; to be powerless, faint (No. dasa, to grow faint; Sw. dial. dasa, Da. dase, to drowse; to idle). For the derivative ending cf. No. dasken, adj., in sense of limp from over-exertion. — The word is also found in the forms desket [dɛskət, dæskət], comm., and dæsket [dǣskət], which might either be later developed forms of pronunc. of dasket, or deriv. of O.N. dæsa(sk), vb., parallel form to “dasa(sk)”; No. dæsa, vb., = dasa.

dat [dat], dem. pron., neut., that (O.N. þat), is used as the def. art. in the Shetl. phrase, handed down from O.N.: “wi’ d. sam’”, at once; at the same moment; immediately (Y^h.), = Fær. við tað sama. See de, pron.

dava [dāva], sb., a porridge-like substance resulting from the unsuccessful churning of milk, when the butter is either not at all or only partially separated from the milk; whey in which particles of the curd are floating. Wests. daba [dāba]: Uⁿ. dava must be classed with O.N. dafi = dapi, m., puddle; No. dave = dape with the deriv. depel, puddle; small portion of liquid (e.g. in a vessel). daba is doubtless O.N. dapi.

daver [dāvər], vb., 1) vb. n., to abate; diminish: a) of wind; de wind daverd; b) of anger; hot temper; he daverd, he quietened down. 2) vb. a., to calm; quieten; to calm a person who is in a temper; I daverd him. Wests. (St.). *dafra; No. davra and davrast, vb., to calm; to diminish, of storm, passion, illness, daver is also comm. used in the sense of a) to walk aimlessly, blindly, to geng daverin; b) to speak incoherently and vaguely, to speak daverin; c) to fall into a slumber, to d. ower (Ai.), but is in the three last given senses L.Sc. dauer, daiver, vb., to become or to be benumbed, or stupid. Cf. dover, vb.

davet [dāvot], adj., in the phrases “d. kirn, d. milk” = dava, sb.; q.v. Wests. Y. (Y^h.).

däi [däi], sb., 1) commotion in the sea; heave; swell, esp. as harbinger of storm; der’r a d. i’ de sea; Fe. 2) wave; Y^h.; Fe. — Sometimes = moderdäi, a shoreward drift, current under the surface of the sea, by which the fishermen (before the compass was in general use) steered their boats to the shore, e.g. in fog; to finn de land by de d. (Burra). Prob. to be classed with O.N. dýja, vb., to shake; Icel. dýja, vb., to move; draw to and fro (B.H.). For the development of sound í, ý > äi in Shetl. see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), §§ 6, 12, — and cf. däib, vb.

däib [däib], sb., prop. dipping, or one who dips (see däib, vb.), comm. in fig. sense: a person keenly and constantly occupied with some business, esp. with trifles; generally an elderly person: a auld [‘old’] d. o’ a creature. Noted down in Unst in the foll. senses: one who strives and toils, esp. of an aged, decrepit person; an old, worn-out animal; a jade (Uⁿ.); a worn-out person or animal (horse), a auld d. o’ a mare (Uⁿ.); a person who is very slow at work (U^wg.); a person who roams too much about and comes home late (U^wg.), — For the etym. relation, see the foll. däib, vb.

däib [däib], vb., 1) to dip, esp. of sea-fowl: to dip the beak into the water, to d. i’ de water; also dip, in general. 2) fig.: a) to be constantly at sea, occupied with fishing; he’s däibin i’ de sea for ever (Fe^w.); b) usually: to plod, to work assiduously, esp. to be very much occupied with trifles; comm.; as vb. n. and vb. a.: he’s däibin, or däibin him [‘himself’]; c) to strive and toil; to slave, esp. of an aged, somewhat worn-out person; an old jade; to d. on (Uⁿ.); d) constantly to soil oneself, to d. intill [‘into’] gutter (dirt); Conn.; e) to engage or indulge in gossip, to d. intill clash or gossip; Conn.; f) to stay out long, away from home (U^wg.); de kye [‘cows’] lie däibin ut till de head o’ dimm (dimm = midnight in summer). — *dýpa, vb., to dip, from O.N. djúp, n., deep; cf. L.G. djupen, O.N. dúfa, deyfa and deypa, vb., to dip. The development í, ý > äi is rather freq. in Shetl. Norn (through infl. of Eng.); cf. däi, sb., and däi(e)n under dien¹, sb.

däin and däien, sb., see dien¹, sb.

de [de, də], pron. neut. sing., it, O.N. þat, prop. dem., but only used impersonally and indefinitely in the expr. “de wer’”, it was; de [de] wer’ ae [ē] day, that…, it was a day, that…; assimilates in pronunc. to “de’ wer’” for “der’ wer’”, there were (was). The form de, it, appears in the first line of an old Norn verse from Unst: De vare (vera) gue ti [də vārə, vɛra, gūə ti̇̄], etc., it was at an opportune time, etc.; see the Introd. Cf. the use of dat, pron.

†deffi [dæf(f)i], sb., a species of web-footed bird, sanderling. Wh. Poss. referable to L.Sc. daff, vb., to be foolish; make sport; toy.

*defna-jora [dæf··najō·ra], sb., “deaf-ear", in sarcastic address to a deaf person; also *defna-jorna [dæf··najor·na]. Fo. *dauf-øyra (No. dauv-øyra, Da. døvøre). The first part of the compd. is anglicised, the ending -na is prob. due to influence of Eng. deafen, vb.; for the second part see jora, sb.

degi [dēgi, degi], sb., swamp; morass; very wet piece of ground, hollow; “de coo [‘cow’] is doon [‘down’] i’ de d., geng and look efter [‘after’] her!” U. (U^wg.). Also found as a place-name, esp. in Unst. degi may stand for *digi and be O.N. díki, n., swamp; morass, which word is still common in Icel., Fær. and No. The word might, however, also be a deriv. of *deig- (O.N. deigr, adj., soft) or *dig- (No. diga, f., and dige m., soft, quaking mass; digemyr, “deegemyr”, f., quagmire).

dekk [dɛk (dek, dæk), dək], sb., sea-bottom, tabu-name, used by fishermen at sea; de line is i’ de d., de “steed” (the sinker of the long-line) is at de d. Occas. also in a wider sense of bottom in general. dɛk: comm. dək: Uⁿ. (Har.). Besides dekk [dɛk] a form dekki [dæ‘ki] is found in Fo. Prob. O.N. dǫkk, f., No. dokk and dekk, f., hollow, depression.

del [dē^əl and more comm. del], sb., deal; part. O.N. deill, m., and deild, f.; del merges into Eng. deal, sb. Cf. the foll. word.

deld, djeld [dⁱēld, djē^əld, ᶁē^əld, ꬶē^əld (djeld), ᶁeld, ꬶeld], sb., a plot of ground, esp. a strip of grassland, pasture (home-field), a d. o’ girs [‘grass’]; N.I.; in U. also cultivated patch, part of a field: a corn-d. The forms with a long e (ē, ē^ə) are peculiar to Fe.; djeld, ᶁeld: Y.; (djeld) ᶁeld, ꬶeld: U. The word is commonly used in place-names, esp. as the last (second) part of a compd., denoting a plot of land (piece of home-field), cultivated patch. While the forms with softened initial d or inserted j are now dominant in the common noun d(j)eld, this is not the case with place-names with “deld (djeld)”, where instead, we sometimes find a softening of l. The word occurs, as a place-name, recorded in the foll. forms: dɛld, dæld, dɛᶅd, däᶅd, dɛ‘lt, djeld, djēld (djē^əld), ᶁeld (ꬶeld). In “de Daldeldins” [dal·dæl·dɩns, -dɛᶅ·ᶁɩns] (Fe^f.), from an original *daldeildirnar, -ins is a survival from O.N. def. pl. -irnar with Eng. pl. -s. See further Shetl. Stedn. pp. 87-88. — O.N. deild, f., deal; portion; Fær. deild, f., plot of land (home-field). Cf. bødi² (bøt), *flet² and *teg, sbs.

deml, demmel [dæməl] and more comm.: dembel [dæmbəl], sb., a splash in the water caused by dipping. *deml from *daml; No., Icel. and Fær. daml, n., splash; splashing. See deml, vb.

deml, demmel [dæməl] and more comm.: dembel [dæmbəl], vb., to splash; to cause a splash in the water by (quick) dipping, to d. i’ de water; often governing an object, thus, esp.: to d. de daffock, lo dip a bucket (with a splash) into the water in order to fill it. *demla, *damla, No., Icel. and Fær. damla, vb., to splash; No. demla, vb., a) to splash, = damla; b) to fill a vessel by pressing it down into the water.

deng [dɛŋ, deŋ], vb., to thrash; strike, O.N. dengja; merges into Eng. and L.Sc. ding, vb., to strike; beat, etc.

denki [de‘ŋki], sb., see dank, danki, sb.

densk [dæ‘nsk], adj., Danish, esp. in the expr. “d. money”, Danish money. N.I. Otherwise comm.: Danish. O.N. danskr, adj., Danish.

dentel-tree, sb., see dintel-tree, sb.

*depel [dɛpəl, dæpəl], sb., (collection of water,) swamp; puddle; a hollow in the ground in which water gathers; now only as a place-name: de D. Uⁿ. A form *debel [dēbəl] is found in Fe. as the name of a loch “Debels-water”. O.N. depill, m., stagnant water; puddle.

derdel [dærdəl], sb., short tail, sheep’s tail. Uⁿ. Icel. dirðill, Fær. dirðil, m., id. With ref. to derd- for *dird- see derl, derrel, sb. derdel is also found in the sense of tail-root, caudal vertebra (U^mo.), = derl, derrel.

derg [dærg, dərg], sb., something important and valuable, comm. ironically of trumpery or (collect.) worthless things. Doubtless the same word as darg, sb.

derg [dærg], vb., to poke the fire persistently and violently, to d. i’ de fire. Prob. a form derived from darr, vb., or for *degr from *daðra; see further under darr, vb.

derl, derrel [dærəl], sb., tail, esp. of sheep; also tail-root; caudal vertebra; the hindmost bone of the spine of an animal, de d. o’ de grice [‘pig’]. At times in a wider sense: something dangling; a rag; pl., derrels, rags. Prob.: *darl or *derrill, a deriv. of *darri; No. darre, m., vertebra of the neck; pivot of a door; a slender, quivering object. Cf. darl (dorl), sb. — In Unst a distinction is made between derdel [dærdəl], tail of a sheep, and derl, derrel, caudal vertebra. derdel seems to come from *dirðill: Icel. dirðill, Fær. dirðil, m., short tail; tail of a sheep; but the vowel-sound, in any case, indicates the influence of derl, derrel.

dermin [dærmɩn]-faced, adj., of sheep: having gray (dark) stripes on the face, esp. of a sheep of light colour with darker stripes. Conn. Not sufficiently confirmed; in any case, a rare word, derm(in) — provided this word is authentic — might represent *demr(in) in the sense of something dark, gray, as a deriv. of or cognate with *dimm- (O.N. dimmr, adj., Eng. dim, adj.); for the final r cf. domra, sb., fog, and Ger. dämmern, Da. dæmre. The suffix -in for -et [-óttr]? For the metathesis mr > rm cf. the reverse order in gomra from *gorma; see gomra, sb.

dert [dæ‘rt], sb., an old, decrepit, emaciated animal, a auld [‘old’] d. o’ a coo, o’ a sheep (N.Roe). Also an old maid. Really one who trips about? Cf. dart, vb., to stamp, No. darta, to trip, and derta, to step carefully, lightly and daintily, Gothlandic därrtä, to step cautiously.

dertek [dæ‘rtək, dɛ‘rtək], sb., a boot, sea-boot, tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea; comm. in pl.: derteks. Fe. *dertingr? To be classed with dart, vb., to stamp with the foot; q.v. — Other names are lers, pl., and stenkels, pl.

des [dɛs, dæs], sb., 1) hay-rick, large hay-stack; comm. 2) heather-stack; U.; Y. The mown heather (tek), to be used for thatching purposes, is dried in small, oblong stacks, called riggins, and then stacked up in a larger one, the so-called des. O.N. des, f., stack; hay-stack. Cf. dos, doss, sb.

des [dɛs, dæs], vb., 1) to heap up hay in stacks; comm. 2) to heap up mown heather in stacks; U.; Y. *desja, vb. See prec. des, sb.

desket [dɛskət, dæskət], adj., 1) exhausted; worn out; comm.; at times also with long æ-sound: dæsket [dǣskət] (Fladab., Conn.). 2) limp; slothful; dull, a desket body (Fo.; N.I. occas.). Cf. Sw. dial. daska, vb., a) to be indolent and dilatory; b) to go quietly; jog along. 3) confused; helpless; moping (Fe.; U^s.). — For the etym. of the word see dasket, adj.

dess [dæs(s)], vb., only noted down in the sense of to set out the long-line, in boat-fishing; he’s dessin her (de line) doon [‘down’] to Dagen [dāgən], he sets out the line by “Dagen” (a fishing-ground, also called “Mirka” [mə‘rka]). Fe. Uncertain origin. Poss. to be referred to No. and Sw. dial. dissa, vb., to swing, or to No. deisa, vb., to throw; fling.

dev [dēv (dē^əv, dē^æv), more rarely dev, dəv], vb., 1) to deafen, esp. to bewilder one with loud noise, = L.Sc. deave, deve; du’s devin [dēvɩn] me wi’ din. 2) to soften; calm; alleviate, e.g. pain; de pain is devd [dēvd], the pain is alleviated. 3) to take the chill off; warm slightly, e.g.: to d. water (Du.: dev, dəv); devd [devd, dəvd], having the chill taken off; made lukewarm. — O.N. døyfa (deyfa), vb., to deafen; deaden. dev doubtless arises from *døv, by change of ø to e (cf. e.g. er from ør: O.N. øyrr, eyrr, f., ear; sandy beach), but is prob. influenced in form by L.Sc. “deave, deve”, to which it assimilates in sense 1 (No. døyva, vb., is also found in the same sense). In senses 2 and 3, however, dev is especially Norse; cf. No. døyva, Da. “døve”, in sense of to deaden; alleviate (dev 2), and No. døyva = to soften; prepare by warming up and steaming (dev 3). A rarer parallel form to dev is the form dov [dōv], vb., to deafen or confuse by loud noise (N.), derived from a *daufa or *dauva, which has arisen from “døyfa” by dropping of i-mutation; cf. No. dauva, vb., to make slack, in conjunction with dauv, adj., deaf; slothful; dull, O.N. daufr. See dovin, sb.

devilin [dɛv··ɩlɩn·], sb., the devil, only noted down in the phrase “to d.”! oh! the devil! N.I. (Fe.). The word itself is anglicised in form, but the Old Northern def. art. is preserved. O.N. djǫfullinn, m., the devil.

di [di̇̄], sb., calming of the weather; abatement of storm; he’s a di i’ de wadder. Also dien [di̇̄ən]. S.Sh. (Conn., Du.). Prob. from an orig. *þýð- with the freq. change in Shetl. Norn þ > d (see di², vb., and Introd. V — also N.Spr. VII — § 36); cf. Icel. þýða, f., mildness, “mildness of weather” (B.H.); Icel. þýðr, adj., mild, of weather: þýtt veðr (O.N. pýðr, mild; kind). di, dien is commonly regarded as being derived from L.Sc. and Shetl. dee, vb., a) to die; b) to die away; become weakened. See di¹, vb.

di¹ [di̇̄], vb., to abate; calm, of rough weather; he’s did i’ de wadder. S.Sh. From O.N. þýða, vb., to attach (oneself) to. See prec. di, sb. The word merges into dee, vb., to die; die away; to become weakened.

di² [di̇̄], vb., to warm up, esp. to prepare limpets (patella), used for bait, by putting them into hot water to loosen them from their shells; to di de limpets, di de bait. Du. Otherwise comm.: to “leep” de limpets. Cf. the sea (tabu)-term “to fell (*vell) de flodreks”. di, in this case, prob. arises from O.N. píða, vb., to thaw; melt by heating, Icel. píða upp, to warm up. For the form, cf. di, sb.

*di, pers. pron. 2nd p. (pl.), see du, pron.

*di [di], prep., for, in an old proverbial phrase where it governs the genitive, like O.N. til, to, for: marta di gons teke di (de) veps [ma‘rta di gå‘ns tekə di (də) vɛps], much can be used for the woof that is useless for the warp, lit.: much (useless, understood) for warp, can be used for woof; original (O.N.) form: margt… til garns, tekit(?) til vepts. Y^h.

dibjassafit (?de-bjassafit) [dibjas··afɩt· (-fit·)], adj., weak; ailing; wretched; a puir [‘poor’] d. body. Uⁿ. Uncertain compd. Prop. a substantive? bjas(s) might be a development from *pis-, *pjas-, like bjakk from *pikk-, pjakk-, and bjark- from *pirk-, *pjark- (see bjakk, sb., and bjarki, adj.). No. pis, m., poor wretch, Sw. dial. pjas, n., (feeble-minded) wretch. Should the last part of the compd. be viti, vit [*vætti], a disparaging expr. used of a person (as the second part of the compd.)? The first part, di (de?)- might have arisen through infl. of syn. Eng. and L.Sc. words beginning with “de-”, thus, e.g. the common Shetl. adj., “depooperet”, ailing; poor (from Eng. depauperate, L.Sc. depauper, vb., to make poor; impoverish).

dien¹ [di̇̄ən] and däin [däin], däien [däiən], sb., swamp; marshy hollow; water-hole, de coo [‘cow’] is gane [‘gone’] in a d. Du. dien: Du^{s, e}.; däi(e)n: Du^w. (Irel.). In U. a compd. “dines [d^əi̇̄nəs (däinəs)]-pit” is found in the sense of very deep swamp; very deep hole (water-hole). — dien¹, däi(e)n, dine- must be O.N. (Icel.) dýna, f., swamp; morass (G.V.). — To be classed with this is prob. also donek [donək (dɔnək)], swampy hole; puddle (Du.), with dropped i-mutation. Cf. do in place-names, occas. = dø (swamp, O.N. dý); see further under dø, sb.

dien² [di̇̄ən], sb., = di, sb.

dig [dɩg], vb. a., to stamp, trample something down or together, to d. doon, to trample down. Du. (Sandw.). Either a) the same word as Fær. dika, vb., to beat hard (= díkja), to tramp along, dik, n., vigorous blow or push, also speed; run (O.N. dik, n., running; run), or b) = No. diga, vb., (to shake; rock) in the sense of to press down, compress (acc. to Ross, who, however, gives this definition as somewhat^{[errata 1]} uncertain). See digel, vb., and dikel, sb. and vb.

digel (digl) [dɩgəl] and djigel (djigl) [dᶎɩgəl], vb., 1) vb. a., to stamp; trample something down or together; de eart’ is a’ [‘all’] digeld (djigeld); N.I. 2) vb. n., to work without result, making no head-way; to bungle, to stand d(j)iglin; Ai. 3) vb. a. and vb. n., to shake or to be shaken to and fro, up and down; to swing, d(j)igel; N.I. — Poss. diff. words; d(j)igel 1, in any case, is a deriv. of dig, vb., see prec; with d(j)igel 3 compare, partly No. diga, vb., to tremble; shake; swing, partly No. dika, vb., in sense of to rock; move slightly to and fro (R.). Cf. further dikel (djikel), sb. In sense 3 the Shetl.-Norn digel, djigel has been blended with Eng. jiggle, vb.

digelmur, -moor [dɩg··əlmūr·], djigelmur [dᶎɩg··əlmūr·], digelsmur [dɩg··əlsmūr·] and diglamur, diglimur [dɩg··lamūr·, dɩg··li-], sb., 1) hard, clayish ground (reddish, rust-coloured); Fo.: digelsmur. 2) thick mud; mire; very sodden ground; Sa.: djigelmur; Esh., Nm^w.: digla- and diglimur. In Esh. esp. of sodden, peaty soil. — These two words treated, seem to be different. With digelsmur (sense 1) cf. Icel. deigulmór, m., potter’s clay (deigull, O.N. digull, m., melting-pot). With djigelmur, digla- and diglimur (sense 2) may be compared, partly No. digemyr, f., quagmire (diga, f., and dige, m., soft mass; soft, muddy bottom), partly No. dikemyr, f., swamp; muddy bottom (dike, O.N. díki, n., mud; slough; morass); see further dikel, sb. 3.

digger [dɩg(g)ər], sb., firmness of texture; strength; quality to withstand wear, of clothes; implements; der’r d. in it, nae [‘no’] d. in it. Y. (Y^h.). From the root *dygg-; O.N. dygð, f., virtue; strength; ability; good quality; a parallel form “dyggleike” in No. = strength; goodness; quality. The ending -er in digger might be due to infl. of the syn. doker.

dikel [dɩkəl] and djikel [dᶎɩkəl], sb., 1) quick motion up and down; violent shaking, esp. commotion in the sea, swell with small, choppy waves; de sea is in a djikel (Uⁿ.). 2) trampled condition, of ground; de grund is in a dikel (Uⁿ.: djikel). 3) thick mud; U^wg.: dikel. — From *dik-?; see further under dig, vb., and digel (djigel), vb. Possibly different words. With d(j)ikel 1 cf. d(j)igel, vb. 3, corresponding partly to No. diga, partly to No. dika. dikel 3 (connected with d. 2) assimilates in form, as well as in meaning, to Sw. dial. dikkel, n., mud in a morass (see Ri. under du, m., = dy, mud); or poss. connected with O.N. díki, n, mud; morass.

dikel [dɩkəl] and djikel [dᶎɩkəl], vb. n. and vb. a., to trample; trample down (in mud); to dikel de flør [‘floor’], to tread down the floor (earthen floor, clay floor): U^wg. See digel (djigel), vb. 1.

