Bright's Anglo-Saxon Reader/Glossary

by James W. Bright

A

ā (ō, oo) adv aye, ever, always

ǣ f law

• ds ǣ

[Ger Ehe]

abbod m abbot

• gs abbodes

[Lat abbātem]

abbudisse f abbess

• gs abbudissan

[Lat abbētissa]

ā-bēodan (principal parts: pret sg:-bēad pret pl:-budon

pp:-boden ) 2 enjoin, announce

ā-beran (principal parts: pret sg:-bær pret pl:-bǣron pp:-boren )

4 bear, endure

ā-bīdan (principal parts: pret sg:-bad pret pl:-bidon pp:-biden ) 1

abide, remain

ā-bisgian (-bysgian) WII engage, occupy

• pp ābisgod, -ad

[bysig]

ā-bisgung f occupation

āblenden WI make blind, darken

• pp āblēnd
• pl āblende

[Ger blenden]

ā-blinnan

(principal parts: pret sg:-blann pret pl:-blunnon pp:-blunnen ) 3 cease

• 3 sg ablinð

[<be-linnan cf. līðe]

ābrecan (principal parts: pret sg:-bræc pret pl:-brǣcon pp:-brocen ) 4

break down, destroy

ā-bregdan (principal parts: pret sg:-brægd pret pl:-brugdon pp:-brogden ) 3

1. smite (intr)
2. withdraw (trans)
   • imp 2 sg ābregd

ā-brēoðan (principal parts: pret sg:-brēað pret pl:-bruðon pp:-broðen ) 2

frustrate, ruin (trans)

• imp 2 sg ābregd

ā-bȳwan WI

prepare, equip, adorn

• pp pl ābȳwde

[būan]

ac (ah) conj

but

ācennan WI beget, bring forth

• pp ācenned
• sg ācendan
• pl ācende

Achāia f Achaia

ā-cōlian WII become cool

• pp ācōlad

ācsian (āhsian, āxian, āscian) WII ask

• 1 sg ācsige
• 2 sg āhsast
• 3 sg āscað
• 1 pl ācsiað, āhsiað
• pret 3 sg āxode, āhsode
• 3 pl āxodon, ācsedon

ā-cweccan WI shake (trans and intr)

• pret 3 sg ācwehte

ā-cwelan (principal parts: pret sg:-cwæl pret pl:-cwǣlon pp:-cwolen )

4 die

• pret opt 3 sg ācwǣle

ā-cwellan WI

kill

• imp 2 sg ācwel
• 2 pl ācwellað
• pret 3 sg ācwælde
• pp ācweald

[cwelan]

ā-cweðan (principal parts: pret sg:-cwæð pret pl:-cwǣdon

pp:-cweden ) 5 speak

• 3 sg ācwið

ā-cȳþan

WI reveal, proclaim

[cūð]

ād m fire, funeral pile

• ds āde
• as ād
• is āde

[OHG eit, Gr αῖθος]

ād-lēg m flame of the pyre

ā-dīlegian (-dȳlegian) WII blot out, obliterate

• pret 3 sg ādīlegode
• pp pl -dȳlegode

[Ger tilgen]

ādl f (n)

disease

• gs ādle
• ap ādla

ādlig

adj diseased, sick

• n ādliga

ā-drǣfan WI

drive away, expel

• pret 3 sg ādrǣfde
• pl -don

ǣdre

adv forthwith, quickly

ā-drēogan (principal parts: pret sg:-drēah pret pl:-drugon pp:-drogen ) 2

endure, experience, practice

ā-drīfan (principal parts: pret sg:-drāf pret pl:-drifon pp:-drifen ) 1 drive away

• 3 sg ādrīfð
• pp pl ādrifene

ā-dwǣscan WI

quench, extinguish

• pret 3 sg ādwǣscte

ā-dȳdan WI put to death

• pret 3 sg ādȳdd

[dēad]

ā-dȳlegian see:ā-dīlegian

ā-ebbian WII ebb away, recede

• pp āhebbad

āfandian

WII make trial of, experience

• pp sg āfandode

ā-faran (principal parts: pret sg:-fōr

pret pl:-fōron pp:-faren ) 6 go, march

ā-fǣran WI make afraid, terrify

• pp āfǣred

ǣ-fæstnes f piety

• ds ǣfestnisse

ā-feallan (principal parts: pret sg:-fēoll pret pl:-fēollon pp:-feallen ) R

fall

• ptc āfeallende
• 3 sg āfielð
• opt 3 sg āfealle

ā-fēdan WI feed, sustain

• 3 sg āfēdeð
• pret 3 sg āfēdde

ǣfen n evening

• ds ǣfenne

ǣfen-giefl n evening repast, supper

æfest (æfst) f n disfavor, envy, malice

[æf-ēst, OHG abunst]

ǣ-fest see:ǣw-fæst

ǣ-festnes see:ǣ-fæstnes

ā-flēon (principal parts: pret sg:-flēah pret pl:-flugon pp:-flogen ) 2

1. fly (intr)
2. fly from (trans)
   • 3 sg āflȳhð

ā-flīgan WI put to flight

• pret 2 pl āflīgdon
• pp pl āflīgdon
• pp pl āflīgde

[flēon]

ā-flȳman

WI cause to flee, drive out

• pret 3 sg āflȳmde

[flēam]

ā-forhtian

WII frighten

• pp pl āforhtode

ǣfre adv

ever

æftan adv from behind, behind

æfter prep (w dat)

1. after (time and place)
   • æfter ðissum after this (adv)
   • æfter ðæm thereafter (adv)
2. along (place)
3. according to
4. adv afterwards

æfter-fyligan WIII follow after

• ptc pl -fyligende (w dat)
• ds -fylgende, successor
• opt 3 sg -fylige (intr)

æfter-genga m

successor

• np -gengan

ā-fyllan WI fill: inf

• pp āfylled

[full]

ā-fyllan WI cause to fall, destroy

[feallan]

ā-fyrhtan WI frighten

• pp (adj) pl āfyrhte

ā-fyrran WI remove, take away

• 3 sg āfyrð, āfyrreþ
• opt 3 sg āfyrre
• pp āfyrred

[feorr]

ā-fȳsan WI

1. hasten forth (intr)
2. incite to go (trans)
   • pp āfȳsed

[fūs]

ǣg n egg

• ds ǣge

āgan PP possess

• ger āgenne
• 1 sg āh
• 3 sg
• opt 3 sg āge
• pret 3 sg āhte

[Mod own]

ā-gān (principal parts: pret sg:-ēode pp:-gān ) go

• pp pl āgāne

agēn see:ongēan

āgen (pp) adj

own

• ds āgnum
• as āgen, āgenne
• gp āgenra

[āgan]

ā-gēotan (principal parts: pret sg:-gēat pret pl:-guton pp:-goten ) 2

pour, shed

• ptc āgēotende

[Ger giessen]

ā-gētan WI

injure, kill: pp āgēted

ā-gifan (-giefan -gyfan) (principal parts: pret sg:-geaf pret pl:-gēafon pp:-gifen ) 5 give, relinquish, return

• pret 3 sg āgef
• pret opt 3 pl āgēafen

ǣg-hwā pron

each, every

• gs ǣghwǣs, adv, in every respect, entirely

ǣg-hwǣr adv everywhere

ǣg-hwæðer (ǣgðer, āðer)

1. pron, each (one of two or more)
   • ns ǣgðer
   • gs ǣgðres
   • ds ǣgðrum
   • as ǣgþerne
2. conj
   • ǣg-hwæþer ge ... ge both ... and
   • ǣgðer ge ... ge both ... and
   • āðer oððe oððe either ... or

ǣg-hwilc pron each

ǣg-hwonan

adv from all sides, on all sides

āglǣca (ǣglǣca) m monster, fiend

• np āglǣcan

[Goth aglaiti]

āgnian WII possess, assume as one's own

• 3 pl āgniað

[āgen]

ǣgðer see:ǣg-hwæðer

ā-gyldan (-gieldan) (principal parts: pret sg:-geald

pret pl:-guldon pp:-golden ) 3

1. repay, requite
2. punish

ā-gyltan WI offend, sin

• opt 3 pl āgylten
• pret 1 pl āgylton
• pp āgylt

ah (ac) conj but

ā-hebbad see:ā-ebbian

ā-hebban (principal parts: pret sg:-hōf pret pl:-hōfon pp:-hafen )

6 heave, life, raise, exalt

• 2 pl āhebbe
• imp 2 pl āhebbað
• opt 3 pl āhebban

ā-hōn (principal parts: pret sg:-hēng pret pl:-hēngon pp:-hangen ) R

hang (trans)

• imp 2 sg āhōh
• pret 2 sg āhēnge

ā-hreddan WI save, deliver, rescue

• ger āhredenne
• 1 sg āhredde
• opt 3 sg āhredde
• pret 3 sg āhredde
• 3 pl -don

ā-hrēosan (principal parts: pret sg:-hrēas pret pl:-hruron pp:-hroren ) 2 fall

• opt 3 sg āhrēose

āhsian see:ācsian

ǣht f

possession, property

• ap ǣhta

[āgan]

ǣht-ge-strēon n

possession, riches

ā-hȳdan WI hide

• pp āhȳded

ā-īdligan WI profane

ā-lǣdan WI

1. lead, conduct
   • 3 sg ālǣdeð; ālæt
   • imp 2 sg ālǣd
   • pp ālǣdd
   • np ālǣdde
2. proceed, grow
   • pret opt 3 sg ālǣde

ǣlan WI trans and intrans kindle, burn

• 3 sg ǣleð
• pp ǣled

ǣlc pron subst and adj each, any

• gs ǣlces
• ds ǣlcum; ǣlcon; ǣlcere
• as ǣlc
• is ǣlce

ælde (ielde, ylde) m pl men

• gp ælda

[eald]

aldor see:ealdor

aldor-monn (ealdor-) m chief, magistrate

• gs -monnes
• np -men

ā-lecgan WI

lay down, allay, overcome, refute

• 3 pl ālecgað
• pret 3 sg ālēde
• 3 pl ālēdon
• pp ālēd

[licgan]

ǣled m

fire

ā-lēfan see:ā-lȳfan

ā-lēogan (principal parts: pret sg:-lēah pret pl:-lugon

pp:-logen ) 2 lie, deny (w dat of pers and acc of thing)

• 3 sg ālīhð

æl-fremed see:el-fremed

æl-gylden adj of pure gold

• ap -gyldene

all see:eall

ælmes-georn adj liberal of alms, charitable

• np -georne

ælmesse f alms

• ds almyssan
• as ælmessan

[(Gr) Lat eleēmosyna]

æl-mihtig

adj almighty

• ns [???] ælmehtiga
• gs ælmehtigan
• ds ælmihtegum

æl-þēodig see:el-þēodig

æl-þēodisc see:el-þēodisc

ā-lybban WIII live

ālȳfan (-lēfan) WI allow, permit, grant (w dat of pers and acc of thing)

• pp ālȳfed, ālēfed

ā-lȳsan WI loosen, release, ransom

• pret 3 sg ālȳsde, ālēsde
• pp pl ālȳsede

amang see:on-ge-mong

ambor m measure

• gp ambra

[Ger Eimer]

ambyre adj favorable

• as ambyrne

[<and-byre]

ā-merian WI free from dross, purify, refine

• pp pl āmerede

ā-metan 5 measure, estimate

ā-myrran WI mar, destroy, hinder

• pret 3 sg āmyrde

an see:unnan

ān num adj

1. one, certain one (indef art), a, an
   • ns ān
   • ds ānum, ānre [???]
   • as ǣnne, ānne, ān
   • gp ānra
   • on ān right on, continuously
   • ānra gehwæs of each one
2. alone
   • ns āna
   • as ānne
   • ap āna, ān
   • þæt ān only that

an-be-stingan 3 thrust in, insert

• pp pl -stungnan

an-bīdan see:on-bīdan

and (ond) conj and

anda m zeal, indignation, malice, injury

• ds andan

[Ger ahnden]

and-bidian WII wait

• pret opt 1 sg -bidode

an-dēfn f fitting amount, proportion

• ds andēfne

[dafenian]

andetnis f confession

• as -nysse

andettan (ondettan)

WI confess, acknowledge

• ptc ondettende
• sg andette, ondette
• imp andettað

[and-hātan]

and-fenge adj acceptable

[fōn]

and-giet (-git) n intelligence, reason, sense, meaning

• gs andgites
• ds andgiete
• as andgit, ondgit

and-gitfull adj intelligent

and-gitfullīce adv intelligibly

• supl -gitfullīcost

and-lang adj continuous, entire

• as -langne

and-leofen

f living, food, sustenance

• ds -leofne

an-drǣden see:on-drǣden

Andred m the 'Weald' (the great forest in Kent and Sussex)

and-swarian see:ond-swarian

and-swaru (ond-) f answer

• as -sware

and-weard

adj present

• gs andweardan
• ds -werdan
• dp -werdum, ondweardum

and-wlita m countenance, appearance

• gs -wlitan

[wlītan; Ger Antlitz]

and-wyrdan WI answer

• pret 1 sg andwyrde

ān-faldnes adj unity, simplicity

• gs -nesse

ān-feald adj one-fold, single, unmixed, superior

• ds ān-fealdan

ān-fealdlīche adv in the singular number

ān-for-lǣtan (principal parts: pret sg:-lēt pret pl:-lēton pp:-lǣten )

R leave, abandon

• 1 pl -aþ
• pret opt 3 sg ānforlēte

Angel n Anglen (Denmark)

• ds Angle

Angel-cynne (Ongel)

n Angle kin, English people, England

• ds -cynne
• as -cynn, -cyn, Ongelcyn

an-ge-weald (=an-weald) power, dominion

an-ginn see:on-ginn

Angle m pl

the Angles, Anglicans, English

an-grīslīc adj grisly, hideous, horrible

ān-grȳsenlīce (-grīsenlīce) adv hideously

ān-haga (-hoga) m solitary, recluse, wanderer

• as ānhagan

anhangen see:on-hōn

ānig adj only

ǣnig

pron adj any

• ds ǣnegum
• as ǣnig, ǣnigne

an-līc see:on-līc

ǣn-līc adj unique, peerless, excellent

ān-līcnes

see:on-līcnes

ān-līpig (ǣn-līpig ān-lēpe) adj single, individual

• as ān-lēpne
• np ǣlīpige

ān-mēdla (on-) m arrogance

• np -mēdlan

[mōd]

ān-mōdlīce adv unanimously

ān-mōdnes

f unanimity

• as -nesse

ān-nis f

unity

• as -nysse

ān-rǣd (on-) adj resolute

ān-rǣdnis f constancy

• ds -nysse

an-settan WI put upon, impose

ān-streces (gen) adv continuously

an-sund see:on-sund

an-sundnis see:on-sundnis

an-sȳn

see:on-sīen

Ante-crȳst m Antichrist

• gs -crȳsted

an-ðrǣce see:on-ðrǣce

ān-weald see:on-weald

apostol m apostle

• gs apostoles
• ds apostole
• as apostol
• np apostolī
• gp apostola
• ap apostolas

apostolīc adj apostolic

• ds -līcan
• as -līce

æppel m apple

• gs æples
• as æppel

æpplian WII make into the form of apples, emboss

• pp sg æpplede

Apulder m Appledore

• ds Apuldre

ār m

1. honor, favor, mercy
   • gs āre
2. property, possessions
   • as āre

[Ger Ehre]

ār m messenger

• gs āres

[Goth airus]

ār f oar

• gp āra

ǣr comp adj former, preceding

• ap ǣrran
• supl ns ǣreste

ǣr

1. comp adv earlier, formerly, before
   • comp ǣror
   • supl ǣrest
2. conj ere, before that (usually followed by the opt)
3. prep (w dat) before (time)

ā-rǣd adj inexorable

ā-rǣdan WI

read

ā-rǣfnan (-refnan) WI perform, endure

• imp 2 sg āræfn, ārefna
• pret 1 sg āræfnede

ā-ræfnian WII endure

• 1 sg āræfnie

ā-rǣman WI arise

• pret 3 sg āræmde

ā-rǣran WI raise, erect, build

• ptc ārǣrende
• 2 sg ārǣrst
• opt 3 sg ārǣre
• pret 3 sg ārǣrde
• 3 pl -don

[rīsan]

ærce-bisceop (arce-) m archbishop

• ds -biscepe

ǣr-dæg m former day

ā-reccean WI expound, translate, recount

• inf āreccan

ā-redian WII arrange

• 3 sg āredað

ǣren adj made of brass, brazen

• as ǣrne
• ap ǣrenan

[ār, Goth ais]

ǣrende n errand, message

ǣrend-fæst adj bound on an errand

ǣrend-ge-writ n message, letter

• as ārend-

ǣrend-raca (-wreca) m messenger

• ds -racan
• dp -wrecum

ār-fæst honorable, virtuous, merciful

• ns -fæsta

ār-fæastnis f virtue

• ds -nisse

ār-hwæt adj eager for glory

• np -hwate

ārian WII

1. honor, show favor
   • 3 sg ārað
2. desist, cease
   • imp 2 sg āra

ā-rīsan (principal parts: pret sg:-rās pret pl:-rison pp:-risen ) 1 arise

• 3 sg ārīseþ
• imp 2 sg ārīs
• 2 pl ārīsað
• opt 2 sg ārīse
• 2 pl ārīson

ǣrīst m f n resurrection

• gs ǣrīstes
• as ǣrīste

ār-lēas adj dishonorable, wicked

• ds -lēasre
• np -lēasan

arn see:yrnan

ærnan WI cause to run; ride, gallop

• 3 pl ærnað
• pret 3 pl ærndon

[yrnan]

ǣrne-merigen m early morning

ārodlīce

adv quickly, vigourously

ǣr-wacol adj early awake

ār-wurð (-weorð) worthy of honor, venerable

• as āwurðne

ār-wurðian (-weorðian) WII honor

• pret 3 sg ārwurðne

ār-wurðlīce adv honorable, reverentially

ār-wurðnis

f reverence, honor

• ds -nysse

ǣs n

food, prey, carrion

• gs ǣses

[Ger Aas]

ā-sāwan R

sow

• pp āsāwen

æsc m

1. ash, spear
   • gp asca
2. boat, ship (of Danish ships)
   • ap æscas

asce (axe) f ashes

ā-sceacan

(principal parts: pret sg:-scōc,-scēoc pret pl:-scōcon,-scēocon pp:-sceacen ) 6 shake

• ptc āsceacende
• 3 sg āscæceð
• pret 3 sg āscēoc

æsc-here m

(ash-) spear-army, ship-army

æsc-holt n spear-shaft

āscian see:ācsian

ā-scīnan (principal parts: pret sg:-scān pret pl:-scinon pp:-scinen ) 1 shine

ā-scūfan (principal parts: pret sg:-scēaf pret pl:-scufon pp:-scofen ) 2 shove, push

ā-scȳran

WI make clear, transparent

• pp āscȳred

[scīr]

ā-secgan

WIII say, relate

• pret 3 pl āsǣdon

ā-sendan WI

send

• pret 2 sg āsendest
• 3 sg āsende
• pp āsend

ā-settan WI set, place, transport oneself, go

• opt 3 sg āsette
• pret 3 pl āsettan
• pp āsett

[sittan]

ā-singan

3 sing

• pret 3 sg āsong

ā-sittan (principal parts: pret sg:-sæt

pret pl:-sǣton pp:-seten ) 5 sit fast, ground (of ships)

ā-slēan 6 strike, cut off

• pp āslagen

ā-smiþan WII forge, work

• pp āsmiþod

ā-spendan WI spend, expend

• pret 3 sg āspende
• pp āspended

ǣ-spring n spring of water, fountain

• ds ǣspringe

ā-springan 3 spring up, spread

• pret 3 sg āsprang
• 3 pl āsprungen

ā-standan 6 stand

• 3 pl āstandaþ

æstel m book-mark

[Lat hastula]

ā-stellan

WI set up, restore, establish

• 3 sg āstelleð
• pret 3 asg āstealde

ā-sterian see:ā-styrian

ā-stīgan (principal parts: pret sg:-stāg,-stāh pret pl:-stigon pp:-stigen )

1 ascend, mount (trans and intr), spring up, enter or leave a ship, go

• 3 sg āstīhð
• imp 2 sg āstīg
• 2 pl āstīgað
• pret 3 sg āstāg, āstāh

ā-stingan 3

pierce

• pret 3 pl āstungon

ā-streccan WI stretch, extend, prostrate

• opt 3 sg āstrecce
• pret 3 sg āstrehte
• pp āstreht

ā-styrian (-sterian) WI stir, agitate, move (trans)

• 3 sg āstereð
• pp pl āsterede, āstyrode (W II)

ā-sundrian WII separate (trans)

• pp asundrad
• pl asyndrode

a-sundron (-sundran) adv

asunder, apart, privately

ā-swebban WI put to sleep, quiet

• pp āswefed
• pl -ede

[swefan]

ā-syndrode see:ā-sundrian

æt

pret w dat

1. at, in (time, place, circumstance)
2. of, from (w verbs of asking, receiving, taking, buying)

ǣt

m f

1. anything to be eaten, food
   • gs ǣtes
2. the act of eating
   • ds ǣte

[etan]

æt-bregdan (principal parts:

pret sg:-brægd,-brǣd pret pl:-brugdon,-brūdon pp:-brogden,-broden ) 3 take away, deprive, release

• pret 3 sg ætbrǣd
• pp ætbrōden
• pl -brōdene

æt-ēawed see:æt-ēowian

ā-tellan WI tell, relate

• pret 3 pl ātealdon

ā-tēon

(principal parts: pret sg:-tēah pret pl:-tugon pp:-togen ) 2 draw

• 3 sg ātȳhð
• opt 3 sg ātēo
• pres opt 3 sg ātuge

ā-tēorian WII

become exhausted, fail

• pp ātēorod

æt-ēowian WII appear (intr),

show, manifest (trans)

• ger ætēowenne
• pret 1 sg ætēowde
• 3 sg ætēowode
• pp ætēawed
• pl ætēowde, ætēowode

[Goth at-augjan]

æt-foran prep (w dat) before

æt-gædere adv together

æt-lūtian WII lurk out of sight, hide

• pret 3 sg -lūtode

[cf Mod loiter]

ā-tredan 5 tread

• pret 3 sg ātræd

æt-somne adv together

æt-standan 6 stand, remain

• pret 3 sg ætstōd

āttor (ātor) n poison

• is ātre

[Ger Eiter]

āttor-bǣre adj poisonous

• as -bǣran

ǣttren (ǣtren) adj poisonous

• ns ǣtterne
• ap ǣttrynne

æt-wītan (oð) (principal parts: pret sg:-wāt pret pl:-witon pp:-witen ) 1

twit, reproach (w dat)

[cf. ed-wīt]

æt-ȳwan (-īwan) WI [cf. æt-ēowian] appear (intr), show, manifest (trans)

• 3 sg ǣtȳweð
• imp 2 sg ætȳw
• pret 3 sg ætȳwde, ātīwde

āð m oath

• ap āðas

[Ger Eid]

æðel-boren (pp) adj of noble birth

• ds -borenre

æðel-borennis f nobleness of birth

• as -nysse

æðele

adj noble, excellent

• ds æðelum
• as æðelan
• ap æðele
• supl ns æðelast

[Ger edel]

æðele adv

nobly

æðeling m noble, prince

• gs æðelinges

æðellīce adv nobly

æþelnes f nobility

æþelo f nobility

æðel-stenc m excellent fragrance

• gp -stenca

æðel-tungol n m noble star

• gp -tungla

ā-þenian WII; [S 400 n 2] stretch out

• pret 3 sg āþende

[Ger dehnen]

āðer see:ǣg-hwæðer

ā-ðindan (principal parts: pret sg:-ðond pret pl:-ðundon

pp:-ðunden ) 3 swell, puff up

ā-ðīstrian WII become dark, obscured

• 3 pl āðīstriað
• pp pl āðīstrode

[ðeostru]

Aþulfing (= æþelwulfing) m

son of æthelwulf

ā-þwēan 6 wash

• pret 3 sg āþwōh

ǣw see:ǣ

ā-wæcnan [S 392 n 1] awake (intr)

• pret 3 sg āwōc

ā-wǣgan WI annul

ā-weccan WI

awake, arouse, incite

• opt 3 sg āwecce
• pret 3 sg āweahte
• pret opt 3 sg āwehte
• 3 pl āwehton
• pp āweaht, āwreht
• pl āwehte

ā-wēdan WI rage

• pret 3 sg āwēdde

[wōd]

a-weg see:weg

ā-wegan 5 carry

ā-wendan WI turn, direct, change, translate

• pret 1 sg āwende
• pp āwend

ā-weorpan (-wurpan) (principal parts: pret sg:-wearp pret pl:-wurpon pp:-worpen ) 3 cast, overthrow, reject

ā-wēstan WI lay waste, destroy

• pp pl āwēste

ǣw-fæst (ǣ-fæst) adj law-observing, pious

• ns ǣwfasð, ǣfest
• ap ǣfeste
• supl np ǣwfæstoste

ā-wiht pron aught, anything

ǣwisc-mōd adj ashamed, abashed

• np -mōde

[Goth aiwiski]

ā-wōc see:ā-wæcnan

ā-wreht see:ā-weccan

ā-wrītan (principal parts:

pret sg:-wrāt pret pl:-writon pp:-writen ) 1 write, compose

• 1 sg āwrīte
• pp pl āwritene

ā-wunian WII abide, continue

ā-wyrdan WI

destroy

• opt 3 sg āwyrde

ā-wyrgan WI curse

• pp pl āwyrigedan

[wearg]

āxian see:āscian

ā-ȳdlian WII annul

• pp pl āȳdlode

[īdel]

B

bæc n back

• as under bæc backwards
• ofer bæc backwards

bæc-bord n left side of a ship, larboard

[Ger Backbord, Fr babord]

bǣl

n fire, funeral pyre

• gs bǣles
• is bǣle
• as bǣl

[ON bāl]

bǣl-fȳr n bale-fire, funeral or sacrificial fire

bǣl-þracu

f violence of fire

• ds -þræce

bām see:bēgen

bān n bone

• ds bāne
• as bān
• np bān

bana m murderer

• ds banan

[Mod bane]

bān-fæt n (bone-vessel) body

• ap -fatu

bǣr f bier

• as bǣre

[beran]

Bardan-īg f Bardney (Lincolnshire)

bærnan

WI burn (trans)

Basingas pl m Basing (Hants)

• dp -engum

basu adj purple (crimson)

bǣtan WI

bridle

bæð n bath, font

baþian WII bathe

be (bī, big) prep w dat inst; adv

1. (nearness) by, near, along, on
   • be ēasten w dat east of
   • be westan w dat west of
   • be norþan w dat north of
2. (metaph. proximity) by, with, according to, concerning
   • bī wrīte copy
   • be þām by that
   • by þȳ by that
   • be fullan fully, perfectly
   • be ðām concerning this
   • bī ðȳs ilcan

bēacen n beacon (the sun)

• gs bēacnes

bēacnian WII typify, indicate, show

• 3 sg bēacnað

beadu f battle

• ds beaduwe

[ON boð boðvar]

beadu-cræftig adj valiant

beadu-rǣs m rush of battle, onslaught

beadu-weorc n work of battle

• gp -weorca

be-æftan (bæftan) prep adv (w dat) behind

bēag (bēah) m ring, bracelet, collar, crown

• ap bēagas

[būgan]

bēah-gifa (bēag-) m ring-giver, lord, king

• ds -gifan

bealcettan WI belch, send forth, utter

• pret 3 sg -ette

beald (bald) adj bold

• ns (w gen)

bealdlīce (bald-) adv boldly

• supl baldlīcost

bealo (bealu)

n bale, evil, mischief

• gs bealwes

bealo-sorg f

baleful sorrow

• as -sorge

bēam m tree

• ds bēame
• as bēam
• np bēamas
• gp bēama

Bēam-flēot m Benfleet (Essex)

• ds -flēote

bearn n child, son

• ap bearn

[beran]

bearo m grove, wood

• ds bearwe
• as bearo
• np bearwas
• gp bearwa

bēatan

(principal parts: pret sg:bēot pret pl:bēoton pp:bēaten ) R beat

• ptc bēatende

be-baðian (bi-) WII bathe

• 3 sg bibaðað

Bebban-burg f Bamborough (Northumbria)

• ds byrig

be-bēodan

(principal parts: pret sg:-bēad pret pl:-budon pp:-boden ) 2

1. command, bid (w dat)
   • 1 sg -bīode
2. offer, commit, entrust
   • ptc bebēodende

be-bod n command

• as bebod
• gp -boda
• ap -bodu, -boda

[bēodan]

be-byrgan WI

bury

• ger -byrgenne
• 3 sg byrgeð
• pp -byrged

be-cēapian WII sell

be-cierran (-cirran -cyrran) WI

turn (trans)

• pp -ciered

be-clyppan (bi-) WI

embrace, seize

• 3 sg biclyppeð

[Mod clip]

be-clȳsan WI

inclose, shut in, imprison

• pp beclȳsed
• pl -clȳsde

[clūse; Lat clausus]

be-cuman 4 come, arrive

• 3 sg -cymð
• 3 pl -cumað
• opt 3 sg -cume
• pret 3 sg cwōm, cōm
• 2 pl -cōmon
• pret opt 3 sg -cōme

be-dǣlan (bi-) separate, deprive of

• pp bidǣled (w inst)

bedd n bed

• ds bedde

be-dīglian (-dȳglian -dēglian) WII obscure, bedim, conceal, keep secret

• pp -dīgled, -dȳglod, -dēglad

[dīgol]

be-ebbian WII leave aground by the ebb, strand

• pp pl beebbade

be-fæstan WI fasten, fix, put in safe keeping, entrust

• opt 2 sg -fæste
• pret 3 sg -fæste
• 3 pl -on
• pp befæst

be-feallan R

fall

• opt 2 sg -fealle

be-fēolan 3 apply oneself (w dat)

[Ger befehlen]

be-fōn (bi-) R surround, envelop, clothe, cover

• imp 2 sg -fōh
• pp -fangen
• pl -fongne, bifongen

be-foran prep (w dat)

before

be-foran adv before

be-frān see:be-frignan

be-frignan 3 ask

• pret 3 sg befrān

be-gān irreg

1. practice, perform, serve, occupy oneself with
   • opt 3 sg begā (w reflex acc)
   • pret 1 sg beēode
   • pl -ēodon, -ēodan
   • 3 pl biēodon
2. surround

be-gang m undertaking, business

bēgen (bēggen)

num adj both

• hī bū
• hīe būtū
• gyt būtū
• unc bām

be-geondan (-giondan) prep (w dat) beyond

be-gietan (-gitan, -gytan)

5 get, obtain, find

• pret 2 pl -gēaton, -gēton

be-ginnan 3

begin

• pret 3 sg begann
• pp begunnen

be-gyrdan WI begird, surround

• pp begyrdd

be-hāt

n promise

• ds -hāte
• ap -hāt

be-hātan R promise

• 3 sg -hǣt

be-healdan (bi-)

R

1. hold, occupy, guard, protect
   • 3 sg bi-healdeð
2. behold, look, observe
   • inf bi-
   • imp 2 sg beheald
   • pret 3 sg -hēold
   • 3 pl -on

be-helan (bi-) 4 conceal

• pp sg biholene

[Ger hehlen]

be-heonan (-hionan) prep (w dat) on this side of

be-hindan adv behind

be-hindan prep (w dat) behind

be-hōfian WII behoove, require

• pret 3 pl -hōfedon

be-hrēosan (bi-)

(principal parts: pret sg:-hrēas pret pl:-hruron pp:-hroren ) 2 (fall upon) cover

