Boston Cooking-School Cook Book/Chapter 28

by Fannie Farmer

Chapter XXVIII. PIES.

PASTE for pies should be one-fourth inch thick and rolled a little larger than the plate to allow for shrinking. In dividing paste for pies, allow more for upper than under crusts. Always perforate upper crusts that steam may escape. Some make a design, others pierce with a large fork.

Flat rims for pies should be cut in strips three-fourths inch wide. Under crusts should be brushed with cold water before putting on rims, and rims slightly fulled, otherwise they will shrink from edge of plate. The pastry-jagger, a simple device for cutting paste, makes rims with fluted edges.

Pies requiring two crusts sometimes have a rim between the crusts. This is mostly confined to mince pieces, where there is little danger of juice escaping. Sometimes a rim is placed over upper crust. Where two pieces of paste are put together, the under piece should always be brushed with cold water, the upper piece placed over, and the two pressed lightly together; otherwise they will separate during baking.

When juicy fruit is used for filling pies, some of the juices are apt to escape during baking. As a precaution, bind with a strip of cotton cloth wrung out of cold water and cut one inch wide and long enough to encircle the plate. Squash, pumpkin, and custard pies are much less care during baking when bound. Where cooked fruits are used for filling, it is desirable to bake crusts separately. This is best accomplished by covering an inverted deep pie plate with paste and baking for under crust. Prick with a fork before baking. Slip from plate, and fill. For upper crusts, roll a piece of paste a little larger than the pie plate, prick, and bake on a tin sheet.

For baking pies, eight inch perforated tin plates are used. They may be bought shallow or deep. By the use of such plates the under crust is well cooked. Pastry should be thoroughly baked and well browned. Pies require from thirty-five to forty-five minutes for baking. Never grease a pie plate; good pastry greases its own tin. Slip pies, when slightly cooled, to earthen plates.

Apple Pie I

4 or 5 sour apples	1/8 teaspoon salt
1/3 cup sugar	1 teaspoon butter
1/4 teaspoon grated nutmeg	1 teaspoon lemon juice
Few gratings lemon rind

Line pie plate with paste. Pare, core, and cut the apples into eighths, put row around plate one-half inch from edge, and work towards centre until plate is covered; then pile on remainder. Mix sugar, nutmeg, salt, lemon juice, and grated rind, and sprinkle over apples. Dot over with butter. Wet edges of under crust, cover with upper crust, and press edges together.

Bake forty to forty-five minutes in moderate oven. A very good pie may be made without butter, lemon juice, and grated rind. Cinnamon may be substituted for nutmeg. Evaporated apples may be used in place of fresh fruit. If used, they should be soaked over night in cold water.

Apple Pie II

Use same ingredients as for Apple Pie I. Place in small earthen baking-dish and add hot water to prevent apples from burning. Cover closely, and bake three hours in very slow oven, when apples will be a dark red color. Brown sugar may be used instead of white sugar, a little more being required. Cool, and bake between two crusts.

Blackberry Pie

Pick over and wash one and one-half cups berries. Stew until soft with enough water to prevent burning. Add sugar to taste, and one-eighth teaspoon salt. Line plate with paste, put on a rim, fill with berries (which have been cooled); arrange six strips pastry across the top, cut same width as rim; put on an upper rim. Bake thirty minutes in moderate oven.

Blueberry Pie

21/2 cups berries	1/2 cup sugar
Flour	1/8 teaspoon salt

Line a deep plate with Plain Paste, fill with berries slightly dredged with flour; sprinkle with sugar and salt, cover, and bake forty-five to fifty minutes in a moderate oven. For sweetening, some prefer to use one-third molasses, the remaining two-thirds to be sugar. Six green grapes (from which seeds have been removed) cut in small pieces much improve the flavor, particularly where huckleberries are used in place of blueberries.

Cranberry Pie

11/2 cups cranberries	1/2 cup water
3/4 cup sugar

Put ingredients in saucepan in order given, and cook ten minutes; cool, and bake in one crust, with a rim, and strips across the top.

Currant Pie

1 cup currants	1/4 cup flour
1 cup sugar	2 egg yolks
2 tablespoons water

Mix flour and sugar, add yolks of eggs slightly beaten and diluted with water. Wash currants, drain, remove stems, then measure; add to first mixture and bake in one crust; cool, and cover with Meringue I. Cook in slow oven until delicately browned.

Cream Pie

Bake three crusts on separate pie plates. Put together with Cream Filling and dust over with powdered sugar. If allowed to stand after filling for any length of time, the pastry will soften.