*dikk [dɩk, dək], sb., drink; something to drink, fo me a d.! give me something to drink! U^w. From an older *drikk, O.N. drykkr, m., a drink.

dill [dɩl (del, dəl)], sb., rag, prop. something dangling; to hang in dills, of ragged clothes. See dill, vb.

dill [dɩl (del, dəl)], vb., 1) vb. n., to be shaken to and fro; to hang dangling, e.g. of ragged clothes; also to jog idly along, walking in a maze; to d. aboot, to geng dillin. 2) vb. a., to d. awa [‘away’] de time, to idle away one’s time by aimless walking about (Sa.). — No. and Sw. dilla, vb., to dangle; shake. This word is diff. from the Eng. dial. dill, vb., to soothe; also die down; become quiet (to d. down), which has been taken over into Shetl., and esp. used of a lull in rough weather; a “dill”, a lull (Shetl.).

dilldus [dɩl·dus·], sb., collect., dangling rags, esp. of ragged clothes on a person; to hang in d.; it is a’ hangin in d. aboot him, he is completely in rags. U^mo. Compd. For the first part see above dill, vb.; the second part is prob. = No. duss, m., a shake, which is to be classed with “dissa”, vb., to shake; swing.

dilød (?de-lød) [dilød·], vb., to disfigure; to be unbecoming = afljud, vb.; yon [‘that’] hat diløds dee. N.Roe. lød is O.N. lýta, vb., to disfigure; blemish, etc. The form dilød has prob. arisen under infl. of the Eng. delude, vb., pronounced in the same way in Shetl.

dimm [dɩm], more rarely dimma [dɩm(m)a] and dimmer [dɩmər, dəmər], sb., dusk; twilight; hit [‘it’] will be dimm ere [‘before’] dey come back (Y.). — dimm is here to be regarded as the substantive and not as the adjective; du’s been dee a dimm (Uⁿ.), a dimma (Fe.), a dimmer (Y^h., M.Roe), a dimmek [dəmək] (U^wg.), you have been a long time away, orig. said to one who has been away during the day and comes home when darkness falls; cf. dagali and dimmodali in the same sense, dimmek (U^wg.) and dimmer (Y^h.) are reported in the sense of long time, long while. — dimm is especially used in the sense of midsummer-night; de head o’ (de) dimm, the dimmest part of the midsummer-night (cf. dabb and korl, de k. o’ dimm). The word is found used metaph. in the phrase “a dimm o’ dirt”, of very troublesome and tedious work, unless the latter dimm happens to be a word differing from dimm in sense of dusk. — O.N. dimma, f., (slight) darkness; No. dimm, Fær. dimmi, n., the darkest hours of the night in summer, midsummer-night. — dimmek [dɩmək, dəmək] (U^s.), in sense of a) stormy weather; rough weather at sea; b) violent quarrel, is prob. a diff. word from the above-mentioned; poss. Cymric, tymm- (cf. Welsh tymmestl, f., storm; rough weather, and tymmer, f., temperament). dim [dim] (Fe.), a useless person, is prob. L.Sc. “deam”, contemptuous term for a girl.

dimm [dɩm], vb., to make or grow (somewhat) dark; to grow dusk, he’s dimmin, the darkness (the twilight) is falling. O.N. dimma, vb., to make dark; grow dusk. — dimm [dɩm], adj., somewhat dark, O.N. dimmr, assimilates to Eng. dim.

dimma, sb., dimmek, sb. and dimmer, sb., see dimm, sb.

dimmer [dɩmər], vb., to darken, become nightfall = dimm, vb. “he dimmers doon de night.” Fe^w. For the final r cf. dimmer, sb., darkness, domra², sb., fog, and poss. “dermin-faced (*demrin-faced?).”

dimm [dɩm]-hail, sb., successful haul of fish on a midsummer-night (dimm); also of a good catch, good profit in general. L.Sc. and Shetl. hail, sb., = Eng. haul.

dimmodali [dɩm·odā·li], sb., in the phrase “du’s been dee a d., you have been long (a good while) away. Sa. From an older *dimm-ok-dagali? See further under dimm, sb., and dagalien, sb. Poss. influenced by dali, vb.

dimmriv [dɩm·rɩv·], sb., dawn in summer; also “dimm-rivin”’. From dimm, sb., dusk, and riv, sb., clearing up; cf. No. riva, Fær. ríva, vb., to tear, of weather: to clear up.

dimmset [dɩm·sɛt·], sb., nightfall in summer, the beginning of midsummer-night (Fe.). dimm, sb., and set, sb., transferred from “day-set” (O.N. dagsetr, n., the close of day, sunset, see dag¹).

dims, sb., see dimska, sb.

dimska [de‘mska, də‘mska], sb., fog, bank of fog (in the distance), line of fog; der’r a d. upo (ower) de land, alang de horizon; misty vapour; der’r a d. gaun [‘going’] ut fae (frae) de sea; a d. i’ (upo) de sea. Also dimsk [de‘msk, də‘msk]. S.Sh. — dims [(de‘ms) də‘ms], light covering of clouds, haze; may be either an abbr. of dimska or derivative of *dism(a) with a later metathesis of sm to ms; No. disma, f., dism, n., light fog, heat-haze, haze (Fær. dism, n., dust).

din [dɩn], sb. and vb., see don.

*din, pron., see under du, pron.

dines-pit, sb., see dien, sb.

ding [dɩŋ], sb., proud, somewhat arrogant gait and bearing, tossing one’s head and swinging one’s body when walking; der’r a d. upo dee de day [‘to-day’]. Fe. *ding-. Prob. to be classed with the foll. derived word dingel, vb.

dingel [dɩŋgəl, deŋgəl], vb., to dangle; swing; to be shaken to and fro; also to walk waveringly, swingingly; to potter aimlessly about with various trifles, to geng dinglin (aboot). Comm. dinkel [de‘ŋkəl], to geng dinklin (pottering) aboot de hoose: Du. *dingla.

†dinol (?de-nol) [dinōl·], vb., to crush; smash to pieces. Sa.

dintel-rivlin [də‘ntəl-rɩvlɩn], sb., a brogue, rivlin, made of particularly thick, tanned hide. Du. With dintel cf. No. dynta, adj., thick; stout; corpulent, and duntul, m., small bundle.

dintel [de‘ntəl, dʌ‘ntəl]-tree, sb. = settin-tree: a dibble. Uⁿ. dintel prob. from *dynt-; O.N. and Mod. Icel. dyntr, m., a push; thump; dint, with the deriv. “dyntill”, m.; Eng. dint, sb., id. No. duntul, “duntedl”, m., pestle; churn-staff (R., doubtful).

dip [dɩp], vb., is Eng. dip, but sometimes used with following refl. or pers. pron. in acc. in the sense of to bend oneself; sit down for a moment; dip dee doon! In a similar sense No. dyppa (duppa), duva, vb.

dird [dɩrd], sb., feverish haste; der’r a d. upo dee de day [‘to-day’]. Uⁿ. Doubtless to be classed with No. didra, dirra, vb., to vibrate; shake. dirdom [dɩrdom], sb., is used almost in the same sense; to be in a d., to be in a great hurry (N.I.); but this is really L.Sc. dirdum, uproar; tumult, etc., and Eng. dial. durdum, sb., which in Shetl. has been affected in meaning by words such as dirr, dirl — see the foll. articles.

dird [dɩrd], vb., to stamp, to d. de feet, to stamp with the feet. Conn. Occas. also to trample something down (Sa.). Parallel form to dart, vb. Poss. an orig. *derta; cf. No. derta, vb., to step lightly, as a parallel form to “darta” and Shetl. dertek, sb. L.Sc. dird, sb., a stroke. — djird, vb., = jird, differs from dird.

dirdel, djirdel [dᶎɩrdəl], vb., to shake; swing; de bog is djirdlin under me. Sa. Hardly the same word as the common dirl, vb.; more prob. for *dilder (*djilder) by metathesis of r and l, = No. dildra, vb., inter alia, to shake; tremble (R.). For the development di- > dji [dᶎɩ]- cf. e.g. digel > djigel, vb., and dikel > djikel, sb. and vb.

dirl, dirrel [dɩrəl, derəl, dərəl], sb., vibration; swinging; trembling or shaking movement, to set onyting in a d.; shake; push, to get a d.; quick movement; bustle; to be in (upon) a d., to bustle away or about; he cam’ wi’ a d., a) he came rushing along (in a heedless manner); b) of the wind: it came with a sudden gust (so that everything shook) (Sa.). Also applied to a dangling object, something trailing behind one in walking; kwatna [‘what’] d. is yon [‘that’], (at) du has behint dee? (Sa.). *dirl (vibration; shaking); No. dirl, n., something dangling or swinging. See dirl, vb.

dirl, dirrel [dɩrəl, derəl, dərəl], vb., to vibrate; shake; dangle; swing; to come dirlin behint, to come dangling behind (Sa.). No. and Fær. dirla, vb., id.

dirlet [(dɩrlet) dərlət], adj., that walks carelessly, swinging and bobbing; a d. body. Du. *dirlóttr. See dirl, dirrel, sb. and vb.

dirr [dɩrr, dərr], sb., vibration; trembling; vibrating sound. *dirr. See dird, sb.

dirr [dɩrr, dərr], vb., to vibrate; tremble; quake. *dirra (*diðra). See dird, sb.

dirridu [dərr··idū·], sb., stormy petrel (bird). Nm^w. (Esh.). The first part of the compd. dirri may poss. be classed with No. dirl, n., and dirle, m., slender figure; nimble person, derla, f., inter alia: wagtail (bird); cf. “doðr-” in O.N. doðrkvisa, f., a certain bird (S.E.). The second part is prob. O.N. dúfa, f., dove.

†dist [dɩst (däist)] and †distin [dɩstɩn], sb., a light threshing of corn; to gi’e de corn a d., to thresh the corn lightly; thresh some corn (to give to the cows). Conn. Poss. to be referred to L.Sc. dyst, sb., a dull blow. See further dus, sb. and vb., and dust, sb.

†dist [dɩst], vb., to beat a little, thresh the corn lightly, to d. op [‘up’]; d. op twa [‘two’] sheaves! thresh some corn, e.g. two sheaves (to give to the cows)! Conn. *dysta? See further dist, sb., dus, sb. and vb., and dust, sb.

ditti [dətti, dəti]-bag, sb., a small bag for keeping trifles, esp.: a) a bag with trifles, belonging to a woman’s occupation; Y.; Fe. b) fisherman’s bag (with materials for repairing minor damages to a fishing-line); Esh., Nm^w. c) sailor’s bag; U^wg. (“forsin-bag”, of a boat-fisherman’s bag). — ditti- is prob. to be classed with No. dytta, vb., to potter; busy oneself with trifles.

divlek [dɩvlək], sb., a large, unshapely piece of bread, cake (brøni, bannock). Uⁿ. Either for *dilvek and to be classed with No. dolva, f., block, large piece, or a parallel form to tivlek, sb.

djadd [dᶎad], vb., in the phrase “to d. de glonter [glȯ‘ᶇtər]”, to snuff the wick in the train-oil lamp, tabu-phrase (sea-phrase) belonging to the fishermen’s lang. Conn. Prob. from the root *datt- and really denoting to give a light stroke or push (cf. Sw. dial. datt, m., stroke; push, and dutta, vb., to push gently; O.N. datta, vb., of the heart: to palpitate, and detta, to fall). In L.Sc., “dad”, acc. to Jam., denotes a sudden and violent stroke. The development *dadd > djadd [dᶎad] may be paralleled with, e.g. dak > djak [dᶎāk], vb., dalk > djalk (djolk), vb.

djafs [dᶎafs], vb., to splash through mud, to geng djafsin t’rough a mire. No. dafsa, vb., to plash; walk carelessly (R.^S.B.). — jafs [dᶎafs], vb., q.v., differs from djafs.

djag, djagh (djach) [djāγ or djāχ, dᶎāγ or dᶎāχ], sb., dough; lump of dough, esp. leaven; lump of leaven. L. djag(h) is prob. a development of an older *deg [*dēg, *dēγ], from O.N. deig, n., dough; kneaded mass of flour. For ja from e, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 26 (“an yaar” = hann er, “yach” = ek, in the Foula ballad); for the gutturals γ, χ developed from g, cf. dāχ (dāγ) = dag¹, further baγa-, bloγa, næγi = -bagga-, bloga, nægi- (see bakka-, blokka, neggistikk). djagh (djach), however, is certainly influenced by L.Sc. daigh, dagh (dough).

djagg [dᶎag, dᶎäg], sb. and vb., see dagg, sb. and vb.

djak [dᶎāk], vb., see dak, vb.

djalk [dja‘lk (dᶎa‘lk)], (sb. and) vb., see dalk, vb., and tjalk, sb.

†djapl, djapel (japl, japel) [dᶎapəl], sb., slush; mire, a d. (j.) o’ gutter. See djapl, vb.

†djapl, djapel (japl, japel) [dᶎapəl], vb., 1) vb. n., to stamp with the feet in water, to d. (j.) wi’ de feet in water (Wd.); to go splashing, to geng (d)japlin. A rarer parallel form, perhaps the original dapl, dapel [dapəl], is reported from U. 2) vb. n., to gurgle, squelch, of water in the shoes, in walking; of the feet: to be soaking wet (really, making a squelching sound when walking), de feet is [‘are’] (d)japlin. 3) vb. a., to full stuff or clothes by stamping, to d. (j.) claes. — May be referred partly to No. dabla, vb., to splash; gurgle (O.N. dafla), Eng. dabble, vb., partly to No. japla, vb., to gurgle (R. citing Christie), partly to L.Sc. jabble, vb., to agitate fluid; splash; sprinkle; gurgle. An initial dᶎ- in Shetl. may develop from an orig. d (see e.g. dalk, vb.), or an orig. j (see jafs, vb.), and at times from an orig. gj (see gjolger, sb.). — (d)japl partly assimilates to japp [dᶎap], vb., a) to bring down the foot (esp. of soaking-wet feet), so as to make a squelching sound in the shoes, when walking, to geng jappin; b) = (d)japl 2. japp is most prob. L.Sc. jawp, jaup (jalp), vb., to splash; bespatter with mud, etc., though it almost assimilates to No. jappa, vb., to gurgle (but certainly rare in this sense, R. citing Christie). In like manner japp [dᶎap], sb., commotion in the sea, choppy sea, is prob. L.Sc. jawp, jaup (jalp), sb., a dash of water; spot of mud, etc., though, in meaning, it almost assimilates to No. japp- and Icel. gjalp, f., dash of waves; beating of waves.

djarf [dᶎa‘rf], sb., hardiness; courage, esp. absence of fear the dark; had du ony [‘any’] d., when du guid [‘went’] dat [‘that’] way? Fo. O.N. dirfð, f., Fær. dirvi, f. and n., boldness; hardiness; courage, from djarfr, adj. In Shetl. the substantive assimilates in form to the adjective; q.v.

djarf [dᶎa‘rf], adj., (bold,) hardy; fearless; esp. not afraid the dark. Parallel form: tjarf [tᶊa‘rf] (Wh., etc.), by hardening of dj to tj. djarfi [dᶎa‘rfi]: Fo. occas. — Sometimes used as a substantive: a djarf (tjarf), a bold person (not afraid the dark). — O.N. djarfr, adj., hardy; bold; courageous.

djeld, sb., see under deld, sb.

djimp, sb., see dump, sb.

djimp [dᶎɩ‘mp], vb., to pound, thrust or press down; to stamp, trample down, to d. doon [‘down’]. Wests. (Sa.). Hardly direct from Eng. jump, because some of the senses, in which djimp is used, deviate too widely; poss. an orig. *dimp and the same word as Sw. dial. dimpa, vb., to fall down heavily; also to thump; pound (dompa, dimpa); O.N. dumpa, vb., to beat; pound. For a development of sound di- > dji [dᶎɩ]- in Shetl. see e.g. digel (djigel), vb., and dikel (djikel), sb. and vb. djimp may have been affected by Eng. jump. — gimp, vb., differs from the word here treated.

djolg, djolger (djölger), sb., see gjolg, gjolger (gjölger), sb.

djolk [dᶎå‘lk], vb., see dalk, vb.

djoll [dᶎȯl], sb., lump; thick, round figure, e.g. a d. o’ a ox, a stubby ox (Du.), a d. o’ wood, a shapeless piece of wood (L.). djoll prob. for *doll, *dolj [*dȯᶅ] from *dull-. Cf. No. dall, m., dalla and dulla, f., a lump; round figure.

*djordafill [djȯr··dafɩl·], sb., noted down in the foll. phrase: “du’s made a d. o’ yon ane (yon corn-sheaf)”, you have made that sheaf much too large. Conn. Compounded word. Etym. uncertain.

djub [dᶎūb] and more rarely djup [dᶎup], sb., depth; depths of the sea; deep morass, a deep d.; a blue d., a very deep place in the sea, = O.N. bládjúp, n., "bottomless depth in the sea” (Fr.). djub: comm. djup: U. In a few places (Wh.): tjub [tᶊūb, tᶊô^əb]. In Fo. “de djub” is preserved as the fishermen’s tabu-name (sea-term) for the ocean; the sea, esp. for deep-sea fishing-grounds. In Wh. tjub [tᶊô^əb] is occas. used of a muddy hollow in the sea-bottom, a spot where little or no fish is to be had; dey were fa’en [‘fallen’] intill a tjub or guttery (muddy) hole. — O.N. djúp, n., depth; depths of the sea; in poetry also ocean.

djubek [dᶎobək], sb., a small, undeveloped ling (fish). Fo. Prob. a deriv. (*dýpingr, *djúpingr) from O.N. djúp, n., Shetl. djub, sb., depths of the sea.

djur¹ [dᶎūr, dᶎū^ər], sb., animal; head of cattle; I ha’e no a d., I do not own a single beast. a auld d., an old ewe (Conn.). In Du. esp. of a horse. Pl. djurs, cattle, esp. cattle kept in the out-field. Sometimes “de djurs” means the horses, the horses in the out-field, in contrast to “de baess”, the cows, the cattle, djúr or *djór. Norse djúr = dýr, n., an animal; Fær. djór, Sw. djur.

djur² [dᶎū^ər], sb., "brick”, excellent fellow, etc., ironically in address to persons. Uⁿ. A mingling of djur¹ [djúr, *djór], animal; beast, and either ON. dýrr, adj., dear; valuable; costly, or a substantive prefixed by “dýr-” (O.N. dýrgripr, m., treasure, Icel. dýrmenni, n., an excellent man)?

djutt [dᶎut], vb., to walk slowly with heavy steps, to tramp, to geng djuttin ower de face o’ de eart’. Du. No. dutta (dytta), vb., to stamp, Sw. dial. dutta, vb., to touch; nudge gently.

do [dō (dɔ̄)], sb., strength; energy; activity and perseverance in working; der’r nae [‘no’] do in him. Also sometimes of objects: solidity; durability; quality; der’r nae do in (atill) it. Sa., etc. dwo [dwō]: Fo. O.N. dáð, f., (deed,) good capacity, valour. See dolos, do-less, adj.

dod [dɔd (dåd), dɔ̇d], sb., a low soughing sound, caused by the wind through the opening in the roof (as a harbinger of snow), a snawy d. (somewhat weaker than don, sb.). dɔd (dåd): Conn. dɔ̇d: N.I. O.N. þot, n., a howling; soughing; roaring. Cf. tod in brimtod, sb.

dodd¹ [dåd(d)], sb., tuft; tangled lock, a d. o’ hair; Flad., Conn., Sa. No. dodd, m., = dott, m., tuft; wisp; lump; Fær. doddur, m., inter alia: tangled tuft of hair. In the sense of a very large piece (Fo.), dodd is L.Sc. “dawd, daud”, and in the sense of rag, ragged article of dress, it is Eng. “dud”.