• pp pl bihrorene

be-hrēowsian WII rue, repent of

• 1 pl hrēowsiað

be-hrēowsung f repentance

• gs -unge

be-hwyrfan

WI change, convert

• pret 3 pl -hwyrfdon
• pp -hwyrfed

be-hȳdan (bi-) hide, conceal

• pp -hȳdd, bihȳded
• sg bihȳdde

be-limpan 3 concern, pertain, belong (intr)

• 3 sg -limpð, -limpeð
• pret 3 pl -lumpon

be-lūcan 2 lock, lock up, shut in

• imp 2 pl -lūcað
• pp -locen

bēn f prayer, petition

• gs bēne
• np bēna
• ap bēna

[cf Mod boon]

benc f bench

• ds bence

bend

m f n bond, fetter

be-niman (bi-) 4 rob, deprive of (w acc of pers and gen or inst of thing)

• 3 sg -nimð
• pret 3 sg -nam
• pp pl -numene

benn

f wound

• np benna

[bana]

bēodan

(principal parts: pret sg:bēad pret pl:budon pp:boden ) 2 offer, announce, command

• 3 sg bēodeð

bēon (bīon, wesan) irreg be, exist, become

• ger bēonne, bīonne
• 2 sg byst, bist
• 3 sg bið
• 1 pl bēo wē
• 3 pl bēoð, bīoð
• imp 2 sg bēo
• 2 pl bēoð
• opt 3 sg bēo, bīo
• 2 pl bēo gē
• 3 pl bīon
• 1 sg eom
• 2 sg eart
• 3 sg is, ys
• 3 pl synd, synt, sindon, siendon, syndon
• opt 3 sg sīe, sȳ, sig
• 3 pl sīen, sīn, sȳn
• neg 3 sg nis (<ne is), nys
• 3 sg weseð
• imp 2 sg wes
• pret 3 sg wæs, wes
• 3 pl wǣren, wǣrun, wǣran
• pret opt 3 sg wǣre
• neg pret 3 sg næs (<ne wæs)
• neg 3 pl nǣron
• neg pret opt 3 sg nǣre
• neg 3 pl nǣron
• neg pret opt 3 sg nǣre
• neg 3 pl nǣren

beorg (beorh) m hill, mountain

• np beorgas
• gp beorga

beorgan (byrgan) WI taste, partake of

• 3 sg beorgeð

beorgan (principal parts: pret sg:bearg pret pl:burgon pp:borgen ) 3 protect, preserve (w dat)

[Ger bergen]

beorh-stede m mound

beorht (biorht) adj bright, shining, glorious

• ds beorhtre
• is beorhtan
• np beorhte
• supl ns beorhtast

beorhte (biorhte) adv brightly

beorhtnis f

brightness

• ns -nys
• ds -nysse

Beormas

m pl Permians

beorn m man, retainer, hero, chief

• gs beornes
• ds beorne
• np beornas

beornan (born barn) (principal parts:

pret sg:bearn pret pl:burnon pp:bornen ) 3 burn (intr)

• 3 sg byrneð

bēot (<*bī-hāt) n boast

• as bēot
• ap bēot

• on bēot boastfully

bēotian

WII boast

• pret 3 sg bēotode

be-pǣcan WI

deceive, entice

• pp bepǣht

[fācen]

beran (principal parts: pret sg:bær

pret pl:bǣron pp:boren ) 4 bear

• ger beranne
• 2 sg byrst
• 3 sg byrð, bereð, biereð
• imp 2 pl berað
• opt 3 sg bere

be-rēafian WII bereave, rob, despoil, dispossess (w acc of pers and gen of thing)

• 3 sg -rēafað

beren adj of a bear

• as berenne, beren

be-rīdan 1 pursue, surround, overtake

• pret 3 sg -rād

be-rōwan

R row past or round (trans)

berstan (principal parts: pret sg:bærst pret pl:burston pp:borsten )

3 burst

be-rȳpan WI despoil of, plunder (w acc of pers and gen of thing)

• 3 sg berȳpð

bescūfan 2 shove, push

be-sēon (-sīon) 5

see, look (intr)

• pret 3 sg -seah
• opt 3 sg besīo (w reflex acc)
• pret opt 3 sg besāwe

be-settan (bi-) WI beset, occupy, surround, adorn

• 3 sg biseteð
• pp -seted, bi-

be-sittan (principal parts: pret sg:-sæt

pret pl:-sǣton pp:-seten ) 5 besiege

be-slēan 6 strike, cut off, deprive

• pp beslægen

be-smitennis f defilement

• as -nysse

be-standan 6 stand round, surround, beset

• 3 pl -standað
• pret 3 pl -stōdon

be-swīcan (bi-) (principal parts: pret sg:-swāc pret pl:-swicon pp:-swicen )

1 deceive, betray, offend, overcome

• 3 sg besuīcð
• pret 3 sg bi-
• pp pl beswicene

be-swīcian WII evade, escape

• pp sg beswīcade

be-tǣcan WI commit, commend, entrust

• 1 sg -tǣce
• pret 3 sg -tǣhte

bētan WI amend

[bōt]

be-teldan (bi-)

(principal parts: pret sg:teald pret pl:tuldon pp:tolden ) 3 cover, hem in, surround

• 3 sg biteldeð
• 3 pl -teldað
• pp bitolden

[cf Mod tilt; Ger Zelt]

betera

see:gōd

be-tweoh (-twih -twuh -tuh -tweohx -twux -tux) prep (w dat) between, among

• betwux ðisum meanwhile

be-twēonum (-twēonon -twȳnum -twȳnan) prep (w dat) between, among

be-tȳnan (bi-) WI close, end, enclose, imprison

• pret 3 sg -tȳnde
• 3 pl -on
• pp betȳned, bitȳned

[tūn]

be-þeccan (bi-) WI cover

• pp pl beþeahte, bi-

[Ger decken]

be-þingan (bi-) 3 beset, encircle

• pp biþrungen

[Ger dringen]

be-urne see:be-yrnan

be-wāwan (principal parts: pret sg:-wēow pret pl:-wēowon

pp:-wāwen ) R blow upon

• pp pl biwāune

[Ger wehen]

be-weaxan (bi-) R over-grow

• pp -weaxen, bi-

be-wēpan

R weep over, bewail

be-windan (bi-) 3 encircle, surround

• pp biwunden

be-witan PP oversee, have charge of, administer

• pret 3 sg bewiste

be-witigan (-witian) WII observe

be-wlītan 1 look

• pret 3 sg -wlāt

be-yrnan (principal parts: pret sg:-arn pret pl:-urnon pp:-urnen )

3 run

• pret 2 sg beurne

bi-, bī see:be-, be

bīdan (principal parts: pret sg:bād pret pl:bidon pp:biden ) 1

1. abide, remain
   • 3 sg bīdeþ
2. await, expect (w gen)

biddan (byddan) (principal parts: pret sg:bæd pret pl:bǣdon pp:beden ) 5 ask, request (acc of pers and gen of thing)

• ptc biddende
• 3 pl biddaþ
• imp 2 pl biddað
• opt 3 sg bidde
• pret 2 sg bǣde
• pret opt 3 sg bǣde

bi-drēosan (principal parts: pret sg:-drēas pret pl:-druron pp:-droren ) 2 (cause to fall away) deprive (w instr)

• pp pl bi-drorene

[cf Mod dross, dreary]

bifian (beofian) WII waver, tremble

• ptc pl bifigendan
• pret 3 pl bifedon

[Ger beben]

big-

see:bī-

bīgan (bīegan bȳgan) WI bend

• 3 sg bīgeð

[būgan]

bī-genga m inhabitant

bī-gong (bī-gang big-geng) m

worship

• gs bīgonges
• ds bīgange

bī-leofa (big-)

m sustenance, food

• ns bigleofa
• ds bigleofan

[libban]

bile-wit (bil-) adj innocent, pure, simple

• ds -witre

[cf Ger billig]

bile-witnes f innocence, purity

• gs -nesse, -nysse

bill n sword

• as bill
• is bille

[Ger bille]

bill-gesliht n clashing of swords

• gs -geslihtes

bindan (principal parts: pret sg:bond pret pl:bundon pp:bunden ) 3 bind

• 3 pl bindað
• opt 3 sg binde
• pret 3 sg band

binnan (binnon) prep adv (w dat) within (time and place)

• adv binnan

bisceop (biscop biscep) m bishop

• gs bisceopes
• ds biscepe
• as bisceop
• np biscepas
• ap bisceopas

[Lat episcopus]

bisceop-seðl (-setl) n episcopal residence

• as biscop-

bisceop-stōl m episcopal seat, bishopric

• ds -stōle, biscepstōle
• as -stōl

bismer (bismor bysmer) n m mockery, derision, insult

• ds bismre

bismerian WII mock, deride

• ptc bismriende

bi-sorgian WII care for, fear

• 3 sg bisorgað

bī-spell (big-)

n parable, example, proverb

• ds bigspelle
• as -spell, big-
• ap bigspell

[Ger Beispiel]

biter (bitter) adj bitter, severe, disastrous, fierce

• as biterne
• ap bitere
• supl as bitterestan

biternes

f bitterness, grief

• ds -nesse

bī-wist (big-) f

sustenance

• as bigwiste

[wesan]

bi-wrēon (principal parts: pret sg:-wrāh,-wrēah

pret pl:-wrigon,-wrugon pp:wrigen,wrogen ) 1 cover, enwrap

• pret 3 sg biwrāh

blāc adj shining, bright

[blīcan]

blācung f turning pale, pallor

• ds blacunge

blǣde (blēd) f blossom, fruit

• gs blēde
• np blēde
• dp blēdum
• ap blēda

[blōwan]

blǣd m blast, breath, inspiration, prosperity, riches, glory, honor

• as blǣd

[blāwan]

blǣd-dæg m prosperous day

• gp -daga

blanden-feax adj grizzly-haired

[blondan]

blæst

m blaze, flame

blǣstan WI blow (?)

• pret 3 pl blǣston

Blēcinga-ēg f Blekingen

blēd see:blǣd

blēo-brygd n (?) combination of colors

[bregdan; Mod blee]

blētsian WII bless

• 1 sg blētsige

[blōd]

blētsung f blessing

• ds -unge

blīcan (principal parts: pret sg:blāc pret pl:blicon

pp:blicen ) 1 glitter, shine

• 3 sg blīceð
• opt 3 sg blīce

[Mod blink; Ger bleichen]

blind adj blind

• ns blinda
• as blindan
• ap blynde

bliss f

bliss, joy

• gs blisse
• ds blisse, blysse
• as blisse

[<blīðs]

blissian (blissigan) WII rejoice

• inf blissigan
• ptc blissigende
• ds blissigendum
• pret 3 sg blissode

blīðe adj blithe, glad, friendly

• ds blīðum
• as blīðe
• np blīðe
• comp ns blīðra

blīðe-mōd

adj blithe of mood, friendly

• np -mōde

blōd n

blood

• is blōde

blōdig adj bloody

• as blōdigne

blondan R blend, mix, mingle

• pp geblanden, geblonden

blōstma (blōstm) m blossom, bloom, fruit

• np blōstman

blōtan (principal parts: pret sg:blēot pret pl:blēoton pp:blōten ) R sacrifice

blōwan (principal parts: pret sg:blēow pret pl:blēowon pp:blōwen ) R bloom, flourish

• ptc blōwende
• pp geblōwen

bōc f book

• gs bēc
• ds bēc
• as bōc
• np bēc
• gp bōca
• dp bōcum
• ap bēc

bōcere m learned man, scholar, scribe

• ap bōceras

bōclīc adj relating to books

boda m messenger

[Ger Bote]

bodian WII proclaim, announce, preach

• ptc bodiende
• 3 sg bodað
• pret 3 sg bodade
• pp bodad

bodung f preaching

• as -unge

bōg (bōh)

m (arm, shoulder) bough, branch

• ap bōgas

boga m

bow

• np bogan

bolster m n bolster, pillow

• ds bolstre

bord n (board) shield

• gs bordes
• as bord
• ap bord

bord-weall

m wall of shields, testudo, phalanx

bōsm m bosom

• ds bōsme

bōt f boot, advantage, reparation, remedy

• ds bōte
• as bōte

brād adj broad

• comp ns brādre, brǣdre
• supl ns brādost

brǣd f (?) young bird (?)

[bregdan]

brǣdan WI extend, spread

[brād]

brastlian WII crackle

• ptc dp brastligendum

[Ger prasseln]

breahtm m noise, revelry, music

• ds breahtme
• gp breahtma

[Ger Pracht]

brecan (principal parts: pret sg:bræc pret pl:brǣcon pp:brocen ) 4 break, destroy, break forth

• 3 sg briceð
• 3 pl brecað

bregd n (?) trick, fraud, deceit

• gp bregda

[bregdan]

bregdan (principal parts: pret sg:brægd,brǣd pret pl:brugdon,brūdon

pp:brogden,bregden ) 3

1. brandish, draw
   • opt 2 pl bregde gē
   • pret 3 sg brǣd
2. braid, weave
   • pp bregden, brogden

brego (breogo) m chief, leader, lord, king

• as brego

brember m bramble

• dp brembrum

brengan

[(cf bringan)] WI bring

• 3 sg brengð
• opt 3 sg brenge

brēost n breast

• ds brēoste
• ap brēost

brēost-cofa m breast-chamber, heart, mind

• ds -cofan

brēost-sefa m mind, heart

Bret-wālas m pl the Britons of Wales

brice (bryce) m fragment

• ap bricas

[brecan]

bricg-weard (brycg) m bridge-guard

• ap -weardas

bridd m young bird

• ns brid
• gs briddes

brim n ocean

• ap brimu

brim-cald (-ceald) adj ocean-cold

brim-fugol m sea-bird

• ap -fuglas

brim-līþend m sea-farer, pirate

• gp -līþendra

brim-monn m sea-man, pirate

• np -men
• gp -mauna

bringan [(cf brengan)] WI bring

• 3 sg bringð
• 3 pl bringað
• opt 3 sg bringe
• pret 3 sg brōhte
• 3 pl brōhton

broc n injury, affliction, disease

• ds broce
• as broc

[brecan]

brocian

WII oppress, injure, afflict

• 3 pl brociað

brōhte see:bringan

brond m brand, burning, fire

• gs brondes

brosnian WII crumble, waste away, wither, decay

• 3 pl brosniað
• pp gebrosnad
• pl -ode

[cf Ger Brosam]

brosnung f decay

• ds -unge

brōðor (brōður) m brother

• gs brōðor
• ds brēðer
• np brōðor, brōðru
• ap brōðor

brūcan (principal parts: pret sg:brēac pret pl:brucon pp:brocen ) 2 brook, use, enjoy, possess (w gen)

• 3 sg brīcð
• 3 pl brūcað

brūn

adj brown

Brunan-burh f Brunanburh (Durham ?)

brūn-ecg adj

brown edged (of a sword)

bryeg (brieg) f bridge

• as briege

brȳd f bride

• as brȳde

bryhtm m glance, twinkling

[cf breahtm]

bryne m burning, fire, flame

bryne-gield n burnt offering, sacrifice

• ds -gielde
• as -gield

Bryten f Britain

• as Brytene

brytta m distributor, dispenser

• gs bryttan

[brēotan]

Bryttas (Brittas) pl m Britons

bryttigan (bryttian) WII divide, share

Bryttisc (Brittisc) adj British

• ds Bryttiscum

bū

see:bēgen

būan (būgan) irreg

1. dwell (intr)
   • 3 pl būgeað
   • pret 3 sg būd
   • ptc dp būgigendum inhabitants
2. occupy, cultivate (trans)
   • 3 pl būgað
   • pp sg bȳne, bȳnum, gebūn, gebūd

bufon (bufan; < be-ufan) prep

1. (w dat) above
2. (w acc) on, upon

būgan (principal parts:

pret sg:bēag pret pl:bugon pp:bogen ) 2 bow, bend, turn

• 1 sg būge

bune f cup

Bunne f Bononia, now Boulogne (France)

• ds Bunnan

būr m bower, chamber

• as būr

[būan]

burg (burh) f fort, borough, city

• ns burh
• gs byrig
• ds byrig
• as burg
• ap burga

Burgenda gp m Burgundians, Burgenda land, Bornholm

burg-lēode (burh-) pl m burghers, citizens

• dp burh-

burg-ware (burh-) pl m inhabitants of a 'burg', burghers, citizens

• gp -wara
• ap -ware

burna (burne, f) m bourn, stream, fountain

• ds burnan

būr-þēn (-þegn) m chamberlain

• ds -þēne

būte

conj but

būton (būtan) prep (w dat)

1. except
2. without
3. outside

būton (būtan) conj

1. (w opt) unless
2. (w indic) except, except that, but only

būton

adv outside

Butting-tūn m Buttington

• ds -tūne

būtū se bēgen

bycgan (bicgan) WI buy

• imp 2 pl bicgað

bydel m beadle, proclaimer, herald, minister

• gp bydela
• ap bydelas

[bēodan]

byden f

measure, bushel

• ds bydene

[L L *butīna < Gr βυτινη]

byldan

WI encourage

• opt 3 sg bylde
• pret 3 sg bylde

[beald]

bȳme f trumpet

• gs bȳman
• np bȳman

bȳne see:būan

byrde adj

of high birth, rank

• supl ns byrdesta

byre m favorable opportunity

byre m child, son, descendant

• np byre

[beran]

byrgan WI taste, eat

• pret 3 pl byrgdon

byrgan WI bury

• ger byrigenne

byrgen

f grave, tomb

• ds byrgene
• as byrgenne, byrgene
• np byrgena

byrne f byrnie, corslet, coat of mail

• as byrnan

[Ger Brünne]

byrn-sweord n flaming sword

byrn-wiga

m mailed warrior

byrðen f burden

• as byrðenne, byrðene
• gp byrðenna

bȳsen (bīsen) f example

• ds bȳsene, bȳsne
• as bȳsene
• dp bīsnum, bīsenum
• ap bīsne

[Goth -būsns]

bysgian WII busy, occupy, disturb, oppress

• pp gebysgad

bysig adj busy

• np bysige

bysigo f business, concern, occupation

• dp bisgum

bȳsnian (bīsnian) WII set an example for, instruct by example

• inf bīsnian
• 3 sg bīsenað
• pret 3 pl bȳsnodon

C

cāf adj

bold, brave

• as cāfne

[ON ā-kafr]

cāflīce adv

boldly

camp m fight, battle

• ds campe

[Ger Kampf]

camp-stede m battle-field

candel (condel) f candle

• ds condelle

candel-stæf m (candle-staff) candlestick

canon m sacred canon

• gs canones

[Lat canon, Gr κανων]

Cantwara-burg f Canterbury

• ds -byrig

carc-ern (cearc-ern, cf cweart-ern)

n prison

• gs carcernes
• ds carcerne
• as carcern

[Lat carcer + ærn]

car-full (cear-) adj careful

carian (cearian)

WII care, be concerned for

• 3 sg carað

carte f

chart, card (for writing upon)

• as cartan

[Lat charta]

cāsere m

emperor

• gs cāseres

[Lat Caesar]

ceald (cald) adj

cold

• as cald
• dp caldum

ceallian

WII call

cēap m cattle

• gs cēapes

[cf Mod cheap]

cēap-stōw f market-place

cearu (cearo, caru) f

care

• ns cearo
• as ceare

ceaster

f fort, town, city

• ds ceastre

[Lat castrum]

ceaster-ge-ware

m (pl tant) citizen

• np -waran

cellod adj

curved, hollow, embossed

[Lat celatus]

cempa m warrior

• np cempan
• gp cempena

[camp]

cēne adj keen, bold

• comp ns cēnre

cēnlīce adv boldly

cennan WI beget, bring forth

• pp cenned

Cent

f Kent

ceorl m (churl) freeman (of the common class), man

• ds ceorle

cēcsan (principal parts: pret sg:cēas pret pl:curon pp:coren ) 2 choose

• 3 pl cēosað
• opt 1 sg cēose

cēpan WI

avail oneself of, take to (w gen)

• pret 3 sg cēpte

cīdan WI

chide, reproach (w dat)

• 2 sg cīddesð (dial)
• pret 2 sg cīdde

cīgan (cīegan, cȳgan) WI cry out, call

• pret 3 sg cīgde, cȳgde
• 1 pl cīgdon

cild n child

• gs cildes
• ap cild

cild-hād m childhood

• ds -hāde

cirice (cyrice, cyrce) f church

• ns cyrce
• gs ciricean, cyrcan

cirlisc adj 'churlish', rustic

• np cirlisce

[ceorl]

cirm see:cyrm

cirr (cierr, cyrr)

m turn, time, occasion

• ds cirre

[Mod char]

Cisse-ceaster

f 'Cissa's fort', Chichester

• ds -ceastre

clām see:clēa

clǣne adj clean, pure

• gs clǣnan
• as clǣne
• ap clǣne

clǣne adv entirely

clǣnnes f cleanness, purity, chastity

• ds -nisse

clǣnsung f cleansing, chastening

clāþ n cloth

• ds clāþe

clēa (cleo) f claw

• dp clām

clēofan (principal parts: pret sg:clēaf pret pl:clufon pp:clofen ) 2 cleave, split (trans)

cleopian see:clipian

clēowen n (clew), ball, globular mass

• ds clēowne

[Ger Knäuel]

clipian (clypian, cleopian) WII

1. cry out, exclaim
   • 3 sg clypað
   • pret 3 sg clypode, cleopode
2. cry unto, implore (w dat)
   • ptc dp clypigendum
   • pl cleopiað
   • imp 2 sg clypa
   • 2 pl clypiað
   • pret 3 sg clipode

[Mod obs clepe, yclept]

clūdig adj rocky

[cf Mod cloud]

clypian see:clipian

clyppan WI embrace, accept

• opt 3 sg clyppe

[Mod clip]

cnapa m boy, youth

• np cnapan
• gp cnapena

[Ger Knabe]

cnearr m ship, galley

• ns cnear

[ON knorr]

cnēo (cnēow) n knee

• ap cnēo, cnēow

cnēo-mǣg m kinsman

• dp -māgnum

cnēoriss f generation, family, tribe, people

• as -isse

cniht m boy, youth, young warrior, knight, attendant, disciple

• gs cnihtes
• as cniht
• np cnihtas, cnyhtas

cnyssan WI beat (trans)

• 3 sg cnyseð
• 3 pl cnyssað

[cf Ger Knorre]

cōlian WII cool

• 3 sg cōlaþ

collen-ferð (-ferhð)

adj proud-minded, fierce

[*cwellan]

Coln f the river Colne (Essex)

• ds Colne

corn n corn, grain

• gs cornes
• as corn

corðor n troop, flock, company

• gp corðra

costian (costigan, costnian) WII tempt try, prove

• inf costigan (w gen)
• ger costianne, costienne
• pret 1 sg constnode (w gen)

[Ger kosten]

costnian see:costian

costnung f temptation

coþu f disease

cræft m strength, might, virtue, craft, skill, art, pursuit, knowledge

• ds cræfte
• as cræft
• gp cræfta
• ap cræftas

cræftiga (cræftega) m craftsman, workman, artificer

• ns crætega

cræt n cart, chariot

• ds cræte

Crēcas (Crēacas) m pl the Greeks

• np Crēacas
• gp Crēca

crēodon (crūdan) (principal parts: pret sg:crēad pret pl:crudon pp:croden ) 2 crowd, press, hasten

• pret 3 sg crēad

cringan (principal parts: pret sg:-crong,-cronc pret pl:-crungon,-cruncon

pp:-crungen ) 3 cringe, yield, fall, die

Crīst m Christ

• ns Crīsð (dial)
• gs Crīstes
• ds Crīste

crīsten

adj Christian

• np crīstene, crīstena, crīstnan
• gp crīstenra

crīsten-dōm m christianity

• ds -dōmeymest
• as -dōm

cucu see:cwic

cumbol-gehnāst (gehnād) n conflict of banners

• gs -gehnāstes

cum-pæder m godfather in his relation to the father

[Lat compater]

cuman (principal parts: pret sg:c(w)ōm pret pl:c(w)ōmon pp:cumen ) 4 come

• ger cummanne
• sg cymst, cymest
• 3 sg cymð, cymeð
• 3 pl cumað
• opt 3 sg cume, cyme
• imp 2 sg cum
• pret 2 sg cōme
• 3 sg cwōm, cuōm, cōm
• pl cōmon
• pret opt3 sg cōme
• pp cumen

cunnen PP can, be able, know, understand (trans and intr)

• 1 sg con
• 2 sg canst
• 3 sg can
• 1 pl cunnon, cunnun
• 3 pl cunnon
• opt 3 sg cunne
• 3 pl cunnen, cunnan, cunnon
• pret 1 sg cūðe
• 2 sg cūðest
• 3 sg cūðe
• pret opt 2 sg cȳðe
• 1 pl cūðon
• 3 pl cūðen

cunnian WII prove try, examine, experience (w acc or gen)

• 3 sg cunnað
• pret 3 sg cunnode

[cunnan]

cūð adj known, familiar, manifest

• as cūðe
• gp cūðra

[pp < cunnan; Ger kund]

cūðlic adj known, certain

• comp as cūðlicre

cūðlice adv openly, clearly, certainly

cwacian WII

quake

• ptc as cwacigendan

cwalu f killing, murder, death

• ds cwale

[cwelan]

Cwāt-bryeg f Bridgenorth (Salop)

• ds -brycge

cwealm m n death, destruction, pestilence

• ds cwealme
• as cwealm

[Mod qualm]

cwealm-bǣre

adj deadly

• as -bǣran

cweart-ern [(cf carc-ern)] n

prison

• ds cwarterne

cwelan (principal parts: pret sg:cwæl pret pl:cwǣlon

pp:cwolen ) 4 die

cwellan WI kill

[cwelan; Mod quell]

cwellere m executioner

• np cwelleras

cwēman

WI please (w dat)

• ger cwēmanne

[cuman]

cwēn f queen

Cwēnas m pl a tribe of the Fins

• gp Cwēna

cweorn f quern, mill

• as cweorne

[Goth qairnus]

cweðan (principal parts: pret sg:cwæð pret pl:cwǣdon pp:cweden ) 5

say, speak

• sg cweðe
• 2 sg cwyst
• 3 sg cwið
• 3 pl cwæðað (for cweðað)
• imp 2 sg cweð
• pret 2 sg cwǣde
• pret opt 3 sg cwǣde
• 3 pl cwǣden

• gecueden named

[Mod quoth]

cwic (cwicu, cucu) adj 'quick', alive

• ns cucu
• as cwicne, cwycne
• gp cwicra

cwic-sūsl (cwyc-) n hell-torment

• gs cwycsūsles
• ds -sūsle

cwide (cwyde) m

saying, utterance

• ds cwyde
• as cuide

[cweðan]

cwide-giedd n word, utterance

• gp -giedda

cwild (cwyld)

m f n destruction, pestilence, murrain

• ds cwilde

[cwelan]

cwīþan

WI bewail (trans)

cwyc-sūsl see:cwic-sūsl

cȳf

f vessel

• as cȳfe

[Ger Kübel]

cyle (ciele)

m chill, cold

cyle-gicel m icicle

cyme m

coming

• gs cymes
• ds cyme
• as cyme

[cuman]

cyne-dōm m government, kingdom

cyne-gold n

regal gold, diadem, crown

cyne-hlāford m royal lord

cynelīc adj royal

• ap -līce

cyne-rīce n kingdom

• gs kynerīces
• is -rīce

cyne-þrymm m

kingly majesty

• as -þrym

cyng (cing) m king

• gs cynges, cinges
• ds cynge

cyning m

king

• gs cyninges
• ds cyninge
• as cyning
• np cyningas, cynegas
• gp cyninga

cynn

n kin, race, family, kind

• gs cynnes
• ds cynne
• as cynn
• gp cinna

cȳpe-cniht m boy for sale as a slave

• ap -cnihtas

cȳp(e)-monn m chapman, merchant

• np -men

cyrice, cyrce see:cirice

cyrm (cierm, cirm) m

cry, alarm

cyrran (cierran, cirran) WI turn, go, return

• 3 pl cyrrað
• pret 3 sg cyrde
• 3 pl cirdon

[Ger kehren]

cyrtel m

kirtle, coat, tunic

• as kyrtel
• ap cyrtlas

cyssan

WI kiss

• ptc cyssende
• opt 3 sg cysse

cystig adj virtuous, charitable

• ds cystigum

cȳðan

WI make known

• 3 pl cȳðað
• pret 3 sg cȳðde, cȳdde
• 3 pl cȳðdon

[cūð]

cȳððu (cȳðð) f kith, kinship, home, country

• ds cȳððe
• as cȳððe, cȳððu

D

dǣd f

deed, action

• gp dǣda
• ap dǣda

dǣd-bētan

WI make amends, repent

• ptc np dǣdbētende

dǣd-bōt f

repentance

dæg m day

• ds dæge
• as dæg
• is dæge
• gp daga
• dp dagum, dagan
• ap dagas

• gs dæges and nihtes (adv) by day and night
• ds tō dæge (adv) to-day
• as longe on dæg (adv) far on, late in the day

dæg-hwōmlīc (-hwāmlic) adj daily

• ds -līcum

dæg-hwōmlīce (-hwāmlīce)

adv daily

dæg-rēd n dawn

dægðerlīc adj

daily, present

• ds oð ðisum dægðerlīcum dæge to this present day

dæg-weorc n work of the day

• gs -weorces

dæl n dale

• np dalu

[Ger Thal]

dǣl m division, portion, part

• ds dæle
• as dǣl
• gp dǣla

• be ǣnigum dǣle to any extent
• be þǣm dǣle to that extent

dǣlan WI deal out, divide, separate, distribute

• 3 sg dǣlð, dǣleð
• opt 1 pl dǣlon
• pret 3 pl dǣldon
• pp gedǣled
• pl gedǣlde

dǣl-neomende (dial) (ptc) m partaker

daroð (darað) m dart, spear

• gp daroða lāf the leaving of spears, those surviving a battle

dēad adj dead

• ns dēada
• as dēadne
• np dēade, dēadan

dēad-bǣre adj deadly

• ds -bǣrum

deall adj proud

• ns deal

dearr see:durran

dēað m

death

• gs dēaðes
• ds dēaðe
• is dēaðe
• as dēað
• ap dēaðas

dēað-denu f

mortal vale

dēað-ræced (-reced) n house of death, grave

Defenas (Defnas) m pl the people of Devonshire, Devonshire

Defena-scīr (Defna-) f Devonshire

• ds scīre

delfan (principal parts: pret sg:dealf pret pl:dulfon pp:dolfen ) 3 delve, dig

dēma

m judge

• gs dēman

dēman WI

deem, judge, determine

• 3 sg dēmð
• pp gedēmed

demm

m judgment

Dene m pl Danes

• gp Dena
• dp Denon
• ap Dene

Dene-mearc (Dena-; -mearce) f

Denmark

• ns Denamearc
• ds Denemearce, Denemearcan

Denisc

adj Danish

• np Deniscan
• gp Deniscra

• as on Densic in the Danish fashion

dennian WII become slippery (?)