Custard Pie

2 eggs	1/8 teaspoon salt
3 tablespoons sugar	11/2 cups milk
Few gratings nutmeg

Beat eggs slightly, add sugar, salt, and milk. Line plate with paste, and build up a fluted rim. Strain in the mixture and sprinkle with few gratings nutmeg. Bake in quick oven at first to set rim, decrease the heat afterwards, as egg and milk in combination need to be cooked at low temperature.

Date Pie

2 cups milk	2 eggs
1/3 pound sugar dates	1/4 teaspoon salt
Few gratings nutmeg

Cook dates with milk twenty minutes in top of double boiler. Strain, and rub through sieve, then add eggs and salt. Bake same as Custard Pie.

Lemon Pie I

1/2 cup chopped apple	1/4 cup rolled common crackers
1 cup sugar	2 tablespoons lemon juice
1 beaten egg	Grated rind 1 lemon
1 teaspoon melted butter

Mix ingredients in order given and bake with two crusts.

Lemon Pie II

3/4 cup sugar	2 egg yolks
3/4 cup boiling water	3 tablespoons lemon juice
2 tablespoons corn-starch	Grated rind 1 lemon
2 tablespoons flour	1 teaspoon butter

Mix corn-starch, flour, and sugar, add boiling water, stirring constantly. Cook two minutes, add butter, egg yolks, and rind and juice of lemon. Line plate with paste same as for Custard Pie. Turn in mixture which has been cooled, and bake until pastry is well browned. Cool slightly, and cover with Meringue I; then return to oven and bake meringue.

Lemon Pie III

Yolks 4 eggs	11/4 cups milk
6 tablespoons sugar	Whites 4 eggs
Few grains salt	7/8 cup powdered sugar
1 lemon

Beat yolks of eggs slightly, add sugar, salt, grated rind of lemon, and milk. Line plate with paste as for Custard Pie. Pour in mixture. Bake in moderate oven until set. Remove from oven, cool slightly, and cover with Meringue III made of whites of eggs, powdered sugar, and lemon juice.

Lemon Pie IV

3 eggs	1/4 cup lemon juice
2/3 cup sugar	Grated rind 1/2 lemon
2 tablespoons water

Beat eggs slightly, add sugar, lemon juice, grated rind, and water. Bake in one crust in a moderate oven. Cool slightly, cover with Meringue II, then return to oven and bake meringue.

Lemon Pie V

1 cup sugar	1 cup milk
3 tablespoons flour	1 tablespoon melted butter
3 tablespoons lemon juice
Yolks 2 eggs	Whites 2 eggs
Few grains salt

Mix sugar and flour, add lemon juice, egg yolks slightly beaten, milk, butter, whites of eggs beaten stiff, and salt. Bake in one crust, and cover with meringue or not, as desired.

Mince Pies

Mince pies should be always baked with two crusts. For Thanksgiving and Christmas pies, Puff Paste is often used for rims and upper crusts, but is never satisfactory when used for under crusts.

Mince Pie Meat I

4 lbs. lean beef	3 lbs. currants
2 lbs. beef suet	1/2 lb. finely cut citron
Baldwin apples	1 quart cooking brandy
3 quinces	1 tablespoon cinnamon and mace
3 lbs. sugar	1 tablespoon powdered clove
2 cups molasses	2 grated nutmegs
2 quarts cider	1 teaspoon pepper
4 lbs. raisins, seeded and cut in pieces	Salt to taste

Cover meat and suet with boiling water and cook until tender, cool in water in which they are cooked; the suet will rise to top, forming a cake of fat, which may be easily removed. Finely chop meat, and add it to twice the amount of finely chopped apples. The apples should be quartered, cored, and pared, previous to chopping, or skins may be left on, which is not an objection if apples are finely chopped. Add quinces finely chopped, sugar, molasses, cider, raisins, currants, and citron; also suet, and stock in which meat and suet were cooked, reduced to one and one-half cups. Heat gradually, stir occasionally, and cook slowly two hours; then add brandy and spices.