†dodd² [dȯd], sb., a broken nail (iron nail). U^mo. O.N. toddi, m., small piece?

dodda [dådda], interj., expressing surprise: bless us! in the expr. oh, d. me! Conn. dátt neut. of O.N. dár, adj., that makes a tremendous impression?

doddel [dȯdəl], sb., a person constantly occupied, esp. with trifles. Y. (Y^m.). Prob.: *dutl. Cf. No. dutta (dytta), vb., to make repeated, slight jerks; to busy oneself with trifles. and dutla, vb., to be busy with trifles; dutlar, m., slow-going person.

doddel [dȯdəl], vb., to be constantly occupied, esp. with trifles. Y. See doddel, sb.

dof [dɔf, dof, dȯf], adj., prop. stale, having lost its strength, esp. in the phrase “d. [dɔf, dof] mould [møld]”, mould, dried in heaps and (mixed with dry manure) used as litter for cows in the byre (Nm.; Fe.). a d. [dȯf] peat, a slow-burning or non-heating piece of peat (Sa.). Cf. No. dovamold, f., loose and barren (“powerless”) mould, with “d. mould”. — In a more comprehensive sense: dull; inert; silly, dof is L.Sc. dowf, adj. — Cf. doven, adj., and dofen, vb.

dof [dof], sb., = dof mould; a kessi (basket) o’ d. Nm^w. See dof, adj.

dofen [dȯfən], vb., 1) to become slack and feeble (powerless); comm. 2) to abate; calm, of storm, rough weather; he’s dofend i’ de wadder. Conn. O.N. dofna, vb., to become slack and feeble. No. dovna, vb., to calm; abate, etc. See doven, vb.

dofikus [dof··ikus·], sb., a heap, kus, of dried (powerless) mould; Nm. See dof, adj. (dof mould). Cf. møldikjos, sb.

dofnin [dȯfnɩn], sb., calming, abatement of storm and rough weather; he’s a d. i’ de wadder. Conn. From dofen, vb.

*dogen, adj., see *goden.

doger [dōgər], sb., intense anxiety, anxious waiting, e.g. fearing that an accident may have occurred; shø [‘she’] was in a d., she was waiting anxiously. Ai. Poss. arisen from the more common uppadoga [*uppidagaðr] by omission of the first part of the compd., as the phrase “to be in a doger” is syn. with “to be uppadoga”; see further under the latter word. Note, however, No. døger, n., day and night, used in sense of: a) point of time with regard to a certain natural or mystic effect of the time of day; b) spirits; humour, = Sw. dial. döger (O.N. dœgr, m., period of twelve hours).

†doi [dåi], sb., expletive, in the phrase “Doi tak’ dee!” Conn. Really, name for the devil?

doit [dɔi‘t, dåi‘t], sb., a dull, indolent person. O.N. dottr, No. dott, m., a dull, incapable, careless person; L.Sc. doit, sb., a fool; numskull. As the development of sound -ott > -oit is regular in Shetl. Norn (see Introd. V — also N.Spr. VII — § 19), and the foll. doit, vb., as well as *ordedoit, sb., must be supposed to be Shetl. Norn words, there need be no question of loan or influence from L.Sc.

doit [dɔi‘t, dåi‘t], vb., to nod from sleepiness; to doze over some work or other, to sit doitin ower a ting; also to walk drowsily and lazily. Rarely in the form dott [då‘t] (St. occas., really Ork.?). *dotta; Icel. dotta, vb., to nod from sleepiness; take a nap. In sense of to walk lazily, doit partly assimilates to L.Sc. doytt and doiter, vb., but the sound-change -oit must, however, be regarded as a regular Shetl. development of -ott; see doit, sb., and cf. *ordedoit, sb.

doker [dokər, dɔkər, dåkər], sb., firmness of texture; strength; quality to withstand wear, esp. of articles of clothing; der’r nae [‘no’] d. in it. Sometimes of wear (the act of wearing out something); hit [‘it’] can stand or bide nae d., it can stand no wear. Prob. from O.N. dugr, m., (ability); strength; power; force, by hardening of g to k. Cf. the syn. digger from *dygg- (dygð).

dokk [do‘k], adj., gloomy; depressed; discouraged; he’s unco [‘very’] d. upon him (it); often intensive in the phrase: “d. and dowie” (L.Sc. dowie = dolly, adj., dull; spiritless). Fe. O.N. dǫkkr, adj., dark; dim.

dokka [dɔka] and comm.: dokki [dɔki (dȯki)], sb., 1) a young girl; now mostly as a term of endearment to a child, esp. a girl: my dokki! From Norwick, Uⁿ., an original form is reported, ending in -a: (my) piri (little) dokka! Sometimes in the sense of a) a good-looking girl, “shø [‘she’] is a regular dokki” (Uⁿ.), and b) sweetheart, “Ola’s dokki” (Uⁿ.). 2) doll, imitation of a doll, esp. a rag-doll. O.N. dokka, f., girl; vertical support in a windlass; a skein. No. dokka, Sw. docka, = Da. dukke, a doll; skein; endaring term to a girl.

dokki [dɔki], sb., a new sprout of an old cabbage-plant; new sprout that starts growing along the stalk from the root of an old cabbage-plant. Uⁿ. Really the same word as the foregoing?

dol [dō^əl], sb., abatement; short calm or break in rough weather or in a high wind; he’s a d. Conn., Du. No. dola, daala, vb., of wind: to abate; calm; daal, n., lull between squalls.

dol [dō^əl], vb., to abate; calm, of rough weather; high wind; he’s dolin. Conn. More commonly as a substantive; see dol, sb.

dolabrod, doli-, sb., see dorafel, sb.

dola [dȯla (dȯᶅa)]-tree, sb., contemptuous expr. applied to a useless, indolent person. Conn. Doubtless *duratré; Icel. dura (dyra)-tré, Fær. duratræ, n., lintel.

dolek [dɔlək, dålək], sb., 1) a small watercourse; brook; De. 2) liquid manure from the byre, flowing through an open gutter (= runek, ronek and oil(er), oller, olger); orig. doubtless of the gutter itself. Y. More common in the foll. derived senses: 3) a) a dirty puddle; duck-pond; slough; b) very marshy piece of ground. Y. O.N. dæla, f., a gutter; in No. also: water-furrow; ditch; small brook.

dolerom, sb., see dala-reek, sb.

do-less, adj., see dolos, adj.

dolhoit [dȯl⁽·⁾hɔit·, -håit·, -hɔ̇it·], sb., prop. fairy-hat, but now only used in a fig. sense in the foll. exprs.: 1) to cast a d. ower anesell [‘oneself’], to cast anesell op in (intill) a d., a) to malinger in order to get out of some work or other (N.I.); b) more rarely: to become retiring, become silent and sulky (Yⁿ., U. occas.) — really to hide oneself in a fairy-hat; he cuist [pronounced kjøst; past tense of “cast”] a d. ower him (himself), he cuist him op in (c. h. intill) a d.; to sit in a d., to feign illness (N.I.), to sulk (Yⁿ., etc.); he laid him op wi’ a d., he lay down refusing to work (feigning illness). 2) somewhat differing in sense, as: a) he’s cassen (casten) a d. upon him, he is dirty and carelessly dressed (Fe.); b) de creature is turned d., the beast has lost its condition and good appearance (Y^h.) — dolhoit, in the last expr., is used adjectivally. — O.N. dulhǫttr, m., a hat or hood to put on in order to conceal one’s identity.

doli [dōli, dō^əli], sb., soft (muddy or sandy) hollow in the sea-bottom, esp. of a bad fishing-ground. Sometimes also dwali [dwāli]. Nm^w. O.N. dœl, f., a small dale; depression in the landscape (No. døl, f.).

dolk [dȯ‘lk], sb., a big, bulky person; a big great d. Du. No. dolg, m., lump; indolent person, and dolk, m., a slack, indolent lout.

dollek¹ [dȯlək, dȯᶅək (dɔ̇ᶅek)], sb., a big, clumsy being or object; Du. [dȯlək]; N.I., etc. [dȯᶅək (dɔ̇ᶅək)]; a d. o’ a wife [‘woman’] (N.I.); a d. [dȯᶅək] o’ a brøni, a thick, lumpy cake (Wh.). Besides dollek a form dullek [dolək] is reported from Uⁿ. in sense of a stout clumsily-built woman. No. dulla (dylla), f., a round-ish figure. See the foll. dollek.

dollek² [dȯᶅək (dɔ̇ᶅək)], sb., a bucket, pail. Uⁿ., Yⁿ. Now rare. — dudla [dodla], dudlek [dodlək] and dudlin [dudlin, dodlɩn]: Fo. (partly obs.); cf. *vats(a)-dudlin. — Orig. doubtless the same word as dollek¹. — *dulla, *dylla; Fær. dylla (“didla”), f., a small milk-pail. No. dull, dyll, m., and dylla, f., a pail. The form dudlin = *dulla-n with the def. art. Other forms for bucket, water-pail are: a) fodek (fedek), q.v., and b) most comm.: dafek [dafək], from Gael. dabhach, large tub; brewing-vat.

dolos, do-less [dōləs, dō^ələs, (-lɛs, -les)], adj., slow; inactive; wanting in energy and ability. Comm. dwolos, dwo-less [dwōləs, -les]: Fo. O.N. dáðlauss, adj., lacking in deeds (good capacity, energy of action; ability). See do, sb. “dø (du)-less” differs slightly from “do-less”; see dølos, dø-less, adj.

dolra-mist, sb., see dala-reek, sb.

dolsket [dȯ‘lskət] and dolsi [dȯ‘lsi], adj., foolish; half-witted. Nm^w. (Esh.). O.N. dœlskr, adj., foolish; silly. With dolsi cf. L.Sc. dulse, adj., dull; heavy.

dolt, sb., see dult, sb.

dom [dōm, dō^əm], sb., slight mist in fine, warm weather-, haze-, heat-haze, a misty d., a fine wadder-d. Burra. *þám (*dám-?). Icel. þám, n., dark, misty atmosphere in a thaw; Fær. tám, n., haze; No. taam, n., dimness of the atmosphere; drizzly covering of clouds. For the change þ > d in Shetl. Norn see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 36. Note, however, No. daame, m., with d, in sense of a veil of clouds; dimness of the atmosphere, from “daam”, adj., dark; dim.

doma [dōma], sb., prop. sensation, sense-impression, applied to taste or smell, only noted down in a phrase, belonging to fishermen’s tabu-language (sea-term): “der’r nae [‘no’] d. on de fish”, the fish will not bite, (really: the fish have neither taste nor smell). Also duma [dūma]. Fo. *dám-, *dǫ́m-. O.N. dámr, m., taste; No. daam, m., effect on the senses; taste; smell, etc.

domba, sb., see dumba, sb.

dombet, adj., see dumbet, adj.

domlaw, vb., see *dumlaw, dwmlaw, vb.

*domra¹, sb., fine which is paid for non-compliance with a judgement or for absence from court. Balfour: domera, domeral. In old Shetl. legal documents, legal ordinances, the word is found several times in the form dwmra (dumra). “…Quhilk [payment] is ordanit to be done within ane moneth ilk persoun under the paine of ane dwmra” (Anent payment of Syse herring. Court of Burray, etc. at Hous the XXV day of Junij 1604. Acts and Statutes). “Compeirit etc. and dwmlawit (submitted in judgement)… that thai and ewerie ane of thame sould cast and win ther peitis [‘peats’] yeirlie in time of yeir according to the ordinance set down in my Lordis precept direct theranent wnder the paine of ane dwmra” (Anent casting of peitis, etc. Court of Burray, etc. at Hous the XXV day of Junij 1604. Acts and Statutes). O.N. dómrof, n., failure to comply with a judgement.

domra² [dȯmra], sb., fog; dimness of the atmosphere; gathering of drizzly clouds, a d. o’ mist. Mⁿ. (not comm.). Deriv. of *dumm-, parallel form to “dimm-”; No. dumm, adj., = dimm (O.N. dimmr), adj., dim; obscure, inter alia, of the sky. r in domra may be original (cf. forms such as Ger. dämmern, Dämmerung, Da. dæmre, dæmring); note, however, No. dumla, vb., of the sky: to become dense and dark.

domsket [dȯ‘mskət], adj., dejected; silent; melancholy; Nm^w. (Esh.); occas. also dumsket [do‘mskət]. 2) gaping; struck dumb with astonishment; also domsi [dȯ‘msi]; Du. Deriv. of O.N. dumbr, adj., dumb; speechless (with paralysed senses); cf. Shetl. dummi, adj., hard of hearing. For the derivative ending cf.: a) No. dumsken, adj., hazy (R.), from “dumm” in sense of dim; dark; further, b) Shetl. dimsk-. — doms [dȯ‘ms], adj., out of sorts; peevish; sullen (Y^h.), is possibly a word different from domsket, domsi, arisen by shortening of the Eng. expr. (also used in Shetl.) “in the dumps”.

don¹ [dȯn], sb., prop. dust, used in the foll. senses: 1) adhesive meal-dust which, in grinding corn, settles on the edges of the millstones; it is used e.g. in the preparing of “sooens” (L.Sc. sowans), pottage made of “sowans” mixed with meal; comm.; more rarely dun [dun], de d. o’ de meal (Conn.). 2) misty covering of clouds; haze in warm weather; der’r a het [‘hot’] don ower de land; Nm^w. Along with this, doni [dȯni], adj., of weather: hazy, misty and warm, d. wadder (Nm^w.). 3) a grain; trifle; particle, a don o’ meal, o’ sugar; no a don, not a grain; cf. dost, sb., in the same sense. Generally pronounced diff. from dun [dūn, dun], sb., bird’s down. — Cf. a) No. “dun” in “dunjord, dunmold”, f., a sort of loose, light earth; b) No. dunk, m., a quantity of refuse of hay, straw, etc.

don² [dȯn], sb., boom; din, of wind, esp.: a) gust of wind; sudden squall, a d. o’ wind (Uⁿ.); b) a whistling sound of the wind in the roof-opening, somewhat stronger than dod; Conn. *dun- or *dyn-. O.N. duna, f., and dynr, m., boom; noise; No. dun, dune and dyn, m.; Fær. dun, n., and duni, m. The form din [dɩn], boom, may have arisen from *dyn-, but is rather to be regarded as Eng. din, sb.

don [dȯn], vb., to boom; din; make a noise; to crash; of wind: to come with a gust or with a sough. Also din [dɩn], = Eng. din, vb. O.N. duna and dynja, vb., to boom; crash. See don², sb.

donder, sb. and vb., see dunder.

donek [donək (dɔnək)], sb., a swampy hole; puddle. Du. Prob. to be classed with dien, dine-, sb., with dropped i-mutation; see further dien.

doner [dȯnər], sb., a fierce blazing fire, a d. o’ a fire. N.I. O.N. duni, m., fire (poet.; Eg.).

dongel, sb., see dungel.

dongjin [dȯndᶎɩn, dȯndᶎən], sb., a heap; pile, e.g. a d. o’ hay. De^w. (M.Roe). *dungi-nn or *dyngja-n (def. form)? No. dunge, Fær. dungi, m.; O.N. dyngja, f., a heap. For -gji [dᶎɩ], instead of the more common -gi [gi], in the ending of Shetland words, cf. e.g. belgjin, sb., and knoggji, sb.

*donna, sb., see *dønna, *dønni, sb.

doon-dragg, -droggin, sb., see dragg (drogg), sb.

doonfa’-klokk [dunfā·klɔk··], sb., a large species of beetle, klokk, of bluish colour, with small wings, which enable it to fly a short distance, and then it falls down; it is found in the out-fields, esp. in boggy or peaty soil. Conn. Doubtless an old *niðrfalls-klokka or klukka, where the first part of the compd. (O.N. niðrfall, n., downfall) has been translated into Eng. (L.Sc.).

doon-lay [dun·lē··], sb., heavy snowfall, a d.-l. o’ snaw. Doubtless a translation of an old (O.N.) niðrlag, n., or *niðrlaga, f.; cf. No. nedlag and nedloga, prop. a laying down. — doon-layer [dun·lē··ər] and doon-lie [dun·läi··] are reported in sense of a thick coat of snow on the ground, lying for some time, a d. o’ snaw (Sa.).

doon-lie [dun·läi··], sb., 1) prop. couch; resting-place. 2) settled fair weather, a d.-l. o’ wadder [‘weather’]; he’s just been a d.-l. de hale ook [‘whole week’]. Uⁿ. An anglicising of an old *niðrlaga or -lega, “lying down”. Cf. lega, sb., settled weather, and “lie doon”, under lie, vb. — Another doon-lie, sb., is given under doon-lay, sb.

doon-lop, -lup [dun·lop··], a heavy downpour of rain, a d.-l. o’ rain. From an old *niðr-hlaup, n., rushing down. Cf. vanlop, vandilop, sb.

doon-set [dun·sɛt··, -sæt··], sb., haunt, domicile, house with a small plot of ground attached. Cf. Fær. niðursetur, n., settlement, and niðurseta, f., of a tenant’s farm. L.Sc. down-seat, sb., acc. to Jam.: “settlement as to situation”.

doon-tak [-tak], sb., taunt; disparaging reference to or designation for a person, a d.-t. on a person. Fe. Anglicising of an older “*niðr-tak(a)” in sense of pulling down; disparagement; O.N. niðrtaka, f., pulling down.

doon-tøm [dun·tøm·], sb., heavy downpour of rain; a d.-t. o’ rain. Really emptying. See tøm, vb.

doors, sb. pl., entrance-door of a house. The word is anglicised, but the pl. form is a relic of the old language: O.N. dyrr, f. pl., door. The sing. form, Eng. door, is now, however, more commonly used. The old gen. form “dura-” is found in some compds.: dorafel (dorifel, dola- and dolibrod), durasuk (dora-, doro-), as well as dola-tree; q.v.

dor [dōr], sb., a drop; trifle, only noted down negatively, “no a d.”, in the phrase: der’r no a d. o’ blød [‘blood’] in his (her) face, there is no natural, fresh colour in his (her) face at all, he (she) has a very unhealthy or sickly appearance, prop.: there is not a drop of blood in his (her) face. Fe. Is doubtless O.N. tár, n., tear; for the Shetl. use of the word, cf. Sw. tår, m., a) tear; b) drop; small drops of fluid, Da. tår, c., id. For initial d for t in Shetl. Norn, see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 35.

dor [dor], pron.; pl. form, prop. the old dual-form of the second person, pers. pron., used in polite address to a single person: You (thou); Conn. (now rare); kwar’r dor gaun? where are you going? Fær. tygur, No. dykker, dokker, daar (O.N. ykkr, acc. and dat.). — From Fo. is reported an obs. gen. form dora [dō··rā·] with last vowel lengthened, in the phrase: til dora, to you (thee), esp. in the return greeting: Goden dag til d.! good day to you! as reply to a Goden dag! Cf. dor (you) and dora (your) in the Foula-ballad. Similar gen. forms are found in Fær.: tygara (in addressing a single person), in No.: dykkar, dokkor, etc., in East Norway occas. “daar, door” (see “de”, pron. pl. in Aa., R.).

dor [dōr], vb., 1) to deprive one of one’s senses (esp. the hearing), to paralyse; make deaf, a) in expletive expr. such as: De’il [‘devil’] d. dee! b) to bewilder a person by noise and shouting; de bairn dors me, dors me doon; in same sense Ork. dore, vb. (Jam.). 2) to shout something into one’s ear in order to get the person in question to remember it; to repeat something (an instruction) several times in a loud, emphatic manner (N.I.); he dord it intill [‘into’] him. — *dára, deriv. of the root “dá-”, denoting deadening of the senses; O.N. dá, n., catalepsy (No. daae, m., senseless state of mind; lethargy); dár, adj., that makes an overwhelming impression on a person. O.N. dára, vb., is handed down in the sense of: to mock, to make a fool of one (dári). Cf. the rare Eng. dorr (dor), vb., a) to make a fool of one; b) to deafen with noise.