• pret 3 sg dennode

denu (dene) f valley

dēoflīc adj

devilish

• ap -līcan

dēofol m n devil

• gs dēofles
• ds dēofle
• np dēofla
• ap dēoflu, dēoflo

dēofol-gyld n idol

• gp -gilda

dēofol-gylda m idolater

• np -gyldan

dēofol-sēoc adj possessed of a devil

• ap -sēocan

dēofol-sēocnis f possession by a devil

• ap -nyssa

dēop

n the deep, the sea

• gs dēopes (dȳpan f)

dēop adj

deep

dēope adv deeply, profoundly

dēoplīce adv deeply, profoundly

dēopnis f depth, abyss

• ds -nysse

dēor (dīor) n wild beast or animal (of any sort)

• as dēor
• np dīor
• gp dēora
• ap dēor

deorc adj

dark, gloomy, sad

• ns deorca, deorce
• as deorce

dēorling

see:dȳrling

dēor-mōd adj bold of mind, brave

Deorwente f

the Derwent

• ds -wentan

dēor-wurð (-wirð, -weorð) adj worthy of estimation, precious, honored

• ds -wurðan
• ap -wurðe, -wirðe, -wurðan

Dēre

m pl the Deirians, inhabitants of Deira

derian WI injure (w dat)

• 3 sg dereð, derað

[daru]

dīacon-hād (dēacon-) m office of a deacon, deaconship

• ds -hāde

dīegol (dīgol) adj secret

• ns dīegla, dīgle
• gs dīeglan
• comp np dīgelran

dimm (dymm) adj

dim, dark, gloomy

• dp dymmum

dimnis (dymnis) f dimness, gloom

• ds dymnysse

Dinges (mere) proper name a proper name, or the sea of dashing and noise

dīor see:dēor

disc m dish

• ds disce
• as disc

discipul m disciple

• np discipulī (Lat), discipulōs (for -ī)
• gp discipula
• ap discipulī

dōgor n day

• gp dōgra

dōgor-rīm

n numbering of the days, time

• gs -rīmes

dohtor f

daughter

dōm m

1. doom, judgment, decree, decision, choice
   • gs dōmes
   • ds dōme
   • as dōm (stipulation)
   • is dōme
2. renown, glory

dōm-ern n judgment-hall

• ds -erne

dōm-georn adj eager for renown

• np -georne

dōmlīc adj famous, glorious

dōn irreg do, act, cause, put, place

• ger dōnne
• ptc dōnde
• 2 sg dēst
• 3 sg dēð
• 2 pl dōð
• 3 pl dōð
• imp 2 sg dō
• opt 2 sg dō
• 1 pl dōn
• pret 2 sg dydest
• 3 sg dyde
• 3 pl dydon
• pret opt 3 sg dyde

Dorce-ceaster (Dorcan-) f Dorchester

• ds -ceastre
• as Dorcanceaster

draca m dragon

drēam m

joy, mirth

• is drēame
• gp drēama (harmony)

[Mod dream]

dreccan WI vex, trouble, afflict

• pret 3 pl drehton

drenc

m drink

• gs drences
• ds drence

dreng m warrior

• gp drenga

[ON drengr]

drēogan (principal parts: pret sg:drēag pret pl:drugon pp:drogen ) 2 endure, perform, fulfil

• 3 sg drēogeð

drēor m blood

• is drēore

[drēosan]

drēorig adj dreary, sad

• ns drēorige
• as drēorigne (hyge)
• np drēorige

[drēosan]

drēorig-hlēor adj with sad face

drēorignis f sadness

• gs -nysse

drēosan (principal parts: pret sg:drēas pret pl:druron pp:droren ) 2

fall, perish

• 3 sg drēoseð
• 3 pl drēosað

[cf Mod dross]

drihten see:dryhten

drinca m drink

• as drincan

drincan (principal parts: pret sg:dronc pret pl:druncon pp:druncen ) 3

drink

• 3 pl drincað
• pret opt 3 sg drunce
• 2 pl druncen

drohtað m sojourn, life

drohtian see:drohtnian

drohtnian (drohtian) WII lead one's life, live

• ger drohtnigenne
• 3 sg drohtað
• pret 3 sg drohtnode

[drēogan]

drohtnung (drohtung) f conduct, condition, life

• gs drohtunge
• ds -nunge

drohtung

see:drohtnung

drūsan (drūsian W II) WI droop, drowse, become feeble

• ptc drūsende

[drēosan]

drȳ m wizard, sorcerer

[Celt drūi]

drȳge (drīge)

adj dry

• ap drȳge

• ds on drȳgum on dry ground

dryht f body of retainers, host, people

[drēogan]

dryhten (drihten) m

lord, prince, ruler, king

• gs drihtnes
• ds drihtne, drihtene

drȳman

WI rejoice

• ptc gp drȳmendra

[drēam]

dryre

m fall, deposit

[drēosan]

dugan PP avail

• 3 sg dēah
• opt 3 sg dyge

[Ger taugen]

duguð (dugoð) f

1. body of retainers, host
   • ds duguþe
   • gp duguða
   • duguða wyn the flower, the chief of retainers
2. benefit, honor, riches
   • ds duguþe
   • gp dugeða

[dugan; Ger Tugend]

dūn f down, hill, mountain

• as dūne

[Celt dūnum]

dūn-scræf n hill-cave

• np -scrafu

durran PP dare

• 1 sg dearr
• 3 sg dearr
• 1 pl durron
• opt 1 sg durre
• pret 3 pl dorston
• pret opt 3 pl dorsten

duru

f door

• ds dura, duru, dyru
• as duru
• np dura

dūst n dust

• ds dūste
• as dūst

dūst-scēawung f contemplation of the dust

• ds -scēawunga

dwǣscan WI extinguish, blot out

• 3 sg dwǣsceð

[dwǣs: dysig]

dwelian (dwellan) WI lead into folly, deceive; be led astray, err

• ptc dweligende

[cf Mod dull]

Dyflin (Dyflen, Difelin) Dublin

dym-hof n

place of concealment

• dp -hofon

dȳre (dīere, dēore) adj dear, costly

• np dȳre

dȳrling (dēorling) m darling, favorite

• ap dēorlingas

dyrstignes f boldness, audacity, arrogance

• ds -nysse
• as -nesse

dysig adj foolish

• supl ns dysgosta

[Mod dizzy]

dysig n folly

• ds dysige

dysignes f folly

• ds -nesse

dyslīc (dysiglīc) adj foolish

E

ē

see:ēa

ēa f river

• gs ē, ēas
• ds ēa, ēæ
• as ēa
• np ēa

[Ger Au]

ēac (ēc) conj adv also, moreover, likewise, even

• ge ... ge ēac both ... and also
• nē ... nē ēac neither ... nor even
• ond ēac swā and also
• ēac swilce (swylce, swelce) also, likewise
• ēac gelīce (-lȳce) likewise

[Ger auch]

ēac prep in addition to, together with, besides (w dat)

ēaca

m addition, increase

• ds ēacan

• ns reinforcements
• tō ēacan in addition to (w dat)

ēad n possession, riches, happiness, bliss

• gs ēades
• as ēad

[cf Mod allodium]

ēadig

adj rich, blessed, happy

• ns ēadga, ēadiga
• gs ēadigan

[Goth audags]

ēadignes f happiness, bliss

• gs -nesse

ēad-mōd see:ēað-mōd

ēad-wela m generous supply, riches

eafora (eafera)

m son, heir

• ds eaforan

[cf Goth afar, prep 'after']

ēage

n eye

• gs eagan

ēag-gebyrd f

eyeball (?), pupil of the eye (?)

eahta num eight

ēa-lā interj oh! alas!

eald (ald) adj old

• ns alda
• ap ealde, ealdan

• ealda fæder grandfather (ancestor?)
• ealde tried, honored
• supl as ieldesðe (dial) most honored

Ealdan-mynster n Old-Minster

• ds -mynstre

eald-cȳððu (-cȳðð) f old, former home

• as -cȳððe, -cȳððu

eald-fæder m forefather

• ap -fæderas

eald-fēond m old foe, arch fiend, devil

• gs -fēondes
• gp -fēonda

ealdian WII become old

• pp geealdad

ealdor (aldor) m prince, chief, lord

• gs ealdres
• ds ealdre

ealdor-bisceop m chief bishop

ealdor-dōm m

lordship, sovereignty

ealdor-lang adj life-long, lasting

• as -langne

ealdor-monn m alderman, chief, ruler, magistrate, chief officer of the shire

• ns -mon, -mann
• gs -monnes
• np -men

ealgian WII defend

• pret 3 pl ealgodon

eall (all) adj all

• as alne, ealle
• is ealle
• np ealle, alle, ealla
• gp ealra, eallra
• dp eallum
• as ealle, ealla, eall, eal

• gs ealles (adv) altogether, quite, entirely
• ealles, ealra swīþost (adv) most of all, especially
• ealles for swīðe (adv) altogether, utterly
• ds (or dp) mid (myd) eallum (adv) altogether, entirely
• is mid ealle (adv) withal (= and everything)
• as ealne weg (adv) all the way, always
• ealneg (= ealne weg) (adv) all the way
• ealne dæg (adv) all the day
• eall swā (adv) just as

eallinga see:eallunga

eallunga (eallinga) adv altogether, entirely

Eall wealdend m Ruler of all

ealu (ealu) n ale

• gs ealað

ēa-lond n island

• ds -londe

ēam m uncle

[Ger Oheim]

ēar n

ear (of corn)

• ds ēare
• as ēar

earc

f ark

• gs earce
• as earce

eard m dwelling, home, country

• gs eardes
• ds earde
• as eard

[eorðe]

eard-geard m dwelling-place, earth

eardian WII dwell

• 3 pl eardiað
• pret 3 pl eardodon

earding (eardung) f habitation

• ap eardinga

eard-stapa m land-stepper, wanderer

eard-stede m

dwelling-place

eard-wīc n dwelling

earfoð (earfeð) n difficulty, toil, hardship, torture, torment

• gp earfoða
• ap earfoðu

[Ger Arbeit]

earfoðe adj difficult

• gs earfoðes

earfoðlīc

adj difficult, full of hardship

earfoðnes f hardship, torture

• ap -nessa

ēar-gebland n wave-mingling, ocean

earh (earg) adj cowardly

[Ger arg]

earm m arm

earm adj

poor, pitiable, wretched, despicable

• as earmne
• np earme
• comp ns earmra

[Ger arm]

earm-cearig adj wretched, full of care

earming m

poor wretch

• np earmingas

earmlīc adj miserable, wretched

• gs -līces
• ds -līcum

earn m

eagle

• gs earnes
• ds earne

• as earn æftan hwīt [(cf Gr πυγαργος)]

[Ger Aar]

earnian WII earn (w gen)

• 3 sg earnað
• 3 pl earniað

eart see:bēon

ēast adv east, in an easterly direction

ēastan (ēstan) adv from the east

• wið ēastan to the east
• be ēastan to the east of (w dat)

ēa-stæð

n river-bank

• ds -stæðe

ēast-dǣl m

eastern quarter, the east

• ds -dǣle

ēast-ende m east-end

ēast-engle m pl East-Angles, East-Anglia

• gp -engla

ēaster-dæg (ēastor-) m Easter Day

• ds -dæge
• is Eastordæge

ēast-healf f east side

• ds -healfe

ēast-lang adj extending east

ēast-rīce n eastern kingdom

ēastro (ēastru, ēastre, ēastron) pl tant f n Easter

• ap ēastron

ēast-ryhte

adv eastward

ēast-seaxe (-seaxan) m pl East-Saxons

• gp -seaxna
• ap -seaxe

ēast(e)-weard (-werd) adj eastward, easterly

• gs weardes (adv)
• ds -weardre
• as -weard

ēast-weg

m east-way, path in the east

ēaðe adv easily

• comp (īeð) ēað
• supl ȳðast

ēað-mōd (ēad-) adj humble-minded, humble

• ns ēadmōd
• is -mōde
• ap -mōdan

ēað-mōdlīce (ēad-) adv humbly

ēað-mōdnes (ēad-) f humility, meekness, condescension

• gs -nesse
• gp -nessa

ēaw-fæst (ǣw-, ǣ-) religious, pious

• ns -fæsta
• ds -fæstre

eax f

axis, axle tree

• ds eaxe
• as eaxe

ebba

m ebb

• ds ebban

Ebrēas m pl

Hebrews

• gp Ebrēa

Ebrēisc adj Hebrew

ēce (ēca, ēcea) adj eternal, everlasting

• ds ēcan
• gp ēcra

eced m n vinegar

• ds ecede

[Lat acētum; Ger Essig]

ēcelīce adv eternally

ecg f

edge, sword

• ds ecge

ēcnes f eternity

• as -nysse
• as -nesse

ed-geong (-giong) adj

becoming (or being) young again

ed-lēan n reward

• gs -lēanes
• ds -lēane
• as -lēan

ed-nīwe (-nēowe) adj renewed, restored

ed-nīwinga adv anew

edor (eodor) m enclosure, dwelling

• np ederas

ed-wenden f overturning, change

efen-ēhð (-nēhð)

f neighboring plain

• ds -ēhðe

[nēah]

efen-hlēoðor

n equal, united harmony

• is -hlēoðre

efes f

eaves, border, side (of a forest)

• ds efes (for efese ?)

efne [(cf emne)] adv even, only, just

efn-ēce adv co-eternally

efstan WI hasten (intr)

• ptc efstende
• imp 2 pl efstað
• pret 3 sg efste
• 3 pl -on

[*of-ēst]

eft adv again, back, afterwards

• eft ongēan see:(see ongēan)

ege m fear, terror

[Goth agis]

egesa m terror, fear

• ds egesan

egeslīc adj terrible, horrible

egeslīce adv horribly

ēhtan

WI pursue, persecute (w gen)

• 3 sg ēht

[ōht]

ēhtere m persecutor

ēhtnis f persecution

• ns -nys
• as -nysse

elcor (ælcor) adv

otherwise

eldan (ieldan, yldan) delay, hesitate

• pret 3 sg elde

[eald]

ele m oil

[Lat oleum]

el-fremed (æl-) (pp) adj separated, released, extraneous

• ns ælfremed
• ap ælfremede

ellen

n strength, courage, fortitude, zeal

• ds mid elne boldly
• on elne boldly
• as on ellen boldly

[Goth aljan]

ellen-wōdnis f zeal, fervor

• gs -nisse

elles adv else

• hwæt ... elles what else
• nān ðing elles nothing else

eln f ell (measure)

• gp elna

el-þēodig (æl-) adj of another nation, foreign, strange

• as ǣlþēodigne

el-þēodisc (æl-) adj foreign, strange

• ns ælþēodisc

embe see:ymbe

emb-gangan R compass (trans)

• opt 3 sg -gange

emne (emn, cf efne) adv equally

emn-lang (efn-lang) adj equally long

• on emnlange prep (w dat) along

ende m end

ende-byrdlīce adv in an orderly manner

ende-byrdnes f order

• ds -nesse, -nisse

endemes (endemest)

adv equally, in like manner

endian WII end, bring to an end

• opt 3 sg endige

endlyfta num eleventh

• is -lyftan

enge adj narrow, oppressive, cruel

• ns enga

engel m angel

• ds engle
• as engel
• np englas
• gp engla

[Lat angelus]

Engla-feld

m Englefield (Berkshire)

• ds -felda

Engla-land n

country of the Angles, England

• ds -lande

Englisc adj English

• gs Engliscre
• as Englisc
• gp Engliscra

Englisc-ge-reord n English language

• ds -reorde

eno see:ono

ent m giant

• gp enta

ēode, ēodon see:gān

eodorcan [(cf ed-rocian, ed-recan, roccettan)] ruminate

• ptc eodorcende

[Ger räuspern]

Eofer-wīc (Efer-) n York

• as Eferwīc

[cf Ger Eber]

Eofer-wīc-ceaster f York

• ds -ceastre

eoh m n horse

[Goth aihwa]

eom see:bēon

eorcnan-stān (eorclan-) m precious stone

[Goth -airkns]

ēored (ēorod) n company, troop, host

• ap ēoredu

[*eoh-rād]

ēored-ciest (-cyst) f company, troop, host

• dp -cystum

eorl m

1. earl (a Danish title corresponding to the native ealdorman)
   • np eorlas
   • gp eorla
2. Applied to an ealdorman
   • ds eorle
3. warrior

eornoste adv earnestly, fiercely

eornostlīce

adv earnestly, indeed

eorð-būend m earth-dweller

• np eorðbūgigende

eorðe f earth

• gs eorðan

eorðlīc adj earthly, worldly

• ns -līca
• gs -līcan
• as -līce

eorð-scræf n earth-cave, grave

• ds -scræfe, -scrafe

eorð-weg m earth-way

• ds on eorðwege on earth

ēow (ēower, ēowic) see:ðū

ēower (īower) poss pron

your

• gs ēoweres
• ds ēowrum
• as ēowerne, ēower
• np ēowre
• dp īowrum, ēowrum, ēowerum
• ap ēowre

ēow-land n Öland (island in the Baltic Sea)

erce-bisceop m archbishop

• ds -bisceope

erce-hād m archiepiscopal dignitary

erian

WI ear, plough

• pret 3 sg erede

ermð see:yrmð

esne m servant, man

• ds esne

[Goth asneis]

esal (eosol) m ass

• ap esolas

[Goth asilus]

ēst f favor, grace

[Ger Gunst]

ēst-full adj

devout

• ds -fullum

Est-land n country of the Estas (on the eastern coast of the Baltic sea)

Est-mere m Frische Haff

Estum dp m the people of Est-land

esul-cweorn f millstone

etan (principal parts: pret sg:ǣt pret pl:ǣton pp:eten )

5 eat

• imp 2 pl etað
• opt 3 sg ete

ettan WI graze

ēðel m landed property, home, native country, territory

• ds ēðele
• as ēðel
• is ēðle

[cf Mod allodial]

ēðel-lond n native land

ēðel-turf f native turf, country

• ds -tyrf

Exan-ceaster (-cester) f Exeter

• gs -ceastres, cestres
• as -ceaster, -cester

exl (eaxl) f shoulder

• as exle

[cf Mod axle]

F

fæc n

division, space, interval, portion of time

• ds fæce
• as fæc

[Ger Fach]

fācen (fācn) n deceit, treachery, wickedness

• gs fācnes
• is fācne
• ap fācn

fǣcne adj guileful

fæder m father

• gs fæder
• np fæderas

fæderlīc adj fatherly, paternal

• ns -līce

fāg (fāh) adj colored, variegated

[Goth -faihs]

fǣge adj fated, doomed to death

• np fǣge
• ap fǣgean

[Ger feige]

fægen

adj fain, glad, rejoicing (w gen)

fæger adj fair, beautiful, pleasant

• gs fægeres
• is fægre
• np fægra
• comp ap fægerran
• supl dp fægrestum

fægere (fægre) adv beautifully, well

fægernes f fairness, beauty

• gs -nesse
• as -nesse
• ap -nissa

fægnian WII rejoice (w gen)

• ptc fægnigende
• pret 3 sg fægnode

fāh (fāg) adj

hostile

[gefā 'foe']

fǣhð f feud

• as fǣhðe

[Ger Fehde]

Falster prop noun Falster (island in the Baltic Sea)

fandian WII

try, tempt, test, examine, seek to know

• imp 2 pl fandiað (w gen)

[findan]

fandung

f temptation, test, usage

• ds -unge

fær n

journey, expedition

• ds fære

faran (principal parts: pret sg:fōr pret pl:fōron

pp:faren ) 6 go, proceed, travel, march

• 2 sg færest
• 3 sg færð
• 3 pl farað
• imp 2 pl farað
• opt 3 sg fare
• 2 pl faren
• pp gefaren

færelt (færeld) m n going, motion, journey

• gs færeltes, færeldes
• ds farelte

fǣringa adv

suddenly

[fǣr 'fear']

fǣrlīc adj sudden

• ns fǣrlīca
• ds -līcum

fǣrlīce adv suddenly

fær-sceat m passage-money, fare

[cf Mod scot-free]

fǣr-sceaða m sudden or dangerous enemy

• ds -sceaðan

faru f journey

• ds fare

fæst adj fast, firm, secure

• as fæstne
• np fæste

fæste adv fast, firmly, securely

fæsten n

1. fort, fortress, fastness
   • ds fæstenne
   • as fæsten
2. fast (abstinence from food)
   • ds fæstene

fæst-hafol adj retentive

• ds -hafelum

fæstlīce adv firmly, securely, resolutely, bravely

• comp fæstlīcor

fæstnian WII fasten, confirm

fæstnung f security, safety

fæt

n vessel

• ap fatu

[Mod vat]

fǣtels

m n vessel

• ap fǣtels

fæðm m f

embrace, grasp

fæðm-rīm n (fathom-number) fathom measure

• gs -rīmes

feallan (principal parts: pret sg:fēoll pret pl:fēollon pp:feallen ) R fall

• ptc feallende
• as feallendne
• 3 sg fylð (of the course of water), fealleð
• 3 pl feallað

feallenlīc (feallendlīc) adj unstable

fealo-hilte adj fallow-hilted

fealu (fealo) adj fallow, pale, yellow, dusky, dark

• ns fealo
• as fealone
• np fealwe

Fearn-hamm m Farnham (Surrey)

• ds -hamme

fēawe (fēa; fēawa, due to assoc w fela) adj pl tant few

• dat fēawum, fēaum
• acc fēawa

feccan (fecgan fetian) WIII fetch

• ptc feccende
• imp 2 pl feccað
• pret 3 sg fette

fela (feola feala fæla) n [(sometimes as adj; rarely inflected)] much, many (w gen)

[Ger viel]

feld m

field, battle-field

• as feld

felg (felge) f felly

• ds felge
• np felga, felgea, felgan

[fēolan]

fell

n fell, skin, hide

• as fel
• ap fell

feng m grasp

[fōn]

feoh (fioh, fēo) n

1. cattle
2. goods, property, money, riches
   • gs fēos
   • ds fēo
   • as feoh, fioh

[Mod fee]

feoh-gīfre

adj greedy of possessions, avaricious

feoh-lēas adj without money

• np -lēase

feohtan (principal parts: pret sg:feaht pret pl:fuhton pp:fohten ) 3 fight

• ptc feohtende
• 2 sg fihtest

feohte f

fight, battle

fēolan (principal parts: pret sg:fealh pret pl:fulgon,fǣlon pp:folen ) 3 reach, penetrate

[Goth filhan]

fēol-heard adj hard as a file

• ap -hearde

fēond m fiend, enemy

• as fēond
• gp fēonda
• dp fēondum
• ap fȳnd

feorh (fiorh) m n

life

• gs fēores
• ds fēore, fīore
• as feorh

feorh-geong adj young in life, youthful

feorh-hord n life-hoard, spirit

feorh-hūs n life-house, body

feorm (fiorm) f

1. food, provision, goods
2. use, benefit
   • as fiorme

[Mod farm]

feormian WII consume

• 3 sg feormað

feorr (far, feor) adv supl firrest fyrrest

• feor far back (time)

feorr

adj far, far from (w dat)

• feor þām far from that (metaph)

feorran (fiorran)

adv from afar

fēorða num adj fourth

• ds fēorðan
• as fēorðan

• gs bynnan fēorðan healfes dæges fæce within three and a half days

fēower

num four

fēower-tig num forty

• gen -tiges

fēower-tȳne (-tīene) num fourteen

• dat -tȳnum

fēran WI go, travel

• pret 3 sg fērde
• 3 pl fērdon

ferhð (ferð) m n mind, spirit, heart

• ns ferð
• ds ferhðe, ferðe
• as ferð

ferian WI; W II

carry, transport

• ptc ferigende
• pret 3 sg ferode, ferede
• 3 pl feredon
• pp geferod

fers n m verse

• ds ferse
• ap fers

[Lat versus]

fersc adj

fresh

• np fersce

ferð-loca (ferhð-) m (inclosure of the spirit), spirit, heart, mind

• as -locan

fetor (feotor) f fetter

• dp feterum

fēða m band of foot-soldiers, troop

• ap fēðan

[findan]

feðer f feather

• np feðre
• gp feðra
• dp feðerum

• feðrum (wing?)

feðer-homa m feather-garb, plumage

fīc-trēow n

fig-tree

[Lat fīcus]

fierd (fird, fyrd) f

1. (military) expedition
   • ds fyrde
2. (the national) army
   • ds fierde
   • as fierd

[faran]

fierdian (fyrdian) WII be on a military expedition

• pret 3 pl fierdedon

fierd-lēas adj unprotected by the army

fīf num

five

• nom fīfe
• dat fīfum

fīfta

num adj fifth

fīftig num fifty

• gen fīftiges
• dat fīftegum

fīf-tȳne (-tēne) num fifteen

findan (principal parts: pret sg:fond pret pl:fundon pp:funden ) 3 find, come upon, supply

• 3 sg findeð

Finnas pl m the Finns

finta m

tail

fīras pl m men

• gp fīra, fȳra
• dp fīrum

firgen-strēam m mountain-stream, woodland-stream

[Goth fairguni]

fiscað

see:fiscnað

fiscere m fisher

• np fisceras

fiscnað (fiscnoð fiscað) m fishing

• ds fiscaðe

fiðeru pl n wings

• np fiðru
• gp fiðra
• ap fiðru

flā (flān) f m arrow

• gs flānes
• as (or ap) flān

flǣsc n flesh

• gs flǣsces
• ds flǣsce
• as flǣsc
• is flǣsce

flǣsc-homa m (covering of flesh) body

flǣsclīc adj

fleshly, corporeal, carnal

• ds -līcre

flēam m flight

• gs flēames
• ds flēame
• as flēam

flēogan (principal parts: pret sg:flēag pret pl:flugon pp:flogen ) 2 fly (intr)

• 3 sg flēogeð

[cf flēon]

flēon (flīon, flēogan) (principal parts: pret sg:flēah pret pl:flugon

pp:flogen ) 2 flee, escape (trans and intr)

• ger flīonne
• ptc ds flēondum
• 3 sg flȳhþ
• 3 pl flēoð
• imp 2 pl flēoð

flēotan (principal parts: pret sg:flēat pret pl:fluton pp:floten ) 2 float

• ptc gp flēotendra

flett n floor of the hall

• as flet

flocc m flock, company, troop

floc-rād f

a riding company, troop

flōd m f n flood, wave, tide, stream

• as flōd

flōdan see:Pryfet

flōd-wylm (wielm) m f welling flood

[weallan]

flot n deep water, sea

• as on flot ?afloat?

[Mod afloat]

flota m sailor, seaman, pirate

• as flotan
• np flotan
• gp flotena

flōwan (principal parts: pret sg:flēow pret pl:flēowon

pp:flōwen ) R flow

• ptc flōwende
• as flōwendan
• 3 sg flōwð

flyht m flight, escape

• ds flyhte
• as flyht

flyht-hwæt adj bold or swift of flight

• gs -hwates
• ap -hwate

flȳma m

fugitive

• gp flȳmena

[flēam]

fnǣst m

blowing, breath

fōddor (fōdor) n food

fōdor-þegu f partaking of food, repast

• gs -þege

[þiegan]

folc n folk, people, nation, army

• gs folces
• is folce

folc-ge-feoht

n general engagement, pitched battle

folcisc adj vulgar, popular

• np -isce

folc-stede m place of assembly, battle-field

• ds -stede

fold-āgend m (earth possessor) earth-dweller

• gp -āgendra

folde f earth, land, country

• gs foldan

[feld]

fold-wæstm m fruit of the earth

fold-weg m way, path (on the earth)

• ds (is) -wege

folgian (fylgean) WII; W III follow, serve, observe, obey (w dat)

• ptc fylgende, fyliende
• 1 pl fylgeað
• imp 2 pl folgiað
• opt 1 pl fylgen, fylgeon
• pret 3 sg filgde, folgode
• 2 pl fyligdon
• 3 pl folgodon, filigdon

folgoð m service, official dignity, office

[folgian]

folme (folm) f hand

• ds folman

[fēlan 'feel']

fōn (principal parts: pret sg:fēng

pret pl:fēngon pp:fongon ) R seize, grasp, capture, take, receive

• 3 pl fōð

• pret 1 sg tō rīce fēng came to the throne
• tō þǣre sprǣce fēng
• tō wǣpnum fēng
• 3 pl fēngon tōgædere engaged in battle

for prep w dat instr and acc

1. (w dat, instr) before (place)
2. (w dat, instr) for, on account of, because of, owing to (cause, condition, remedy)
   • for ðǣm (ðām) conj; for, because, since
   • for ðon
   • for ðan
   • for ðǣm (ðām) ðe
   • for ðȳ þe
   • for ðon þe
   • for ðan þe
   • for ðȳ for this, therefore
   • for ðī
   • for þig
   • for ðon
   • for hwǣm wherefore
   • for hwig
   • for hwon
3. (w acc) for, instead of

for adv (intensive) very

for

f journey

• ds fōre

[faran]

foran

adv before, in front

• foran tō
• tō foran

for-bærnan

WI cause to burn, to burn (trans)

• sg -bærneð
• 3 pl -bærnað
• opt 1 pl -bærne
• pret 3 pl -bærndon
• pp -bærned

for-bēodan 2 forbid

• pp pl forbodene

for-beornan

3 burn (intr)

• pp -burnen

for-beran

4 suffer, permit

• 3 sg -bireð

for-berstan 3

burst asunder, vanish, fail

• 3 sg -birsteð

for-būgan 2 avoid, escape

• pret 3 sg -bēah

ford m ford

• ds forda
• as ford

for-dōn irreg destroy

• pret 3 sg -dyde

fore prep (w acc) before (place)

for-ealdian WII become old

• pp forealdod

fore-bēacen (-bēacn)

n fore-token

fore-genga m predecessor, ancestor

• np -gengan

fore-gīsel m preliminary hostage

• gp gīsla

[Ger Geisel]

fore-mihtig adj prepotent

fore-scēawung f fore-sight, providence

• as -scēawunga

fore-secgan WIII

1. say beforehand
   • pret 1 pl -sǣdon
   • pl -sǣdan
   • pp sg -sǣde aforesaid
2. foretell, predict
   • pret 1 sg -sǣde

fore-sprǣc f defence

fore-sprecan 5 speak or mention beforehand

• -sprecenan aforesaid
• pp sg -sprecena aforesaid

fore-stæppan (-steppan) (principal parts: pret sg:-stōp pret pl:-stōpon

pp:-stapen ) 6 precede (w dat)

• 3 sg -stæpð
• 3 pl stæppað

fore-tiohhung f predestination

fore-þingian WII

plead for one, defend

• 3 sg -þingað
• opt 3 sg -þingie

fore-þonc m forethought, foreknowledge

• ds -þonce

fore-witan

pp foreknow

• 3 sg -wāt

fore-wītegian WII

prophesy

• pret 1 sg -wītegode

for-faran 6 get in front of, obstruct

• pret 3 pl -fōron

for-giefan (-gifan, -gyfan) 5 give, grant; forgive

• ger -giefanne
• pret 3 sg -geaf
• 2 pl -gēafon
• pp -gifen
• pl -gifene, -gyfene

for-gifennis (-gyfennis) f forgiveness

• as -nisse, -gifenysse

fore-gongan R go before, precede

• opt 3 sg -gange

for-grindan (principal parts: pret sg:-grond pret pl:-grundon pp:-grunden ) 3 grind to pieces, destroy, consume

for-grīpan 1 seize, snatch away

• 3 sg -grīpeð

for-gyldan (-gieldan) 3 repay, requite, buy off

• 3 sg -gilt
• 1 pl -gyldað
• opt 2 pl -gyldon

for-gytan (-gietan, -gitan) 5 forget

• pret 3 sg -geat

for-gytol adj forgetful

for-hæfednis f

restraint, abstinence

• as -nysse

for-heard adj very hard

• as -heardne

for-hēawan R hew, cut down

for-helan 4 conceal

for-hergian WII harry, devestate, lay waste

• pp -hergod

for-hogdnis f contempt

• ds -nisse

for-hogian WII despise

• ptc -hogigende
• 3 sg -hogað
• 3 pl -hogiað
• opt 3 sg -hogige
• pret 3 sg -hogode