Mince Pie Meat II

5 cups chopped cooked beef	Juice 2 lemons
21/2 cups chopped suet	Juice 2 oranges
71/2 cups chopped apples	1 tablespoon mace
3 cups cider	Cinnamon	2 tablespoons each
1/2 cup vinegar	Clove
1 cup molasses	Allspice
5 cups sugar	2 nutmegs grated
3/4 lb. citron, finely chopped	2 tablespoons lemon extract
21/2 cups whole raisins	1 teaspoon almond extract
11/2 cups raisins, finely chopped	11/2 cups brandy
Salt	3 cups liquor in which beef was cooked

Mix ingredients in the order given, except brandy, and let simmer one and one-half hours; then add brandy and shavings from the rind of the lemons and oranges.

English Mince Meat

5 lbs. raisins, seeded		5 lbs. currants
5 lbs. suet	finely chopped	5 lbs. light brown sugar
5 lbs. apples		1/2 teaspoon mace
4 lbs. citron		1/2 teaspoon cinnamon
11/2 lbs. blanched almonds		21/2 cups brandy

Cook raisins, suet, apples, citron, currants, and sugar slowly for one and one-half hours; then add almonds, spices, and brandy.

Mince Meat (without Alcoholic Liquor)

Mix together one cup chopped apple, one-half cup raisins seeded and chopped, one-half cup currants, one-fourth cup butter, one tablespoon molasses, one tablespoon boiled cider, one cup sugar, one teaspoon cinnamon, one-half teaspoon cloves, one-half nutmeg grated, one salt-spoon of mace, and one teaspoon salt. Add enough stock in which meat was cooked to moisten; heat gradually to boiling-point, and simmer one hour; then add one cup chopped meat and two tablespoons Barberry Jelly. Cook fifteen minutes.

Mock Mince Pie

4 common crackers, rolled	1 cup raisins, seeded and chopped
11/2 cups sugar
1 cup molasses	1/2 cup butter
1/3 cup lemon juice or vinegar	2 eggs well beaten
Spices

Mix ingredients in order given, adding spices to taste. Bake between crusts. This quantity will make two pies.

Mock Cherry Pie

Mix one cup cranberries cut in halves, one-half cup raisins seeded and cut in pieces, three-fourths cup sugar, and one tablespoon flour. Dot over with one teaspoon butter. Bake between crusts.

Peach Pie

Remove skins from peaches. This may be done easily after allowing peaches to stand in boiling water one minute. Cut in eighths, cook until soft with enough water to prevent burning; sweeten to taste. Cool, and fill crust previously baked. Cover with whipped cream, sweetened and flavored. Fresh strawberries, cut in halves, slightly mashed and sweetened, are attractively served in a pastry case.

Prune Pie

1/2 lb. prunes	1 tablespoon lemon juice
1/2 cup sugar (scant)	11/2 teaspoons butter
1 tablespoon flour

Wash prunes and soak in enough cold water to cover. Cook in same water until soft. Remove stones, cut prunes in quarters, and mix with sugar and lemon juice. Reduce liquor to one and one-half tablespoons. Line plate with paste, cover with prunes, pour over liquor, dot over with butter, and dredge with flour. Put on an upper crust and bake in a moderate oven.

Rhubarb P

11/2 cups rhubarb	1 egg
7/8 cup sugar	2 tablespoons flour

Skin and cut stalks of rhubarb in half-inch pieces before measuring. Mix sugar, flour, and egg; add to rhubarb and bake between crusts. Many prefer to scald rhubarb before using; if so prepared, losing some of its acidity, less sugar is required.

Squash Pie I

11/4 cups steamed and strained squash	1/4 teaspoon cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, or
1/4 cup sugar	1/2 teaspoon lemon extract
1/2 teaspoon salt	1 egg
7/8 cup milk

Mix sugar, salt, and spice or extract, add squash, egg slightly beaten, and milk gradually. Bake in one crust, following directions for Custard Pie. If a richer pie is desired, use one cup squash, one-half cup each of milk and cream, and an additional egg yolk.

Squash Pie II

1 cup squash, steamed and strained	4 tablespoons brandy
	Cinnamon	1 teaspoon each
1 cup heavy cream	Nutmeg
1 cup sugar	Ginger	3/4 teaspoon each
3 eggs, slightly beaten	Salt
1/4 teaspoon mace

Line a deep pie plate with puff paste. Brush over paste with white of egg slightly beaten, and sprinkle with stale bread crumbs; fill, and bake in a moderate oven. Serve warm.

Pumpkin Pie

11/2 cups steamed and strained pumpkin	1/2 teaspoon ginger
	1/2 teaspoon salt
2/3 cup brown sugar	2 eggs
1 teaspoon cinnamon	11/2 cups milk
1/2 cup cream

Mix ingredients sugar given and bake in one crust.