*dora, pron., see under dor, pron.

dorabrod, sb., see dorafel, sb.

dorafel [dor··afel·, dɔr··a-] and dorifel [dor··ifel·, -fəl·, dɔr··i-], sb., really board of a door, but now only used metaph., a) in the phrase: gane i’ dorafels, dorifels, broken into pieces, loosened, of something consisting of boards joined together; b) of an object, old; fragile, on the point of falling to pieces, e.g. a auld [‘old’] d. o’ a kist, an old, extremely fragile chest, a auld d. o’ a bed, an old, rickety and poor bed. Besides dorafel, dorifel, are also found forms such as dorabrod [dɔr··abrɔd·] (Y^b.) and the more comm. dolabrod [dɔl··abrɔd·, dɔ̇l··a-] (Fe.; Y.); dolibrod [dol··i-, dɔl··ibrɔd·, -bråd·] is found in the phrase: gane i’ dolabrods, dolibrods (dorabrods). dolabrod and dalibrod [dal··ibråd·]: Yⁿ. In Y. (Yⁿ.) dolabrod is found also in the sense of a piece of broken timber. — dorafel, dorifel is an old *dura-fjǫl, f., board of a door; cf. fjel, sb. brod in dora-, dola-, dolibrod, is rather L.Sc. brod, sb., a board, than O.N. brot, n., a fragment; cf. the phrase: gane i’ klibberbrods (really side-boards of a pack-saddle, klibber) = gane i’ dorafels, etc. brod, from O.N. brot, is found, e.g. in pottabrod.

dorasuk, dorosuk, sb., see durasuk.

dord [dȯrd], sb., lump; a big, corpulent person, a d. o’ a chield. Du. Prob. the same word as darg, sb., and dorg (dork), sb.; q.v.

dordek [dȯrdək], sb., a portion of something; occas. ironically: yon [‘that’] is a d.; not comm. Prob. a form of dord, sb., enlarged by the suffix -ack, -ock; see prec. In the sense of a portion of food, the word might, however, originate from O.N. dagverðr, dǫgurðr, m., early dinner, corresponding as to time to Eng. breakfast; cf. with this, L.Sc. “dorder-meat”, sb., a piece of bread, bannock, given between dinner and supper, from O.N. *dǫgurðarmatr.

doren [dōrən] and dorin [dōrin], sb. and interj., as in: Ill d.! a) expressing impatience, anger, or thirst for revenge: to the devil, etc.; b) stop that noise! hold your tongue! In similar manner: Heavy d.! and Oh, d. dee! Also Ork. (doren). See dor, vb.

dorg [dȯrg], sb., a corpulent or stout, large-boned person, a d. o’ a fellow. Conn. Outside Conn. more comm.: dork [dɔ‘rk, dȯ‘rk]; a d. o’ a lass, a plump, somewhat clumsily-built young woman (N.Roe); a great d. o’ a man, o’ a bull (Du.), dork may also mean any thick, clumsy object whatsoever: a d. o’ a knife, o’ a needle; a d. o’ a piece (o’ meat), a thick, fat morsel; N.Roe. No. dorg, f., a heavy, slatternly woman, a good-for-nothing. — From Conn. is reported a form tork [tȯ‘rk] = dorg, with allusion to the word “Turk”.

dorifetels, dorrifetels [dɔr··ifæt·əls (dor··i-)], sb. pl., lazy lounging or huddling up; indisposition and fretfulness; only noted down in the phrase: “to lie (be) op i’ de d.” to lounge lazily or huddled up; to be indisposed and fretful. Sa. As the word morkifetel, sb., is used occas. in the sense of a damp, rotting or disorderly heap, occas. fig. of a confused or depressed state of mind; irresolution, a similar change may be thought to have taken place in the sense of dorifetel(s). The original meaning then might be a bundle flung down or rolled up carelessly; cf. No. durra, f., disorderly pile; entangled mass (dudra, durra, vb., to wrap up; to bundle. R.), and No. fetl, n., binding; winding round. Shetl. fetel, sb., carrying-band. fetel is L.Sc. (fettil, fettle 2 and 3. Jam.) when used of condition, frame of mind.

dorin [dōrin], sb., deafening or confused noise; shouting. See dor, vb.

dork, sb., see dorg, sb.

dorkable, adj., see dørkable.

dorl, dorrel, sb., see darl, darrel.

dorpelt [dȯ‘rpəld], adj., mottled; speckled, esp. of the sky: covered closely with small clouds, = driplet, adj. N.Roe occas. Must be a metathesis of *droplet = No. droplutt, adj., variegated; small-dotted (Sw. dial. dropplug, Icel. dropóttur, adj., spotted; speckled; variegated).

dorro [dår(r)o], sb., 1) a fishing-line, a special angling-line used in boat-fishing (esp. for mackerel and coalfish), kept in constant motion to and fro (up and down) while the boat is gently rowed forward, = O.N. dorg, f. comm. Sometimes also darro [dar(r)o]. In Ai. dorro is used of a fishing-line with many hooks. 2) wooden frame around which a fishing-line is wound, U. (Uⁿ.): dorro (darro). Cf. herewith No. dorg, f., in sense of fishing-tackle, a rod with hooks left hanging overnight (R.). — See støba-dorro, sb. — The form dorro, written “dorrow”, is not quite regularly developed from “dorg”, but is formed like Eng. words, such as “borough, borrow, morrow, sorrow”, corresponding to O.N. “borg, borga (vb.), morg(inn), sorg”. In Jam. the word is not found as L.Sc. Edm. has: “dorrow, to fish with a floating hand-line”.

dorro [dår(r)o], vb., to fish with an angling-line (esp. for coalfish and mackerel); see dorro, sb. comm. Occas. darro [dar(r)o]. Formed from the substantive and cannot be derived directly from O.N. dyrgja, vb., to fish with a trolling-line.

dorska [dɔ‘rska, då‘rska], sb., daring, foolhardy action; also doska [dåska]. Y., Fe. *dárska (lack of sense; delusion)? The word prob. arises from O.N. dára, vb., to deceive; delude, which again is derived from the root “dá” — see under dor, vb.; but the infl. of Eng. dare, vb., can also be traced.

dos [dȯs, dȯᶊ (dɔ̇s, dås)], sb., 1) small stack of corn, a d. o’ corn; partly = a thrave of corn, 24 sheaves of corn put together in a stack (Du.). S.Sh. (comm.). Also døs [døs]. Du. and Conn.: dȯs, dȯᶊ (Du^m.: dɔ̇s). Quarf: dȯᶊ and døs. Burra: dås. In Wh. is found a form, dossek [dȯᶊək] = dos. 2) a) a high, steep, detached rock (cf. stakk); b) height, summit of a rock. Rare in the senses given under 2. dos, on the border line between a common noun and a place-name, in “de Dos [dȯs] o’ de holm (de Door-holm)”, a name for the high, conical-shaped western end of the rocky holm “de Door-holm” (Esh., Nm^w.), serving as a landmark for fishermen by which to find a fishing-ground. — O.N. dys, f., a cairn; Sw. dial. dös, f., a cairn; stack of straw or hay; with deviating vowel-sound: N.Eng. dass, a stack, and L.Sc. dass, a d. o’ corn, a heap of corn. In No. is found “dos”, f., = “stakk” in sense of skirt (doubtless also stack; pile; heap; cf. dosa, vb., in R.). Shetl. “dȯs (dɔ̇s), dȯᶊ” may spring either from “dys” or *dos; døs points back to “dys”; dås, on the other hand, points to *dos. The word skrivlin, skrøvlin has superseded dos in the N.I. Cf. des, sb.

dos [dȯs, dȯᶊ (dås)], vb., to stack up reaped corn in small stacks (doses), to d. de corn. S.Sh. Occas. also døs [døs]. Du. and Conn.: dȯs, dȯᶊ. Quarf: dȯᶊ and døs. Burra: dås. *dysja or *dosa. O.N. dysja, vb., to raise a cairn; No. dosa, vb., to fling together into a heap (doubtless, to make into a stack. R.). In the N.I. is used the expr. “to skrivel (skrøvel) de corn”.

dosk, doska, dosker, sb., see duska, sb.

doss [dȯᶊ), sb., a sudden shake; a fall with a flop; a splash; he fell i’ de gutter (in the mire, the morass) wi’ a d. Sa., etc. No. dyss (duss), m., a shake.

doss [dȯᶊ], vb., to fall with a flop or splash. Sa., etc. No. dyssa, vb., to shake, jerk. See doss, sb.

dost [dȯst], sb., a grain; particle; trifle; no a d., not a grain. No. dust, f., a) dust; b) particle; trifle (inkje dust, not a particle). O.N. dust n., dust. In the usual sense of dust, Shetl. dost may spring from O.N. dust, but, in that case, it has merged into Eng. dust, sb.

doster, sb., see duster.

dott, vb., see doit, vb.

dotter, dutter [dotər], sb., daughter. This form with a short, closed o, originating from O.N. dóttir, f., daughter, is now found only here and there as the last part of a compd. in women’s surnames, thus: James’-dotter, John’s-dotter (Y.). The usual Shetl. word, Eng. “daughter”, differs from this in being pronounced (with a long å) “dååtər”.

dov [dōv], vb., to become drowsy or sleepy, to slumber, fall asleep, to d. ower; he dovd ower to sleep. S.Sh. (Conn.; Sandw.). *dofa, vb., from the root *dof, in sense of weariness; drowsiness; cf. O.N. dofi, m., indolence; slackness; No. dova, vb., to abate; calm. Cf. dover, vb. — dov, mentioned under dev, vb., differs from the dov treated here.

doven [dōvən] and dovin [dōvɩn], adj., slack; feeble; numb; my hands (feet) is d., my hands (feet) are numb with cold. O.N. dofinn, adj., slack, dull, feeble, numb and insensible.

doven [dōvən], vb., to become slack and feeble, numb and insensible. More comm.: dofen; q.v. (d. 1). O.N. dofna, vb., to become dull, slack, feeble or insensible.

dover [dōvər], sb., a doze; a light slumber. See dover, vb.

dover [dōvər], vb., to be or become drowsy or sleepy (Uⁿ.); to doze; I just doverd, I slept quite lightly (Sa.); to d. ower = to dov ower, to fall into a light sleep; he doverd ower (Sa.); to sleep badly; to doze (U^s.); to make limp or sleepy movements; metaph., e.g. in the expr.: de word was doverin afore him, afore his mooth [‘mouth’], he could not speak distinctly, either for sleepiness or weakness (U^s.). The word is found in L.Sc.: dover, vb., to slumber lightly; but the Shetl. dover has a wider use and is prob. of Norse origin. Cf. No. daaver, n., sickly drowsiness; attack of faintness and giddiness, and No. davra, vb., to be weakened. — daver [dāvər], vb., is used syn. with dover, but daver is prob. L.Sc. “dauer (daiver)”, to become or to be stupid, benumbed, dull, which in Shetl. has merged into dover. daver, however, is found in a single sense, orig. from Norn (No. davra), and diff. from L.Sc.; see daver, vb.

dovin [dōvin], sb., deafening, confused noise. N. dovin is formed by the suffix -an or -ing together with a deriv. of the verb *daufa, *dauva, to deafen, formed directly on daufr, in place of *døyfa with imutation. See dev, vb., and dov, vb., mentioned thereunder.

drabb [drab], sb., drizzle; drizzly weather. Fo. Doubtless to be classed with No. drabba, vb., to overflow the bank; Fær. drabb, n., somewhat rough sea; sea-spray; small waves near the shore. Further, Shetl. drabb also approaches the Celt. “drab-”, dirt; mud (Gael. drabach, adj., dirty). drabb, of a slatternly, disorderly person (esp. a woman) who soils and spills things (Fe., Papa), on the other hand, is most prob. Eng. drab, sb., in the sense of a slattern; L.Sc. “dirty drab”.

drabbi, drabb-y [drab(b)i], adj., drizzly; rainy, d. wadder [‘weather’], a d. mornin. Fo. Deriv. of drabb, sb.

†?drabelli [drā·bæl·i], sb., one of the openings between the keelson and the knee-timbers in a boat (to secure the running off of the water). Also draberri [drā·bær·i]: Fe.; Uⁿ. The word is generally used in the pl.: drabellis (-berris). Cf. roshols.

dradska [draᶁᶊka], sb., slowness; tardiness; slow and dragging gait. Y., Fe. *drattska. O.N. dratta, vb., to move with a heavy, slow gait. Cf. drats, vb.

dradsket [draᶁᶊkət], adj., slow; dragging, applied to movement, gait. Y.; Fe. *drattskóttr. See dradska, sb.

draf, sb., see under dravin, adj.

drafs [drafs], sb., a person who walks slowly and carelessly. Uⁿ. See drafs, vb.

drafs [drafs], vb., to walk slowly and carelessly. Uⁿ. Somewhat diff. from No. and Sw. dial. drafsa, vb., to squander; waste, but approaches No. dramsa, vb., to draggle; spill, etc. Cf. drags and drats, vb.

drafset [drafsət], adj., slow; careless; dragging, applied to gait. Uⁿ. Deriv. of drafs, vb.

drag [drag, drāg], sb., dragging; pulling; esp. in the foll. phrases.: I) with a short a-sound [drag]: 1) dragging; helping hand; grip, in hauling a boat up or down, sometimes also when rowing; gi’e us a d. [drag] wi’ dee, boy! give a hand, my boy! (N.); cf. rogg, sb. 2) heavy, downward-dragging weight; der’r a heavy d. [drag] on the line, there is a heavy weight of fish on the line (Uⁿ.). II) with a long a-sound [drāg]: 1) a) the quantity of milk taken from a cow at each milking, a d. [drāg] o’ milk, a d. ut o’ de coo (N.I.); to tak’ a d. ut o’ de coo, to milk the cow at an irregular time (Uⁿ.); b) a draught of milk, a sip of milk (U.). 2) a) current', draught of the tide, a d. [drāg] o’ tide; gi’e [‘give’] de line plenty o’ skob (scope) for de d. o’ de tide (U.); b) backwash; the wash of waves upon the shore and the receding of the water, de d. [drāg] o’ de sea (U.). 3) heavy downpour of rain; he is gaun [‘going’] to be a d. [drāg], we are going to have a downpour (U^mo.). dragg (q.v.), of dense, fine rain, differs from the above. — O.N. drag, n., dragging, pulling, etc.; for the use of the word in connection with milking, see under draw, vb. — In some of the old meanings of the word, only the anglicised forms “draw” and “draught”, q.v., are now used in Shetl.

drag¹ [drāg], vb., to draw; to pull (slowly), to move slowly, pronounced with a long a, different from Eng. “drag”. drāg is now only used in certain phrases, as: de mill is dragin [drāgɩn] and grindin [grɩndɩn], the mill is grinding quite slowly (prop. drawing and grinding). O.N. draga, vb., to drag; pull. drog, vb. (q.v.), is developed from “draga”, likewise as drag, but used some what diff. from this word, “draw” is found anglicised in a few instances, deviating from Eng. and originating in meanings and applications from O.N.; see draw, vb.

†drag² [dräg], vb., in the phrase “d. op”, to educate; rear; “I was no [‘not’] draget [drägət] op in Bressay”. For perf. part. “draget op”, is also used “opdraget” [ɔp·dräg·ət]. — Da. opdrage, vb., id. Eng. dial. “drag up” is used disparagingly: to bring up children badly or without care.

dragel(s) [drāgəl(s)], drachwel(s) [draχwəl(s)] and drawel(s) [drāwəl(s)], sb., the end of a boat’s keel where it curves upwards to the stem, = No. draghals. *drag-hals. The word in Shetl. now, however, esp. denotes the fore-part or after-part of a false keel (keel-draught), strap on a boat’s keel, fore- and aft-d. dragel(s): Uⁿ., drachwel(s): Wests. (Sa., Ai.), drawel(s): comm. The forms ending in -el, -wel have arisen from words in -els, -wels, the s has been mistaken for the pl. sign and thus freq. dropped in the sing. See “draught”, sb.

drager [drāgər], sb., one of the runners over which a boat is dragged, tabu-word, used by fishermen for the common linn. Uⁿ. *dragari (object by means of which or over which something is dragged). See linn and draglinn, sb.

dragg [drag(g)], drägg [dräg(g)] and drogg [drȯg(g)], sb., 1) close, fine rain, a d. o’ weet [‘wet’]. N.I. (dragg, drägg, drogg). Wests. (drogg). 2) in the compds. “doon [‘down’] -dragg” and “doon-droggin [drȯggɩn]”: heavy rain, downpour, esp. in a calm (in contrast to tømeld, sb.). De^w. (M.Roe): doon-dragg. Sa: doon-droggin. — May be O.N. dregg, f., Icel. dregg and dreggjar (pl.), Eng. dregs (pl.); cf. L.Sc. dreg, sb., a drop, a very small quantity of liquid. See drogget and droggisom, adjs. — In Foula an extended form, droggeri [drȯg··əri·], is found as an intensive of drogg: a mornin’ o’ “droggeri”, an unpleasant, rainy morning. — dragl [dragəl] and dregl [drɛgəl], “a d. o’ weet”, syn. in meaning with dragg, etc., are, however, prob. Eng. dial. (and L.Sc.) draggle, draigle, sb., mire; drenching; wet, muddy condition; in written Eng.: draggle, vb.

draglinn [drag·lɩn·], sb., one of the runners (linns) over which a boat is dragged. Uⁿ. *drag-hlunnr. See linn, sb.

drags [drags], vb., to have one’s clothes trailing along, applied to a slatternly person, esp. a woman; to geng dragsin; also to walk slowly, as if dragging oneself along. Y., Fe. O.N. dragsa, vb., to trail, drag or carry something heavy.

dragsa [dragsa], sb., a slatternly, negligent woman, who trails her dress along, a draggletail; a “skowret” d. [L.Sc. scowry, adj., = scurvy, shabby]. Y., Fe. *dragsa, f. See drags, vb.

dragset [dragsət], adj., slatternly, having trailing garments while walking, esp. of a woman; dragset-like. Y., Fe. From *drags-; see drags, vb., and dragsa, sb.

dral [drāl], vb., to walk as if dragging oneself along; to idle about; saunter, to geng dralin; a dralin body Y. (Y^h.). No. drala, vb., id. In the sense of to speak, with slow utterance, dral, however, is Eng. drawl, vb.

drall [(draᶅ) dräᶅ], sb., splinter-bars or swingle-trees, belonging to a plough; collect. Conn. Really something dangling; see drall, vb. Cf. drill, sb.

drall [draᶅ, dräᶅ], vb., to dangle; idle about, to geng drallin aboot. Conn. Du. (Sandw.). No. dralla, vb., to saunter (behind); trip; Icel. dralla, vb., to lag behind. Cf. drill¹, vb.