[cf. for-hycgan]

for-hradian WII hasten before, anticipate, prevent

• 3 sg -hradað

forht adj afraid

• np forhte

forhtian WII fear, be afraid (intr)

• ptc ap forhtgendan
• 3 pl forhtigað
• 3 sg forhtige
• pret opt 3 pl forhtedon

forhtung

f fear

• ds -unge

for-hwæga (-hwega) adv

at least, about

for-hycgan WIII despise

• 1 sg -hycge

[cf. forhogian]

for-læ_tan (principal parts: pret sg:-lēt pret pl:-lēton pp:-læ_ten ) R leave, leave off, omit, abandon, neglect, lose

• ptc -læ_tende
• 3 sg -læ_t
• opt 3 sg -læ_te
• 3 pl læ_ten

for-læ_tnes f remission

• gs (or gp) -nessa

for-lēosan (principal parts: pret sg:-lēas pret pl:-luron pp:-loren ) 2

lose, abandon, destroy

• 3 sg -lȳst
• opt 3 sg -lēose
• 1 pl -lēosen
• pret 2 sg -lure

forma (fyrmest, firmest) supl adj first

• as forman

for-niman 4 take off, destroy

• pret 3 sg -nōm
• 3 pl -nōmon

for-rīdan 1 intercept by riding before

• pret 3 sg -rād

for-rotian WII rot away, decay

• opt 3 sg -rotige
• pp -rotad

for-sacan 6 oppose, refuse

• pret 3 pl -sōcon

[Mod forsake]

for-scrincan (principal parts: pret sg:-scronc pret pl:-scruncon pp:-scruncen )

3 shrink, wither

for-scyldigan WII condemn

• pp -scyldigod

for-sēarian WII sear, dry up, wither

• pp -sēarod

for-sēon 5 overlook, despise, reject

• 3 sg -syhð, -syhð
• 3 pl -sēoþ

for-sewennis f contempt

• ds -nysse

for-sittan 5 delay

• pret 3 sg forsæt

for-spendan WI spend utterly, squander

• 3 pl -spendað

for-spyllan (-spillan)

WI spill, waste, lose, destroy

• pp -spylled

for-spyllednis f

spilling, waste, destruction, perdition

• gs -nysse

forst frost

• gs forstes

for-standan 6 understand

• pret 1 sg -stōd

for-stelan 4 steal away (trans)

• pret 3 pl -stæ_lon

for-suwian (-sugian -swugian -swīgian) WIII keep silent (trans)

for-swæ_lan (-swelan) WI

burn, scorch (trans and intrans)

• 3 sg -swēleð
• pret 3 sg -swæ_lde

[swol; Ger schwül]

for-swelgan 3 swallow up

• pret 3 sg -swealh

for-tēogean WII ordain

• pp -tēode

for-tredan

(principal parts: pret sg:-træd pret pl:-træ_don pp:-treden ) 5 tread down

forð adv

forth, forwards, onwards, away; henceforth

• forð mid ealle forthwith
• and swā forð and so on

forð-fēran

WI depart, die

• pret 3 sg -fērde
• 3 pl -fērdon

forð-fōr f departure, death

• gs -fōre
• ds -fōre

forð-georn adj eager to advance

forð-genge adj progressive, successful

for-þolian WII go without, miss, lack (w dat)

for-ðrysmian

WII choke, suffocate

• pret 3 pl forðrysmodon

[þrosm, 'smoke, vapor']

forð-sīð

m departure, death

• ds -sīðe

forð-weard adj

enduring

• as -weardne

forð-weg m way leading forth

• ds forðwege

for-þylman WI envelop, suffocate; consume

• pret 3 sg -þylmde

for-weard adj forward, fore

• ds -weardum

for-wegan 5 overcome, kill

• pp forwegen

for-weornian WII wither (intr)

• opt 2 pl -weornion

for-weorðan (-wurðan) 3 come to grief, perish

• 1 pl -wurþað
• opt 1 pl -weorþon
• pret 3 sg -wearð

for-wiernan (-wirnan, -wyrnan) WI prohibit, prevent, refuse (w gen)

• opt 3 sg -wyrne

for-wordenlīc adj perishable

[weorðan]

for-wundian WII wound seriously

• pp pl -wundode

for-wurðan see:for-weorðan

for-wyrcan WI barricade, obstruct

for-wyrd

f n fate, destruction

• ds forwyrde

for-wyrdan WI

perish

• 3 sg -wyrð

fōt m foot

• gs fōtes
• dp fōtum
• ap fēt

fōt-mǣl n foot-print, space of a foot

fōt-swæð n foot-print

• dp -swaðum

fracod (fracoð, fracuð) adj of bad repute, detestable, vile, wicked

[*fra-cūð]

fram see:from

franca m spear

• ds francan

Francan pl m the Franks

• gp Francena

Franc-land n the country of the Franks

• ds -lande

frætwe pl f ornaments, decorations, equipments

• gp frætwa
• ap frætwe

[*fra-tāwe]

frætwian WII adorn

• pret 3 sg frætwode
• pp gefrætwad, gefrætewod, -ed
• pl gefrætewode

frēa

m lord

• gs frēan
• ds frēan

frēcednis f danger, harm

• dp -nyssum

frēcennes

f danger, harm

• ds -nesse

frēcne adj

dangerous, perilous

• as frēcnan
• ap frēcne

[cf Mod freak]

frēcnes (frǣcnes) f danger, harm

• np frēcnessa
• dp frǣcnessum

frēfran WI comfort, console, cheer

frēfrend (ptc) m comforter

fremde (fremðe) adj strange, foreign, alien

• np fremdan, fremde

[from; Ger fremd]

fremian WII benefit, profit (w dat)

• 3 sg fremað

[from 'valiant'; Ger fromm]

frem-sumlīce adv kindly

frem-sumnes

f kindness, benefit

• gp -nessa
• ap -nesse

frēo see:frīo

frēod f good-will, peace

• as frēode

frēolīce adv freely

frēo-mǣg m

free kinsman

frēond m friend

• as frēond
• ap frȳnd

frēond-lēas adj friendless

• as -lēasne

frēondlīce adv in friendly manner

frēorig adj cold, chill

[frēosan]

freoðu see:frið

Frēsisc adj Frisian

• gp -iscra

• as on Frēsisc in the Frisian manner

fretan (principal parts: pret sg:frǣt pret pl:frǣton pp:freten ) 5 devour, eat

[<for-etan]

frettan WI graze

• pret 3 pl fretton

fricgean

5 ask, inquire

[Ger fragen]

Frīesa (Frīsa, Frȳsa) (adj) m a Frisian

frignan (frīnan)

(principal parts: pret sg:fræn pret pl:frugnon pp:frugnen ) 3 ask, inquire

• ptc frignende
• 3 pl frīnað

[Ger fragen]

frimdi (frindig) adj desirous, petitioning

[fricgean]

frīo (frēo frīoh frēoh) free

• ns frīoh, frēoh
• gp frīora

frið m n [(freoðu f)] peace, security, protection

• gs friþes
• ds friðe
• as frið, freoðu

[Ger Friede]

frōd adj

wise, prudent, skilful, experienced, old

• ns frōda, frōd

frōfor (frōfer) f comfort, consolation

• ns frōfer
• as frōfre

from (fram) prep (w dat instr); adv

1. from (origin, departure, separation, release, distance)
2. by, on the part of (agency)
3. adv from, away

fromlīce adv strenuously, promptly

fruma m beginning, creation; author, creator, chief

• ds fruman

[from]

frum-sceaft f creation

frymð

f m beginning, origin, creation

• ds frymðe
• gp frymða

[fruma]

fugelere m fowler

• np fugeleras

fugel-timber n (bird-structure), young-bird

fugol (fugel) m bird

• ns fugel
• gs fugles
• np fugelas
• gp fugela, fugla

[Mod fowl]

fūl adj foul

• supl ns (voc) fūluste

ful-gān irreg perform, carry out, fulfil (w dat)

• 3 sg -gæð

fūlian WII decompose

• 3 pl fūliað

[fūl]

full (ful) adj full (w gen)

• as fullne
• ap full, ful
• ds fullan

• ds fullan adv fully, perfectly

full (ful) adv fully, perfectly, very (intensive)

• ful nēah very nearly, almost

full-cræftig adj very efficient, virtuous (w gen)

• np -cræftige

full-fremedlīce (ful-) adv perfectly

full-fremman WI

do fully, fulfil, perfect

• 3 sg -fremeð
• opt 3 sg -fremme
• pp -fremed

full-hālig adj very holy

• np -hālige

fullian (fulwigan) WII baptize

• pret 3 sg fullode

fullīce adv fully

fulluht (fulwiht) m f n baptism

• gs fulwihte
• ds fulluhte

[full; wīh, 'sacred']

fultum m

help

• ds fultume, fultome
• as fultum

[*full-tēam]

fultumian WII help (w dat)

fulwiht-hād m baptismal rank, or vow

• ap -hādas

ful-wyrcan WI complete

• pret 3 sg -worhte

fundian WII strive after, intend, go

• pret 3 sg fundode

[findan]

fur-lang n furlong

• gs -langa

[furh, 'furrow']

furðor (furður) adv further

furðum (furðon) adv

even, just, quite

fūs adj ready, eager

[Mod fuss]

fyll (fiell) m

fall, destruction, death

• ds fylle
• as fyl

[feallan]

fylstan WI assist, help (w dat)

• pret 3 sg fylste

[*full-lāst, lǣstan]

fȳr n fire

• gs fȳres
• ds fȳre
• as fȳr
• is fȳre

fȳr-bæð

n fire-bath

• ds -baðe

fyrd-rinc m

warrior

fȳren adj of fire, fiery

• ds fȳrenum

fyren-lust (firen-) m sinful lust

• np -lustas

fyrhto f fright, terror

• ds fyrhtu, fyrhto

fyrlen (fierlen) adj distant

[feorr]

fyrmest see:forma

fyrn-dagas pl m days of long ago, ancient days

[Ger firn]

fyrn-gēar pl n years of long ago, ancient years

fyrn-ge-sceap n ancient decree

fyrn-ge-set n former seat or habitation

• ap -gesetu

fyrn-ge-weorc n ancient work

fyrst supl adj

first, chief

fyrst (first, fierst) m division of time, time, period, respite

• gs fyrstes
• ds fyrste
• as first

[Ger Frist]

fyrst-mearc f

marked period of time, interval

• ds -mearce

fȳsan WI

1. hasten (intr)
2. send forth, impel (trans)
   • pret 3 sg fȳsde

[fūs]

G

gædrian (ge-gædrian, cf ge-gaderian) WII gather

• 3 sg gædrað, gegædrað
• pp gegædrad

gafol n

tax, tribute, profit, interest

• gs gafoles
• ds gafole

[cf Goth ga-baur]

gǣlan WI delay, hinder

• pret opt 3 sg gǣlde

gamenian

WII play, pun

• pret 3 sg gamenode

[gamen 'game']

gamol-ferhð

adj aged

[*ga-mǣl]

gān (principal parts: pret sg:ēode pret pl:ēodon pp:gegān ) go, come, walk, advance

• 2 sg gǣ
• 3 sg gǣð
• 3 pl gāð
• imp 2 sg gā
• 2 pl gāð
• opt 3 sg gā
• pret opt 3 pl ēoden

gār m spear

• ap gāras

[Mod gore, gar-fish, etc.]

gār-berend m spear-bearer, warrior

gār-mitting f

meeting of spears or javelins, contest

• gs -mittinge

gār-rǣs m spear-encounter, battle

gærs n grass, blade

gārsecg m sea, ocean

gǣst (gāst) m spirit

• gs gāstes
• ds gǣste

gāst-cyning m spiritual king

• ds -cyninge

gǣstlīc (gāstlīc) adj

1. spiritual
   • gs gæsðlīces (dial)
   • as gāstlīce
   • gp -lecena
   • ap -lecan
2. ghastly, terrible
   • ns gāstlīc

gǣstlīce (gāstlīce)

adv spiritually

gāte-hǣr n hair of a goat

ge conj

and

• ge ... ge both ... and

[cf ǣgðer]

gē see:ðū

geador adv together

geaful m

1. fork
2. in pl, jaws, bird's bill
   • np geaflas

[Ger Gabel]

ge-āgan PP own, possess

• ger -āgenne

ge-āhnian (-āgnian) WII claim as one's own, take possession of

• pp geāhnod

gealla

m gall

• ds geallan

ge-ǣmet(t)igian WII

free, disengage from (w acc of pers and gen of thing)

• opt 2 sg geǣmetige

[ǣmet(t)ig]

ge-an-bīdian

WII

1. wait, remain (intr)
   • inf -bȳdian
   • imp 2 sg bȳda
2. await (w gen)
   • inf -bȳdian

ge-and-wyrdan WI answer

• pp -andwyrd

ge-ān-lǣcan WI unite

• pret 3 sg -lǣhte

ge-an-līcian WII liken

• pres 1 pl geanlīcie

gēar (gēr)

n year

• gs gēares
• ds gēare, gēre
• as gēar
• is gēare, gēre
• ap gēar, gēr

gearcian

WII prepare

• imp 2 sg gearca

[gearu]

geard

m enclosure, dwelling

• dp in geardum at home, in the world

gēar-dæg m

day of yore

geare (gearwe) adv readily, well

gearelīce adv readily

ge-ārian WII show mercy (w dat)

• opt 3 sg -ārige

ge-ærnan WI run (or ride) for, gain by running (trans)

• 3 sg -æneð

[yrnan]

gearo-wita m intellect

• as -witan

gearu (gearo) adj yare, ready

• np gearwe, gearowe

[Ger gar]

gearwian WII prepare

• pret 2 sg gearwodest
• 3 sg -ode

ge-ār-wurðian WII honor

• pret 3 sg -wurðode

ge-āscian (-āxian) WII learn by inquiry, hear of, discover

• 1 pl -āxiað
• pret 3 sg -āscode, -āxode
• pp -āscad

ge-āscung f inquiry

• ds geāscunge

geat n gate

• ds geate
• as geat
• ap gatu

geat-weard

m gate-ward, door-keeper

ge-æðele adj befitting noble descent

ge-āxian see:ge-āscian

ge-bǣdan WI compel, force

• pp gebǣded

ge-bǣre n gesture, behavior, cry

• np gebǣru

[beran]

ge-bed n prayer

• is gebede
• as gebed

ge-bēodan 2 offer

• pret 3 sg -bēad

ge-bēor m (beer-companion), reveller

• dp gebēorum
• np gebēoras

ge-beorg (-beorh) n protection, defence

• ds gebeorge

ge-beorgan 3 protect, save

• pp geborgen (impers)

ge-bēorscipe m banquet, entertainment

• gs -bēorscipes
• ds -bēorscipe
• dp -bēorscipum

gebētan WI

1. make amends for, repent of (trans)
   • opt 3 sg gebēte
   • 3 pl gebēten
2. repent (intr)

[bōt]

ge-bīcnian [(cf bēacnian)] II betoken, indicate

• pp gebīcnod

ge-bīdan (principal parts: pret sg:-bād pret pl:-bidon

pp:-biden ) 1

1. await, look for (w gen)
   • 3 sg -bīdeð
2. endure, experience

ge-biddan 5

1. pray (w reflex acc)
   • pret 3 sg gebæd
2. pray (w reflex dat)

ge-bīegan (-bīgan -bȳgan) WI bow, bend, incline, convert (trans)

• inf -bīgan, -bīgean
• 3 sg -bīgð
• pret 3 sg -bīgde
• pret opt 3 pl -bīgden
• pp -bīeged, -bīged
• pl -bīgede, bȳgede

[būgan]

ge-bīgan see:ge-bīegan

ge-bilde adj bold, confident

• ds gebildum

[beald]

ge-bind n combination, commingling

ge-bindan 3 bind

• 3 pl -bindað
• pret 3 sg -band
• pp -bunden
• gp -bundenra

ge-bīsnung f example

ge-blēsian WII bless

• pret 3 sg -blētsode
• pp -blētsod
• sg -blētsode

ge-blissian (-blyssian) WII

1. rejoice (intr)
   • inf -blyssian
   • ptc -blyssigende
2. make happy (trans)
   • pp -blissad

ge-bod n command

• ds gebode

[bēodan]

ge-bræc n breaking, crashing

[brecan]

ge-brǣdan WI broaden, become extended

• pp pl -brǣdda

ge-brēadian

see:ge-brēdian

ge-brēdian (-brēadian) WII (breed), regenerate, restore

• pp gebrēadad
• pl gebrēdade

ge-bregd n change, vicissitude

[bregdan]

ge-brēowan (principal parts: pret sg:-brēaw pret pl:-bruwon pp:-browen ) 2 brew

• pp gebrowen

ge-bringan (-brengan) WI bring

• 3 sg -bringð, brengð
• imp 2 pl -bringað

ge-brocian WII afflict

• pp gebrocod
• np gebrocede

ge-brosnodlīc adj

corruptible

ge-brōðor (ðru -ðra) m pl tant brothers

• np gebrōðra
• ap gebrōðru

ge-būd see:būan

ge-būn see:būan

ge-bycgan WI buy

• 3 pl -bycgað

ge-bȳgan see:ge-bīegan

ge-byrd n birth, rank, condition

• as -byrd

ge-byrgan WI taste

• opt 3 sg gebyrge

ge-byrian WI

1. happen
   • 3 sg gebyreð (impers)
2. pertain, behove (impers)

[Ger gebühren]

ge-bȳsnian WII

give good example

• pret 3 sg gebȳsnode

ge-bytle n building, dwelling

• np gebytlu
• gp gebytla

ge-camp m

fight, battle

• ds gecampe
• as gecamp

ge-cēosan

2 choose, elect

• pret 3 sg gecēas
• pp gecoren (decide)
• np -corene

ge-cīegan (-cīgan -cȳgan) WI call, name, invoke

• 3 sg -cȳgð
• pp -cīged
• pl -cīgede, -cȳgede

ge-cierran (-cirran -cyrran) WI

1. turn, change, convert, direct (trans)
   • imp 2 sg gecyr
   • pp gecierred
   • sg -cyrreda
   • pl -cyrrede
2. turn (one's self), go, return (intr)
   • inf -cyrran
   • imp 2 sg -cyrr
   • opt 3 sg -cyrre
   • pl -cyrran
   • pret 3 sg -cyrde

ge-cīgan

see:ge-ciēegan

ge-clǣnsian WII cleanse

• pret 3 sg -clǣnsode
• pp -clǣnsod

ge-clingan (principal parts: pret sg:-clong pret pl:-clungon pp:-clungen )

3 cling, adhere, compress

• pp pl geclungne

ge-cnāwan R

know, understand

• 3 sg -cnǣwð
• pret 3 pl -cnīowon

ge-cneord-lǣcan

WI be zealous, strive, study (intr)

• pret 3 sg -lǣhte

gē-cneordlīce

adv diligently

ge-cnyrdnis f diligence, earnestness, study

• ds -nysse

ge-cringan 3 cringe, yield, fall

• pret 3 sg gecrong, gecranc

ge-crīstnian WII christianize, catechise

• pp -crīstnad

ge-cuman 4 come together, assemble

ge-cwēme adj (becoming), acceptable, pleasing

[Ger bequem]

ge-cȳgan see:ge-cīegan

ge-cynd f n nature, kind, generation

• ns gecynde
• ds gecynde, gecinde
• as gecynd

ge-cynd-bōc f Genesis

ge-cynde adj natural

ge-cyrran see:ge-cierran

ge-cyrrednis f conversion

• gs -nysse

ge-cȳðan WI make manifest, show

• imp 2 sg -cȳð
• pret 3 sg -cȳðde

ge-cȳðnis f manifestation, testament

• ds -nisse
• ap -nissa

ge-dafen [(cf ge-dēfe)] adj fit, becoming

[Mod deft, daft]

ge-dafenian (-dafnian) WII befit, suit (impers w dat)

• 3 sg gedafenað
• pret 3 sg gedafnode, gedeofanade (dial w acc ?)

[Goth gadaban]

ge-dāl n division, separation

• as līces gedāl dissolution, death

ge-dǣlan WI deal out (tear?)

• pret 3 sg -dǣlde

ge-dēfe [(cf ge-dafen)] adj fitting, gentle, improved in condition

• comp ap gedēfran

[Goth gadōbs]

ge-deofenian see:ge-dafenian

ge-deorf

n labor, hardship, difficulty

ge-dihtan WI

1. compose, dictate, write
   • pret 3 sg -dihte
2. direct, order
   • pret 3 sg

[Ger dichten]

ge-dōn irreg

1. do, act
   • pret 3 pl -dydon
   • pret opt 3 sg dǣde
2. cause to be (trans)
   • 3 sg -dēð
   • 3 pl -dōð
3. put into such and such a condition
4. reach, arrive at
   • pret 3 pl -dydon

ge-dreccan WI oppress, afflict, vex, trouble

• pp pl gedrehte

ge-drēfan WI trouble, disturb, afflict

• 3 sg -drēfð
• 3 pl -drēfað
• pret 2 pl drēfdon
• pp -drēfed
• pl -drēfde, -drēfede

ge-drēfednis f trouble

• gs -nysse

ge-drēosan 2 fall, fail

• pret 3 sg -drēas
• pp pl -drorene

ge-drincan 3 drink up

• pret 3 sg gedranc

ge-drōfenlīc adj troublous

ge-dryht f

train of attendants, retinue, company

ge-drync n drinking, carousing

ge-dwol-monn m erring man, heretic

• np -men
• gp -manna

ge-dwolsum

adj misleading, erroneous

ge-dwyld n folly, error

• gs -dwyldes
• ds -dwylde

[dwol]

ge-dyrst-lǣcan WI dare, presume

• pret 2 sg -lǣhtest

ge-ealgian WII defend

ge-earnian WII earn, deserve

• imp 2 sg -earna
• opt 3 pl -earnien
• pret 3 sg -ode
• 3 pl -odon
• pp geearnad

ge-earnung f desert, merit

• ds -unge
• gp -unga
• ap -unga

ge-ēað-mōdian WII humble, debase (w refl acc)

• pret 3 sg -mēdde

ge-ēawan see:ge-ēowan

ge-ed-cwycian (-cwician -cuican) WII quicken, revive

• pp pl -cwycode

ge-ed-nīwian

WII renew

• 3 sg -nīwað
• pp -nīwad

ge-ed-staþelian WII reestablish, restore

• imp 2 sg -staðela
• pret 2 sg -staðelodest

ge-efen-lǣcan WI imitate

• ger geefenlǣcenne

ge-ende-byrdan WI set in order, ordain, arrange

• pp -endebyrd
• as -endebyrdne

ge-endian WII

1. end, finish (trans)
   • ger geendianne
   • pret 3 sg geendade
   • pret opt 3 sg geendode
   • pp geendod, -ad
2. come to an end, die
   • 3 sg geendað

ge-endung f ending, end

• ds geendunge

ge-ēowan (-ēawan) irreg show

• 3 sg -ēowð
• opt 3 sg -ēawe

ge-fædera m godfather in his relation to the father

ge-fadian WII arrange

ge-fāgian WII variegate, embroider

• pp gefāgod

ge-fær n going, journey

ge-faran 6

1. go, travel (intr)
   • pret opt 3 sg gefōre
2. travel (trans)
3. depart out of life, die (intr)
   • pret 3 sg gefōr

ge-fæstnian WII fasten, fix

• pret 3 sg -fæstnode
• pp pl -fæstnode

ge-fēa

m joy, delight, gratification

• is ge-fēan

ge-fēalīc adj

joyous, pleasant

ge-feccan (-fecgan -fetian) WIII fetch, take

• pret 3 pl -fetedon

ge-fēgan WI join

• imp 2 sg gefēg
• pp gefēged

ge-feoht n fight, strife, battle

• ds gefeohte
• ap gefeoht

ge-feohtan (principal parts: pret sg:-feaht pret pl:-fuhton pp:-fohten )

3

1. fight
2. gain by fighting, win

ge-fēon 5 rejoice (w inst or gen)

• ptc gefēonde
• imp 2 sg -feoh

ge-fēra m companion, comrade

• ds -fēran
• np -fēran
• ap -fēran

ge-fēran WI

travel (trans)

ge-fēre adj accessible

[faran]

ge-fēr-scipe

m companionship

ge-feterian WII fetter, bind

• pret 3 sg -feterode

ge-fetian see:ge-feccan

ge-fexod (-feaxod) adj haired, having hair

• np -fexode

ge-fillednys f completion, fulfilment

ge-firnian WII commit a wrong, sin (intr)

• pret 1 sg -firnode
• 2 sg -dest

ge-flīeman (-flȳman) WI put to flight

• pret 3 sg -flīemde
• 3 pl -don
• pp -flȳmed
• pl -flīemde

ge-flȳman see:ge-flīeman

ge-flȳt n contention, strife

• ds -flȳte

[flītan; Ger Fleiss]

ge-fōn R take, seize

• 3 sg gefēhð

• hlyst gefēð listens

ge-forþian WII

accomplish

• pp geforþod

ge-frǣge adj famous

[fricgan]

ge-frǣge n report, hearsay

• is mine gefrǣge
• as I have heard say

ge-fremian WII [(cf ge-fremman)] perform

• 3 sg -fremað

ge-fremman WI perform

• ger fremmenne
• imp 2 pl -fremmað
• pret 3 sg -fremede
• 3 pl -don
• pp -fremed

ge-freoge (-frige) n information

[fricgan]

ge-frēolsian WII

set free, deliver

• 1 sg -frēolside
• 3 sg -frēolseð
• opt 3 sg -frēolsige

ge-freoðian (-frioðian -friðian) WII protect, favor

• imp 2 sg gefreoða
• pret 3 sg -friðode

ge-frignan 3 learn by inquiry, hear

• pp gefrugnen

ge-fullian [(cf gefulwian)] WII baptize

• pret 3 sg gefullode
• pp gefullod
• pl gefullode

ge-fultumian WII

help

• pp -fultumod

ge-fulwian [(cf gefullian)] WII baptize

• pp gefulwad

ge-fylce n army, troop, division

• dp gefylcium, gefylcum

[folc]

ge-fylgan WIII follow (w dat)

ge-fyllan WI fell, cut down; deprive of (w gen)

• pp gefylled

[feallan]

ge-fyllan WI

1. fill (w gen)
   • pp pl gefylda
2. fulfil, complete, perform
   • 2 pl -fyllað
   • opt 2 sg -fylle
   • 1 pl -fyllon
   • pret 3 sg -felde
   • pp -fylled
   • pl -fyllede

[full]

ge-fylsta

m helper

• ds -fylstan

ge-fylstan WI

help (w dat)

• pret 3 sg -fylste

ge-fyrn adv

formerly

• gefyrn ǣr

ge-gaderian WII gather, collect, assemble (trans and intrans)

• 3 sg -gaderað
• pret 3 sg -gaderode, -gaderade
• 3 pl -gaderodon
• pp -gaderod
• pl -gaderode

ge-gædrian see:gædrian

ge-gān [(cf gān)] irreg happen

• pret 3 sg geēode

ge-gangan R obtain (trans)

ge-gærwan see:ge-gearwian

ge-gearwian (-gæwan, dial) WII prepare

• imp 2 sg -gearwa
• pret 3 sg -ode
• pret opt 3 sg -gearwode

ge-glengan WI adorn

• pret 3 sg geglengde
• pp glenged

ge-gōdian WII

endow

• pret 3 sg -gōdode

[gōd]

ge-gremian WII

enrage

• pp -gremod
• pl -gremode

[grom]

ge-grīpan (principal parts: pret sg:-grāp pret pl:-gripon pp:-gripen ) 1 seize

ge-gyddian

WII sing, utter

• pret 1 sg -gyddode

ge-gyrela m

robe, dress, garment

• np gegyrelan

ge-hādian WII ordain

• pret 3 sg gehādode
• pp gehādod

ge-hāl adj

whole

ge-hǣlan WI heal (trans)

• 3 sg -hǣlð
• opt 3 sg -hǣle
• pret 2 sg -hǣldest
• 2 pl -don
• pp pl -hǣlde

ge-hālgian WII hallow, consecrate

• pp gehālgod
• pl -ade, -ode

ge-hātan (principal parts: pret sg:-hēt pret pl:-hēton pp:-hāten )

R

1. promise
   • 1 sg -hāte
   • pret 2 sg -hēte
2. name
   • pp gehāten
   • pl gehātene

ge-hāt-land n promised land

• gs -landes

ge-hāwian WII look at, reconnoitre

• pret 3 sg -hāwade

ge-healdan (principal parts: pret sg:-hēold pret pl:-hēoldon pp:-healden ) R hold, protect, maintain, observe

• 3 sg gehelt
• opt 3 sg -healde
• 3 pl -dan
• pret 3 pl -hīoldon
• pret opt 3 sg -hēolde
• pp gehealdan

ge-healtsumnis f

captivity

• ds -nysse

ge-hefigian WII weigh down, oppress

• pp gehefgad

ge-hēgan WI effect, hold (an assembly)

ge-helpan 3 help (w dat)

ge-hende (adv) prep near (w dat)

ge-hēran see:ge-hīeran

ge-hergian WII capture (by harrying)

• pp gehergod

ge-hieran (-hȳran -hīran -hēran) WI hear

• ger -hȳranne
• ptc -hȳrende
• 2 sg -hȳrst
• 3 sg -hȳreð
• 3 pl -hȳrað
• imp 2 sg -hēr, -hīere
• 2 pl -hȳrað
• opt 3 sg -hȳre
• 1 pl -hȳron
• 2 pl -hȳran
• 3 pl -hȳren
• pret 2 sg -hȳrdest
• 3 sg -hȳrde

ge-hilt

n hilt

ge-hīran see:ge-hīeran

ge-hīwian WII

form, fashion

• 3 sg -hīwað

ge-hlēapan R leap (upon a horse), mount

• pret 3 sg -hlēop

ge-hlēotan 2 cast or draw lots

• pret 3 sg -hlēat

ge-hlystan WI listen

• pret 3 pl -hlyston

ge-hnǣgan WI humble, cast down

• pret 3 sg hnǣde

[hnīgan]

ge-hola m protector

• gp geholena

[helan]

ge-hrēosan 2 fall, perish

• 3 sg gehrīst

ge-hwā pron each

• gs gehwæs
• ds gehwāam
• as gehwone, gehwane

ge-hwanon adv from every quarter

ge-hwǣr adv everywhere

ge-hwæðer pron both, either

• as -hwæþre, -hwæþere

ge-hwelc see:gehwilc

ge-hwerfan see:ge-hwyrfan

ge-hwilc (ge-hwylc, ge-hwelc) each, every (pl all)

• np gehwyilce
• ds gehwilcum
• is gehwylce
• as gehwylcne

• ānra gehwylc each one
• ānra gehwilcum, heora frēonda gehwilcum, hiera ... gehwelcum
• ānra manna gwheylcne
• ūhtna gehwylc

ge-hwyrfan (-hwierfan, -hwerfan)

turn, change, convert

• 2 sg -hwyrfest
• pret 3 sg -hwyrfde
• pp pl gehwyrfede, gwhwerfede

ge-hȳdan WI hide, conceal, guard

• 3 sg gehȳt
• pret 3 sg gehȳdde

ge-hygd f n mind, thought, purpose

ge-hyhtan WI

have hope, trust

ge-hȳran see:ge-hīeran

ge-hyrdan WI oppress

• pret 3 sg gehyrde

[heard]

ge-hȳrnes (-hīernes) f hearing

• ds -nesse

ge-hȳrsumian WII hear, obey (w dat)