draller [draᶅər, dräᶅər], sb., in a water-mill: a wooden block, one end of which rests on the upper millstone and is fastened by a string to the “shoe”: a wooden trough, through which the corn from the deep, funnel-shaped box, “de hopper”, runs down to the eye of the millstone. Yⁿ. “de draller” is set in motion by the turning of the millstone, and, by its continual striking against “the shoe”, ensures the steady descent of the corn. Hence the name, draller; really, the dangling, swinging one. draller is to be formally classed with drall, vb., and is a deriv. of the latter. Otherwise drall-, in this case, might poss. stand for an orig. *darl-; cf. No. darla, vb., to move; dangle, Fær. darla, vb., to hang dangling, with which draller, acc. to the usage of the word, agrees fairly well.

drallet [draⁱᶅət, dräᶅət], adj., slovenly, negligent of appearance, esp. about the legs; he is very d.-like aboot de legs. Fe. Deriv. of drall, vb.

drals [dra‘ls], vb., to walk slowly and carelessly, as if dragging oneself, to geng dralsin. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). Either a) derived from dral, vb. (q.v.), and, in that case, parallel to drats from *dratt-, or b) by metathesis from a form *drasl, and, in that case, = No. and Sw. dial. drasla, drassla, vb., to trail; drag, Icel. drasla, vb., to rush heedlessly (and hastily) along. Cf. drels, vb.

dralset [dra‘lsət] and more comm. dralsket [dra‘lskət, dräᶅᶊkət], adj., that moves slowly and lazily. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). Deriv. of drals, vb. For the form dralsket, cf. dradsket, adj., from *dratt-. See drels(k)et and drolsket, adjs.

dramm [dram (dräm)], sb., tuft of wool, small piece of cloth or string, tied as a mark through a hole, made in horses’ and sheep’s ears. As a mark on a horse, a dramm is attached also to the mane or to the tail (Sa.). More rarely dremm [dræm]. Really tied mark? Is prob. the same word as Icel. drambr, m., stub; piece of knotty wool, etc. (E.J.).

dramm [dram], vb., to tie a mark, dramm, on a horse or on a sheep, to d. a horse, a sheep (a lug). Sa.

drang [draŋ], vb., to tie firmly, draw a knot firmly together, to d. tø [‘to’]. Sa.; Du. occas. A form with dropped i-mutation. O.N. drengja, vb., to tie (firmly); Icel. drengja, vb., to draw together; tie firmly. See dreng, vb., and drung, vb.

drasj, drass, sb., see drosj, sb.

dratl, drattel [draⁱtəl, dräƫəl, dräitəl], sb., a slow person who comes lagging behind. U. See dratl, vb.

dratl, drattel [draⁱtəl, dräƫəl], vb., to walk slowly and heavily, to come lagging behind, to geng (come) dratlin; a dratlin body. U. Also draitel [dräitəl] (Uⁿ.). No. and Fær. dratla, vb., id.; deriv. of O.N. dratta, vb., to walk heavily and slowly.

drats [drats], vb., to move heavily and slowly, to shuffle along, to geng dratsin; to come drogin and dratsin (U.), to come lagging behind. Deriv. of O.N. dratta, vb., to move with a heavy, slow gait. L.Sc. dratch, vb., to linger.

dratset [dratsət], adj., 1) that walks heavily and slowly. 2) clumsy; careless. 3) negligent in dress, with sagging clothes; also with untidy shoes or boots. 4) of shabby, unattractive appearance. Deriv. of drats, vb.

dratsi [dratsi], sb., one who walks heavily and slowly. As a tabu-name (sea-term), used by fishermen, the word esp. denotes otter, prob. from the way in which the otter drags its tail when going over the ground. Cf. Icel. dratthali, m., as a nickname for the fox, also Shetl. drillaskøvi and dafi, other tabu-names for the otter with a similar root-meaning. — dratsi: deriv. of drats, vb.

draught [drāχt], sb., false keel, strap on the keel of a boat, keel-d., = O.N. drag, n. Anglicised form. See dragel(s), sb.

drav [drāv], sb., 1) drift, esp. sea-weed floating on the surface of the water; Fe. Opposite to grav (substances under the surface of the water; Fe.). 2) shoal of young fish, esp. young herring; Nm^w. (Esh.). — O.N. draf, n., refuse; particles; dust. — See dravin, adj.

dravin [drāvɩn, drāvən], adj., decomposed, in a state of decomposition, 1) of meat, esp. fish: half-rotten; sour; d. fish; U., d. milk, turned milk (see Introd. IV, § 21). Also travi(n). 2) drenched, d. weet [‘wet’]; de claes [‘clothes’] is d.; Uⁿ. 3) fig.: out of sorts; indolent; indisposed; in a tiresome, peevish mood; du’s uncon [‘very’] d. de day [‘to-day’]; N.Roe. *drafinn, adj., deriv. of “draf” in the sense of decomposed mass; O.N. draf, n., refuse, and drafna, vb., to be dissolved into small parts. (Icel. drafna, inter alia: to become rotten); Fær. dravin, adj., moist, and “drav-vátur”, drenched; No. drav-, intensive prefix in adjectives, denoting decomposed state, etc.: dravroten, putrid. With dravin 2 cf. the phrase “as weet [‘wet’] as draf [draf].” draf, sb., grains; draff, has arisen from O.N. draf, n., but has assimilated to Eng. draff, sb.

draw [drâ], used in some meanings, diff. from Eng. “draw”, orig. from an older (O.N.) drag; thus: 1) esp. in fishermen’s tabu-language at sea: halyard, = No. drag, n. (d. 9 in Aa.). 2) a place on the shore over which a boat is drawn from and to the boat-shed, = No. drag, n. (d. 6 in Aa.); hwar [‘where’] is dy [‘your’] boat’s d.? (U.). Cf. drag, sb., and “draught”, sb.

draw [drâ], vb., both = Eng. “to draw” and “to pull”; used in several phrases, handed down from Norn and from O.N. (draga), freq. deviating from Eng. — 1) vb. a.: to d. corn, to draw some sheaves out of a stack of corn; to d. fish, to catch fish with a hand-line, O.N. draga fisk; to d. de milk (ut) o’ de coo (U.), to milk the cow (esp. of milking at an irregular time; see drag, sb. II 1 a), also “to d. de coo”; cf. Sw. dial. dra koa, to milk the cow; — to d. de (ane’s) and, end, see and, end, sb.; to d. ane’s drøri, to make one’s blood flow. 2) vb. n., of a current: to move, run in a certain direction; de tide is drawin’ in de firt’, the tide is running up the firth (Nm^w.); cf. O.N. draga in the sense of to move in a certain direction (d. 18. Fr.) and Shetl. drag, sb. II 2 a, current, under-draw, sb., undercurrent. — 3) With preps. and advs.: d. at, in the phrase “he is drawin’ at de dekk”, the end of the fishing-line has chanced to stick fast to the sea-bottom (Uⁿ.), tabu-term at sea in boat-fishing, doubtless (as the thought is often veiled or expressed approximately in such tabu-phrases): the line is approaching the sea-bottom; O.N. draga(sk) at, to approach. — d. doon [‘down’]: a) to pull the teats of a cow repeatedly before milking; b) he is drawin’ him doon to night, the night is coming down. — d. f(r)ae [‘from’], a) to draw up the long-line a little from the sea-bottom (Y^h.), Icel. draga frá; b) in sailing or rowing a boat: to bear from, to run clear of the breaking waves. — d. on, to put on an article of clothing, esp. a new or rarely used garment; to d. on a new bad; see “drawin”, sb., and “on-draw”, sb. — d. op (op to): a) to d. anesell [‘oneself’] op, to approach, he drew him [‘himself’] op to de hoose (Y^h.); b) of time: he draws (is drawin’) him op to twall [‘twelve’], noon, twelve o’ clock, is drawing near, he draws him op to jøl, Christmas is drawing near; cf. O.N. draga(sk) at, to draw near, approach, impers.: draga at, to get near to a certain time (Fr.). — d. ower: a) to “d. ower” de tows, to overhaul the ropes; b) to d. anesell [‘oneself’] ower, to begin courting (Y^h.); he drew him ower to so and so (sicc and sicc a lass; sicc = ‘such’). — d. to [tø̄], to steer the boat up into the wind, on a change of wind. — d. upo, to draw out, make long-drawn; to d. upo de words, to drawl, to speak very slowly, No. draga paa maalet. — d. ut: a) to take fish out of brine, to wash and prepare it; b) impers.: to d. ut upo(n) ane, to excite a kind of preternatural anxiety in one; hit [‘it’] began to d. ut upo me, I began to be anxious. — Besides the anglicised form “draw”, are found the Norn forms drag [drāg] and drog [drōg], vb. (q.v.), but with a more limited application.

drawel(s), sb., see dragel(s), sb.

drawin [drâɩn], sb., a garment, worn only on certain occasions, = “on-draw”, sb. Y^h.

draw-sten [drâ··sten·], sb., 1) a round, disk-shaped grindstone turning in a box made for the purpose, and used esp. for sharpening scythes (Du.); is the same word as Sw. dial. dra(g)sten, a grindstone on an axle with a handle (Ri.). 2) pl., “draw-stens”, stones forming the outer edges of the gable of a house, = “wind-skew¹”; de draw-stens o’ de gavle [‘gable’] (Fo.).

dredl, dredel [drēdəl, drē^ədəl], vb., 1) to walk with something trailing behind, draggle, to d. de petticoat (Wh.). 2) to hang low, and trailing, of a garment; yon coat o’ dine is dredlin ower de grund (Wh.). 3) to vibrate; tremble, used of a slurred sound, e.g. on a fiddle; a dredlin soond [‘sound’]; Wh. — In Fe. is used; a) dred(e)l; b) dridl, dridel [drɩdəl], and c) drotl, drotel [drȯtəl] in the senses 2 and 3, set forth above. — dred(ə)l, dridl, drotl are parallel forms to dratl, drattel, vb.; q.v. In No., dratla, vb., may occas. denote a sound: to rattle; to roll, of small, falling objects. Cf. dritl, vb., of which dridl is really another form with a somewhat deviating meaning.

dredlet [drē^ədlət], adj., that trails something, e.g. garments, behind while walking, a d. human. Wh. Deriv. of dred(e)l, vb.

drefl, drefel, vb., see drevl, vb.

dreg [dreg, drɛg], vb., to troll with a fishing-tine, to keep the line in constant motion up and down, to and fro (see dorro, sb. and vb.), esp. when catching coal-fish, to d. for sed, to troll for coalfish. Du. dreginsnød, sb., of a hand-line and trolling-line (dorro): a small line, snød (Du.), hanging from the sinker. dreg may be a parallel form to drag, drog, “draw”; cf. O.N. drega, vb., = draga, to draw; but the word might also be explained as standing for *drøg from an older *dørg, O.N. dyrgja, vb., to troll.

dregl, sb., see dragg, sb.

dregl, vb., see drigl, vb.

drel [drəl], vb., to have a waving motion, as strips of gossamer (movement in cobweb): de tidbou(s) is drelin (see tidbou, sb.). Fe. Cf. Sw. dial. drejla, vb., of air, heated by the sun: to vibrate; shimmer. Cf. re¹ and ril¹, sbs.

drels [drə‘ls, drə‘lᶊ], vb., to walk slowly, draggingly and feebly, to geng drelsin. Nm^s. [drə‘ls]. Fe. [drə‘lᶊ]. The vowel-sound ə is here normalised to e in regard to the adj., drelsket, which occas. is pronounced “dræ‘ᶅᶊkət”. — Parallel form to drals, vb.? May also stand for “*dresl” or “*drisl” by metathesis of s and l; cf. Icel. drösla, vb., to walk slowly in a dragging manner, Sw. dial. drösla, vb., to be slow and slatternly, Fær. drísla (drýsla), vb., to be dilatory or slow.

drelset [drə‘lsət, drə‘ᶅᶊət], adj., slow and dragging, that drags itself slowly and feebly along, a d. body. Nm^s. [drə‘lsət]. Fe. [drə‘ᶅᶊət]. Deriv. of drels, vb. (?)Cf. Fær. dríslutur (drýslutur), adj., dilatory; slow.

drelsket [drə‘ᶅᶊkət, dræ‘ᶅᶊkət], adj., = drelset. Fe. See drels, vb., for the suffix cf. dralsket and drolsket, adjs.

dremm, sb., see dramm, sb.

dreng [dræŋ] and dring [dreŋ, drɩŋ], vb., 1) to draw tight, e.g. a knot, to d., and “d. at”; dis [‘this’] knot is drengd (dringd) at ower [‘too’] hard (U.); see drang, vb. 2) to strangle, to dring (U.?, acc. to Edm.). 3) to make it up after a quarrel or disagreement, to dring at; U.; the word has arisen from the root-meaning “to tie”. 4) to recover from sickness, to d. at, d. till (tø); he’s dringin (Fe.), drengin, dringin at (U.), dringin at or till (Y.) again. — O.N. (and Mod. Icel.) drengja, vb., to tie (tight, firmly), to draw together. In meaning 4 of the Shetl. word, “drengja” and “dragna” seem to mingle; Fær. dragna, vb., to begin to recover (after a severe illness), No. dragna, vb., to recover (R. suppl.). For a change -gn > -ng, -nk in Shetl. Norn see honk, lunk², ronk, vbs.

*drengen, *drenger, sb., see drengi.

drengi [dreŋgi], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s language for halibut. Uⁿ. Prob. O.N. drengr, m., man; unmarried man, also a cudgel, in No. occas. applied to fish, e.g. aaldreng, m., a thick, heavy eel (R. and Fr.). — An obs. Shetl. form drengen (U.?) is given by Edm. in the sense of a man, a lad. The word is found in same sense in the obs. compd. ungadrenger (A.L. in Proc.) or ungadrengen (Edm.), really a young, unmarried man, O.N. drengr. drengen is the old def. form in accusative: O.N. drenginn; in drenger the old nom. sign r is preserved. The word is proved to be O.N. drengr, m., as Fær. drongur, m., an unmarried man, is also found in fishermen’s language as a kind of tabu-name for halibut (Kirkebø).

drentel, sb., see drintel.

drep(e)l, sb., see dripl, dripel.

dretl, dretel [drətəl], vb., = dratl and dritl, vb.; q.v. U. occas., Du.

drets, vb., see drits.

drev [drē^əv], sb., in fastdrev; see fastdrog, sb.

drevl, drevel [drævəl], vb., to walk badly and heedlessly, to geng drevlin; De^w. drefl, drefel [dræfəl] is reported from N.Roe in sense of to drag, slouch, to walk in a dragging manner, of a slovenly person; to geng dreflin. — *drefla. Sw. dial. drevla, vb., to idle; to dawdle; No. dravla, vb., to work slowly and carelessly, also “drivla”, vb., to idle; to saunter; dawdle. — Cf. drivl, vb.

drevlet [drævlət], adj., careless in one’s gait, a d. body. De^w. Deriv. of drevl, vb.

†dribbins [drɩb(b)ins], sb. pl. thrashing; drubbing. Poss. to be classed with No. dribb, m., a push; a blow, but might also be a Shetl. form of Eng. “drubbing”.

dridl, driddel, vb., see dredl, vb., and dritl, vb.

drift [drɩft], sb., drift; speed, may be partly O.N. drift, dript, f., partly Eng. drift, sb. See the compounds flogadrift, murdrift, sb.

drigl, drigel (dregl, dregel) [drɩgəl, dregəl], vb., to shuffle along; to move slowly and indolently; to geng driglin (dreglin). No. drigla, vb., to drag oneself along. — The Shetl. word is also rather freq. used in the sense of to walk through mud and mire with sagging clothes, and is then most prob. Eng. draggle, dial. draigle, vb. Perf. part. drigeld (dregeld), = Eng. draggled (draigled).

*drikk, sb., see *dikk.

drill [drɩᶅ], sb., = drall: splinter-bars or swingle-trees, belonging to a plough. Conn. See drill¹, vb.

drill¹ [drɩᶅ, drəl], vb., to lag behind, dragging in one’s gait, to com’ drillin behint: U. and Conn. [drɩᶅ]; to move indolently, dully; to work without will or energy, to geng drillin aboot de wark [‘work’]: Du. [drəl]. Parallel form to drall, vb.; q.v. Cf. No. and Sw. dial. drila, Icel. dríla, vb., to walk heavily and indolently; to loiter. — An obs. Norn-form, pres. part., ending in -andi: *drillandi [drɩᶅ··andɩ·], dangling; dropping (behind), is preserved in an old riddle from Unst, about the cow: en comes atte drillandi, one comes dangling behind (the cow’s tail). Cf. the use of the verb “dralla”, regarding the cow’s tail, in Gest the Blind’s riddle about the cow (in Hervarar Saga). — Cf. drøl, vb.

drill² [drɩl], vb., to upset; knock over, to d. onyting [‘anything’ = something] ower; Du. Cf. Sw. dial. drilla, vb., to twist; turn, H.G. drillen, vb., to turn.

drillaskøvi [drɩᶅ··askø·vi], sb., sea-term, tabu-name in fishermen’s lang. for the otter U^wg. Really “the one that drags its tail” (de skøvi); see drill¹, vb. Cf. dratsi, sb., as a tabu-name for the otter, and Icel. dratthali, m., a nickname for the fox, with the same root-meaning as drillaskøvi.

dring, vb., see dreng, vb.

drinj [drɩᶇ], sb., sea-term, tabu-name for the cat; also “drinj-tail.” Y^h. “dring [drɩŋ]-tail” is now the more comm. form. — drinj is most prob. an orig. *drynj- from *drynja in sense of to walk slowly and draggingly; “drinj-tail,” thus = one that drags its tail. Cf. Sw. dial. dryna, vb., to be slow and sluggish; to idle; loiter, and cf. Shetl. drillaskøvi (“drag-tail”), as well as dratsi as tabu-names for otter, and Icel. dratthali (“drag-tail”) as a nickname for the fox. dring is L.Sc. dring, vb., to be slow.

drintel¹ [drɩ’ntəl], sb., in building a wall or fence: a projecting cross-stone the end of which has to be broken off. Conn. May represent an older *trintel, prop. denoting a pole. Cf. Shetl. trintlet, trentlet, adj., long and thin, also No. trandle, m., a cleft log (for laying a floor or pavement), Sw. dial. trinna, trenta, f., a pole; hedge-stake (O.N. trana, f., in “tjalds-trana”, a tent-pole, and O.N. trjóna, f., a) a snout; b) a pole; No. trunt, m., and trynt, n., a snout-shaped, projecting object).

drintel² [drɩ‘ntəl, dre‘ntəl, drə‘ntəl, dr^eɩ‘ᶇtəl], sb., 1) a person with baggy clothes, flapping about him; Fo. [dre‘ntəl]. 2) a slow, slouching person; Du. [drɩ‘ntəl, drə‘ntəl]; Y^h. [dr^eɩ‘ᶇtəl]. 3) a person fiddling about without really doing anything, and 4) a weakling; sickly wretch; N.I. [drɩ‘ntəl, dr^eɩ‘ntəl: Fe. dr^eɩ‘ᶇtəl: Y^h.]; N.Roe [dre‘ntəl, drə‘ntəl]. 5) an insignificant person; Nm. [drɩ‘ntəl, dre‘ntəl]. 6) a miserable, ragged person; N.Roe [dre‘ntəl, drə‘ntəl]. 7) a poor, worthless article; N.Roe [dre‘ntəl, drə‘ntəl]. — *dryntl or*dryntill? This must be associated partly with No. drunta, drynta, vb., = dranta, to idle; dawdle; loiter, Sw. dial. drunta, Da. dial. drunte, drynte, dronte; partly with Sw. dial. drunt, m., a) dirt, mud; b) a coarse, slovenly person. Is doubtless more than one word. Cf. trintel, sb.

drintel [drɩ‘ntəl, dre‘ntəl, drə‘ntəl, dr^eɩ‘ᶇtəl], vb., 1) to wear baggy clothes, flapping about one, to geng drintlin; Fo. [dre‘ntəl]. 2) to walk slowly and loiteringly, to slouch, to d. or geng drintlin aboot; Du. [drɩ‘ntəl, drə‘ntəl]; Y^h. [dr^eɩ‘ᶇtəl]. 3) to potter about without really doing anything; Y^h. [dr^eɩ‘ᶇtəl]. With hardening of initial d to t through infl. of the t foll.: trintel [tr^eɩ‘ntəl, tr^eɩ‘ᶇtəl] (Fe., Y^h. occas.) = drintel 2 and 3. — Prob.: *dryntla from *drunta, *drynta, to dawdle; loiter; see the sb. drintel². Cf. trintel, vb.

drintelskiti [drɩ‘n··təlskit·i], sb., 1) dirt which remains in woollen yarn or clothes after washing. 2) diarrhœa; also drintelskiter [drɩ‘n··təlsᶄɩt·ər]. Conn. With the first part of the compd. cf. Sw. dial. drunt, m., dirt; filth, and Eng. dial. drent (drint), sb., spot in badly washed linen. The second part is O.N. skítr, m., dirt; excrement.

drintlet [drɩ‘ntlət, dre‘ntlət, drə‘ntlət, dr^eɩ‘ᶇtlət], adj., 1) wearing baggy clothes flapping about one’s body; Fo. [dre‘ntlət]. 2) slow; dawdling; slouching; Du. [drɩ‘ntlət, drə‘ntlət]; Y^h. [dr^eɩ‘ᶇtᶅət]. 3) pottering about without really doing any work; Y^h. [dr^eɩ‘ᶇtlət], also trintlet [tr^eɩ‘ᶇtlət]; a puir [‘poor’] d. body. — *dryntlóttr. See drintel², sb., and drintel, vb.

drip [dri̇̄p], vb., to bend one’s body and let oneself sink slowly down; to collapse, drop slowly down; to d. doon [‘down’]; esp. of living beings. Wests. (Sa.). Cf. Fær. drýpa (for drúpa), vb., to bend; stoop; lower. L.Sc. dreip, vb., is somewhat diff. (to fall in drops; to descend perpendicularly; to drip, etc.). See drup, vb.

dripl, dripel [drəpəl], sb., 1) sprinkling; drizzling rain; Nm. 2) small stain; Nm^s. Prob.: *dripl = *dropl. See dripl, vb., and for meaning 2, driplet, adj.

dripl, dripel [drəpəl], vb., 1) vb. n., a) to dribble; sprinkle; drizzle; he is driplin; b) of liquid in a pail: to drip; de water is driplin fae [‘from’] de daffock [‘pail’]. 2) vb. a., to spill; drop, of one who carries something in a careless manner; to d. water, to d. de taatis [‘potatoes’]; with object omitted: to geng driplin. Nm. — No. dripla, dropla, vbs., to dribble, L.Sc. dripple, vb., = Eng. dribble. That the Shetl. dripl, vb., is of Norse origin may be concluded by the senses given under dripl, sb. 2, and driplet, adj.

driplet [drəplət], adj., spotted; speckled, having small, irregular spots, e.g. of the sky covered with very small clouds; a d. sky. Nm^s. Wests. (Sa.). No. driplutt, droplutt, adj., variegated; having small dots. Cf. dripl, sb., and dripl, vb.

drisel [dris^əl, drisəl], vb., to dip clothes; in washing, to put clothes into water and take them out again, to d. claes [‘clothes’]. Sa. No. drisla and drysla, vb., to sprinkle; “drisla” is really the same word as Eng. drizzle, vb. Cf. drusel, vb.

drit [drit, drɩt], sb., excrement. O.N. drit, n., id.

drit [drit], vb., to evacuate; cacare, = O.N. dríta. Now generally with anglicised pronunc. “drite [dräit]” like L.Sc. — Impf. dret [drɛt], = O.N. dreit, and perf. part. dritten [drɩtən] = O.N. dritinn, are preserved in Shetl. as remains of the old inflextion of the verb.

dritl, dritel [dr^əitəl, dr^əiƫəl; dr^eɩtəl; drɩtəl, dretəl, drətəl], sb., 1) a person who walks slowly; U. [dr^əitəl, dr^əiƫəl]; Du. [drɩtəl, drətəl], 2) a person busying himself with some work without really doing anything; Fe. [dr^eɩtəl]. 3) an awkward person who spills anything he is carrying; Du. [drɩtəl, drətəl]. See dritl, vb.

dritl, dritel [dr^əitəl, dr^əiƫəl; dr^eɩtəl; drɩtəl, drətəl], vb., I) vb. n., 1) to walk slowly, = dratl, drattel, vb.; to geng dritlin [dr^əiƫᶅɩn: U^mo.]; U^s. [dr^əitəl, dr^əiƫəl]; Du. [drɩtəl, drətəl]. 2) to trifle with some work without really doing anything; to d. aboot; Fe. [dr^eɩtəl]. II) vb. a., to drop or spill from what one is carrying in an awkward manner; Du. [drɩtəl, drətəl]. — For dridl [drɩdəl], which is another form of dritl with somewhat deviating meaning, see dredl, vb. — No. dritla, vb., to walk slowly, draggingsomething (R., doubtful); L.Sc. driddle, vb., to move slowly, to work without progress; also to spill from carelessness.

dritlet [dr^əitlət, dr^eɩtlət, drɩtlət, dretlət, drətlət], adj., 1) having a slow gait. 2) trifling with any work without really doing anything. 3) awkward and spilling what one is carrying; a d. body. See further dritl, vb.

drits [drɩts, drɩtᶊ, dretᶊ], I) vb. n.: 1) to move slowly, to come trailing behind, to d. ahint [‘behind’], to geng (come) dritsin. Y. and Fe. Wests. 2) to be dragged or trailed behind; to hang too low on one’s back, e.g. of a straw-basket; de kessi (the basket) is dritsin doon [‘down’] ower dee [‘you’]; N.Roe. II) vb. a.: to drag, carry something so that it trails behind, or hangs too low on one’s back, to geng dritsin de kessi (N.Roe). — Parallel form to drats, vb.; q.v. Cf. L.Sc. dretch, vb., to loiter, which doubtless has influenced the form of the Shetl. word.

dritten [drɩtən], adj., paltry; mean; contemptible, a d. body. Prop. perf. part. of drit, vb.; q.v.

drittslengi [drɩt·ᶊlɛŋ··gi], sb., heavy swell in the sea; high, running sea; succession of such waves. Yⁿ. The first part of the compd. is poss. Fær. dritt (drift)- in “drittingur (driftingur)”, m., heavy swell; agitated sea, esp. in the pl. (F.F.S.); really, swing; agitation; drive (Fær. dritta, vb., to swing; No. dryfta, vb., to shake or move up and down; to winnow). The second part is slengi, sb., a great billow, swell (No. sleng, m., swing; roll; drive). The word drottslengi, sb., q.v., differs from drittslengi.

driv¹ [drɩv], sb., 1) a light, passing shower. 2) a drizzle, a d. o’ weet [‘wet’]. Wests. O.N. drif, n., drift; spray (that which drives or is driven through the air); Fær. driv, Sw. dial. driv, drev, n., drizzle. Cf. the derived No. drivla, vb., to drizzle.

driv² [drəv], sb., hurry; agitated haste; excitement; to be in a d., a) to hurry; b) to be excited. Du. Cf. No. driva, f., (propulsion; drift) great haste; agitation; confusion. — Prop. the same word as the foregoing.

drive, vb., to drive, sometimes in some applications handed down from Norn, used somewhat diff. from Eng. drive; thus: to d., or d. at somet’in’ [‘-thing’], to work or to be occupied with something; de young men never drave [‘drove’] de haf like de auld [‘old’] men, the young men did not attach importance to deep-sea fishing as the old men did (L.); what does du d. at? what is your work? (Uⁿ.). Thus: No. driva paa, Fær. dríva uppá, Da. drive på.

drivl, drivel [drɩvəl], sb., a slovenly, dirty, negligent person, a dirty d. U. *drifl, n. See drivl, vb.

drivl, drivel [drɩvəl], vb., to dawdle; to be or go slovenly and untidily, to geng drivlin. U. *drifla. Cf. No. drivla, vb., to saunter; dawdle, and Shetl. drevl (drefl), vb.

drivla [drɩvla], sb., a slovenly, dirty, negligent woman. U. *drifla, f. See drivl, vb.

drivlet [drɩvlət], adj., slovenly; dirty and negligent (in appearance), a d.-lookin’ bein’. U. *driflóttr. See drivl, vb.

drof, sb., see druf, sb.

drofs, sb. and vb., and drofset, adj., see drufs and drufset.

drog [drōg], sb., a person who is constantly carrying heavy burdens, a drudge (Uⁿ.), almost = droger. *drag. Cf. No. drag, n., a being that drags itself along (d. 12 in R.).

drog¹ [drōg], vb., 1) (to drag), to carry a heavy burden, to d. a heavy burden; to “d. on”; N.Sh. 2) to walk heavily and slowly, to come drogin and dratsin behint, to come slowly, toiling behind (Uⁿ.). 3) of an animal: to be in a state of utter exhaustion, esp. by long pregnancy; de baess [‘beast’] is drogin, shø [‘she’] is still drogin: when a cow is on the point of calving, esp. when she is going over her time; Nm.; De. 4) to work a long time at something without being able to finish it, to d. upon a wark [‘work’]; U. — O.N. draga, vb., to drag; pull; also to postpone; No. draga etter, to come toiling behind.

drog² [drōg], vb., see trog¹, vb.

droger [drōgər], sb., a carrier, one who carries heavy burdens, a peat-d. (Wh.). From drog¹, vb. Cf. “water-droger”.

drogg¹ [drɔg(g), drȯg(g)], sb., a person who drags himself along, a slow person, a d. o’ a body. Fe. and Y. occas. [drɔg(g)]. Ai. [drȯg(g)]. See drogg, vb.

drogg² [drȯg(g)], sb., see dragg, sb.

drogg [drɔg(g), drȯg(g)], vb., to drag oneself along, to walk very slowly, to d. awa [‘away’] (Ai.), to come droggin behint (Fe.; Y.). Fe. and Y. occas. [drɔg(g)]. Ai. [drȯg(g)]. No. dragga, vb., to drag oneself forward (deriv. of draga), and drugga, vb., to walk wearily. Cf. drog¹, vb.

drogget [drȯg(g)ət], adj., 1) rainy, continuously drizzling, a d. kind o’ a day; Wests. 2) wet through; soaking wet, partly = djolkin (see dalk, djalk, vb.); Sa. — Deriv. of drogg², sb.; see dragg, sb.

droggisom [drȯg··ɩsȯm·], adj.. = drogget 1; a d. day, a rainy day. St.

droin and droind, vb., see dronj, vb.

droinet, adj., see dronjet, adj.

*droita [drȯita], verbal-form appearing in the version of a riddle about the cow, noted down in Fe.: …etom oita d, something (viz. the tail) comes lagging behind. *drattar (or *drattandi). O.N. dratta, vb., to walk heavily and slowly. Cf. drill¹, vb., and the use of this word in the same riddle.

droiti [drȯi‘ti], sb., a name given jocularly to an old object of little value, noted down in the sense of an old clay-pipe. U^w. Prob. derived from the root *dratt- (of something clumsy) and the same word as — or cognate with — O.N. drǫttr, m., indicating a rude person. Cf. the foll. words as well as *droita.

droits, vb., see drots, vb.

droitsi, sb., see drotsi, sb.

droitslengi, sb., see drottslengi.

droll [drȯᶅ], sb., hesitation; slowness in movement. Du.; Conn. Cf. Icel. droll, n., delay; loitering (B.H.). Shetl. droll is also used in the sense of slow or drawling speech, “der’r a queer d. upon him” — certainly through infl. of Eng. drawl; de(r) wer a queer d. upon him (Conn.).

droll [drȯᶅ], vb., to move indolently and heavily, esp. of a slovenly person; to geng drollin. Du.; Conn. Icel. drolla, vb., to dawdle (B.H.). Shetl. droll has been influenced by Eng. drawl, vb., in the sense of to talk drawlingly. Cf. drall, vb., and drøl, vb.

drollet [drȯᶅət], adj., that dawdles, negligent and dilatory (Du.); negligent, untidy (Conn.). Also drolli [drȯᶅi] (Du.). Deriv. of droll, vb., but merges partly into trollet, adj.

drollslaget, adj., see trollslaget.

drolsket [drȯ‘lskət, drȯ‘ᶅᶊkət], adj., slow; lounging; dilatory. Nmⁿ. occas. (N.Roe) and Nm^w. [drȯ‘lskət, drȯ‘ᶅᶊkət]. Ai. [drȯ‘lskət]. Prob. a parallel form to dralsket, adj.; q.v. In Nmⁿ. “drolsket” and “dralsket” alternate in the same sense.

drolt, sb. and vb., see drult, sb. and vb.

droltet, adj., see drultet.

drolti [drȯ‘ᶅti], sb., a nickname for a clumsy being with heavy movements, e.g. a stubborn horse. The word was used by fishermen as a tabu-name (sea-term) for a codfish. U. *drult-. See further drult sb. and vb.

dromsket, adj., see drumsket, adj.

*drong [dråŋ], sb., a high rock in the sea; hardly used now except as a place-name, thus: de Drongs (two rocks in St. Magnus’ Bay, Nm^w.). Edm. has “drong” as a common noun. O.N. drangr, m., a pointed rock. Cf. stakk, sb., as the name generally used of a rock in the sea.

dronj [drȯᶇ] and more comm.: droin [drȯin (drɔin, dråin)], vb., 1) (to low), to emit a hollow, prolonged sound; comm. of cows: to low softly, prolonging the sound (as cows do sometimes for fodder). Also drøn [drøn], drønj [drøᶇ] and drond, droind [drȯⁱnd, drȯᶇd]. drøn: Du. drønj: Fe. drond, droind: Y. and U. occas. 2) to speak slowly and drawlingly; Ai. [(drȯᶇ) drȯin]. 3) to growl, speaking in a low voice, incoherently; also to speak crossly in a low voice; muttering in a cross tone; Wests. (Sa.); Nm.; De.; L. drɔin: Sa. drȯin: Nm., De., L. 4) to drone; buzz, of insects, esp. of bees, wasps; de bee is droinin [drȯinɩn] (Nm.; De.; L.). 5) to hum a tune in a droning voice, to droin a tune (Nm., De., L.: drȯin. Sa.: drɔin). — No., Icel. and Fær. drynja, Sw. dial. dryna (drönja, dröna), Da. dial. drynne, drøn(n)e, vb., to low softly, prolonging the sound, esp. of cows; also (as in No. and Sw. dial.) to mumble; to speak indistinctly, mutter, growl. — dronj, droin, etc. are rarely found as substantives; see drøn, sb.

dronjer [drȯᶇər], sb., fishermen’s tabu-name (sea-term) for a cow. S.Sh., L., De., etc. Occas. also dronjasi [drȯᶇ··asi·] (L.; De.). “dronjasi” and “dronjesi [drȯᶇ··əsi·]” are also sometimes used as tabu-names for pig. — *dronjer from an older *drynjari; see dronj, vb. dronjasi is formed on the analogy of words ending in -asi.

dronjet [drȯᶇət] and droinet [drȯinət], adj., that speaks slowly and drawlingly, a d. body; occas. also slow in movements. Ai. *drynjóttr. See dronj, droin, vb., and also drinj, sb.

dronn [drȯᶇ, drȯⁱn, drȯin], sb., the hindmost part of the back of an animal; rump. De. Fær. drunnur, m., id. Prob. of Celt. orig.; Gael. dronn, sb., back.

dronnslingi [drȯⁱn·sleŋ·gi, drȯᶇ·ᶊleŋ·gi], sb., lameness in the hindpart of the back in consequence of sturdy; disease in cattle and sheep. De. Is also called “loop-ill” (L.Sc. loupin-ill) and “sturdy i’ de back”. *drunn-slyngja? The first part of the compd. seems to be dronn (the hindmost part of the back), mentioned above, and the second part is No. slyngja, f., acc. to Ross inter alia: “disease in goats; perhaps = tullesott” (tullesott = sturdy), dronnslingi can hardly, through infl. of dronn, have arisen as a corrupted form of No. “draugslag”, sb., draugslegen, adj., which, acc. to Ross, indicates the same disease.

dronsket, adj., see tronsket, adj.

dront [drȯ‘ᶇt], vb., to snuffle; see tront, vb.

drosj, dross [drȯᶊ], sb., drizzle, usually with light wind; rather comm. — drasj, drass [draᶊ] is found as a parallel form to drosj in Papa St. — *drys. See drosj, vb.

drosj, dross [drȯᶊ], vb., to drizzle (usually with light wind); he’s drosjin (drossin); rather comm. — *drysja; No. drysja, Da. drysse, vb., to sprinkle.

drosji, drossi [drȯᶊi], adj., moist; rainy, a d. day. Also drasji, drassi [draᶊɩ]. Papa St. Deriv. of drosj, sb.

drotl, drottel [drȯtəl (drȯⁱtəl, drȯƫəl)], sb., 1) a porridge-like substance, resulting from the unsuccessful churning of butter, where the butter has not, or only to a slight degree, been separated from the milk (cf. dava and gjola); also grain-like particles floating in the butter-milk after an unsuccessful churning; S.Sh. [drȯtəl]; U. occas. [drȯtəl, drȯⁱtəl]. 2) thin, unsolidified butter-milk (cf. gjola). Wests. [drȯtəl]; Wh. [drȯtəl]. 3) a mixture of milk and bland (whey and water), of butter-milk and bland, of gjola and “bland”; Fe. [drȯⁱtəl, drȯƫəl]. — More rarely dritl, drittel [drɩtəl, drətəl]. — Prob. a disparaging word and cognate with drit, sb. Cf. L.Sc. drutle, vb., in a similar sense to “drite”, O.N. dríta, vb., cacare; see drit, vb.

drotl, drotel [drȯtəl], vb. — dred(e)l 2 and 3; see dredl, vb., and dratl, vb.

drots, droits [drȯⁱts, drȯⁱtᶊ, drȯƫᶊ, drȯits, drȯitᶊ], vb., to walk slowly and heavily, to go or come lagging behind, to geng (come) dro(i)tsin. N.I. “drȯits” is peculiar to Uⁿ., the other forms to Y. and Fe. — Parallel form to drats, vb.; q.v.

drotsi, droitsi [(drȯⁱtsi) drȯⁱtᶊi, drȯitsi], sb., a person who, in walking slowly and draggingly, comes slouching behind. N.I. drȯitsi: Uⁿ.; drȯⁱtᶊi: Y. In Y. esp. as a derisive epithet, applied to the last person in a string. Deriv. of dro(i)ts, vb., and a parallel form to dratsi, sb.; q.v.

drottslengi, droitslengi [drȯⁱtᶊlɛŋ·gi, drȯit-], sb., a bungler, a person who cannot do any work properly. Y^h. Doubtless a person with very slow movements, who goes (comes) loiteringly, in which case, the first part is an orig. *dratt-; O.N. dratta, vb., to move heavily and slowly; for the Shetl. form of the word cf. *droita from “dratta”, as well as drots, droits, vb., from drats. The second part of the compd. (slengi) is doubtless to be classed with No. slenga, vb., to dangle; idle about, Da. slænge, to fling, but is in meaning more closely allied to No. slinka, vb., to idle during work; cf. Shetl. slink, vb. — Diff. from drittslengi, sb.