• imp 2 pl -hȳrsumiað

ge-īcan see:ge-īecan

ge-īct

see:ge-īecan

ge-īecan (-īcan -ȳcan) WI increase, add to

• inf -īcan
• pp geīct

[ēac]

ge-læccan WI seize, catch, take

• pret 3 sg gelæhte

ge-lǣdan WI lead

• 3 sg gelǣt
• opt 3 sg -lǣde
• pret 3 sg -lǣdde
• pl -lǣddon

ge-lǣred pp adj learned

• np gelǣrede, -edan
• supl ap gelǣredestan

ge-lǣstan WI

1. perform, carry out (trans)
   • 2 sg -lǣste
   • opt 3 sg -lǣste
   • pret 3 sg -lǣste
2. help, stand by (intr w dat)

[Ger leisten]

ge-laðian WII

invite, summon

• pret 2 sg -laðodest
• pp -laðod

[Ger ein-laden]

ge-laðung f (invitation), church, congregation

• gs -laðunge

ge-lēafa

m belief, faith

• ds -lēafan

ge-lēaffull adj

believing

• ns -leaffula
• gp -lēaffulra

fe-lēaffulnes

f belief, faith

• as -nesse

ge-lecgan WI

lay

• pp gelēd

ge-lēfan see:ge-liēfan

ge-lendan WI

1. come to land, come, go
   • pp gelend
2. endow with lands
   • pret 3 sg gelende

[land]

ge-lēofan see:ge-līefan

ge-leornian (-liornian) WII learn

• pret 1 sg -liornode
• 3 sg -leornode, -leornade
• 3 pl -don
• pp -liornod, -leornad

ge-lettan WI hinder, prevent

• pret 3 sg gelette

ge-līc adj

1. like, resembling, same (as adjective standing alone)
   • as gelīcan
2. like, resembling, same w dat
   • np gelīce
   • supl ns gelīcost, gelīcast

ge-līc n similarity

• gs gelīces

ge-līca m equal

ge-līce adv in like manner

ge-līcian WII please (w dat)

• pret opt 3 sg -līcode

gelīcnes f likeness

• as gelȳcnysse

ge-līefan (-lȳfan -lēfan -lēofan)

WI believe (w acc, dat, or gen)

• inf -lȳfan, -lēfan, -lēofan
• ger -lȳfanne
• ptc -lȳfende
• 1 sg -līefe, -lēfe
• opt 2 pl -lēofon
• 3 pl -līefen, līefon, -lȳfon
• pret 1 sg -lȳfde
• pp -lȳfed
• pp -gelȳfed, filled with belief, believing, adj

ge-līf-fæstan WI make alive, quicken

• pret 3 sg gelīffæste

ge-limpan (principal parts: pret sg:-lomp pret pl:-lumpon pp:-lumpen ) happen

• pret -lamp 3 sg

ge-limplīc adj fitting, suitable

• as -limplīce
• dp gelimplīcum, adv, by chance

ge-lōglan WII lay, deposit

• pret 3 sg, -lōgode
• 3 pl -don

ge-lōme adv often, repeatedly

ge-lōmlīcian WII become frequent

ge-lustfullian WII please (w dat)

• pret 3 sg -fullode

ge-lustfullīce adv willingly

• comp gelustfullīcor

ge-lȳfan see:ge-līefan

ge-lȳfed (-lēfed, pp)

adj weak, infirm

• gs gelȳfdre

[lēf; Mod left (hand)]

ge-lȳhtan

WI illumine, give sight to

• pret 3 sg -lȳhte

ge-lȳsan WI

release, break, tear

• pp gelȳsed

ge-māglīc adj importunate

ge-māgnys f importunity

ge-māh (ge-māg) adj malicious, wicked

ge-mǣlan WI speak

• pret 3 sg -mǣlde

gēman

see:gīeman

ge-māna m intercourse; joining (of weapons)

• gs gemānan

ge-mǣne adj common

[Ger gemein]

ge-mǣnelīce adv

in common, generally

ge-mǣre n boundary, border

ge-maðel n talking, interview, harangue

• gs -maðeles

ge-mearc n boundary, limit

• gs -mearces

ge-mearcian WII mark, designate

• 3 sg -mearcað
• pp -mearcad

ge-met n measure

• ds gemete
• is gemete, degree
• as gemet, metre

ge-met adj meet, fit

ge-mētan WI meet with, find

• 2 sg -mētest
• 2 pl -mētað
• opt 3 pl -mēton
• pret 3 sg mētte
• 3 pl -on, -mȳtton
• pp gēmētt, gemēt

ge-mēteng (gemēting)

f meeting, assembly

ge-metgian WII moderate, temper, restrain, regulate

• 3 sg -metagað
• opt 3 sg -metgige

ge-metgung f measure, regulation, order

• as -metgunge
• ap -metgunga

ge-metlīce adv moderately

ge-miltsian WII show mercy (w dat)

• imp 2 sg gemiltsa

ge-molsnian WII moulder, decay

• 3 sg -molsnaþ
• pp pl -molsnode

ge-mong n crowd, throng

• ds gemonge

• in gemonge (prep w dat) among

ge-mōt n meeting, assembly, council, concourse, encounter

• gs gemōtes

ge-munan PP remember, call to mind, be mindful of

• 1 sg geman
• 3 sg gemon
• imp 2 sg gemyne, gemune
• 2 pl gemunað
• pret 1 sg gemunde
• pret opt 3 pl gemundon
• imp 2 sg gemun
• opt 3 sg gemyne
• pret 3 sg gemunde

ge-mundbyrdan WI

protect

• pret opt 3 sg gemundbyrde

ge-mynd f n memory

• ds -mynde
• as -mynd

ge-myndgian (-myngian) WII

keep in mind, remember

• pret 3 sg -myndgade

ge-myndig adj mindful of (w gen)

ge-myntan WI have in mind, intend

• pret 3 sg -mynte
• pp gemynt

gēn (gēna, gīen gīena) adv yet, still, even

ge-nēadian WI

compel

• pp genēadad, genēded

ge-neahhe (ge-nehe) adv enough, frequently, often

ge-nēa-lǣcan WI approach

• ptc -lǣcende, -lēcende
• pret 3 pl -lǣhton

ge-nēat m companion

[Ger Genosse]

ge-nehe

see:ge-neahhe

ge-nēosian WII visit, approach, (trans)

• 3 sg -nēosað
• pret 3 sg -ode

ge-nerian WI save, rescue, preserve

• 3 sg -nereð
• pret 3 sg -nerede
• pp pl generode

ge-nihtsum adj sufficient, abounding

• ap -sume

ge-nihtsumian

WII suffice

• 3 sg genihtsumað
• 3 pl -iað

ge-nihtsumlīce adv sufficiently

ge-nihtsumnes f sufficiency

• gs -nysse

ge-niman (principal parts: pret sg:nōm,nam pret pl:nōmon,nāmon pp:numen ) 4

take

• imp 2 pl genimað
• opt 3 sg genime (reflex, collect oneself)
• pret opt 3 sg genāme

ge-nip n mist, cloud, darkness

• ap genypu

ge-nīpan 1 become dark

• pret 3 sg genāp

ge-niðerian (-nyðerian) WII cast down, abase, condemn

• pp geniðerod, genyðerod

ge-niðerung (-nyðerung)

debasement, wickedness

• ap -nyðerunga

ge-nīwian WII renew

• pp genīwad

ge-nōh (ge-nōg) adj enough

ge-notian WII use, consume

• pp as genotudne

geofon n sea, ocean

• gs geofones

ge-ofrian (-offrian)

WII offer

• pret opt 3 pl geofrodon

geogoð (giogoð, iugoð) f

youth; gioguð (young persons, collect.) (???)

• ds geoguðe

gēomor adj sad

• as gēomran

[Ger Jammer]

gēomor-mōd adj of sorrowful mood

• np -mōde

gēomrung f lamentation, moaning

• ds -unga
• as -unge

geond (giond) prep (w acc) throughout (place and time)

geond-faran 6 traverse

• 3 pl -farað

geond-hweorfan 3 pass over, traverse

• 3 sg -hweorfeð

geond-lācan

(principal parts: 3 sg pres:leolc pret sg:lēc pret pl:lēcon pp:lācen ) R play over, traverse

• opt 3 sg -lāce

geond-lȳhtan WI

1. illumine (trans)
   • pret 3 sg -lȳhte
   • pp pl -lȳhte
2. shine over or upon (intr)
   • pret opt 3 sg -lȳhte

geond-scēawian WII overlook, survey

• 3 sg -scēawað

geond-sendan WI send abroad

• pp -send

geond-ðencean WI think over, reflect upon

• 1 sg -þence
• 3 sg -ðenceð

geond-wlītan 1 look over (trans)

• 3 sg -wliteð

geong (giong, iung) adj young

• ns gioncga
• ap geonge, iunge

geonglīc adj youthful

ge-openian WII open

• imp 2 sg -opena
• pp pl -openede

georn (giorn) adj eager, earnest, desirous (w gen)

• np giorne
• ns georn
• np georne

georne

adv eagerly, willingly, certainly, surely

• comp geornor
• supl geornost

geornfull adj eager, desirous

• np geornfulle

geornfullīce

adv eagerly, earnestly

• comp geornfullīcor

geornfulnes f

eagerness, zeal

• ds -nesse, -nysse

geornlīce adv eagerly, earnestly, attentively

• comp geornlīcor

ge-or-trūwian WII despair of, distrust

• opt 3 sg geortrūwige

ge-rǣcan WI reach, obtain

ge-rād adj

trained, prudent

• as -rādne

ge-rǣdan R and WI counsel, advise

• 2 sg -rǣdest

ge-rǣde n trappings

ge-rēafian WII seize

• 3 pl gerēafiað

ge-reccan WI relate, explain, count

• ger -reccenne
• imp 2 sg -rece
• pret 3 sg -rehte
• pret opt 2 sg -reahte
• pp pl -rehte

ge-recednis f narration

• ds -nisse

ge-rēfa

m reeve

ge-rēnian (geregnian) WII arrange, adorn

• pp gerēnod

ge-reord n speech, language

• ds -reorde

ge-reordung f refection, meal

• as -reordunge

ge-restan WI rest

ge-rihtan WI correct

• opt 3 sg gerihte

ge-rihte n law

• ap gerihta

ge-riht-lǣcan WI direct, correct

• ptc -lǣcende
• pp pl læhte

ge-ripan 1 reap

• pret 3 pl gerypon

ge-risenlīc adj proper, suitable

• ap -līce
• comp as līcre

ge-risenlīce adv suitably, fittingly

• comp -lecor

ge-rȳman WI

1. widen, extend (trans)
   • pret 3 pl rȳmdon
   • pp rȳmed
2. open a way (intr)
   • pp rȳmed

[rūm]

ge-rȳne n secret, mystery

• np gerȳnu

[rūn]

ge-sǣlig adj happy, prosperous, blessed

• ns sǣliga
• np -sǣlige
• comp np -sæligran

[sǣl; Ger selig]

ge-sæliglīc adj happy, blessed

• np -sǣliglīca

ge-sǣliglīce adv happily

ge-sǣlð f happiness, fortune, prosperity

• gp gesǣlða
• ap gesǣlða

ge-sārgian WII trouble, afflict

• pp as -sārgodne
• pl -sārgode

ge-scēadlīce adv

discriminatingly, wisely

ge-scēadwīs adj discriminating, intelligent, rational, wise

• ns -scēadwīsa

ge-scēadwīsnes f discretion, reason, wisdom

• ds -nysse

ge-sceaft f

1. creature, creation
   • ds gesceafte
   • np gesceafta
2. destiny, decree (of fate)

[scieppan]

ge-sceap n

1. creation
   • ds gesceape
2. destiny
   • ap gesceapu

[scieppan]

ge-sceapenis f creation

• ds -nisse

ge-scendan (-scindan) WI put to shame, confound

• pret 3 sg -scende
• pp -scinded

[sceond]

ge-sceððan

6 harm, injure (w dat)

• pret 3 sg -scōd
• 3 pl -scōdan

[Ger schaden]

ge-scieppan (-scippan -scyppan) (principal parts: pret sg:-scōp (-scēop) pret pl:-scōpon (-scēopon_ pp:-sceapen (-scepen, -scæpen) ) create, make

• pret 3 sg -scōp, -scēop
• pp -sceapen
• pl -scæpene

ge-scīnan 1 illuminate (trans)

ge-scindan see:ge-scendan

ge-scipian WII provide with ships

• pp pl gescipode

ge-scyldan WI shield, protect

• opt 3 sg -scylde
• pp -scylded

ge-scyldnis f protection

• as -nysse

ge-scyrpan WI clothe, equip

• pp as -scyrpedne

[sceorp]

ge-scyrpla m garment

• np -scyrplan

ge-sēcan

WI seek

ge-secgan WIII say, tell

• pret 3 sg -sǣde
• pp -sǣd

ge-seglian WII sail

ge-segnian WII cross oneself

• pret 3 sg -segnode

[segn]

ge-selda m hall-companion, comrade, retainer

• ap geseldan

ge-sellan

WI give up, yield

• pret 3 pl -sealdon

ge-sēman WI

reconcile

[Mod seem]

ge-sēon (-sīon) (principal parts: pret sg:-seah pret pl:-sāwon (-sǣgon) pp:-sewen (-sawen -segen) ) see, observe, consider

• inf -sīon
• imp 2 sg -seoh
• pl -sēoð
• sg -sēo
• 2 sg -sihst
• 3 sg -sihð
• 1 pl -sēoð
• opt 2 sg -sēo
• 3 pl -sēon
• pret 2 sg -sāwe
• pp gesegen, gesawen, gesewen

ge-set n seat, habitation

• np gesetu

ge-setnis f foundation, composition, narrative, decree

• ds -nysse
• ap -nyssa

ge-settan WI

1. set, place, appoint
   • pret 3 sg gesette
   • pp geseted
   • pl -sette
2. compose, write
   • pret opt 3 sg -sette

ge-sēðan WI confirm

• pp pl -gesēðde

[sōð]

ge-sewenlīc adj visible

• np -līca

ge-sīclian WII sicken

• pp gesīcclod

[sēoc]

ge-siglan WI sail

ge-sihð (-syhð) f seeing, sight, presence

• ds -sihðe, -syhðe
• as -sihðe, -syhðe

ge-singan 3 sing

• pret 3 sg gesang
• pp gesungen

ge-sīon see:ge-sēon

ge-sittan

5 occupy

• pret 3 sg gesæt
• pp as -setenne (sit out)

ge-slēan 6 gain by fighting, win

• pret 3 pl geslōgon

ge-smyrian

WII annoint

ge-somnian (-samnian) WII collecty, assemble (trans)

• pp -samnod
• pl -ode

ge-somnung f collection, assembly

• gs -unga
• ds -unge

ge-sprec n

interview, counsel

ge-standan 6

1. stand
   • opt 3 sg -stonde
2. come upon
   • pret 3 sg gestōd

ge-staþelian WII establish, build, confirm

• pret 1 sg -staþelode
• pp -staðelad

ge-stæððig adj steadfast

• ds -stæððegan

ge-steall n establishment, foundation

ge-stīgan 1 ascend (trans)

• 2 sg -stīgest
• pret 3 sg -stāh

ge-stillan

WI

1. be still, cease (intr)
   • imp 2 sg gestille
   • pret 3 sg gestilde
   • pl gestildon
2. restrain, stop (trans)
   • pret opt 3 sg gestilde

ge-stīran (-stīeran, -stȳran) WI direct, restrain (w dat)

• pret opt 3 pl gestīrden

[stēor]

ge-strangian WII strengthen

• imp 2 sg -stranga
• opt 2 sg -strangie
• pret 2 sg -strangodest
• pp -strangod

ge-strēon n possession, property

• np -strēon

ge-strȳnan (-strīenan) WI (beget), acquire, win, gain

• 3 pl gestrynað
• pret opt 1 sg gestrynde

[ge-strēon]

ge-sund adj sound, whole, safe

• as -sundne
• np -sunde

ge-sundfull adj sound, whole

• ns -ful

ge-sundfullīce adv safely

• supl -līcost

ge-swǣs adj gentle

ge-sweorean 3

become dark, sad

• opt 3 sg -sweorce

ge-swīcan (principal parts: pret sg:-swāc pret pl:-swicon

pp:-swicen ) 1 cease, leave off (w gen)

• opt 2 pl -swȳcon
• pret opt 3 pl -swicon

ge-swinc n toil, effort, hardship

• gs -suinces, -swinces
• ds -swince

ge-swīns n harmony, melody

ge-swustor (-tru -tra)

f pl tant sisters

• ap geswustra

ge-swutelian (-sweotolian) show, make manifest

• 3 sg -swutelað
• pret 3 sg -swutelode
• pp -swutelod

ge-synto f prosperity

gēt see:gīet

ge-tæcan WI teach, show

• 1 sg getæce

ge-tācnian WII betoken, signify

• pret 3 sg -tācnode
• 3 pl -don
• pp -tācnod

ge-tācnung f signification, token, type

• ds -tācnunge

ge-tæl n number, order, narrative

• ds getele
• as getæl

ge-teld n tent, tabernacle

• ds getelde

ge-tellan WI tell, count, reckon

• pp geteald

ge-tengan WI hasten

• pret 3 sg getengde

ge-tēon (principal parts: pret sg:-tēah pret pl:-tugon pp:-togen ) 2 draw

• 3 sg -tȳhð
• pret 2 sg -tuge
• 3 sg -tēh
• pp pl getogene (instructed)

ge-tēorian WII diminish, fail, become exhausted

• pret 3 sg getēorode
• pp getēorod

ge-timbre n structure, building

• ap -timbro

ge-timbrian WII build

• 3 sg -timbreð
• pret 3 sg -timbrode

ge-tīmian WII happen

• pret 3 sg -tīmode

ge-tīðian WII grant (w dat of pers and gen of thing)

• 3 sg -tīðað
• pret opt 3 pl -tīþodon
• pp -tīþod

ge-toht n

battle

• ds getohte

ge-truma m troop, (military) division

• as -truman

ge-trymman WI prepare, strengthen, confirm

• ptc -trymmende
• pret 1 sg -trymede
• 3 sg -trymde

ge-tȳn

WI instruct

• pp getȳd

ge-ðæf adj (with gen)

favoring, confessing

ge-þafian WII permit, allow, consent to

• ptc -ðafiende
• 3 sg -þafað
• opt 2 sg -þafige
• pret opt 3 sg -ðafode

ge-þafung

f permission, assent

• ds -þafunge

ge-þand m n

thought, purpose

ge-þancian WII thank (w dat of pers and gen of thing)

• 1 sg -þancie

ge-þeaht f n

1. thought, purpose
   • ds geþeahte
2. council, deliberation

ge-þeahtere m councilor

• np -þeahteras

ge-ðencean WI think, take thought

ge-ðēodan WI join, associate

• pret 3 sg -ðēodde
• 3 pl -don

ge-ðēode (-ðīode) n language

• gs -ðēodes (nation)
• as -ðēode, -ðīode
• gp -ðēoda

ge-þēodnis f

association

• ds -nisse

ge-þicgean 5 take, receive

ge-þingian WII plead for

• pret opt 3 sg -þingode

ge-ðingð (ge-ðingðu) f dignity, rank, office

• ds -ðingðe
• as -ðincðu

[ðingan]

ge-þōht m thought

• ds -þōhte

ge-þolian WII permit, allow

ge-þrang n press, tumult

• ds geþrange

ge-þrȳðan WI strengthen, arm

• pp geþrȳðed

ge-ðungen (pp) adj grown, triven, perfected, competent, excellent, distinguished

• ap -ðungene
• ap ðungnestan

[ðēon]

ge-þwǣre adj concordant, at peace

ge-ðwǣrian WII make concordant

• 3 sg -ðwǣrað

ge-ðwǣr-lǣcan WI agree to, allow (w dat)

• pret 3 pl -lǣhton

ge-þwǣrnes f agreement, concord, peace

• as -nesse

ge-ðyld

n f patience

• gs -ðylde

[Ger Geduld]

ge-þyldig

adj patient

ge-þydlīce adv patiently

ge-uferian WII

exalt

• pp geuferod

ge-unnan PP grant (w dat of pers and gen of thing)

• opt 2 sg -unne

ge-un-trumian WII weaken, make ill

• pp geuntrumod

gē-wadan 6 go, advance

• pret 3 sg -wōd

ge-wǣgan WI weigh down, distress

• pp pl gewǣgde

ge-wald (weald) n power, control

ge-wǣpnian WII arm

• pret 3 sg -wǣpnode

ge-wealdan R wield, control (w gen)

• pret 3 sg -wēold
• pp ds gewaldenum

• gewaldenum controllable, inconsiderable, small

ge-wēman WI entice, bring over

ge-wemman WI

defile, impair, destroy

• pret 3 sg -wemde
• pp pl -wemmede

ge-wemmednis

f defilement

• ds -nysse

ge-wemming f

defilement

• ds -wemminge

ge-wendan WI return, go

• pret 3 sg -wende

ge-weorc n

1. work, labor
   • is -weorce
2. military work, fortification
   • ds -weorce

ge-weorðan (wurðan) (principal parts: pret sg:-wearð pret pl:-wurdon pp:-worden ) 3

1. happen, come to pass, become, be
   • 3 sg gewyrð
   • 3 pl gewurþað
   • opt 3 sg geweorðe
   • gewurðe þē and hym let it be between you
2. (impers w reflex acc)
   • swā swā hine silfne gewyrð according to his own decree

ge-weorðian WII honor

• pp -weorðad
• pl -weorðade

ge-wīcian

WII encamp, dwell

• 3 sg -wīcað
• pret 3 sg -wīcode
• pp -wīcod

ge-wilnian WII desire (w gen and acc)

• opt 3 sg -wilnige
• pret 3 sg -wilnode

ge-wilnung f wish, desire

• ds -unge
• np -unga

ge-win-dæg m

day of strife

• np -dagas

ge-winn n struggle, strife, battle

• gs -winnes
• ds -winne
• as -winn

ge-winnan 3 obtain by fighting, win, gain

• pret 3 pl -wunnon

ge-wiss adj certain of (w gen)

• ns gewis

ge-wissian WII

1. inform, instruct, enjoin (w dat)
   • pret 3 sg -wissode
2. guide, direct (w acc)

ge-wisslīce adv certainly

ge-wita m witness

ge-wītan (principal parts: pret sg:-wāt pret pl:-witon

pp:-witen ) 1

1. depart, swerve, fail
   • 1 pl -wītað, -wȳtað
   • imp 2 sg gewīt
   • 2 pl -witað
   • opt 3 sg gewīte
   • 3 pl -ten
   • pp pl gewitene
2. depart (from the world), die
   • 3 sg gewītt

ge-witenlīc adj transitory

ge-witennis f

departure, death

• gs -witenesse

ge-wītnian WII punish, chastise

• pp pl -wītnode

ge-witt n intelligence, understanding

• gs -wittes
• ds -witte

ge-wlitigian WII beautify, adorn

• pp gewlitigad

ge-wrecan 4 avenge

ge-write n writing, letter, scripture

• gs -writes
• as gewrit
• gp -writa
• ap -writu

ge-wrīðan 1

bind

• pp pl gewryðene

ge-wuldrian WII glorify

• pp gewuldrod

gewuna m habit, custom

• as -wunan

ge-wundian WII wound

• pret 3 sg -wundode
• pp -wundod

ge-wunelīc adj customary

ge-wunian WII

1. dwell, remain, live
   • opt 3 pl -wunien (cogn acc)

gewyldan WI bring into one's power, subdue

• pp gewyld

[ge-weald]

ge-wyrc(e)an WI work, make, create

• pret 1 sg -worhte
• pp geworht, geworct

ge-wyrdan WI injure, destroy

ge-wyrdelīc

adj historical

ge-wyrht f n work, deed, desert

ge-wyrman WI

warm

• pp gewyrmed

ge-wyrpan WI recover (from injury or disease)

• pret 3 sg gewyrpte

ge-wyrtian WII season with herbs, spice, perfume

• pp gewyrtad

ge-yrsian WII be angry with (w dat)

gieddian (gyddian)

WII recite, speak

• pret 3 sg gieddade

giedding f

utterance

• ap gieddinga

giefan (gifan gyfan) (principal parts: pret sg:geaf pret pl:gēafon

pp:giefen ) 5 give

• ptc gifende
• 3 sg gifð

gief-stōl m seat of a lord (giving gifts)

• ap giefstōlas

giefu (gifu gyfu) f gift

• ns gifu
• ds gife, giefe
• as gife, giefe, gyfe
• gp gifena, gyfena, geofena, geofona

gielp (gilp gylp) m n

boasting, arrogance, pride

• ns gilp
• gs gielpes
• ds gylpe

gielpan (gylpan) 2 boast (w gen)

• inf gylpan

gielt (gilt gylt) m guilt, offence, sin

• ds gylte
• ap gieltas, gyltas

gīeman (gȳman gēman) WI care for, observe, regard (w gen)

• 3 sg gȳmð
• pret 3 sg gēmde, gȳmde
• 3 pl gȳmdon
• pret opt 3 sg gȳmde

gīemen (gȳmen) f care, oversight, responsibility

• gs gīemenne

gīet (gīt gȳt gēt gīta gȳta) adv yet, besides, further, still

gif conj if

gīfernes f greediness

• gs -nesse

gīfre

adj greedy

gifu see:giefu

gilp see:gielp

gilt see:gielt

gimm (gymm) m gem

• ns gim
• ds gimme
• gp gimma

gim-stān m precious stone, gem

• np -stānas
• gp -stāna
• ap -stānas

gin-fæst (ginn-) adj ample, liberal

gīo (gēo gīu gȳu īu īo) adv formerly, before, of old

• īu ǣr
• ðā gȳu already
• gȳt ... gū yet of old

giond see:geond

gīsel (gȳsel)

m hostage

• ns gȳsel
• ds gīsle
• ap gīslas

[Ger Geisel]

git see:ðū

gīt

see:gīet

gītsian WII desire

• ptc dp gītsigendum

glæd adj glad, happy, bright, shining

• ds glædum, gladum
• as glædne
• supl ns gladost

glædlīce adv gladly

glæd-mōd adj glad-hearted

• np -mōde

glǣm m gleam, splendor

glæs n glass

glēaw

adj wise, prudent

• np glēawe

Glēaw-ceaster f

Gloucester

• ds -ceastre

glēaw-mōd adj wise, sagacious

gleng m f ornament

• np glengeas
• ap glengas

glengan WI adorn

• 3 sg glengeð

glēowian WII be merry, jest

• ptc glēowiende

glīdan (principal parts: pret sg:glād pret pl:glidon pp:gliden ) 1 glide

glīw (glīg glēo)

n glee, mirth

• ds glīwe

glīw-stæf m

joy

• dp glīwstafum

gnornian WII mourn, lament

• ptc gnorngende

God m God

• gs Godes
• ds Gode
• np godo
• gp goda
• ap godu

gōd adj good

• ns good
• as gōd, gōde, gōdan
• np goode
• gp gōdra, gōdena
• comp ns betera (bettera), betra, betere, betre
• supl ns betsta
• supl is bestan
• supl np betstan

gōd n

1. benefit
   • ds goode
   • as good
   • gp gooda, gōda
2. goods, possessions

God-bearn n Son of God

• gs -bearnes

god-cund adj divine

• gs -cundre
• ds -cundre
• np -cundan
• gp -cundra
• dp -cundan

god-cundlīc adj divine

• gs -līcan
• as -līce

god-cundlīce adv divinely

god-cundnis f

divine nature, divinity

• gs -nesse
• ds -nysse
• as -nesse

gōd-dǣd f good deed

Godmundinga-hām m

Goodmanham (Bernicia)

god-spell n gospel

• ds -spelle
• as -spel

god-spellere m evangelist

• ns -spellere
• np -spelleras

god-spellīc adj evangelical

• ds -spellīcan

god-sunu m god-son

god-webb n

purple (cloth)

• as godweb
• ds -webbe

gold

n gold

• gs goldes
• ds golde

gold-fæt n golden vessel

• ds -fate

gold-hord

n m treasure

gold-smið m goldsmith

• np -smiðas

gold-wine m (gold-friend), treasure giver, lord

gomol adj old

• ns gomel

[*ga-mǣl]

gong (gang) m path, course

• as gang, gong

gongan (gangan, gengan) R go, walk, advance, march

• ptc gongende, gangænde
• imp 2 sg gang
• opt 2 pl gangon

Got-land n Jutland, Gothland (island in the Baltic sea)

grǣdelīce see:grǣdiglīce

grǣdig

adj greedy

• as grǣdigne

grǣdiglīce (grǣdelīce) adv

greedily

grǣg adj gray

• is grǣgan
• as grǣge

gram adj grim, angry, fierce, cruel

• np grame
• ap graman

grama m anger, wrath

• gs graman

grānung f groaning

græs-wong m

grassy plain

• ds -wonge

Grēcisc adj Greek

grēne adj green

• np grēne
• ap grēnan

grēot n gravel, sand, earth

• gs grēotes
• ds grēote
• as grēot

grētan WI

greet

• 3 sg grēteð, grēt
• opt 3 sg grēte
• pret 3 sg grētte

grimm adj fierce, cruel

• ap grimme

grimme (grymme) adv grimly

grindan 3 grind, sharpen

• pp pl gegrundene

grið n peace

[ON grið]

grōwan (principal parts: pret sg:grēow pret pl:grēwon pp:grōwen ) R grow

• opt 3 sg grōwe

grund m ground, bottom, earth, country, world

• ds grunde
• as grund
• ap grundas

grundlunga adv

from the foundation, completely

gryre-lēoð n song of terror

• gp -lēoða

gū-dǣd (īu-dǣd) f former deed

• gp -dǣda

guma m man, hero

• np guman
• gp gumena

gūð f battle

• gs gūþe

[cf Mod gon-falon]

gūð-freca m warrior, valiant one

• ds -frecan

gūð-hafoc m war-hawk

gūð-plega m war-play, battle

gūð-rinc m warrior

gyden f goddess

• ap gydena

[god]

gyft (gift gieft) f (technically) marriage payment, dowry

• pl marriage

[Mod gift]

gyfl n food

gyfu see:giefu

gyldan (gieldan) 3 pay, requite

• 3 sg gylt, gilt
• 3 pl gyldað

gylden adj golden

• ds gyldenum
• dp gyldnum

gylp, gylpan see:gielp, gielpan

gylp-word n boastful word

• dp -wordum

gylt see:gielt

gȳman see:gīeman

gȳme-lēast (gīeme-lēast, -līest)

f neglect

• ds -lēaste

gym-stān see:gim-stān

gym-wyrhta m (gem-wright), jeweller

• np -wyrhtan

gyrd f rod, twig

• gp gyrda
• ap gyrda

gyrdan WI gird

• pret 3 sg gyrde

gyrela m robe, dress, garment

gyrn m f sorrow, misfortune

• is gyrne

gyrnan WI yearn, desire, be eager, strive

• 3 sg gyrneð

[georn]

gyst (giest) m guest, stranger

• np gystas

gyt see:ðū

gȳt, gȳta see:gīet

gȳtsere m miser

gȳtsung f avarice

• gs gȳtsunge

[gītsian]

H

habban WIII

have

• ger habbanne, hæbbenne
• 1 sg hæbbe
• 2 sg hafast, hæfst
• 3 sg hafað, hæfð
• 1 pl habbað
• opt 1 sg hæbbe
• opt 3 pl hæbben
• pret 3 sg hæfde
• pret 3 pl hæfdon

see:(see næbban)

hād m condition, rank, office

• gs hādes
• ds hāde
• as hād
• np hādas
• gp hāda

[Mod -hood]

hādor adj bright, clear

[Ger heiter]

hǣdre adv

clearly (light or sound)

hādung f ordination

• ds -unge

hafenian WII raise, lift up

• pret 3 sg hafenode

[hebban]

hafoc m hawk

hæftan WI seize, bind, make captive

• pp pl gehæfte

hæfting f captivity

• as hæftinga

hægel (hægl hagol) m hail

• ns hægl
• gs hægles
• is hagle

hægl-faru

f hail-storm

• as -fare

hāl adj

hale, whole, sound, uninjured

• ds hālum
• np hāle

hǣl (hālor)

n welfare, salvation

Hǣlend m Saviour, Christ

• ds Hǣlende, Hǣlendum
• as Hǣlende

hālettan WI greet, salute

• pret 3 sg hālette

hæleð (hæle) m man, hero, warrior

• ns hæle
• np hæleð
• gp hæleða

[Ger Held]

hālga

m saint

• np hālgan
• gp hālgena

hālgian WII hallow, consecrate

• pret 1 pl hālgodon

Hālgo-land

n Halgoland (a district of ancient Norway)

hālig adj holy

• ns hāliga
• gs hālgan
• ds hālgan
• as hālig
• gp hāligra, hālegra
• is hālgestan (saints)

hālignes f holiness, religion

• gs -nesse

hǣlo (hǣlu) f salvation

• gs hǣle
• ds hǣle
• as hǣle, hǣlo

hals (heals)

m neck

[Ger Hals]

hālsian WII greet, address, entreat, implore

• 1 sg hālsige
• pret 3 sg hālsode

[hāl]

hālsung f

entreaty

• ds -unge

hālwende adj salutary

hām m home

• ds hāme, hām
• ap hāmas
• adv hām

hamor m hammer

• gp hamora

Hām-tūn-scīr (-scȳr) f Hampshire

• ds -scīre

hām-weard adv homewards

hām-weardes adv

homewards

han-crēd m cock-crowing (a division of the night)

• ds -crēde

hand see:hond

hand-bred n palm of the hand

hand-ge-weorc n handiwork

• ds -weorce

hand-plega

m hand-play or encounter, fighting

• gs -plegan

hār adj

hoary, gray, old

• ns hāra

hara m hare

hærfest m harvest, autumn

• ds -feste

[Ger Herbst]

hǣs f behest, command

• gs hǣse

[hātan]

haso adj dark, dusky

• ns haswa

haso-pād (hasu-) adj having a gray coat (of an eagle)

• as -pādan

haswig-feðre

adj dusky-feathered

• ns -feðra

hāt adj

hot, fervid

• ds hātan
• np hāte

hātan

(principal parts: 3 sg pres:heht pret sg:hēt,hātte pret pl:hēton pp:hāten ) R

1. order, command
   • 1 sg hāte
   • 3 sg hāteð
   • pret 3 sg heht, heht, hēt
2. name
   • 3 sg hǣt
   • 1 pl ha-tað
3. passive hātte: be called, hight
   • pl hātene

hāte adv

hotly

• supl hātost

hāt-heort adj hot of heart, passionate

hāt-heorte f hot heart, anger

• ds -heortan

hatian WII hate

• 3 sg hatað
• imp 2 pl hatiað
• opt 3 sg hatige

hǣtu (hǣto) f heat

hǣðen

adj heathen

• ns hǣþena
• np hǣþene, hǣþnan
• gp -enra

hǣðen-gyld n idolatry

hǣðen-gylda m

idolater

• np -gyldan
• dp -gyldum

hǣen-scipe

m heathendom, idolatry

Hǣðum (æt Hǣðum) Haddeby (now Schleswig)

• ns æt Hǣðum
• ds (of) Hǣðum, (tō)

hē (hēo hit) 3d pers pron he, she, it, pl they

• m ns hē
• m gs his
• m ds him
• m as hine
• f ns hēo, hīo
• f ds hire
• n ns hit
• n gs his
• np hīe, hī, hȳ, hēo
• gp hiera, hira, hyra, heora, hiora
• dp him, heom
• as hīe, hī, hēo

hēaf m f n mourning, lamentation

heafela (heafola) m

head

• np heafelan

hēafod n head

• gs hēafdes
• ds hēafde
• as hēafod
• is hēafde
• ap hēafdu

hēafod-burh f chief city, metropolis

hēafod-monn m chief man

• ap -menn

hēah adj high

• ns hēa, hēah
• gs hēan
• ds hēan
• as hēahne, hēanne, hēane, hēa
• comp ns hērra
• comp ds hīerran
• comp as hȳrran
• comp np hīerran
• supl ns hēhste
• supl gs hīehstan, hēhstan

hēah-cyning m high king, God

hēah-dīacon m archdeacon

• np -dīaconas

hēah-engel m archangel

• ds -engle

hēah-fæder

m patriarch

• ds -fædere
• np -fæderas

hēah-ge-rēfa m high reeve, chief officer

• ds -gerēfan

hēah-mōd

adj proud

hēah-seld (-setl) n high seat, throne

• ds -setle
• as -seld

hēah-setl see:hēah-seld

hēah-ðungen

pp adj highly prospered, of high rank

• np -ðungene

healdan (principal parts: pret sg:hēold

pret pl:hēoldon pp:healden ) R hold, possess, preserve, regard, observe

• ger healdanne, -enne
• opt 2 sg healde
• pret 2 sg hēolde
• pret 3 pl hīoldan
• pret opt 1 pl hēoldan
• pret opt 3 pl hēoldon

healf f half, part, side

• as healfe
• is healfe
• ap healfe
• ds healfe
• gp healfa

• on heora healfe on their own part only
• on healfa gehwām on every side

healf adj half

• ds healfum
• np healfe
• as healf gēar
• ds ōðrum healfum lǣs þe a year and a half less than
• gs bynnan fēorðan healfes dæges fæce see:(see fēorðan)

hēalic adj high, exalted, glorious

• ds -līcum

heall f hall

• ds healle

healt adj halt, lame

• ap healte

hēan

adj low, mean, abject, depressed, humbled

• ds hēanan

[Ger Hohn]

hēanlīc

adj ignominious

hēannis f height, highness, excellence

• as -nesse

hēap m heap, crowd, multitude

heard adj hard, severe, cruel, intrepid, brave

• gs heardes
• ds heardum
• comp
• ns heardra

heardlīce adv stoutly, bravely

heardnis f

hardness

• as -nysse

hearm m harm, injury, grief

• gp hearma

hearm adj harmful, hostile

• gp hearmra

hearpe f harp

• ds hearpan

hearpere m harper

• gs hearperes
• ds hearpere

hearpian WII harp

• pret 3 sg hearpode

hearpung f harping

• ds -unga

hearra m lord

[Ger Herr]

hēarsum (hȳrsum) adj

obedient (w dat)

heaðerian WII restrain

• 3 sg heaðerað

heaðo-lind f war-linden, shield

• ap -linde

heaðo-rōf adj famed in battle

• gs -rōfes

hēawan (principal parts: pret sg:hēow pret pl:hēowon pp:hēawen ) R hew, cut, cut down, kill (trans and intr)

• imp 2 pl hēawað

hebban (principal parts: pret sg:hōf pret pl:hōfon pp:hafen,hæfen ) 6

heave, raise, lift up

• 3 sg hefeð
• 3 pl hebbað

hefig

adj heavy, oppressive

• dp hefegum
• comp
• np hefigran

hefigian WII oppress

• pp hefgad

hefignes f heaviness, weight

• as -nesse

hefig-tīme adj oppressive, irksome

helan 4 conceal

[ger hehlen]

hell f hell

• gs helle

helle-sūsl n hell-torment

• ds -sūsle

hellīc

adj hellish

• ds -an

hell-sceaða m

hell-fiend

• np helsceaðan

hell-waran (-ware, -waras) m pl inhabitants of hell

• gp -wara

help f help

• as helpe

helpan (principal parts: pret sg:healp pret pl:hulpon pp:holpen ) 3

help (w gen or dat)

• opt 3 sg helpe

hēo see:hē

heofon (heofone, f) m heaven

• gs heofenes, heofones, heofenan, heofonan
• as heofon, heofenan (or ap)
• gp heofena
• ap heofonas

heofon-cyning

m King of heaven

• gs -cyninges

Heofon-feld m

Heavenfield (Bernicia)

heofon-hrōf n roof or vault of heaven

• ds heofunhrōfe

heofonlīc adj heavenly

• ns heofenlīc, heofenlīca
• gs -līcan, lecan
• ds -līcan
• as -līce
• is -lecan

heofon-rīce n kingdom of heaven

• gs -rīces

heofon-tungol n m star of heaven

hēofung f lamentation, grieving

• ds -unge

heolstor (heolster) m darkness, concealment, cover

• ns heolster
• is heolstre

heolstor-cofa m chamber of darkness

• np -cofan

heonon adv hence

heonon-weard

adj hence-ward, passing away

heord f guardianship, keeping, care

• as heorde

heoro-drēorig adj dejected, crestfallen, sad unto death

• gs -drēoriges

[heoro sword, drēosan]

heort (heorot) m hart, stag

heorte f heart

• gs heortan

heorð-ge-nēat m hearth-companion, retainer

• np -genēatas

heorð-werod n body of hearth-companions, retainers

heow n (?)

haw, enclosure

[haga]

hēr adv

1. here
2. in this year

here m army (the Danish army)

• gs herges
• ds herige
• as here
• is herige
• np hergas

[Ger Heer]

here-flȳma m fugitive from the army or from battle

• ap -flȳman

here-geatu f war-equipment, arms

[cf Mod heriot]

here-hȳð

f war-spoil, booty

• as -hȳð
• ds -hȳðe
• ap -hȳða

here-lāf f remainder of an army

herenis f

praise

• ds -nesse, -nisse

here-toga m leader of an army, chief

[Ger Herzog]

here-wīc f n dwelling

hergað m harrying, plundering

hergian WII harry, ravage, plunder

• 3 pl hergiað
• pret 3 sg hergode
• pl -on
• pp gehergod

[here]

herian (herigean) WI praise

• inf herigean
• 1 sg herige
• 1 pl heriað
• 3 pl hergað

[Goth hasjan]

herig (hearh)

m (idolatrous) temple, sanctuary

• ds herige
• as herig
• ap hergas

herigendlīce adv praiseworthily

heriung (herung) f

praise

• ds herunge

hērsumian see:hȳrsumian

hettend m enemy

• np hettend, hettende

hicgan

see:hycgan

hider (hieder) adv hither

• hidres ðidres hither and thither

hider-cyme m coming hither, advent

hīeran (hīran, hȳran, hēran) WI

1. hear
   • pret 3 sg hīerde
   • 1 pl hȳrdon
2. hear, obey (w dat)
   • inf hȳran
   • pret 1 sg hȳrde
3. belong
   • 3 sg hȳrð
   • 3 pl hȳrað

hierde (hirde, hyrde) m shepherd, pastor, guardian, guard

• ns hirde, hyrde
• np hierdas, hyrdas
• dp hirdum, hyrdon
• ap hierdas, hyrdas

[heord]

hierde-bōc f pastoral treatise

hīere-monn m follower, subject

• np -menn

[hīeran]

hige see:hyge

hīgian WII hie, hasten, strive

hild f battle, war

• ds hilde

hilde-rinc m warrior

hindan adv

from behind, behind

hindan-weard adj hindward

hinder-weard adj backward, slow

hiord (heord) f herd, flock

hirde- see:hierde-

hierde-lic (hirde-, hyrde-) adj pastoral

• gs hirdelecan

hīrēd

m n family, household

• ds hīrēde

[<hīw + rǣd; Ger Heirat]

hīrēd-monn

m retainer

• np -men

hit see:hēo

hīw (hēo) n hue, appearance

• gs hīwes, hȳwes
• ds hīwe, hȳwe
• is hīwe

hladan (principal parts: pret sg:hlōd pret pl:hlōdon

pp:hladen ) 6 load, draw water, lade, imbibe

hlǣder f ladder

• as hlǣdre

hlāf m loaf, bread

hlāford m

lord, master, ruler

• ds hlāforde

[<hlāf + weard]

hlāford-lēas adj

without a lord

hlǣw m n mound, hill, mountain

• np hlǣwas

hlēapan R leap

• pret 3 sg hlēop

hlēo (hlēow)

1. n protection, shelter
2. m protector, lord

hleonian (hlinian, hlynian)

WII lean, incline, slope

• 3 sg hleonað
• opt 3 pl hlynigen recline (at a feast)

hlēoðor n sound, harmony, song

• gs hlēoðres
• gp hlēoþra

hlēoðor-cwide m (audible) utterance, command

hlēoðrian WII cry aloud, proclaim, sing

• 3 pl hlēoðriað

hlīfigan WII tower, rise high

• 3 pl hlīfiað

hlihhan (hliehhan, hlyhhan) 6 laugh

• pret 3 sg hlōh

hlinc m declivity, hill

• np hlincas

hlīsa m fame, renown

• gs hlīsan

• hlīsfullīce, adv with renown, famously

hlot n lot

hlōð f band, troop

hlūd adj loud

• ds hlūddre
• is hlūde (or adv)

hlūtor (hlūttor) adj

clear, pure

• ns hlūttor
• ds hlūttrum
• as hlūter
• is hlūttre
• ap hlūtor

[Ger lauter]

hlyn

m sound

hlynian see:hleonian

hlyst f

listening

hnæppan WI rest upon, strike

• opt 3 pl hnæppen

hof n court, dwelling

• ds hofe

[Ger Hof]

hogian WII think, reflect, resolve

• imp 2 pl hogiað
• pret 3 sg hogode
• 3 pl -on
• pret opt 3 sg hogode
• pp gehogod

hold adj gracious, favorable, faithful

• as holdost

[Ger hold]

holm m sea, ocean

holm-þracu f wave-tumult, sea

• as -þræce

holt n holt, grove, forest, wood

• gs holtes

holt-wudu m forest, grove

• ds -wuda

hōn (principal parts: pret sg:hēng pret pl:hēngon pp:hongen ) R hang (trans)

• pp gehongen laden

• pl gehongene

hond (hand) f hand

• ds honda, handa
• as hond, hand

• on gehwæþre hond on both sides

• dp handum, handon

hongian WII hang (intr)

• inf hangian
• 3 pl hongiað

hopian WII hope

• opt 1 pl hopien

hord n m hoard, treasure

hord-cofa m (treasure-chamber), breast, heart

• as -cofan

hordian WII hoard

• 3 sg hordað

horn m horn

• np hornas

hors n horse

• gp horsa
• dp horsan
• ap hors

hors-hwæl m walrus

hors-þegn m horse-thane, an officer of the royal household

hosp m contempt, insult

• ds hospe

hrā (hrāw, hrǣ, hrǣw) m corpse

• ap hrā

[Goth hraiw]

hræd adj rapid, quick

• ds hrædum
• is hræde

[Ger hurtig, rasch]

hrædlīce (hradlīce) adv

quickly, soon

• comp hrædlīcor

hræd-wyrde adj quick, hasty of speech

hræfn (hremm) m raven

• np hremmas

hrægel (hrægl) n garment

• ds hrægle
• as hrægl

[Mod obs rail]

hrān m reindeer

• gs hrānes

hraðe (hrade, hræðe, raðe) adv quickly, soon

• supl radost

hrā-wērig adj weary in body

hrēam m cry, noise, clamor, lamentation

hrēman see:hrȳman

hrēmig adj exultant (w gen or dat)

• ns hrēmig
• np hrēmige, hremge

hremm see:hræfn

hremman WI hinder

• opt pret 3 sg hremde

hrēo (hrēoh) adj rough, rude, savage, fierce, severe

• ns hrēoh
• as hrēoge
• gp hrēora

hrēodan (principal parts: pret sg:hrēad pret pl:hrudon pp:gehroden )

2 adorn

hrēofla m leper

• ap hrēoflan

[hrēof, rough]

hrēohnes f roughness

• ds -nesse

hrēosan (principal parts: pret sg:hrēas pret pl:hruron pp:hroren ) 2 fall

• ptc hrēosende
• 3 pl hrēosað

hrēowan 2

rue, repent of

hrēowsung f repentance

• ds -unge

hrepian WII touch, treat

• 3 sg hrepað
• pret 3 sg hrepode

hrēran WI stir

[Ger ruehren]

hreðer

m n heart, thought

• gp hreþra

hrīm m

rime, hoarfrost

• gs hrīmes
• as hrīm
• is hrīme

hrīm-ceald adj rime-cold

• as -cealde

hrīnan (principal parts: pret sg:hrān pret pl:hrinon pp:hrinen ) 1 touch, smite

hring m ring, circle; border; ornaments

• ds is hringe
• as hrincg
• ap hringas

hring-loca m corslet (formed of rings)

• ap -locan

hrīð f(?) snow-storm

hrōf m

roof

• gs hrōfes
• ds hrōfe

Hrōfes-ceaster

f Rochester

• ds -ceastre

hrūse f

earth

• gs hrūsan

hrycg m ridge, back

hrȳman (hrīeman, hrēman) WI cry out, lament, exult, boast (w gen)

• inf hrēman
• ptc hrȳmende

hryre m fall, death

• gs hryres (?)

[hrēosan]

hrȳðer (hrīðer, hrīð) n cattle

• gp hrȳðera

[Mod rother beasts; Ger Rind]

hryðig adj storm-beaten (?), tottering (?)

• np hryðge

hū adv how

Humbre f the Humber

hund m dog

• np hundas

hund num hundred

• ap hunde

hund-feald

adj hundredfold

• as -fealdne

hund-eahtatig

num eighty

hund-nigontig num ninety

hund-twelftig num

hundred and twenty

• gs -twelftiges

hungor (hunger) m hunger, famine

• gs hungres
• ds hungre
• as hunger
• is hungre
• ap hungras

hunig n honey

hunig-swe-te adj honey-sweet, mellifluous

• ds -swēttre

hunta m hunter

• np huntan

huntoð (huntað)

m hunting

• ds huntoðe

huru adv

certainly, indeed, especially, perhaps, about

hūs n house

• ds hūse
• as hūs
• np hūs

hūsl n housle, eucharist

• gs hūsles
• as hūsl

hūsl-gang m

attendance upon, or partaking of, the eucharist

hwā (hwæt) pron

1. (interr) who, what
   • ns hwā, huā, hwæt
   • gs hwæs
   • ds hwām
   • as hwæt
   • ds tō hwǣm, for hwǣm wherefore
   • is hwī, hwȳ, for hwī, for hwȳ, for hwon, for hwan why, wherefore
   • hwæt, interj what! lo! behold!
2. (indef) anyone, anything
   • ns hwā, hwæt
   • swā hwā swā whosoever
   • ds hwǣm
   • as hwæne someone
   • swā hwæt swā whatsoever
   • tō ðæs hwon however

hwæl m whale

• gs hwales, hwæles
• np hwalas

hwæl-hunta m whale-fisher

• np -huntan

hwæl-huntað m whale-fishing

hwanan see:hwonan

hwænne see:hwonne

hwǣr (hwār) adv

1. (interr) where, wherever
2. (indef) everywhere, anywhere
   • wel hwǣr nearly everywhere
   • swā hwǣr swā wheresoever

hwæt see:hwā

hwǣte m

wheat

hwæt-hwugu (-hwegu)

1. pron something
2. adv somewhat

hwæðer pron adj

1. (interr) whether, which of two
   • as hwæðerne, hwæðer
2. (indef)
   • ds bī swā hwaþerre efes swā on whichever side

hwæðer conj adv whether

hwæðre (hwæðere, hwæþere) adv however, nevertheless

hwearfian WII turn, revolve, move (intr)

• ptc hwearfiende
• 3 sg hwearfað
• 3 pl hwearfiað

hwelc see:hwilc

hwēne see:hwōn

hwēol n wheel

• gs hwēoles
• np hwēol

hweorfan (principal parts: pret sg:hwearf

pret pl:hwurfon pp:hworfen ) 3 turn, return, move, go, come (intr)

• 3 sg hwerfð
• 3 pl hweorfað
• imp 2 pl hweorfað

hwider (hwæder) adv whither

• swā hwider swā whithersoever

hwierfan (hwirfan, hwyrfan) WI turn, return (intr)

• ptc hwyrfende
• 2 sg hwyrfest
• imp 2 sg hwyrf
• pret 3 sg hwirfde
• 3 pl hwirfdon

hwīl f while, time

• ds hwīle

• ðā hwīle ðe the while that, while
• ealle hwīle all the while
• ealle ðā hwīle þe all the while that
• ōðre hwīle ... ōðre hwīle at one time ... at another time
• dp hwīlum, hwīlon sometimes

hwilc (hwylc, hwelc) pron adj which, what (interr or indef)

• ds hwilcere, hwlcum
• as hwylc
• np hwilce, hwylce, hwelce, hwelc

• ns swā hwelc swā whosoever

hwīl-wende adj temporary, transitory

• ap l-wendan

hwīl-wendlīc (wīl-, -endlīc)

adj temporary, transitory

• ns hwīlendlīc
• gs wīlwendlīces
• as -līcan
• dp wīlwendlecum

hwylc see:hwilc

hwīl-wendlīce adv temporarily

hwirfan see:hwierfan

hwīt

adj white

• gs hwītes
• as hwīt

hwōn n trifle

• as (adv) hwōn

• is hwēne (adv) a little, somewhat

hwonan (hwanan) adv whence

hwōnlīce adv moderately, slightly

hwonne (hwanne, hwænne) adv when (interr or indef)

• nū hwonne just now, at any time

hwōpan R (boast), threaten

hwylc

see:hwilc

hwyrfan see:hwierfan

hycgan (hicgan) WIII think, resolve

• inf hicgan
• opt 3 sg hycge

hȳd

f hide

• ds hȳde

hyge (hige)

m mind, heart

• ns hige
• ds hige
• is hige

hyge-gǣls adj hesitating, slow, sluggish

• ns -gǣlsa

[gǣlan]

hyht (hiht) m hope

• ns hiht

hyhtlīce adv joyfully

hyldo f grace, favor

[hold]

hynan (hīenan, hēnan) WI treat with insult, despise, injure, lay low, fell

• pret 3 sg hȳnde

[hēan]

hȳran see:hieran

hyrde see:hierde

hyrne f corner

• ds hyrnan
• np hyrnan

[horn]

hyrned-nebb adj having a horny beak

• as -nebban

hȳrsumian (hērsumian) WII obey (w dat)

• 1 pl hērsumiað
• 3 pl hȳrsumiað
• pret 3 pl hērsumedon

hyse

m young man, warrior

• gs hysses
• np hyssas
• gp hyssa

I

ic first pers pron I

• gs min
• ds mē
• as mec (mē)
• dual nom wit, wyt
• dual gen uncer (twēga)
• dual dat unc (bām)
• dual acc unc
• np we
• gp ūre
• dp ūs
• ap ūsic, ūs

īdel (ȳdel) adj idle, vain, useless, empty, desolate

• ns ȳdel
• gs īdles
• ds īdelum
• as īdlan
• np īdlan, idlu

• on idel adv, in vain

idig (?) adj

greedy (?)

• np idge

ieldra see:yldra

ierming (earming) m poor, wretched one

• gp ierminga

īeðian (yðian)

WII fluctuate

• ptc ieðegende

iggað (īgað, īgeoþ, īgott) m

eyot, small island

• ds igeoðe
• as iggað

īg-lond

n island

• ds iglande
• as igland
• np igland
• gp -landa

ilca (ylca) pron the same

• ns ylca, ilce
• gs ilcan
• ds ilcan
• as ilcan, ilce
• is ilcan, ylcan

Ilfing the Elbing

in prep w acc dat; adv in, into

in-bryrdnis f inspiration, ardor

• as -nisse, -nesse

inca m scruple, offence, ill-will

• ds incan

incer dual poss pron of you two

• as incre

in-cund adj inward

• ds incundan

in-dryhten adj very noble

in-dryhto f honor, glory

in-fær n entrance

in-ge-hīd (-hygd) f thought, purpose

in-ge-ðonc m n thought, mind

• is -ðonce

in-gong

m entrance

• gs -ganges
• ds -gonge
• as -gong

in-gongan R go in

• ptc -gongende

innan

1. prep (w dat, acc) in, within
2. adv

innan-bordes (gen) adv within borders, at home

inne adv

within, inside, in

intinga m cause, sake, occasion

in-tō [(cf. in and tō)] prep (w dat and acc)

into, to, against

in-weard adj inward, earnest; adv within

• ds -weardre

in-weardlīce adv inwardly, deeply

in-wit (in-wid) n guile, wickedness

in-wit (in-widd) adj hateful, malign

• ns inwitta

īo

see:gio

īowan (ēowan, īewan) WI show, expound

īra-land (īr-land) n

1. Ireland
   • ds Irlande
2. (probably an error for Iceland)

īren (īsen, īsern) n iron

irnan see:yrnan

is see:beon

īs n ice

• ds īse

īsen (ȳsen, īsern, īren) adj iron, made of iron

• ap ȳsenan

īu see:gīo

Iūdēas n pl the Jews

Iūdēisc adj Jewish

• np Jūdēiscan

iugoð see:geogoð

iung see:geong

L

lā interj lo! behold!

• hwæt lā
• wēi lā wēi alas!

lāc n present, offering, sacrifice

• ds lāce
• as lāc
• ap lāc

[cf. Mod wed-lock]

lācan (principal parts: 3 sg pres:leolc

pret sg:lēc pret pl:lēcon pp:lācen ) R leap, play, sport

• 3 pl lācað

lǣce m leech, physician

• ds lǣce
• np lǣcas, lǣceas
• ap lǣcas

lǣce-dōm m medicine, remedy

lācnian WII treat with medical skill, cure

• 3 sg lācnað

lǣdan WI lead, conduct, bring

• 2 sg lǣdest
• 3 sg lǣt
• opt 3 sg lǣde
• pret 3 sg lǣdde
• pret 3 pl -on

Lǣden (Leden, Lyden) adj Latin

• ns Lēden
• gs Lēdenes
• ds Lǣdene, Lēdenum, Lēdene
• as Lǣden, Lȳden

Lǣden-bōc (Lyden-)

f Latin book

Lǣden-ge-ðēode (-ðiode) n Latin language

• gs -ðīodes
• as -ðīode

Lǣden-ware pl m Latin people, Romans

lāf f remnant, remainder

• daroða lāf leavings of darts, survivors of battle
• gs lāfe inheritance
• ds tō lāf remaining
• as wyrmes lāfe
• swoles lāfe: survival of the burning;
• ādes lāfe
• fȳres lāfe
• dp hamora lāfum leavings of hammers, swords

lǣfan WI leave

• pret 3 sg lǣfde
• pret 3 pl -don

lagu (lago)

m sea, lake, water

[Ger Lache]

lagu-flōd m ocean-flood, sea

• gp -floda

lagu-lād f ocean-way, sea

• as -lade

lagu-strēam m ocean-stream, sea, river

• np -strēamas

Lǣ-land n Laaland (Denmark)

lām m loam, clay

• is lāme

lǣn n loan

• ds lǣne

[Ger Lehen]

land see:lond

land-ār

f possessions in land

• ap -āre

lǣne adj

granted as a loan, temporary, transitory, perishable

• gs lǣnan
• as lǣnne
• np lǣne

lane (lone, lonu) f lane, street

• ap lonan, lanan

Langa-land n Langeland (Denmark)

langian WII cause longing (impers w acc of pers)

langsum adj long, lasting a long time

• gs -suman
• ds -sumum

langung f longing, grief

• ds -unga

lār f lore, teaching, learning, doctrine, advice

• gs lāre
• ds lāre
• as lāre
• ap lāra

lār-cwide

m precept, instruction

lǣran WI teach, advise, exhort

• ger lǣranne
• ptc lǣrende
• 1 sg lǣre
• 3 sg lǣrð, lǣreð
• 3 pl lǣrað
• opt 3 sg lǣre
• pp lǣred, gelǣred

lārēow

m teacher

• gs lārēowes
• as lārēow
• np lārēowas
• gp lārēowa
• ap lārēowas

[ON lēro, lēreo]

lārēow-dōm (lārīow-) m instruction

• gs -dōmes, lārīow-
• ds lārīowdōme
• as -dom

lǣrig m edge, border (of a shield)

lǣs comp adv less

• þe lǣs the less
• þe lǣs conj lest (w opt)
• þy lǣs conj lest (w opt)
• þi lǣs conj lest (w opt)

lǣssa comp adj less

• ns lǣsse
• ds lǣssan
• as lǣsse, lǣssan
• supl lǣst
• supl ns lǣsta; lǣsste

lǣst see:lǣssa

lāst m track, footprint

• ds on lāste: behind
• as on lāst lecgan: follow
• ap lāstas lecgan: go

lǣtan (principal parts: 3 sg pres:leort pret sg:let pret pl:leton

pp:lǣten ) R let, allow, leave

• 3 sg lǣt
• 3 pl lǣtað (place)
• imp 2 sg lǣt

late adv late, tardily, slowly

lāþ

n injury, misfortune

• gs lāþes

lāð adj

loathly, hateful, hostile

• ds lāðere
• np lāðe
• gp lāðra
• comp as lādre

lāð-ge-nīðla m (hostile) persecutor, foe

lāð-līc adj loathsome

• ns -līco

lǣðð (lǣððu)

f injury, offence, malice

lǣwede adj unlearned, lay

• ds lǣwedan, -um (for -an)

[Mod lewd]

lēaf n leaf

lēaf-scead n

leafy shade

• ds -sceade

leahtor m moral defect, offence, crime

• ds leahtre
• ap leahtras

[lēan: to blame]

lēan

m n reward, gift, favor

• ds lēane
• gp lēana

[Ger Lohn]

lēanian WII reward, recompense (w dat of pers and acc of thing)

lēas adj

1. loose, free from, bereft of (w gen)
   • np lēase
2. false, deceptive
   • ap lēase

lēasung f deception, falsehood

• gs -unge
• ap -unga

leccan

WI irrigate, lave

• 3 pl leccaþ

[liccian: to lick]

lecgan

WI lay, put

• imp 2 sg lege
• opt 3 sg lecge
• inf lāstas lecgan: go, journey
• pret 3 pl on lāst legdon: follow (w dat)

[licgan]

lēfan

see:līefan

Lēga-ceaster f Chester

leger n

lying, illness

• ds legere

[licgan]

lencten m

spring

• ds lenctenne

[Mod lent]

lēo m

lion

• as lēon

[Lat leo]

lēod

f

1. a people, nation
   • ds lēode
2. pl lēode (lēoda): people
   • np lēoda
   • ap lēoda

[Ger Leute]

lēod-bisceop m bishop (of a district)

• np -bisceopas

lēod-fruma m first among a people, prince, king

• as -fruman

lēod-scipe

m people, nation, country

• ds -scipe

lēof adj

lief, pleasing, dear, beloved

• gs lēofes
• ds lēofan
• as lēofne
• np (voc) lēofan
• comp ns lēofra, lēofre (or -ra)
• supl ns lēofost
• supl ns (voc) lēofusta
• supl np (voc) lēofostan, -estan

lēoflīc adj pleasant

lēogan (principal parts: pret sg:lēag pret pl:lugon pp:logen ) 2 lie, utter falsely

leoht adj light, not heavy, easy

• np leohte

lēoht

adj light, bright, clear

• is lēohte

lēoht (lioht) n

light, brightness

• gs lēohtes
• ds līohte, lēohte
• as lēoht

lēoht-fæt n lantern, lamp

leohtlīc adj light, of little weight or importance

lēoma m light, radiance, ray or beam of light

• ap lēoman

leornere m learner, disciple, scholar

• gs leorneres
• np leorneras

leornian (liornian) WII learn

• 3 pl leorniað
• opt 3 sg leornige
• opt 3 pl -en
• pret 3 sg leornode, -ade, liornode
• pret 3 pl -odon

leorning-cniht m disciple

• ds -cnihte
• np -cnihtas

leornung (liornung) f learning

• gs -unge
• ds liornunga, -unge
• as liornunga

lēoð n

song

• gs lēoðes
• as lēoð
• is lēoðe
• np lēoð

lēoð-cræft m poetic skill or art

lēoþ-song n song, poem

• gs -songes

leoðu-cræftig

adj skilful of limb

lētānia (lǣtānia) m f litany

• dp lētānium
• ap lētānias

[Lat litanīa]