†drow [drɔu], sb., one of the “Good People”; drows, pl., gnomes; trolls. Parallel form to the syn. and more usual trow, sb., poss. by blending with O.N. draugr (dead man, ghost), No. draug, m. In Ork. “drow, trow” is used to denote the devil. “trow” is L.Sc.

druf [drof] and drof [drȯf], sb., a heavy, indolent person. Du. *druf-. Cf. a) No. dryvja, f., a stout woman (deriv. of *druv-), and b) Shetl. drufs, sb.

drufi, drofi [drufi, drofi, drȯfi], adj., heavy and clumsy. Du. Deriv. of druf, drof, sb.

drufs [drofs], sb., a big, heavy and clumsy person, a d. o’ a body. Also drofs [drɔfs]. Ai. Cf. No. drufsa, f., a big, clumsy woman (No. drufsa, vb., to wrap oneself up; Sw. dial. druffsa, vb., to jump heavily).

drufs [drofs], vb., to walk heavily, to stump, to geng drufsin. Also drofs [drɔfs]. Ai. Sw. dial. druffsa, vb. See drufs, sb.

drufset [drofsət] and drofset [drɔfsət], adj., big, heavy and clumsy in one’s movements. *drufsóttr. See drufs, sb.

*drukka [droka], sb., a drink; something to drink. Fo. O.N. drykkr, m., and drykkja, f., a drink. The i-mutation is dropped in the Shetl. drukk-. Cf. *dikk (*drikk), sb.

drukken [dro‘kən], adj., (prop. perf. part.), drunk, intoxicated, = O.N. drukkinn; also L.Sc.: drucken.

druls [dro‘ls], sb., prop. a lump; bundle, comm. in sense of: 1) a stout, clumsy (awkward) person, = No. drols, m., and drulsa, f. 2) a person who walks very wearily, a miserable, weak person (with a very bad gait): Nm. 3) a gruff, peevish person (De.). No. drols, besides denoting something bulky and clumsy, may also mean a stiff figure.

druls [dro‘ls], vb., to walk wearily and trudgingly, to geng drulsin. Nm. See druls, sb.

drulset [dro‘lsət], adj., 1) lumpy; bulky. 2) trudging wearily, a d. body (Nm. occas.). 3) gruff; peevish (De. occas.). Deriv. of druls, sb.

drult [dro‘lt] and drolt [drɔ‘lt, drȯ‘ᶅt (drɔ̇ᶅt)], sb., a ponderous, clumsy person with a heavy gait. The form drult is characteristic of S.Sh. and Wests.^w., but alternates in N.Sh. with drolt [drȯ‘ᶅt], which is commonly used in various places. Nm.: drȯ‘ᶅt. Y. and Fe.: drȯ‘ᶅt (drɔ̇‘ᶅt). U.: drɔ‘lt and drȯ‘ᶅt. Du.: dro‘lt and drɔ‘lt. drolt [drȯ‘ᶅt] is reported from Uⁿ. in sense of a poor cod; cf. drolti, sb. — No. drult, m., and drulta, f., stout, clumsy person.

drult [dro‘lt] and drolt [drɔ‘lt, drȯ‘ᶅt (drɔ̇‘ᶅt)], vb., to walk heavily and clumsily; to d. like a horse. The distribution of the various forms of pronunc. in the diff. localities is the same with respect to the verb as to the subst.: see drult, sb. — No. drulta, vb., to move heavily, with a rolling gait.

drultet [dro‘ᶅtət] and more comm. droltet [drȯ‘ᶅtət], adj., that moves heavily and clumsily, a d. body. See drult, sb. and vb.

drumb [dromb], sb., a person who talks unwillingly and crossly, a morose person. Nm. Doubtless of a cross, peevish state of mind, with similar development of meaning as in drums, sb. In Conn. drumps [dro‘mps] is found in sense of moroseness, peevishness, esp. in the phrase “i’ de drumps”, morose; peevish; prob. to be regarded as the pl. of *drump for *drumb; see drumped, adj. (Conn.), under drumbet^{[errata 2]}, adj., and note, syn. with “(i’ de) drumps”, the pl. phrases “(i’ de) bolts, frotts, holks, urikuris (hurikuris), dorts, sulks”, the last two borrowed from L.Sc. and Eng. respectively. — *drumb. See drumb, vb.

drumb [dromb], vb., to emit cross (prop. hollow, drumming) sounds, to talk crossly and unwillingly, said of a peevish person; he drumbed twa’rtree [‘two or three’] words ut o’ him. Nm. *drumba. Cf. No. drumbemælt, adj., talking in a hollow voice.

drumbet [drombət], adj., peevish, that talks crossly and unwillingly, a d. body. Nm., Wests. (Sa.). drumped [dro‘mpəd]: Conn. *drumbóttr. For the etym. see drumb, vb.

drummer [dromər] and drummi [drom(m)i], sb., snipe, common snipe, = snippek (sneppek), horsgok. “drummer” sporadically in M.; “drummi”: Fo. The name is probably due to the bird’s peculiar, bleating cry. Cf. Da. “drum” in the bird’s name “rørdrum” (ardea stellaris, botaurus vulgaris), likewise from the bird’s cry; Da. (Jut.) dial. drum, sb., a hollow sound; song; booming or drumming sound, and drum, adj., hollow; booming, of sound; Eng. drum, sb.

drummer [dromər] -bee, sb., a honey-bee, bumble-bee, prop. a drone. Named after the insect’s humming sound, like “drone”. See drummer and drummi, sb.

drums [dro‘ms], sb., 1) gloomy, peevish mood; what set dee [‘you’] in sicc [‘such’] a d.? 2) gruff, peevish person. Nm., De. drumps [dro‘mps], noted down in Conn., is rather connected with drumb, sb., as a pl. form of the latter. — *drums; cf. No. drumsen, adj., languid; disinclined. The Shetl. word, in its meaning, almost assimilates to trums, sb.

drums [dro‘ms], vb., to be peevish; to sulk; what are ye drumsin aboot? Nm., De. See drums, sb.

drumset [dro‘msət], adj., sulking; peevish; morose. Nm., De. No. drumsen, adj., languid; disinclined (R.). drumsket is somewhat more closely allied in meaning to the Norw. word.

drumsket [dro‘mskət] and dromsket [drȯ‘mskət], adj., out of sorts; in a gloomy, peevish mood. Du. See drumset and trumsket, adjs.

drung [droŋ], adj., troublesome; heavy: a) difficult to force onward, e.g. of a boat difficult to row: a d. boat; b) in a wider sense: fatiguing; heavy, of work: heavy d. wark [‘work’]. Fo. O.N. þrǫngr, adj., narrow; pressed, really and orig. in the same sense as Shetl. drung a, which can be observed from the verbs þryngva and þrǫngva, to push; press; to move in a certain direction by pressure; to force, etc. No. trong, adj., a) narrow; b) difficult; troublesome. For the change þ > d in Shetl. see Introd. V. (also N.Spr. VII), § 36.

drung [droŋ], vb., to draw firmly together; to "tie fast, to d. tø [‘to’]. Du. occas. (Clumlie). Most prob. to be considered as a parallel form to the verbs drang and dreng, dring, though the word may also be explained from O.N. þryngva or prǫngva, vb., to push; press — see drung, adj.

drup [drūp], vb., to stoop; bend; lean over; de wa’ [‘wall’] drups to dis [‘this’] side. O.N. drúpa, vb., to lean over; droop.

drupinsløbi [drū·pɩnslø̄·bi], sb., a person with a hanging under-lip (sleb², sløb), a peevish-looking person; grumbler. U^wg. See drup, vb., and sløbi, sb.

drupsagi, -sjagi [drup·ᶊā··gi], adj., 1) quite exhausted. 2) in a gloomy, depressed mood; sad; disheartened. 3) disagreeably rainy, of weather; a d. day, a dull, rainy day. Fe. Also trupsagi [trup·ᶊā··gi] (Fe.). The first part of the compd. is doubtless the above-mentioned drup (O.N. drúpa, vb., to droop, to hang one’s head). The second part, sagi, sjagi, may be No. saggjen, adj., a) heavy; indolent; slow (cf. “sagd”, adj., exhausted from weariness or disgust); b) thoroughly moist; heavy from dampness; cf. Icel. saggi, m., dampness, söggur, adj., damp, Shetl. s(j)agg, s(j)ogg, sb. In drups. 1 the last part, however, might equally well be derived from sjag² [ᶊāg], vb., to exhaust, from *þjaka. In drups. 3 there is poss. influence from *drjúp- (O.N. drjúpa, vb., to drip).

drus [drus], sb., a person who works well and energetically, is active and energetic in carrying out manual work, a d. o’ a hand. Ai. Cf. No. drusen, adj., fearless; energetic, from drusa, vb., to push forward, etc.; drys, drysja, f., a quick, active person, etc. (R.).

drusel¹ [drusəl], vb., to chase; to drive away in a harsh manner; boy, d. awa [‘away’] yon [‘that’] swine! (Uⁿ.); d. him (de horse) op [‘up’]! in ploughing: drive it (the horse) along; make it go quicker! (Fe.). U., Fe. *drusla, a deriv. of *drusa; No. drusa, vb., to push forward.

drusel² [drusəl (drosəl), drūsəl], vb., 1) to sprinkle, esp. to sprinkle some salt on fish, to d. saut [‘salt’] on fish, to d. herring(s); comm. [drusəl, drosəl]. 2) to drench; soak; he cam’ in druseld [drūsəlt], drenched to the skin (Conn.). No. drusla, vb., to sprinkle (drizzle); to strew. Cf. drisel, vb.

druslin [druslin], sb., driving away; to gi’e ane a d., to chase or drive one away in a harsh manner. U., Fe. From drusel¹, vb.

drøbi [drø̄bi], sb. and adj., I) sb., a dilatory, slovenly person with a peevish expression. II) adj., dilatory (slovenly); peevish, a d. body. U^mo. Doubtless to be classed with O.N. drúpa, vb., to droop one’s head from grief, but assimilates to the foll. drøbset, adj.

drøbset [drøbsət], adj., slow; slovenly; occas. also surly-looking, d.-lookin’. U^mo. *dryps-? Somewhat like No. drupsen, adj., spilling (No. drupsa, drypsa, vb., to spill; waste). Assimilates in meaning to drøbi.

*drøg [drø̄g], adj., substantial; abundant; large, only preserved in fishermen’s tabu-lang. at sea; to sni de nebert ower [‘too’] d., to cut the bait into too large pieces, in the orig. lang.: sníða niðrburðinn of drjúgan. U^w. O.N. drjúgr, adj., substantial; abundant; that is sufficient or lasts long. Cf. dørk, vb.

drøl [(drø̄l) drø̄^əl, drøl], vb., to dawdle; move indolently and clumsily; to walk slowly or feebly, to geng drølin. U., Fe. [(drø̄l) drø̄^əl]. Du. [drøl]. In Du. esp. of a slovenly person. Also sometimes = drill, vb., to dangle behind (M^l.: drøl with a short ø-sound). — No. draula, dryla and drøla, vb., to bear oneself indolently and stupidly; to loiter; idle, etc.; Sw. dial. drula, drøla.

drøleks [drø^ələks], sb. pl., sour bland (whey mixed with water) in which particles of the separated curds are floating. Fe. drølek prob. for *drøvlek or *drølvek, and, in that case, the same word as O.N. drafli, m., boiled milk in which the curd has separated from the whey. In No., dravle (= O.N. drafli) may also mean curd floating on the surface of the whey, boiled after the actual cheese-making (R.). For the vowel-sound ø in the Shetl. word, cf. No. drøvla, drøvle = dravla, vb., to idle; and Sw. dial. drövla = dravla, vb., to idle; tattle. — From N.Roe is reported drøli [drø̄^əli], sb. sing., and drølins [drø̄^əlins], sb. pl., in sense of turbid liquid, esp. a) dirty water, manure-water, and b) sediment, dregs. This word may prob. be the same as drølek(s) with reference to the root-meaning of “drafl” (see further the etym. notes under dravin, adj.), but is poss. borrowed from L.Sc., as drøli(ns) must be classed with L.Sc. drulie, adj., muddy (Jam.), which might indicate that drølek(s) also is a L.Sc. form or has arisen through infl. of L.Sc.

drølet [(drø̄lət) drø̄^ələt, drølət], adj., dragging; dawdling, partly with implication of slovenliness. U., Fe. [(drø̄lət) drø̄^ələt]. Du. [drølət]. Deriv. of drøl, vb. Cf. drollet, adj.

drølin [drø̄lɩn (drø̄^əlɩn), drølin], sb., a half-grown coalfish, about 3 years old (fish of family gadidae). N.I. Uⁿ.: 3-4 years old coalfish. Yⁿ.: 2-3 years old. In Y^h. drølin may designate any well-developed, half-grown fish, esp., however, coalfish. Other forms are: drøli [drø̄li] (Fe.) and drøling [drø̄lɩŋ] (Y^h. occas.) besides drolen [drȯlən] and droljen [drȯᶅən]. drøl- orig. from (*drjól-) *drýl-. No. dryl, m., a cudgel; fellow; large, cylindrical object, etc.; Fær. drýlur, m., a cylinder-shaped loaf(baked in embers); Icel. drjóli, m., a cudgel; fellow; bull. The form drøling from Y^h. points to a derived form: drýlingr; otherwise -in can be regarded as the preserved def. art.: O.N. -inn. drolen, droljen is doubtless the same word as drølin, but might also spring from No. droll (Aa.) or drold, drolde (R.), m., a round or cylindrical object (figure), etc.

drøm [drø̄m], vb., to make indolent, slow movements; to doze, to geng drømin ower de wark [‘work’]. U. *drœma from *dróm-? No. droma, vb., to loiter; walk slowly; Icel. drœmr, adj., dilatory; slow. O.N. drœma, vb., to tie; hinder; “láta drœmt við”, to linger. Shetl. drøm, however, may also be O.N. drøyma, (dreyma), vb., to dream, which formerly also had the meaning to doze; to be slow (cf. No. drøyma, vb., and drøym, m.). “*drœma” and “drøyma” have prob. merged in Shetl. drøm.

drøn [drøn], sb., a low bellowing; de coo ga’e a d. Du. Icel. and Fær. drynur, No. dryn, m., id. Cf. dronj, droin, vb.

drøn, vb., see dronj (droin), vb.

drøri [drø̄ri, drøri], sb., blood, esp. from a wound; blood flowing from a fish, when cut up, etc. Comm. in the phrase “to draw ane’s d.”, to draw blood, to make one’s blood flow; to give one a blow on the nose. Occas. corrupted (by dissimilation): drøni [drøni]. O.N. drøyri (dreyri), m., blood, e.g. flowing from a wound. For the expr. “draw ane’s d.” cf. the syn. O.N. “vekja einhverjum drøyra”.

drøs [drø̄s, drø̄^əs], vb., to make slow, drowsy movements; to walk or work drowsily and sluggishly, to dawdle; to d. ower de wark [‘work’]. U. Sw. dial. drösa, Da. drøse, vb., to be dilatory; deriv. to be found in the Icel. drösla, vb., to walk slowly and clumsily.

drøset [drø̄sət, drø̄^əsət], adj., slow, drowsy and sluggish in one’s movements. U. Deriv. of drøs, vb.

drøtsløg [drøt·slø̄g·], vb., to walk slowly, indolently and clumsily. U^w. The first part of the compd. is doubtless “dratta” (see dratl, drats and droit-); the second part is *slœkja from *slók-; No. sløkja, vb., to walk heavily and clumsily (R.), O.N. (Icel.) slókr, m., an idle person. The vowel-sound ø in drøt must be due to assimilation from sløg.

du [dū], sb., dove, O.N. dúfa, f., dove; L.Sc. dow. See du in dirri-du, sb.

du [dū; unstressed du, do], pron., thou. Still common in intimate address and used instead of Eng. you. *do (Lord’s Prayer). — Suffixed to the verb and unstressed, esp. in certain exclamations: (tu), to [to, tɔ, tȯ]; sees-to (tu)! looks-to (tu)! look there, there you are! (Conn.); also: “sees-to (tu)-no (nu) [si̇̄s··tȯ-nȯ·]!” nu, no = now. — O.N. þú; No., Sw. and Da. du; Eng. thou. — The obsolete forms dig [dɩg] and dok [dȯk], thee, from O.N. þik (þek), are found preserved in Shetl. in acc. sing. in the verse about the crow and the crab; see Introd., and N.Spr. p. 150. Now generally in acc. sing.: dee (Eng. and L.Sc. thee). In the Foula-ballad du and dogh, doch are found as nom. Cf. *mog (me), 1st pers. sing. acc. — *din is found as gen. sing. of du (Foula-ballad), to din, to thee, O.N. (til: to) þín. Also *din (Foula-ballad and Lord’s Prayer), and neut. *dit or *det (Lord’s Prayer), as a poss. pron. thine, O.N. þínn, þítt. — *di (Foula-ballad), ye, as nom. pl. of du, is also found in addressing an individual. O.N. þér, pl., and þít, dual, ye. Phonetically, Shetl. *di seems most prob. to be developed from the dual-form þit, like Fær. tit, pl., ye, you. — See dor, pron., 2nd pers. (pl.).

du [dū], vb., to “thou” a person, to address one familiarly, to du a body (person). Icel. þúa, No. and Sw. dua, vb., id.

dudla, dudlek, dudlin, sb., see dollek², sb.

duk [dūk, duk], sb., duck; fabric; cloth; now esp. of duck, = L.Sc. doock. In Shetl. the word is found also as a tabu-name (sea-term) in fishermen’s lang. for a sail, boat’s sail. O.N. dúkr, m., duck; cloth; a length of woven stuff.

†duk (dukk) [duk], vb., 1) vb. n., to plunge (under the surface of the water). 2) vb. a., to duck someone, to d. ane. A more recent word. L.Sc. douk, dook, vb. a. and n. No. dukka, vb. n., Da. dukke, dykke, Sw. dyka.

dukki [doki], sb., see dokki, sb.

†dulk [do‘lk], sb., a night-cap. U. Orig. uncertain. Poss. an abbr. form of L.Sc. *dowlcap (cf. to dowlcap, vb., to cover the head. Jam.). O.N. “dul(ar)kufl” and “dulhǫttr” are found in sense of hat or hood used for purposes of disguise (cf. Shetl. dolhoit, sb.).

dullek, sb., see dollek¹, sb.

dulos, du-less, adj., see dølos, dø-less.

dult [do‘lt] and dolt [dɔ‘lt, dȯ‘ᶅt], sb., 1) a thick, heavy lump; lumpy, shapeless object, e.g. an unwieldy stone; Wh. [do‘lt, do‘ᶅt]. 2) a clumsy, heavy person; also stupid, awkward person, a d. o’ a boy; Fe. and Y. [dȯ‘ᶅt]; Nm^w. (Esh.) [dɔ‘lt]. No. dult, dolt, m., a bundle; dulta, f., a corpulent woman. Eng. dolt, sb., L.Sc. dult, sb., a dunce. The Shetl. word is of Norn origin as proved by meaning 1, but poss., in meaning 2, influenced by (Eng. and) L.Sc.

duma, sb., see doma, sb.

dumba [domba] and domba [dȯmba], sb., dust, fine refuse hovering in the air from the winnowing or sifting of corn. O.N. dumba, f., dust, esp. dust resulting from the thrashing of corn.

dumbet [dombət] and more comm. dombet [dȯmbət], adj., 1) applied to colour of cattle, esp. of sheep: somewhat dark, dust-like, grayish; Ai.; Nm.; De. 2) of clothes: shabby, having lost freshness; d.-lookin’ claes [‘clothes’]; Fe. [dȯmbət]. — *dumbóttr. No. dumbutt, adj., dusty; Icel. dumbóttur, adj., dull of colour; of a dusky hue (B.H.).

*dumbvidla [domb··vɩd·la], in the obs. compd. “dea-d.-voga [dɛ̄a domb··vɩd·la vōga]”, sb., Holy Week (the week before Easter Sunday). Fo. O.N. dymbildagavika, f., id. dea and dumbvidla are transposed.