Levita (Lauita) gp the Lapithae

libban (lybban, lifgan) WIII live

• ptc lybbende, lyfigende
• gs lifigendan
• 3 sg leofað
• 3 pl libbað, lifgað
• opt 3 sg libbe, lybbe, lifge
• pret 3 sg lifde, leofode
• pret 3 pl leofodon

līc n

body, corpse

• ds līce
• as līc
• ap līc

[Ger Leiche]

līcettan WI profess falsely, pretend

• 3 sg licet

licgan (principal parts: pret sg:læg pret pl:lǣgon,lāgon pp:legen ) 5

1. lie, lie dead
   • ptc licgende
   • 3 sg liþ, ligeð
   • 3 pl licgað
   • pret 2 sg lāge
   • pret 3 pl lāgon
2. extend, run (of land and stream)
   • 3 sg lið
   • 3 pl licgað
   • pret opt 3 sg lǣge

līc-homa (-hama) m body

• ns -hama
• gs -haman
• ds -homan
• as lȳchaman

[Ger Leichnam]

līc-homlīc (-hamlīc) adj bodily

• ds -līcre, līchamlīcere

līc-homlīce adv corporally

līcian WII like, please (w dat; personal and impersonal)

• 3 sg līcað
• 2 pl līciað
• opt 3 sg līcige
• opt 1 pl līcian
• pret 3 sg līcode

līc-monn m pall-bearer

• gp līc-manna
• dp -mannum

līc-rest f

sepulchre

• ds -reste

lid n ship

• gs lides

[līðan]

līd-monn m sailor, pirate

• np -men
• gp -manna

līefan (līfan lēfan) WI

allow, permit

• pret 1 pl lēfdon

[lēaf]

līf n

life

• gs līfes
• as līf

lifer

f liver

• as lifre

līflīc adj

pertaining to life

līg (leg) m flame, fire

• is līge

[Ger Lohe]

līg-bryne m burning of flames, burning

līg-þracu f violence of flames

• ds -þræce

lihtan WI alight (from a horse)

• pret 3 sg lihte

līhtan (lȳhtan) WI shine

• 3 sg lȳhteð, līhteð

[lēoht]

lim n limb, bodily member

• dp leomum
• ap leomu

Limen f the Limen (river or estuary in Kent)

• gs Limene

lind f (linden), shield

• as linde
• ap linde

Lindes-īg f Lindesey (dist in Lincolnshire)

• ds -ige

Lindis-farn-ēa (-farena-ēa) f Lindisfarne Island, Lindisfarne

liss (<līðs)

f favor, delight

• gp lissa

lītel see:lȳtel

līt-hwōn adv little

līðe adj mild, gentle

• as līðne

[Ger gelinde; Mod lithe]

līxan WI shine, glitter

• 3 sg līxeð
• 3 pl līxað

locc m

lock (of hair)

• ns loc
• np loccas

lōcian WII look

• ptc lōciende
• imp 2 sg lōca
• opt 3 sg lōcie
• pret 3 sg lōcode, lōcude

lof m

praise, glory, song of praise

• ds lofe
• as lof

[Ger Lob]

lofian WII praise

• 3 pl lofiað

lof-sang

m song of praise

lond (land) n land, country

• ns land
• gs londes
• ds londe, lande
• as land, lond
• np land
• gp londa

lond-wela m earthly possessions

• ap -welan

long (lang) adj long

• ns lang
• ds langum
• np lange
• comp ns lengra

longe (lange) adv long

• comp leng, lencg
• supl lengest

longlīce (lang-) adv long

losian WII

be lost, escape

• opt 3 sg losige
• pret 3 sg losade

lot-wrenc

m deception, fraud, W Ile

• ap -wrencas

[lūtan]

lūcan

(principal parts: pret sg:lēac pret pl:lucon pp:locen ) 2 lock, interlock, close up (trans and intrans)

lufian (lufigean)

WII love

• 1 sg lufige
• 3 sg lufað
• imp 2 pl lufiað
• pret 3 sg lufode
• pret 1 pl lufodon
• pp gelufod
• pp as gelufedan

luflīce adv lovingly

luf-tȳme adj benevolent

lufu f love

• ds lufan
• as lufe

Lunden-burg f London

• ds -byrg, byrig

lust m lust, desire, pleasure

lustlīce adv willingly

lyb-cræft m skill in the use of drugs and of poison

• ds -cræfte

lyft m f n the air

• ds under lyfte, under lyft, on lyfte: on high, aloft
• is lyfte

[Ger Luft]

Lȳge f the Lea

• ds Lȳgan

lyge-word n lying word, lie

lyre m loss

[lēosan]

lȳsan WI release, deliver

[lēas]

lystan WI list, cause pleasure or desire (impers w acc of pers and gen of thing)

• pret 3 sg lyste

lȳt n little, small number, few

lytegian WII dissemble, feign

lȳtel (lītel) adj little, small

• ds lītlum
• as lȳtel, lȳtle
• is lȳtle
• ap lȳtle

see:(see lǣssa)

lȳtlian WII lessen, diminish

• 3 sg lȳtlað

M

mā (mǣ) comp adv; also noun (adj) indecl more

• þon mā þe any more than

mǣden (mægden) n maiden

• gs mǣdenes
• as mǣden

mǣg m kinsman

• ns (son)
• ds mǣge
• np mǣgas, māgas
• gp māga
• dp mǣgum, māgum

magan PP may, be able

• 1 sg mæg
• 2 sg meaht
• 3 sg mæg
• 1 pl magon
• 2 pl mage gē
• opt 2 sg mæge
• opt 1 pl mægen
• pret 1 sg meahte
• pret 3 sg meahte, mehte
• pret 3 pl meahton, mehton, mihton
• pret opt 3 sg meahte, mehte, mihte
• pret opt 3 pl meahten

mægen n main, strength, might, valor, virtue

• gs mægenes
• ds mægne
• as mægen
• is mægene, mægne
• dp (miracles)

mægen-þrymm m great strength, majesty, glory

• gs -þrymmes
• ds -þrymme

magister m master

[Lat]

mǣglīc

adj belonging to kinsmen

mago (magu) m son, man

mǣgð f

kin, tribe, province, nation

• ds mǣgðe

mægð-hād m virginity, purity

• gs -hādes
• ds -hāde

magu-þegn m

kin vassal, retainer

• np -þegnas

mǣl n time, occasion

• ap mǣla

[cf. Mod meal]

mǣldan WI speak, announce

• pret 3 sg mǣlde

mān n evil, sin

• gs mānes

[cf. Ger mein-eid]

mǣnan WI mean, intend

• pret 3 sg mǣnde

mancus m mancus (the eighth of a pound, the sum of thirty pence)

• gp mancessa

mān-dǣd f evil deed

• gp -dǣda
• ap -dǣde

mān-fremmend ptc m evil-doer

• dp -fremmendum

mānfullīce adv sinfully

manian (monian) WII

admonish, exhort, warn

• ger manigenne
• 1 sg manige
• 3 sg manað
• pret 3 sg manode, monade, manade
• pp pl gemanode

manig see:monig

mænigeo see:menigu

manig-feald see:monig-feald

mann see:monn

manna m (?) manna

• ds mannan

[Lat]

mann-cwealm m mortality, pestilence

māra

see:micel

mǣran WI make famous, glorify, honor

• 3 pl mǣrað
• pp gemǣred

mǣre adj famous, glorious

• gs mǣres
• as mǣran
• np mǣre
• supl ns mǣrost

[Goth -mers, Ger Märe, Märchen]

mǣrsian WII make famous, celebrate, glorify

• 2 sg mǣrsast
• 3 pl mǣrsiað

martyr m martyr

• gp martyra

[Lat]

mǣrð f fame, glory, honor

• gp mǣrða
• ap mǣrþa (famous things)

Maser-feld m

Maserfeld, Oswestry

• ds -felda

mæsse f

1. mass
   • as mæssan
2. festival day
   • ds mæssan

[L Lat missa]

mæsse-prēost m mass-priest

• ds -prēoste
• np -prēostas

mæsse-rēaf f

mass-robe

• dp -rēafum

mǣst see:micel

mǣte adj intermediate, inferior

• comp np mǣtran
• supl np mǣtestan

mǣð f measure, degree, condition, fitness, right, honor

• ds mǣðe

mæðel n popular assembly

• ds mæðle

maþelian WII address, harangue, speak

• pret 3 sg maþelode

mæðel-stede

m place of assembly, battle-field

māþþum-gyfa (māþum-) m giver of treasure, lord

māþum (māþþum) m

gift, treasure

• gp māþma

mē see:ic

meagol adj mighty, emphatic

[magan]

meaht, meahte see:magan

meaht (miht) f might, power

• as meaht
• ap meahte, mihte

meahtig (mihtig, myhtig) adj mighty, powerful

• ns myhtig, meahta

mearcian WII mark, represent, mark out, design

• 3 sg mearcað
• 3 pl -iað

mearh (mearg) m horse

• ns mearg
• ds mēare
• as mēar

mearm-stan (marm-) m

marble-stone

• ds -stane

[Lat marmor]

mearþ m

marten

• gs mearðes

mec see:ic

mēce m sword

• gp meca

mēd (meord) f meed, reward

• gs mēde
• as mēde, meorde (dial)

med-micel (-mycel) adj moderately great, limited, small

• ds -miclum
• as -mycel
• dp -mycclum

medo (medu, meodo) m mead

• ds meodo
• as medo

medomlīce (medumlīce) adv

moderately, worthily

med-trymnes (trumnes) f infirmity, illness, disease

• as -nesse

mele-dēaw m n honey-dew (?), mildew

• gs dēawes

men see:monn

mengan WI mingle, mix, combine; disturb, lacerate

• pret 3 sg mengde
• pp gemenged
• pp pl gemengde

menig

see:monig

menigu (meniu, menigeo, mænigeo) f multitude

• ns menegu, menigeo, mænigeo
• as menigu, mengu

mennisc n folk, race, people

mennisc

adj human

• ns -isce
• ds -iscum
• ap -isce

menniscnes f human condition, incarnation

• ds -nesse, -nisse, -nysse

meodo see:medo

meodu-heall (medu-) f mead-hall

• ds -healle

meolc f milk

meord see:mēd

Mēore Möre (district in Sweden)

mēos n

moss

• gs mēoses

Meotod see:Metod

Meran-tūn m Merton (Surrey)

• ds -tūne

mere

m mere, lake, sea

• ds mere
• as mere
• np meras

[Ger Meer]

mere-flōd m sea-flood, sea

Mere-tūn

m Merton (?), or Marden (?) (Wiltshire)

• ds -tūne

Meres-īg f

Mersea (Essex)

• as -īge

mergð see:myrgð

mētan WI meet, find

• 3 pl mētað
• pret 1 sg mētte
• pret 3 pl -on

metan (principal parts: pret sg:mæt pret pl:mǣton pp:meten )

5 mete, measure, compare

• ger metanne
• 2 pl metað
• pp gemeten

mete m meat, food

• dp mettum

mete-liest (lȳst) f want of food

• ds -līeste

metgian WII assign in due measure

• 3 sg metgað

Metod (Meotod) m Creator, Lord

• gs Meotodes, Metodes
• ds Metode

met-trum (med-) adj infirm, ill

• np -trume

mēðe adj weary

• gp mēðra

[Ger müde]

micel (principal parts: pret sg:mycel pret pl:miccel pp:myccel ) great

• ns mycel, micla
• gs miclan, micelre
• ds mycelum, micclum
• as miclne, micle, mycele, micele, miccle
• np micla
• dp mycclum
• ap mycele
• is adv w comp micle much
• comp māra, māre
• comp as māran
• comp ap māran
• supl mǣst
• supl as mǣst, mǣstan,mǣste
• supl is mǣste
• supl np mǣstan
• supl gp mǣstra
• adv miclum greatly

micelnes

greatness

• gs -nesse

mid prep w dat instr acc; adv with, among (association, means, condition)

• myd eallum altogether, entirely
• mid ealle with all else, withal see:(see ealle)
• mid þȳ when
• mid þī
• mid þȳ þe when
• mid þām with that, thereupon
• mid þām þæt from the fact that, because
• mid þām þe when

midd adj middle

• ds middre
• as midde
• supl np midmestan

middan-geard (-eard) m earth, world

• gs -geardes, -eardes
• as -geard
• is -gearde

middan-geardlīc (-eardlīc) adj worldly

• ap -eardlīce

middel adj middle

• supl dp midlestan

middel (midel) n middle

• ds midle

Middel-tūn m Milton Royal (Kent)

• ds -tūne

midde-neaht (-niht) f midnight

midde-weard adj mid-ward, middle of

miht see:meaht

mihte see:magan

mīl

f mile

• ds mīle
• gp mīla

[Lat mīlia]

milde adj mild, merciful

• ns milde
• ds mildan
• as mildne

mild-heort adj mild-hearted, merciful

• ns -heorta
• supl ns myldheortesta

mild-heortnis f

mild-heartedness, mercy

• gs -nysse
• ds -nesse
• as -nysse, -nesse

milts f mercy

• gs miltse
• gp miltsa

miltsian WII show mercy, pity (w dat)

• 3 sg miltsað
• opt 3 sg miltsige
• pret 3 sg miltsode

miltsung (mildsung) f mercy

• gs -unge

mīn poss pron my, mine

• gs mīnes
• ds mīnum
• is mīne
• np mīne

• mīnes ðonces adv by my will

mine m mind, purpose, remembrance, favor

• as minne

[Goth muns; Ger Minne]

mirce (myrce) adj murky, dark, evil

miscian WII

mix, apportion

• 3 sg miscað

mis-dǣd f misdeed

• np -dǣda

mis-faran 6 go astray, transgress

• 3 pl -farað

mislīc adj various

• ap mislīce, misleca

missenlīc adj various

• np -līce

mis-wendan WI pervert

• pp pl miswende

mīðan (principal parts: pret sg:māð pret pl:miðon pp:miðen ) 1 conceal (w gen)

[Ger meiden]

mōd n mood, wind, courage, pride

• gs mōdes
• ds mōde
• as mōd
• is mōde
• np mōd

mōd-cearig adj sorrowful of heart

mōdelīc adj proud, splendid

• ap -līco

mōd-ge-þanc m purpose of mind

mōdig adj resolute brave, proud, haughty

• ns mōdi
• as mōdigan
• np mōdige

mōdignis f pride, haughtiness

• gs -nysse

mōdor (mōder) f mother

• gs mēder
• as mōdor
• np mōdru

mōdrige f

maternal aunt

• gs m_ddrian

[mōdor]

mōd-sefa m

mind, heart

• as -sefan

mold-ærn n grave

• ds -ærne

molde f mould, earth, land, world, country

• gs moldan

mold-græf n grave

molsnian WII

moulder, decay

• pp molsnad

mōna m moon

• gs mōnan

mōnað m month

• ds mōnðe
• as mōnað
• gp mōnða
• ap mōnað
• gs ??? mōnðas

mon-dryhten m liege lord

monig (manig, mænig, moni) adj many, many a

• as manigne, monig
• np monige, menige, manega
• gp monigra
• dp monegum, manegum, mænegum
• ap manega

monig-feald (manig-, menig-, -fald) manifold, various

• dp manig-, menig-

monig-fealdian

WII multiply

• pp pl gemonigfealdode

monig-fealdlīc (manig-, menig-, -fald) adj

various

• ns manigfaldlīc

monig-fealdlīce (menig-) adv in the plural number

monn (mon, mann, man) m man; (indef) one

• ns mon, monn
• gs monnes, mannes
• ds men
• as mon, monnan, mannan
• np menn, men
• gp monna
• ap men

monn-cynn (mann-)

n mankind

• gs -cynnes, mon-
• as manncynn

mon-þwǣre adj gentle, gracious

mōr m moor

• gs mōres
• ds mōre
• as mōr
• ap mōras

morgen (mergen) m morning

• ns mergen
• ds on morgenne
• as on mergen

• on ōðerne mergen

morgen-tīd f morning-time

mōtan PP may, have opportunity, must

• 2 sg mōst
• 3 sg mōt
• 1 pl mōton
• opt 1 sg mōte
• pret 3 pl mōston
• pret opt 1 sg mōste
• 3 pl mōston

mund f hand

[cf Ger Vor-mund]

munt m mountain

• np muntas

[Lat mons]

munuc m monk

• dp munecum

[Lat monachus]

munuc-hād m monkhood, monastic rank

• gs -hādes
• as -hād

munuclīc

adj monastic

• ds -līcre, -līcan

munuclīce adv

monastically

munuc-līf n monastic life, monastery

murnan (principal parts: pret sg:mearn

pret pl:murnon pp:-- ) 3 mourn, have anxiety or fear (w prep for)

mūð m mouth

• ds mūðe
• as mūð

mūða

m mouth of a river, estuary

• ds mūþan

• on Lymene mūþan
• on Temese mūþan

mycel see:micel

mylen-scearp adj ground sharp

• dp -scearpum

[mylen /mill/]

myndgung f

admonition

mynegung f admonition

• ds -unge

myngean (mynegian) II admonish, exhort

• 1 sg myngie

mynster n

1. monastery
   • ds mynstre
   • as mynster
   • ap mynstru
2. minster, cathedral

[Lat monastērium]

mynsterlīc adj monastic

• ap -līce

mynster-monn m monk

• np -men

Myrce (Mierce, Merce)

m pl the Mercians, Mercia

• gp Myrcena
• dp Myrcon, Myrcan

myrcels m mark

• ds mycelse

[mearc]

mȳre f mare

• gs mȳran

[mearh]

myrgð (myrhð, mergð) f mirth, joy

• ds mergðe, myrhðe

N

nā (nō) adv (adv conj) no, not, not at all, nor (usually strengthens ne)

næbban WIII not to have

• 3 sg næfð, nafað
• 2 pl nabbe gē
• 3 pl nabbað
• opt 3 pl næbben

• nabbe gē

• pret 3 sg næfde
• 3 pl næfdon

[< ne habban]

nacod adj naked, bare

• as nacedan
• np nacode

nǣdre f

adder, serpent

• gs nǣdran

næfde, næfdon see:næbban

nǣfre adv never

nafu f nave

• ds nafe

nægel m nail

• dp næglum

nægled-cnearr m nailed ship

nāh PP 1 sg have not

[< ne āh]

nāht see:nā-wiht

nā-hwǣr adv

nowhere, in no case

nā-hwæðer (nō-hwæðer, nāwðer, nōwðer, nāðer)

1. pron neither
   • ns nāþer
   • as nōuðer
2. Conj neither
   • nōhwæðer nē ... nē neither ... nor
   • nāwðer nē ... nē neither ... nor
   • nāuðer nē ... nē neither ... nor
   • nāþer nē ... nē neither ... nor

nālæs (nāles, nālles, nāls) adv not at all

[< nā ealles]

nama (noma) m

name

• ds noman
• as naman, noman
• np naman

nān pron adj not one, none

• gs nānes
• ds nānum, nānre
• as nǣnne, nāne

[< ne ān]

nǣnig

pron no one, none

• gs nǣnges
• as nǣnigne, nǣnig

[< ne ǣnig]

nān-wuht (-wiht) n nothing

nǣre, nǣron see:bēon

næs see:bēon

næs adv not, not at all

nāþer see:nā-hwæðer

nāuht see:nā-wiht

nā-wiht (nō-wiht, nāuht, nāht, nōht)

n not a whit, nought, nothing; (adv) not, not at all

• ds nāuhte
• as nāuht

• nōht þon lǣs

nāwðer see:nā-hwæðer

ne adv not

nē adv conj and not, nor

• nē ... nē neither ... nor

nēad see:nēod

nēah (nēh)

1. near (adv) (of degree) nearly, almost
   • comp nēar
   • nēar and nēar nearer and nearer
2. near (adv; prep w dat)
   • supl nȳhst, nēhst, nēhste, nēahst, nēaxst
   • 3 adj supl as nīehst
   • æt nēxtan next, finally

neaht

see:niht

nēa-lǣcan (-lēcan) WI draw near, approach (w dat)

• inf -lēcan
• 3 sg -lǣcþ
• pret 3 sg -lǣcte, -lēhte

nēan

adv from near

nēar see:nēah

nearolīce adv

narrowly, accurately

nearwe adv narrowly, artfully

nēat [(cf nȳten)] n

neat, cattle

• gp nēata

nēa-wist (-west) f being near, proximity, presence, neighborhood

• ns -wist
• ds -weste

[nēah, wesan]

nebb

n bill, beak

nēd see:nēod

nēd-ðearf see:nīed-ðearf

nēh see:nēah

nēh-mæg (nēah-) m near kinsman

• gp -māga
• dp -māgum

nemnan WI

name

• 1 pl nemnað
• pret 1 sg nemde
• 3 sg nemnde
• pp nemned, genemned
• pl genemnode

nemne (nefne) conj

unless, except

nemþe (nimþe, nymþe) conj unless, except

nēo-bedd n bed for a corpse

[Goth naus]

nēod (nēad nīed nȳd nēd) f need, necessity, compulsion, force

• is ??? nēde

• is nēade necessarily

nēodlīce adv zealously

• comp nēodlīcor

[nēod, /desire/]

neorxna-wong (neorxena-) m paradise

• gs -wanges
• ds -wange
• as -wang, -wong, neorxena-

[ne wyrcan]

nēosung f visitation

• as -unge

nēotan 2 enjoy, use, employ (w gen)

[Ger geniessen]

neoðan (niðan)

adv below, beneath, down

nergend m Savior (Christ, God)

• gs -es

[nerian]

nest n nest

• ds neste
• as nest

nēten see:nȳten

nīed-be-ðearf

adj necessary

• supl np nīedbeðearfosta

nīed-ðearf (nēd-) f

need, necessity

• as nēdðearfe

nīeð-ðearf (nēd-) adj necessary

• ns nēd-

nīg-hworfen (pp) adj newly converted

• ds -hworfenum

nigon num nine

• dat nigonum

nigoða num ninth

• ds nigoðan

niht (neaht) f night: in reckoning time the equivalent of Mod /day/ (cf sennight, fortnight)

• gs neahte, nihtes (adv masc form due to association with dæges)
• ds neahte
• gp nihta
• ap nyht

niht-helm

m cover or shade of the night

niht-rest f night's rest, couch

• as -reste

niht-scūa m shadow of night

niman (principal parts: pret sg:nōm,nam

pret pl:nōmon,nāmon pp:numen ) 4 take, sieze

• 3 pl nimað
• imp 2 sg nim
• 2 pl nimað
• pret 3 sg nam
• 3 pl nāmon

Niniueisc adj Ninevitish

• gs Niniueiscre

nioðo-weard adj beneath

nīpan (principal parts: pret sg:nāp pret pl:nipon pp:nipen )

1 grow dark

• 3 sg nīpeð

nis see:beon

nīð m hatred, envy, malignity

• gp nīða

niþera (niþerra) comp adj lower

• ap niþeran

nīwan (nȳwan, nīwane, nīwe, nēowan, nēen)

adv newly, recently

nīwe (nȳwe, nēowe) adj new, fresh

• as nȳwne
• gp nīwena
• ap nīwan

nō see:nā

nōht see:nā-wiht

nō-hwǣðer see:nā-hwǣðer

nolde, noldon see:nyllan

norð adv north, northwards, in the north

• comp norðor
• supl norþmest

norðan adv from the north

• be norðan (prep w dat) north of

Norðerne adj Northern

• ns Norðerna

norðe-weard adj northward

• ds -weardum
• as -weard

Norð-hymbre pl m the Northumbrians, Northumbria

• gp -hymbra
• dp -hymbron

Norð-hymbrisc adj

Northumbrian

• ds -iscum

Norð-monn m Norwegian

• np -men
• gp -manna

norð-ryhte adv

northward

Norþ-sǣ f North Sea

Norþ-wēalas pl m the (North) Welsh, (North) Wales (as opposed to West Wales, i.e. Cornwall)

Norþ-wēal-cynn n the (North) Welsh

• gs -cynnes

norð-weard adj northward

• gs -weardes, adv
• ds -weardum

Norðweg Norway

nos-þyrel n nostril

• ap nosþirlu

notu f office, employment

• ds note

[nēotan]

nōuðer see:nā-hwæðer

nū

1. adv, now
2. conj, now that, since

nyllan (nillan) not to will, be unwilling

• 1 sg nylle, nelle
• 3 sg nele
• 3 pl nyllað, nellað
• pret 3 sg nolde
• 1 pl noldon
• pret opt 3 pl noldon

[<ne willan]

nytan (nitan) not to know

• 1 sg nāt
• 3 sg nāt
• 2 pl nyton
• opt 3 sg nyte
• pret 3 sg nyste, nysse

[<ne witan]

nyten adj ignorant

• np nytenan

[ne witan]

nȳten (nīeten, nēten, cf nēat) n neat, domestic animal, cattle, beast

• ns nēten
• ds nȳtene
• gp nȳtena
• ap nȳtenu

nytennis f ignorance

• ds -nysse

nytlic adj useful, profitable

[Ger nützlich]

nyttnes (nytnes)

f use, benefit

• gs -nesse, nytnisse

nyt-wyrðe adj

useful

• supl np -wyrðoste

nyðer (niðer) adv down

nyðerlīc (niðerlīc) adj lovely

nȳwan, nȳwe see:niwan, niwe

O

ō, oo see:ā

of prep (w dat) of, from (place and material), from, among, concerning; adv off

of-āxian WII learn by asking

• pret 3 sg ofāxode

ofer

prep (w acc) over, across, after, above, upon, superior to, contrary to, against

• ofer bæc backwards [(cf under bæc)]

ōfer

m shore, bank

• ds ōfre

[Ger Ufer]

ofer-cuman

4 overcome

• pret 3 pl -cōmon

ofer-drīfan 1

overcome

• ger -drȳfenne

ofer-ēaca m surplus

• as -ēacan

ofer-fēran WI traverse

ofer-frēosan 2 freeze over

• pp oferfroren

ofer-gietan

5 forget, disregard

• opt 3 pl -gieton

ofer-gyldan WI

cover with gold, gild

• pp np ofergyldan

ofer-hlīfian WII over-tower

• 3 sg -hlīfað

ofer-mægen n over-mastering might

• ds -mægne

ofer-mētto f pride

• dp -mēttum

ofer-mōd n overweening courage, confidence

• ds -mōde

ofer-mōdigian WII be proud, arrogate

• 2 pl -mōdie
• 3 pl -mōdigað

ofer-stīgan 1 rise above, surpass

• pret 3 sg -stāh

ofer-swiðan WI overcome

• inf -swȳðan
• pret opt -swīðde
• pp -swȳðed
• pl -swīðde

ofer-winnan

3 overcome

• pret 3 sg -wann

ofestlīce (ofostlīce, ofstlīce) adv

hastily, quickly

ofestum (ofstum) adv hastily, quickly

[*of-ēst]

ofett (ofet) n

fruit

[Ger Obst]

of-faran 6 overtake, intercept

• pret 3 pl -fōron

offrian WII offer, sacrifice

• pret 3 sg offrode
• pp geoffrod

[Lat offerre]

offrung f offering, sacrifice

• ds -unge

of-gān demand, seek, implore

• opt 1 pl ofgān

of-giefan (-gifan, -gyfan) 5 give up, quit, desert

• 3 sg -gīēfeð
• pret 3 sg -geaf
• 3 pl gēafon

of-hrēowan 2 pity (w gen)

• pret 3 sg -hrēow

of-linnan 3 cease

• pret 3 sg oflan

of-lystan WI fill with desire, please

• pp oflyst

of-munan PP recollect

• 3 sg ofman

of-scēotan 2 shoot down

of-sēon 5 see

• pret 3 sg ofseah

of-settan WI beset, oppress, afflict

• pp -sett
• ap -settan

of-slēan (principal parts: pret sg:-slōg

pret pl:slōgon pp:-slægen ) 6 strike, slay

• pret opt 3 sg slōge
• pp -slegen
• as -slægenne
• np -slægene
• gp -slægenra

of-stingan 3 stab to death

• pret 3 sg -stang

oft adv often

• comp oftor
• supl oftost

of-þrysmian WII choke

• 3 pl -þrysmiað

[þrosm, smoke, vapor]

ō-leccan WI subdue, flatter, soothe, please

• opt 3 sg ōlecce

[leccan, moisten]

ombiht m servant

[Ger Amt]

on

prep (w dat instr acc) on, at, during, in, into, among, against (time, place, manner, circumstance, and condition)

• on tū into two parts
• on dæg
• on niht
• on riht adv, rightly
• on ǣr adv, formerly
• on uppan upon
• on emulange along

on-ǣlan WI

kindle, set on fire, consume by fire

• pp onǣled

on-bærnan WI kindle, inspire, incite

• pp -bærned
• pl -bærnde, -bærnede

on-bīdan (an-) (principal parts:

pret sg:-bād pret pl:-bidon pp:-biden ) 1

1. abide, tarry
   • imp 2 sg onbīd
2. await (w gen)

on-blōtan (principal parts: pret sg:blēot

pret pl:-blēoton pp:-blōten ) R sacrifice

on-bregdan 3 move, bow (intr)

• 3 sg -brygdeð

on-bryrdan WI inspire, exalt

• opt 3 sg onbryrde
• pp onbryrd, onbryrded

[brord, prick, point]

on-bryrdnis

f inspiration, ardor

• ds -nysse

on-byrigan (-byrgan) WI

taste (w gen)

• pret 1 pl onbyrigdon

on-cnāwan (principal parts: pret sg:-cnēow

pret pl:-cnēowon pp:-cnāwen ) R recognize, acknowledge, understand, know

• 1 sg oncnāwe
• imp 2 sg oncnāw
• opt 3 sg oncnāwe
• 3 pl oncnāwon

on-cweðan

5 address, answer

• pret 3 sg -cwæð

on-cyrran WI

turn

• opt 3 pl oncyrron

ond (and) conj and

ondettan see:andettan

ond-git see:and-giet

on-drǣdan

(principal parts: 3 sg pres:-dreord pret sg:-drēd pret pl:-drēdon pp:-drǣden ) R fear (trans, and w reflex dat of pers and acc of thing)

• ptc pl -drǣdendan
• 2 sg -drǣtst
• 3 sg -drǣt
• 2 pl -drǣdað
• imp 2 sg -drǣd
• 2 pl -drǣdað
• opt 3 sg -drǣde
• pret 2 sg -drēde
• 1 pl andrēdon

on-drynne adj

awful, exciting, reverence

ond-swarian WII answer

• pret 3 sg -swarade, -ode, -ede
• 3 pl -odon, -edon

ond-weard see:and-weard

on-emn (on-efn) prep (w dat)

near, alongside of

ōnettan WI (incite), hasten, be active

• 3 sg ōnetteð
• pret 3 sg ōnette

[*on-hātjan]

on-fægnian WII show gladness

on-feohtan

3 fight

• ptc onfeohtende

on-findan 3

find, find out, discover, learn

• pret 3 sg -funde
• 3 pl -fundon
• pret opt 3 pl -funden

on-fōn (principal parts: pret sg:-fēng pret pl:-fēngon pp:-fangen ) R receive (w gen, dat, acc)

• ger onfōnne
• 1 sg (w gen, partake) onfō
• 3 pl onfōð
• imp 2 sg onfōh
• opt 2 sg onfō
• 1 pl onfōn
• 3 pl (w gen, stand sponsor)
• as onfongne

on-foran prep (w acc) before (time)

on-gēan (an-gēan, on-gēn, agēn) prep (w dat and acc) towards, against; adv, opposite, in the opposite direction, back

• eft ongēan back again

ongel-cynn see:Angel-cynn

ongel-þēod f the Anglian, English people or nation

• ds -þēode

on-ge-mong (on-ge-mang, on-mang, a-mang) prep (w dat) among

• onmang þām, amang þām adv, while

on-gietan (-gitan, -gȳtan) (principal parts: pret sg:-geat pret pl:-geaton pp:-gieten,-giten,-gyten ) 5

perceive, understand

• inf ongeotan
• ger -gitanne
• 1 sg ongite
• 2 sg ongitst
• 3 sg ongit
• 3 pl ongitað
• imp 2 pl ongitað
• opt 3 pl ongiten, ongyten
• pret 3 sg onget
• pret opt 3 pl ongēaten

on-ginn (an-ginn) n beginning

• ns ongyn
• ds onginne, anginne, angynne

on-ginnan (principal parts: pret sg:-gonn,-gann pret pl:-gunnon pp:-gunnen ) 3

begin, attempt

• 3 sg onginð, onginneð
• 3 pl -að
• opt 3 pl onginnen
• pret 3 sg ongan, ongon
• ap -gunnenan

on-gyldan 3

repay, suffer the penalty for (w gen)

• pret 3 pl onguldon

on-gytenes

f knowledge

• gs ongytenesse

on-hǣtan WI

heat

• pp onhǣted

on-hebban 6 raise up

• pp pl onhafene

on-hlīdan 1 uncover, open, reveal

• pp onhliden

on-hōn R hang

• pp anhangen

on-hrēodan 2 adorn

• pret 3 sg onhrēad

on-hyldan WI incline

• pret 3 sg onhylde

on-lēohtan WI light up, illuminate

• pret 3 sg onlēohte

on-līc (an-līc)

adj like similar (w dat)

• ns anlīc
• np -līce
• supl ns -līcost

on-līce adv similarly

• sumes onlīce somewhat like

on-līcnes (an-) f likeness, image

• ns (voc) anlīcnes
• ds -nisse, -nysse, -nesse
• as -nesse

on-lūtan (principal parts:

pret sg:-lēat pret pl:-luton pp:-loten ) 2 bow, incline (intr)

[Mod lout]

on-lȳhtan

WI enlighten, illuminate

• 3 sg onlȳht
• pret 2 sg onlīhtest

on-mang see:on-ge-mong

on-middan prep (w dat) amid, at the middle of

on-munan

PP consider worthy of or entitled to (w acc of pers and gen of worth)

• pret opt 3 pl onmunden

ono (one, eno)

interj lo! behold!