*dumlaw, *dwmlaw, vb., see *domra¹, sb.

dummi [dom(m)i], adj., deaf, hard of hearing, d. i’ de lugs; uncomm. O.N. dumbr, dumbi, adj.; dumb, originally prob. in a wider sense which can be deduced from the meanings preserved in the present Northern dialects; Fær. dumbur (dummur) and No. dumm, a) mute; b) deaf and dumb, in No. also inter alia, of sound: dull; faint, No. dumhøyrd, somewhat deaf; Sw. dial. dumm, drowsy; cf. also older Ger. dumm, deaf. — Shetl. dummi is also found in a more modern sense, stupid (Ger. dumm); a d. fellow (N.Roe).

dump [do‘mp], sb., a thump; fall; a d. i’ de sea, commotion in the sea, = a tump [to‘mp] i’ de sea. No. dump, m., a fall; precipitation; O.N. dumpa, vb., to thump. — djimp [dᶎɩ‘mp] (for *dimp?), of rough sea, esp. with short, choppy waves, a dj. i’ de sea, is possibly a parallel form to dump, sb.; also agitated sea of this kind, a dj. o’ a sea. It is hardly directly Eng. jump, with which djimp doubtless is mingled. See further under djimp, vb.

dump [do‘mp], vb., to thump; push, O.N. dumpa.

*dumra (dwmra), sb., see *domra¹.

dumsket, adj., see domsket.

dun¹ [dūn, dun], sb., down, the undermost fine, soft plumage of birds. O.N. dúnn, m., down, sb.

dun² [dun], sb., fine dust, esp. adhesive meal-dust (in grinding corn), = don¹ 1. See further don¹, sb.

dunder [dondər], and more comm. donder [dȯndər (dɔndər)], sb., a rumbling sound. No. dunder, m., id. — Dondri [dȯndri, dȯn··dəri·] is the name of a waterfall in “Gilla burn” in Wd.

dunder [dondər], and more comm. donder [dȯndər (dɔndər)], vb., to rumble; crash. No. and Fær. dundra, vb., id.

dungel [doŋgəl] and dongel [dɔŋgel], sb., a lump; clod, sometimes: a) a clod of earth, = bungel, sometimes: b) a barley- or oat-cake, esp. a lump of dough for such a cake, unbaked “brøni”; a bursten-d. (see bursten, sb.). Nm. A form dunglin [doŋlin, doŋlɩn] is reported from Uⁿ. in sense of “bursten-brøni”, a cake (brøni) made of bursten. — Prob. a dim. deriv. of *dung-; No. dunge, Fær. dungi, m., a heap; pile.

dungel [doŋgəl], vb., to pelt with clods of earth, dungels. From dungel, sb. Cf bungel, vb.

dunger [dongər], sb., formation of misty clouds, covering the hill-tops; der’r a d. lyin’ ower [‘over’] de land. Wh. Cf. Sw. dial. dungen, adj., a parallel form to “dunken”, damp; Da. dyng- in “dyngvaad”, drenched. Forms with a k, such as dunker, dunka, dunk, q.v., are more comm. in Shetl. than dunger.

dunglaberri [doŋ··glabær·i], sb., a lump of dough, leaven, for making a cake (esp. a barley- or oat-cake, brøni). Yⁿ. The first part of the compd. is dungel, sb., q.v.; the second part is Eng. berry, sb., applied in sense of a lump? orig. perhaps another word, merged with “berry” (perhaps Fær. pirra, f., a small object, steinpirra, a small stone).

dunk, dunka, dunker [do‘ŋk, -a, -ar], sb., mist or haze; drizzle. The diff. forms are noted down in the foll. places with various applications: a) damp fog, drizzle; dunker, night-dunker (Nm.), night-mist; de night-d. is comin’ doon (N.Roe); a dunk (a little rain) ut o’ de mist (Fo.); a dense drizzle, dunker (Y.; Nm.); b) very dense haze, dunker (Fe.); c) dunka: tabu-word, used by fishermen at sea of rain; Fo. *dunk-. No. and Sw. dial. dunken, adj., damp (muggy, mouldy). Cf. dunger, sb.

dunker [do‘ŋkər], sb., a vessel (wooden vessel, made of staves), narrower above than below, = holk². Wh. No. dunk, m., a keg, a barrel-shaped vessel, Da. and Sw. (dial.) dunk, id., also an earthen or stone bottle. The suffix -er in the Shetl. word appears to be the old (O.N.) nom. sign -r, which has been grafted to the root of the word.

dunki [do‘ŋki], adj., damp and misty, of weather; he’s very d. Fo. Deriv. of dunk(-a), sb.

dunt [do‘nt], sb., 1) a thump; stroke; heavy fall, a d. o’ a fa’ (Du.); a fall with a rebound, esp. that of a ball, a shuttlecock (Conn.). 2) a dull sound caused by a stroke or a falling object. No. and Sw. dial. dunt, m., a push; thump; L.Sc. dunt, dount, sb. O.N. dyntr, m., a din; heavy fall; push, in Mod. Icel., esp. one of a series of small bumps up and down (B.H.).

dunt [do‘nt], vb., 1) to strike; push; I dunted my head i’ de door (Sa.). 2) to fall with a thump; to fall and rebound, e.g. of a ball, a shuttlecock (Conn.). 3) to tramp, to geng duntin. No. dunta, dynta, Sw. dial. dunta, Icel. dynta, vb., to shake, push; in Icel. esp. also to shake up and down; L.Sc. dunt, vb., to strike; thump.

dunter [do‘ntər], sb., eider-duck; also “d.-duke [‘duck’]”. comm. Really one that bobs up and down, a diver. Deriv. of dunt, vb.; cf. esp. Icel. dynta, vb., to bob lightly up and down. — dunter is found in Yell as a nickname for a person with a jerky gait: “de D.” — “dunter” is found in L.Sc. designating a porpoise. “dunter-goose” is given by Jam. in the sense of an eider-duck, with Brand as authority (Brand’s Description of Orkney and Shetland), which indicates that “dunter” in the sense of eider-duck is characteristic of Ork. and Shetl.; Ork. and Shetl. sources are also given in the E.D.D. (Brand, Swainson).

dur [dūr], sb., prop. a slumber; nap, now esp. of drowsy, lethargic movements; drowsy gait; being in the clouds. Uⁿ. Icel. dúrr, Fær. dúrur, Sw. dial. dur, m., a short sleep; a doze; nap.

dur [dūr], vb., to doze; to move drowsily and torpidly, to geng durin aboot. Uⁿ. O.N. dúra, vb., to sleep lightly; Icel. and Fær. dúra, No. and Sw. dial. dura, vb., to sleep lightly; to doze.

durasuk [dū··rasūk·, -suk·], sb., draught between doors or through a narrow passage; also dorasuk [dor··asuk·] and dorosuk [dɔr··osuk·]. U. *dura-súgr. O.N. dyrr, f. pl., door (gen. dura); Icel. súgr, m., a draught of wind. Cf. suk, sb.

dus [dus], sb., 1) a stroke; blow; to gi’e ane a d. 2) a stamping; tramping (U.). 3) = dist, a light thrashing of a small quantity of corn (U.). No. dus, m., L.Sc. douss, a blow; stroke.

dus [dus], vb., 1) to knock; strike. 2) to stamp; tramp; to geng dusin ower (de face o’) de eart’, to stamp forcibly along (U.). 3) to thrash a small quantity of corn lightly, = dist, vb.; dus ut twa [‘two’] sheaves! (U.). No. dusa, vb., to fall; tumble down; beat violently. Eng. douse, dowse, vb.

duska (doska) [doska (dɔska)] and dosk, dosker [dȯsk, -ər], sb., 1) mist; misty clouds; haze (really a slight darkness); der’r a d. on de land; Y.; Fe. 2) a light shower, a dosker o’ a shooer [‘shower’]; Y^h. (dosker). Cf. No. and Sw. duska, vb., to drizzle, as from fog; Sw. dial. duskug, adj., somewhat dusky, misty and damp (of atmosphere, weather). Cognate with Eng. dusk, sb. Cf. dask, sb., and dusket, adj.

dusket [duskət (doskət)], adj., somewhat dusky-coloured; dirty-grayish, a d. colour. N.Roe. Deriv. of “dusk”, of dusky colour; see duska, sb., and cf. Eng. dusk, dusky, adj.

†dust [dust (dost)] and †dost [dȯst], sb., a dull, heavy thump or blow. Conn. Deriv. of dus, sb. Cf. Eng. *dowst, sb., a blow in the face, L.Sc. dyst, doist (doyst), sb., a thud; dull fall, and Shetl. duster¹, sb.

duster¹ [dustər (dostər)] and doster¹ [dȯstər], sb., a sudden squall of wind; the dull sound of a gust of wind; a d. o’ wind. Conn. Cf. Sw. dial. dust, m., wind; puff of wind (dust 3, Ri.). No. dysta, f., a squall (R.), L.Sc. doister, dystar, sb., a storm from the sea.

duster² [dostər] and doster² [dåstər (dɔstər), dȯstər], sb., a quarrel; angry dispute; dey’re [‘they have’] had a d.; de(r) wer’ [‘there was’] a d. atween dem. Freq. in the expr. “to shak’ a d.”, to wrangle; dispute angrily; dey’re [‘they have’] shaken a d. U. The use of the verb “shak’” (shake) in association with “duster, doster”, indicates the verb to be connected with No. dusta, vb., to dust; sweep, also inter alia to tumble about, and dysta, vb., to raise dust; shake in something. On the other hand, there is doubtless also a conn. with No. and Sw. dial. dust, m., Da. dyst, c., a struggle; quarrel, O.Sw. dyst (dost, döst), m., a din; crash.

dwal [dwāl] and dwali [dwāli, dwali], sb., 1) a light slumber; a nap. 2) a short lull in rough weather; dwal: Conn.; dwali: Nm^w.; a d. i’ de wadder [‘weather’]; he made a dwali for de time, there was a lull in the storm for a time (Nm^w.). 3) stillness of tide immediately before it turns; calm sea at change of tide; he’s a dwali; Nm^w. — Icel. dvali, m., Sw. dvala, f., Da. dvale, a light sleep; state of rest; No. dval, m., and dvala, f., a short break between squalls of wind, a lull (O.N. dvǫl and dvala, f., hesitation; delay).

dwal [dwāl], vb., 1) to sleep lightly; to fall into a light slumber, to d. ower [‘over’], d. ower asleep (Uⁿ.). 2) to abate, calm for a moment, of rough weather; he’s dwald a bit; in this sense more common as a substantive, see prec. — Deriv. of dwal, sb. O.N. dvala, vb., to delay, = dvelja, is different.

dwamer, sb. and vb., see dwarm.

dwang [dwaŋ], sb., a piece of wood, log of wood (doubtless orig. for fastening something); in a special sense: a wedge. Reported from De. in the sense of a log of wood, from N. in the sense of a wedge. Cf. No. tveng, m., a) a strap; b) a small piece of wood with which the iron of a joiner’s plane is fastened; O.N. þvengr, m., a strap; latchet. “dwang” in L.Sc. designates a lever. For the change þ > d in Shetl. see Introd. V (also N.Spr. VII), § 36.

dwarg [dwarg], sb., 1) haste; speed; to geng wi’ a d.; he guid [‘went’] wi’ a d. upon him; Nm. 2) a) a passing shower, usually with wind; a light shower passing at a distance; Nm., De. occas., L.; b) a heavy, passing shower (Uⁿ.), a d. o’ a shooer [‘shower’]; he “is on” a d., a shower is on (Uⁿ.); c) a light shower (Y^m.). dwarek [dwarək], a passing shower (De. occas.). — Besides dwarg, the forms darg [darg] and dwerg [dwærg, dwɛrg (dwerg)] are also found in Unst; darg is used in the foll. senses: a) a burst; rush, he cam wi’ a d., he came rushing (Uⁿ.); b) a violent, passing shower (U^s.). dwerg is: a) = dwarg 2 b (thus, in Uⁿ.: dwɛrg, dwerg); b) = darg b (thus, in U^s.: dwærg). — No. dorg, f., run; speed.

dwarg [dwarg], vb., to move speedily, esp. of a passing squall (Nm.); de shooer [‘shower’] guid [‘went’] dwargin ower [‘over’] de sky. Sw. dial. dårga, vb., to rush off; Icel. dorga, vb., to chase; strive (also: to fish with a floating hand-line); No. dyrgja, vb., to hasten; to run to (in Aa., doubtful).

dwarm [dwarm], sb., a very light slumber; a nap; he’s fa’en [‘fallen’] in a d. Fo. In the same sense dwemer [dwəmər]: Du.; I was upon a d. (for *dwerm?). dwarm, in any case, seems to be the same word as No. dorm (durm), m., a nap; light sleep; for the development of sound, cf. dwarg (dwerg), sb., from *dorg, and dwaver, vb., from dover. dwemer is somewhat more uncertain. On Wests. a form dwamer [dwāmər] is found, which appears to be a deriv. of the commonly used dwam [dwām, dwam] in the same sense; the latter is L.Sc. dwaum (dualm, dwalm), sb., a swoon. dwamer might be thought to have arisen from dwarm by metathesis of r and m.

dwarm [dwarm], vb., to doze, to sit dwarmin. Fo. dwemer (from *dwerm?) [dwəmər], to d. ower [‘over’], to fall into a light slumber, Du. Icel., No. and Sw. dial. dorma, vb., to slumber (Lat. dormire, to sleep). For the development of sound, see dwarm, sb. On Wests.: dwamer [dwāmər] is prob. a deriv. of the comm. dwam [dwām, dwam], to d. ower (to fall into a slumber), to sit dwamin — of L.Sc. origin (dualm, dwaum; see under dwarm, sb.). dwamer might, however, also be thought to have arisen from dwarm by metathesis of r and m. Cf. dwaver, vb.

dwars [dwa‘rs], vb., prop. to place (oneself) crosswise or to go crosswise; to take, or give something, a crosswise direction; noted down in the foll. applications: 1) vb. a., in the expr. “to d. de grund [grȯnd, grønd]”, to set the long-line across the fishing-ground (Nm.; De.), really, to go athwart the ground. 2) vb. n., to idle aimlessly about, to geng dwarsin aboot. Nmⁿ. (N.Roe). — Probably a deriv. of O.N. þverr, adj., crosswise; athwart; cf. O.N. (Icel.) þvera, vb., to give something a crosswise direction, O.N. þverask, vb., to turn athwart, and No. tvera, vb., a) to get oneself in a cross temper; b) to walk aimlessly,first to one side then to the other (R.). — The Shetl. form, ending in s, is most prob. formed on the analogy of the adverb; see dwars, adv. — Fær. tvassa, to go plashing in mud, given under dwog, sb., doubtless differs from the Shetl. dwars, vb. 2.

dwars [dwa‘rs], adv., across; athwart, in a slanting direction or position; de nail is driven in d. (Nm^w.). O.N. þvers, adv., across, in the opposite direction, prop. gen. of the adj. þverr, crosswise.

dwaver [dwāvər], sb., a doze. Fe. Prob. from dover, sb. See dwaver, vb.

dwaver [dwāvər], vb., to take a light sleep; to doze (for a moment), to d. ower. Fe. Prob. from dover, vb., through infl. of dwam, dwamer, vb. For a change o > wa cf. dwarg, sb. and vb., from *dorg.

dwäit [dwäit], dwäita [dwäita], dwäitek [dwäitək], sb., a small, insignificant, weak and stunted being, a d. o’ a ting. Nm. Etym. uncertain.

dwälj [dwäᶅ], vb., to idle away the time; dawdle about, to geng dwäljin aboot. Yⁿ. O.N. dvelja, vb., a) to delay; retard; prolong; b) to linger, loiter, = dveljask. Cf. dagdwälj, vb.

dwemer, sb. and vb., see dwarm, sb. and vb.

dwerg, sb., see dwarg, sb.

dwetl (dwitl), dwetel (dwitel) [dwetəl, dwɩtəl, dwətəl], vb., to wash slightly; rinse (clothes), to d. i’ de water. N.Roe. *þvætla. Fær. tvætla, vb., to wash a few things (fig. to jabber; tattle); O.N. þvætta (from þvá), vb., to wash. Cf. twäittel (twäitl), vb., and twidel, sb.

†dwimmis [dwɩmɩᶊ], vb., to dwindle; of an object: to diminish; to taper. Du. A mingling of “dwine” and “diminish”?

dwo, sb., see do, sb.

dwog [dwō^əg], sb., 1) mud; mire; (small) puddle; a dirty place. 2) a dirty streak on clothes, streak which cannot be washed out; dirty dwogs on claes [‘clothes’]. N.Roe. — Orig. prob. from an old *þvag; Icel. þvag, No. and Fær. tvag, n., (strong) washing-lye, urine. The word has prob. had a wider root-meaning, such as mud; moisture; cf. No. tvaga and tvagla, vb., to soil; splash; go about in wet or storm, etc. (Fær. tvassa, vb., to go plashing in mud, doubtless for *tvagsa). *þvag > dwog would be a regular development of sound in Shetl. — dwog 2 is doubtless a later development of the meaning of dwog 1.

dwolos, dwo-less, adj., see dolos, do-less.

dæsket [dǣskət], adj., see desket.

dø [dø̄], sb., a miry place; swamp; bog; de coo [‘cow’] is gane [‘gone’] i’ de dø. Fe. In place-names occas. also do [dō] (Ai.). O.N. dý, n., mire. See dien, sb.

døll [døl], vb., to hang dangling. M^l. Parallel form to dill, vb.

dølos, dø-less [dø̄ləs, dø̄lɛs, dø̄^ə-], adj., lazy; inactive; unwilling to work. comm. More rarely dulos, duless [dūt^əs, dūles]: N.Roe. dølos may originate from an old *dygð(ar)lauss; O.N. dygðarlauss, adj., incapable; useless, from dygð, f., virtue; strength; good quality. dulos prob. springs from a *duglauss; Icel. duglauss, No. duglaus, adj., weak; incapable. — dølos, dulos, differ somewhat in meaning from dolos [O.N. dáðlauss], which denotes lack of ability, while the words first mentioned denote lack of will.

*døm [døm], sb., an example, O.N. dœmi; now only preserved in the gen. form døms, used adverbially; see the foll. word.

døms [døms], a-døms [adøms·], an adverbial expr., as, for example; a-døms o’ mysell [‘-self’]. S.Sh. (Du., Conn.). Prop. gen. of an obs. substantive *døm, with dropped prep. til: to. O.N. dœmi, n., an example, that by which a statement is proved; til dœmis, in proof of, for example.

*dønna [døᶇa] and *dønni [døᶇɩ], sb., the door (def. form): also handed down in the form *donna [dȯᶇa]. Only reported in the now obs. expr.: opa (oba) d.! open the door! Conn. O.N. dyrnar, def. form of dyrr, f. pl., door.

dørk [dø‘rk], vb., to hold out; to continue one’s work or project as long as possible, esp. in the phrase “to d. him, d. him ut”, = to dree ut (L.Sc. dre, dree, drey). Occas. also dork [dȯ‘rk]. Examples: we dørked (dorked) him ut; he’s a ill [‘bad’] night for gaun [‘going’] to Skaw (Uⁿ.), but we’re “strong inside” (= have got a good dram), so we can d. him a while; he’s eased noo [‘now’], so we’ll d. him a while, the tide is slackening, so we will continue fishing a while; dey’re dørkin (dorkin) him weel [‘well’] ut de day [‘to-day’], they are staying long to-day on the fishing-grounds in spite of the bad weather. Uⁿ. dørk for *dørg from an older *drøg; O.N. drýgja, vb., to make to keep longer (drjúgr), to augment, etc. (No. drygja). See *drøg, adj.

dørkable [dø‘r··kab·əl] and dorkable [dȯ‘r··kab·əl], adj., usable; serviceable (in carrying out a work or project); esp. of weather: d. wadder; he is gaun [‘going’] to be a d. day, it will surely be a fairly good day (e.g. for fishing, field-work, spring- or harvest-work). U. Deriv. of dørk (dork), vb.

døs [døs], sb. and vb., = dos, sb. and vb.; q.v.

†Døt [døt], sb., in the phrase “de man upo D.”, used of a person whom, during conversation, one wants to refer to without mentioning his name: “him you know”, etc. Yⁿ. Cf. hannepaa, hannister, haipernor, Owik, Og (under Owik).

 

1. Original: somehwat was amended to somewhat: detail
2. Original: drumbed was amended to drumbet: detail