• ono hwæt behold!

on-rīdan 1

ride (on a raid)

• pret 3 pl onridon

on-sāwan R sow

• pp onsāwen

on-scunian WII shun, avoid, detest, fear

• ptc onscungend
• pret 3 sg -scunede
• 3 pl -scunedon
• pret opt 3 sg -scunode

on-secgan WIII offer, sacrifice (trans)

on-sendan WI

send

• opt 2 sg -sende

on-sīen (an-, -sīn, -sȳn) f appearance, face, sight, presence

• ns ansȳn
• ds ansīne
• as onsīene, onsȳne, an-

on-sīgan (principal parts: pret sg:-sāh pret pl:-sigon pp:-sigen ) 1 descend

• ptc ds onsīgendum

on-slǣpan R fall asleep, sleep

• pret 3 sg -onslēp, onslēpte

on-springan 3 spring forth

• 3 pl -springað

on-stāl m institution, supply

on-stellan WI place, establish, create

• pret 3 sg onstealde

on-sund (an-sund) adj sound, whole, healthy

• ns ansund
• gs ansundan
• np ansunde

on-sundnis (an-)

f soundness

• ds ansundnysse

on-sȳn

f lack, deficiency

[sēon, 'sift']

on-tēon (principal parts: pret sg:-tēah pret pl:-tugon pp:-togen )

2 assume, take upon oneself

• 3 pl ontēoð

on-tȳnan WI

open (trans and intr)

• pret 3 sg ontȳnde
• pp pl ontȳnede

[tūn]

on-ðrǣce (an-) adj dreadful

• dp anðrǣcum

on-wæcnan WI awake

• 3 sg onwæcneð

on-weald (an-, -wald)

m power, authority

• ns anwald, onwald
• gs anwealdes, -waldes
• ds -walde
• as -wald

on-wendan WI turn, change, amend, pervert, overturn, end (trans)

• 3 sg -wendeð
• imp 2 sg -wend
• pret 3 sg -wende
• pp -wended
• pl -wende

on-wrēon 1

uncover, reveal

• pp onwrigen

on-wrigennis f (uncovering) revelation

• as -wrigenysse

[wrēon]

on-wunigan (-wunian) WII dwell, remain

on-wunung f habitation, dwelling

• ds unge

on-ȳwan WI show, manifest

• opt 2 sg onȳwe

open

adj open

• as openan

openlīce adv

openly

ōr [(cf ord)] n beginning

ord n

1. point, spear-point, spear
   • ds orde
2. beginning
3. front of an army, line of battle [(cf Lat acies)]

ord-fruma m beginning, author, chief

or-eald

adj very old

[Ger uralt]

orf n cattle

[weorf, weoruf]

organa f organ

• gs organan

[Lat organum]

or-sorglīce adv without care or hindrance

• comp orsorglīcor

or-sorh

adj free from care

• comp np orsorgran
• supl np orsorgoste

orþlan (oreþlan) WII breathe, aspire

[oroð]

or-þonc m skilful device or work

oð prep (w acc) up to, as far as, until (time and place)

• oð ðe conj, until that, until,
• oð ðæt conj, until that, until,
• oð ðis conj, until that, until,
• oð nū conj, until that, until,

oþ-beran 4 bear away

• pret 3 sg -bær

oð-ēawian WI appear, become visible, show oneself

• 3 sg -ēaweð

ōðer (ōðor) other, the other (one of two), another, the second, the next

• ns ōðeru
• gs ōðres
• ds ōðrum, ōðre, ōðerre
• as ōðer, ōðre, ōðerne
• is ōðre
• gp ōðerra

• ns ōðer ... ōðer the one ... the other
• ds ōðrum ... ōðrum the one ... the other
• as ōðre ... ōðre, ōðer ... ōðer the one ... the other
• is ōþre sīþe ... ōþre sīþe the one ... the other

oð-fæstan

WI set to (a task)

• pp pl -fæste

oð-feallan R

fall off, decline

• pp sg oðfeallenu

oð-flēogan 2 fly away

• 3 sg -flēogeð

oð-rōwan R row away

• pret 3 pl -reōwon

oð-scūfan 2 push away, move off, hasten (intr)

• 3 sg -scūfeð

oð-standan 6 stand fixed

• pret 3 sg -stōd

oððe conj or

• oððe ... oððe either ... or

oð-windan 3 escape

• pret 3 sg -wand

oð-witan (principal parts: pret sg:-wāt pret pl:-witon pp:-witen ) 1 reproach, lay to one's charge

• pret 3 sg oðwāt

[Mod twit]

ō-wiht pron anything

P

pællen adj of purple

• dp pællenum
• ap pællene

[pæll <Lat pallium]

pallium m pallium

[Lat]

Panta m the Panta or Blackwater (Essex)

• as Pantan

pāpa

m pope

• gs pāpan

[Lat]

pāpan-hād

m papal dignity

papol-stān m pebble-stone

• ap -stānas

[Lat papula]

paralysis f (?) paralysis

• as paralysīn

[Gr Lat]

Paðmas Patmos

pēa (pāwa) m peacock

• ds pēan

[Lat pāvo]

Pedride (Pedrede) the Parret (Somerset)

• ds Pedredan

Peohtas pl m the Picts

pistol

m epistle, letter

[Lat epistola]

plega m play, festivity, pleasure

• ds plegan

plegian WII

1. play
2. contend, fight
   • pret 3 pl plegodon

pleoh n

peril

plēolīc adj perilous, harmful

[pleoh]

port m

port, harbor

• ds porte

[Lat portus]

post m

post

• ds poste
• as post

[Lat postis]

prass m (?) tumult (?), pomp (?)

• ds prasse

prēost

m priest

• np prēostas

[Lat presbyter]

prēost-hād

m priest-hood

• gs -hādes

prica m

point, dot

• ds prican

Pryfetes flōda m

Privet's flood, Privet (Hampshire)

• ds -flōdan

pytt m pit

[Lat puteus]

R

racu f narrative, account, observation

• as race

rād f ride, journey, raid

• ds rāde
• ap rāde

rǣd m rede, counsel, advice

• ds rǣde
• as rǣd

rǣdan

1. counsel, advise, decide, R and W I
   • pret 3 sg rǣdde
   • 3 pl rǣddon
2. read, explain, W I
   • ger rǣdenne
   • 3 sg rǣt
   • pret 3 pl rǣddon
   • pp gerǣd
   • pl gerǣdde

rǣd-bora m councillor

• as -boran

rǣdiing f reading

• gs -inge

radost see:hraðe

ræfnan WI

perform, undergo

[<*ar-æfnan]

rand m border, shield

• ap randas

rāp m rope

rǣran WI

raise

[rīsan]

rārian WII cry, mourn

• ptc rārigende

rǣsan WI rush, hasten

• ptc rēsende
• pret 3 sg rǣsde

raþe see:hraðe

rēad adj

red

• ds rēadum
• as rēad

Rēadingas

pl m Reading

rēaf n dress, armor

rēcan (rēccan) WI

reck, care (w gen)

• 3 pl rēccað, rōhton

reccan (reccean) WI

narrate, tell, interpret

• inf reccean
• 2 sg recst
• pret 2 sg reahtes
• 3 sg rehte
• 3 pl rehton

reccere m

ruler, teacher

rēc(c)elēas adj reckless, careless

• np -lēase

regollīc adj according to rules, regular

• dp regollecum

regollīce adv according to rules

reliquias ap relics

• dp reliquium

[Lat]

rēn (regen) rain

• gs rēnes

rēnian WII prepare

• ger rēnigenne

rēn-scūr (regen-) m shower of rain

• np -scūras

rēocan (principal parts: pret sg:rēac pret pl:rucon pp:rocen ) 2 reek, smoke

• ptc as rēocendne

reord n speech, voice

• is reorde

reordian WII speak

• 3 pl reordiað
• pret 3 sg reordade

rest f rest

• ds reste

restan WI rest

• imp 2 pl restað

reste-dæg m day of rest, sabbath

rēðe adj fierce, cruel

• as rēðan

rīce adj powerful, of high rank and authority, rich

• ns rīca
• ds rīcan
• gp rīcra
• ap rīcan, rīce
• comp as rīcran
• supl ns rīcost
• supl np rīcostan

rīce n kingdom, sovereignty, authority

• gs rīces
• ds rīce

ricene (ricone, rycene, recene) adv quickly, hastily, instantly

rīclīce adv

powerfully

rīcsian (rīxian) WII rule, reign

• 3 sg rīxað
• 3 pl rīcsiað
• pret 3 sg rīcsode, rīxode
• 3 pl rīcsedon

rīdan

(principal parts: pret sg:rād pret pl:ridon pp:riden ) 1 ride

ridda m

rider

riht (ryht) adj right, just, correct

• as rihte
• comp ns rihtre

riht (ryht) n right

• as on riht, aright, rightly

rihte (ryhte) adv rightly, justly

• ðǣr rihte thereupon, straightaway

riht-fremmende (ryht-) (ptc) adj right-doing, righteous

riht-ge-lȳfed (-lēfed) (pp) adj having the right faith, right-believing

• ap -lēfedan

rihtlic adj right

rihtlice (ryht-)

adv rightly

riht-norþan-wind (ryht-) m direct north wind

• gs -windes

rihtwīs adj righteous

• ns -wīse

rīman WI count, number

• pret 3 sg -rīmde

[Mod rime]

rīnan rain

• opt 3 sg rīne

rinc

m man, warrior

• gs rinces

rip (ryp) n

reaping, harvest

• gs ripes, rypes

rīxian see:rīcsian

rōd f rood, cross

• gs rōde (cf rōde-tācn)
• ds rōde
• as rōde

rōde-hengen f crucifixion

• ds -hengene

rōde-tācn (-tācen) n sign of the cross (in many cases not a compound)

• ds -tācne
• as rōdetācn, rōde tācn, tācn þǣre rōde, ǣnre rōde tācn, þysee rōde tācen

rodor m sky, heavens

• as rodor

Rōmāna gp m Romans, Rome

• Rōmāna rīce

Rōmāna-burh f city of Rome

• ds -byrig

Rōmānisc adj Roman

• np -lace, -lacan

Rōme ds city of Rome

romm m ram

• as rom
• gs rommes

rōse f rose

rotian WII rot

• 3 sg rotað

rōtlice adv cheerfully

rūm adj roomy, spacious

• np rūme

rūm-mōd adj magnanimous, bountiful, liberal

• np -mōde

rūn f (rune), secret meditation

• ds rūne

rycene see:ricene

rȳmet n room, space

S

sǣ m f sea

• gs sǣs, sǣwe, sǣ
• ds sǣ
• as sǣ

sācerd m priest

• gp sācerda

[Lat sacerdos]

sacu f strife, war, battle

• ds sæcce

[sacan]

sǣd n seed

• gp sǣda

sæd adj sad, sated with, weary of (w gen)

[Ger satt]

sǣdere m sower

Sǣfern f the Severn

• gs Sǣferne
• ds Sǣferne, Sǣfern

sǣgan WI

cause to sink, settle

• pp sǣged

[sīgan]

sāgol m

club, staff, pole

• np sāglas

sǣ-grund m sea-bottom

sǣl m f

1. prosperity, happiness, joy
2. time, occasion
   • ds sǣle
   • as sǣl

[cf ge sǣlig]

sǣlan

WI bind

[sāl; Ger Seil]

sǣ-lida m sea-farer, pirate

• as -lidan

salowig-pād (saluwig-, salu-) adj having a dark, dusky coat (of a rave)

• as -pādan

sǣlð f happiness, blessing

• gp sǣlða

sam conj sam ... sam, whether ... or

same adv similarly

• swǣ same in like manner

samod see:somod

sǣ-monn

m sea-man

• np -men
• dp -mannum

sām-worht pp adj half-wrought, unfinished

[cf Lat semi-]

sanct m saint

[Lat sanctus]

sand f

1. mission
   • as sande
2. service (of food), course, repast
   • ds sande

[sendan]

sār adj sore, grievous

• np sāre

sār m soreness, disease, pain

• ds sāre

sārig

adj sorry, sad

sǣ-rima m sea-shore, coast

• ds -rīman

sǣ-rinc m sea-man, pirate

sārlīc adj

sorrowful, sad

• ds -līcre

sārnis f affliction, distress, suffering

• ns sārnys
• ds -nysse

sār-wracu f

sorrowful, persecution or tribulation

• ds -wræce

sǣ-strand m sea-strand

• ds -strande

Sātanas (Sātan) m Satan

• ds Sātanase, Sātane

[Lat Satana, Satan]

sāwan (sǣwan) (principal parts: pret sg:sēow pret pl:sēowon pp:sāwen )

R sow

• ger sāwenne
• 3 sg sǣwð
• pp gesāwen
• pl gesāwene

sāwol (sāwl) f soul

• ns sāwel, sāwl
• gs sāwle
• ds sāule
• as sāule, sāwle
• np sāula, sāwla
• gp sāwla

scafan

(principal parts: pret sg:scōf pret pl:scōfon pp:scafen ) 6 shave, scrape

scanca m

shank, leg

• np scancan

scand (sceand, scond, sceond) f shame

[Ger Schande]

sceadu (scead, n) f shadow, shade

• ds sceade, scade
• ap sceadu

sceaft m shaft

scealc m

servant, man, rogue

• np scealcas

[Ger Schalk; cf Mod marshal]

sceamian (scomian) WII

shame (impers w acc of pers and gen of thing)

• 3 sg scomað

seamu (scamu, scomu, sceomu) f

shame, dishonor

• ds sceame, scome

scēap n sheep

• gp scēapa
• ap scēap

sceard adj

(broken), bereft of (w gen)

[Mod shard]

scearplīce adv sharply, quickly

scearpnis

f sharpness

• as -nysse

scēat m

corner, lap; district or quarter (of the earth)

• gp scēata

[Ger Schooss]

sceatt m

money, treasure, payment, tribute

[cf Mod scot-free]

scēað (scǣð) f sheath

• ds scēaðe

sceaða m enemy, fiend, criminal

• gs sceaðan

[sceððan]

scēawian WII see, behold, examine (trans)

• ger scēawigenne
• ptc scēawigende
• 3 pl scēawiað
• imp 2 sg scēawa
• opt 3 sg scēawige

scēawung f seeing, surveying

• ds -unge

Scēo-burh f Shoebury (Essex)

• ds -byrig

sceocca (scucca) m evil spirit, demon, devil

• gp scuccena
• ap sceoccan

[scēoh; cf Mod shy]

sceorian WI refuse

• pret 3 sg sceorede

scēotan (principal parts: pret sg:scēat pret pl:scuton pp:scoten ) 2

1. shoot (trans and intr)
2. push, thrust (trans)
   • imp 2 pl scēotað

sceppend see:slieppend

sceððan (principal parts:

pret sg:scōd,scēod pret pl:scōdon,scēodon pp:scaðen ) 6 scathe, injure (w dat)

• 3 sg sceðeð

scieppan (scippan, scyppan, sceppan) (principal parts: pret sg:scōp,sceōp pret pl:scōpon,scēopon pp:scepen,sceapen ) 6 create

• pret 3 sg scēop

scieppend (scippend, scyppend, sceppend) m creator

• ns scippend, scyppend
• gs scyppendes
• ds sceppende
• as scyppend

scildan WI shield, protect

• pret 3 sg scilde

scīnan (principal parts: pret sg:scān pret pl:scinon pp:scinene ) 1 shine

• ptc scīnende
• 3 sg scīneð, scȳneð
• opt 2 pl scīnon
• 3 pl scīnen

scip (scyp) n ship

• gs scipes
• ds scipe, scype
• as scip
• np scipu
• gp scipa
• ap scipu, scypu, scypa

scipen (scypen, scepen) n stall, shed for cattle

• ds scipene

[cf Mod shop; Ger Schuppen]

scip-flota m sailor, sea-man

• np -flotan

scip-here m fleet, squadron

scippend see:scieppend

scip-rāp m ship-rope, cable

• ap -rāpas

scīr adj sheer, bright, clear

scīr f shire, district, division

• gs scīre
• ds scīre (military division)
• as scīre

Sciringes-hēal

m Sciringesheal (Norway)

• ds -hēale
• as -hēal

scīr-monn m shire-man

• np -men

scofettan

WI shove, push (trans)

• 3 sg scofett

scolu

f shoal, multitude

scomian see:sceamian

scomu see:sceamu

Scōn-ēg f Skaane (southernmost district of the Scandinavian peninsula)

scop-ge-reord (sceop-) n language of poetry

• ds -reorde

scortlīce (sceortlīce) adv shortly, briefly

Scottas (Sceottas) m pl the Scots

• gp Scotta

scrīn

n shrine, chest

• ds scrīne

[Lat scrīnium]

scrūd

n shroud; garment, clothing

scucca see:sceocca

scūfan (principal parts: pret sg:scēaf

pret pl:scufon pp:scofen ) 2 shove, push (intr)

sculan (sceolan) PP

shall, ought, be necessary

• 1 sg sceal
• 2 sg scealt
• 3 sg sceall
• 1 pl sculon
• 2 pl sceole [gē]
• 3 pl sculon (without inf)
• opt 3 sg scyle
• pret 3 sg sceolde [(according to report; cf Ger sollte)]
• 3 pl sceoldon, scoldon
• pret opt 3 sg sceolde
• 1 pl sceoldon
• 3 pl sceolden, scolden

scūr m

shower

scyld (scield, scild) m shield, protection; portion of a bird's plumage

• ds scylde
• as scyld
• ap scyldas

scyld f guilt, offense, sin

• gs scylde
• gp scylda
• ap scylda

[sculan; Ger Schuld]

scyld-burh f shield-defense; phalanx

scyldig adj guilty

• ds scyldgan

scyld-wyrcende ptc adj evil-doing, sinful

scyll (scell) f shell, scale

• ds scylle

scyndan

WI hasten (intr)

• ptc scyndende

scȳne (scīene)

adj sheen, bright, beautiful

[Ger schōn]

scyppend see:scieppend

scyttel (scyttels)

m shot, missile; bolt, bar

• ap acyttelas, scyttelsas

[scēotan]

Scyttisc

adj Scottish

• as Scyttysc

sē (sēo, þæt) dem pron; def art

this, that, the (he, she, it)

• m ns sē
• m gs þæs
• m ds ðǣm, þām
• m as þone
• f ns sēo, sīo
• f gs þǣre
• f ds þǣre
• f as þā
• n ns þæt
• n gs þæs
• n ds þām
• n as þæt
• n is (m and n) ðȳ (ðī, ðig, ðē, ðon)
• np þā
• gp þāra (þǣra)
• dp ðǣm (ðām)
• ap ðā

• gs ðæs adv from that point of time, afterwards
• ðæs ðe from the time that; with what; according to what, as far as, as
• ðæs for this cause
• tō ðæs to that extent or degree
• is (w comp) þȳ sweotolor the more clearly
• þȳ ... þȳ
• þē lǣs lest
• þon mā þē any more than
• tō ðon to that degree
• be þȳ hereby

[All forms are frequent as antecedents to the relative particle ðe, thus forming the usual relative pron; the particle is sometimes omitted. See further: be, for lǣs, mid, tō]

sealm m psalm

• ap sealmas

[Lat psalmus]

sealm-scop m psalmist

sealt adj salt

• ap sealte

Seal-sudu

m Selwood Forest (Wessex)

• ds -wudu

searolice adv

artistically

searu (searo) n art, trick, snare

• ap (or as) searo
• dp searwum, adv, skilfully

Seaxe m pl Saxons, Saxony

sēcan WI

seek, strive after

• ger sēceanne
• ptc sēcende
• 3 sg sēcð
• 3 pl sēcað

• tō him sēcað seek to them for

• pret 1 sg sōhte

secg m man, warrior

• gp secga
• ap secgas

secgan (secgean) WIII say, utter, tell, discuss

• inf secggan, secggean
• 1 sg secge
• 2 sg sægst
• 3 sg segð (impers), segeð
• 3 pl secgað
• imp 2 sg saga, sege
• pret 1 sg sægde, sǣde
• 3 sg sægde, sǣde
• 3 pl sægdon, sǣdon

sefa

m mind, mood, spirit

• as sefan

sēfte adj

soft, pleasant

• as sēftne
• comp as sēftran

segel

m n sail

• ds segle

segen (segn) m n

sign, ensign, mark, token

[Lat sīgnum]

seglian WII sail

• pret 3 sg seglode

segnian (sēnian) WII make the sign of the cross, cross oneself

• ptc segniende

seldan (seldon) adv seldom

seld-cūð adj seldom known, unusual, rare

• gs -cūðan

sele m hall

[Ger Saal]

sele-drēam m joy of the hall, revelry, festivity

• np -drēamas

sele-secg

m hero of the hall, retainer

• ap -secgas

self (seolf, sielf, silf, sylf) pron; adj

self, selfsame

• ns selfa, self, silf
• gs seolfes
• ds selfum, selfre, seolfum, sylfum
• as seolfne
• np selfe, selfan, seolfan

selflīce n

pride, vanity (=adj, selfish, vain, puffed up)

self-willes (sylf-) (gen) adv voluntarily

sēlla comp adj better

• ns selle
• supl ns sēlest
• supl np sēlestan
• supl gp sēlestena

sellan (syllan) WI sell, give, yield

• inf syllan
• ptc syllende
• 3 sg seleð, silð, sylð
• imp 2 sg sele, syle
• 2 pl sellað
• opt 3 sg selle
• pret 3 sg sealde
• 3 pl sealdon
• pret opt 3 sg sealde
• pp geseald

sellic adj seldom, choice, wonderful

[<seld-līc]

sēllīc adj better, superior

• as sēllīcran

sendan WI send

• 3 sg sent
• imp 2 sg send
• pret 3 pl sendon
• pp sended, send

senep m n mustard

• gs senepes

[Lat sināpi; Ger Senf]

sēo see:sē

sēoc (sīoc) adj

sick

• ns sīoca
• as sīocne

seofon (syfen, syfan)

num seven

• np seofone

seofon-feald adj

seven-fold

• ap -fealde

seofoða num seventh

• as seofoðe

seolfor n silver

• ds seolfre
• as seolfor

seolh (siolh) m seal

• gs sēoles, sīoles

seomian WII tarry, abide, continue (intr)

• 3 sg seomað

sēon (principal parts: pret sg:seah pret pl:sāwon,sǣgon pp:sewen,sawen )

5 see, look

• ger sēonne

seonað m

synod, assembly

[Lat synodus]

set n seat, entrenchment

setl n

seat, throne

• gs setles
• ds setle
• as setl

settan WI

1. set, place
   • pret 2 sg settest
   • 3 sg sette
2. compose, write
   • pret 3 pl setton

[sittan]

si, sīe, sig see:bēon

sibb

f relationship, friendship, peace

• ns sib
• gs sibbe
• as sibbe
• gp sibba

[Ger Sippe]

sib-ge-dryht f

peaceful host

siblīc adj peaceable

• ap siblecan

sibling m relative

siccetung f sighing, sigh

• as -unge

Sicilia-land n Sicily

• ds -lande

sicol m sickle

sīd adj

wide, extensive

• as sīdne, sīde, sīdan

[cf Mod side]

sīde adv

widely

sīde f side

• ds sīdan

sido see:siodu

sīd-weg m wide way

siendon see:bēon

sīgan (principal parts: pret sg:sāg,sāh pret pl:sigon pp:sigen ) 1

sink, settle down, approach

• 3 pl sīgað
• pret 3 sg sāh

[sēon, sift]

sige m victory

Sigen f the Seine

• ds Sigene

sige-wong m plain of victory

siglan

WI sail

• pret 3 sg siglde

sigor n m

victory

• gp sigora

sigor-fæst adj victorious

sigor-lēan m reward of victory

Sillende Zealand

simle

see:symble

sīn reflex poss pron his

sin, sind, sindon see:bēon

sinc n treasure

• gs sinces
• as sinc

sin-caldu f perpetual cold

[symble; cf Ger Singrün]

sinc-gyfa m giver of treasure, lord

sinc-þegu f receiving of treasure

• as -þege

[þicgan]

sin-drēam m everlasting joy

sin-gāl

adj constant, continual

• ds -gālan

sin-gāllīce adv

continually

singan (principal parts: pret sg:song pret pl:sungon pp:sungen ) 3 sing, compose poetry

• ptc singende
• imp 2 sg sing

sīoc see:sēoc

siodu (siodo, sido) m custom, morals

• ns sido
• as (or ap) siodo

[Ger Sitte]

siolh see:seolh

sittan

(principal parts: pret sg:sæt pret pl:sǣton pp:seten ) 5 sit, take one's position, remain

• ptc sittende
• 3 sg sit
• imp 2 pl sittað
• opt 2 sg sitte

sīð comp adv later

• sīð and ǣr

[Ger seit]

sīð m

1. journey, going, motion
   • gs sīðes
   • ds sīðe
   • as sīð
   • is sīðe
2. time, occasion
   • ōðre sīðe ... ōðre sīðe on one occasion ... on another

[sendan]

siðe-mest supl adj

latest, last

• ns -mesða (dial)

sīð-fæt m journey

siðian WII travel, go (intr)

• opt 1 sg siðie
• pret 3 sg sīðode
• 3 pl -edon

siððan (syððan, seoððan < sīððon, syþþan) adv (conj)

since, after, that, afterwards, when

slǣp m sleep

• ds slǣpe

• on slǣpe

slǣpan (slāpan) (principal parts: pret sg:slēp pret pl:slēpon pp:slǣpen )

R sleep

• ptc slǣpende, slāpende
• 3 sg slǣpð
• opt 3 sg slāpe

slēan (principal parts: pret sg:slōh,slōg pret pl:slōgon pp:slagen,slægen,slegen ) 6

1. strike, smite, slay
   • imp 2 sg sleah
   • pret opt 3 sg slōge
   • pp geslægen, geslegen
   • sg geslagena (smite wth an affliction)
2. construct

slege m stroke, blow, slaughter, death

• ds slege

[slēan]

sliht (slieht) m slaughter, destruction

• ds slihte

[slēan]

slītan (principal parts: pret sg:slāt pret pl:sliton pp:sliten ) 1 slit, tear (trans)

slīþen (slīþe) adj perilous, grim

smæl adj small, narrow

• comp ns smælre
• supl ns smalost

smēagan (smēan) WIII

think, reflect upon, consider (trans and intr)

• 3 sg smēað
• 3 pl smēagað
• opt 3 sg smēage
• pret 3 sg smēade

smēaung (smēagung) f contemplation, reflection

• ds -unga

smið m smith

• gp smiða

smiððe f smithy

• ds smiððan

smolt adj mild, peaceable

smylte adj mild, tranquil, peaceable

• ds smyltre
• is smylte

[smolt]

smyltnes f smoothness, quiet, calm

[smolt]

smyrian (smerian, smyrwan) WI anoint

[smeoru]

snāw m snow

snell adj quick, active, keen, bold

• ns snel
• np snelle

[Ger schnell]

sniðan

(principal parts: pret sg:snāð pret pl:snidon pp:sniden ) 1 cut

[Ger schneiden]

snīwan

WI snow

• opt 3 sg snīwe

snotor (snottor) adj

discerning, wise

• ns snottor
• np snottre

snūde

adv quickly

[Ger schleunig]

snytro (snyttru) f discernment, wisdom

[snotor]

snyttru-cræft m discerning skill or might

sōfte adv softly, easily, pleasantly

• comp sōftor

solor (solere) m soler, upper floor or chamber

• ds solore, solere

[Lat sōlārium; Ger Söller]

somnian WII

1. collect, gather together (trans)
   • 3 sg somnað
2. assemble (intr)
   • 3 sg (for 3 pl ?) somnað

[Ger sammeln]

somnunga (semninga) suddenly, forthwith

somod (samod)

adv together

• somod ætgædere

sōn m sound

• gs sōnes

[Lat sonus]

sōna adv soon

song (sang) m n song, poem

• gs songes
• is songe
• np song

song-cræft m art of song and poetry

sorg (sorh) f sorrow

• ns sorh
• ds sorge

sorg-full adv sorrowful

• comp ap -fulran

sōð adj sooth, true

• gs sōðan
• np sōðe
• ds tō sōðe, adv, in truth, truly
• dp tō sōðon

sōð-cyning m true King, God

sōð-fæst adj true, faithful

sōþ-fæstnis f truth

• gs -nysse

sōðlice

adv verily, truly, indeed

spæc see:sprecan

spāca m

spoke

• gs spācan
• np spācan

spǣtan

WI spit

• pret 3 pl spǣtton

spearca m

spark

• as spearcan

spearwa m sparrow

spēd f speed, success, riches, power

• as spēd
• np spēda

spēdan WI accede (w dat)

• 2 pl spēdað

[spēd]

spēdig adj prosperous, rich, powerful

spel-boda

m messenger

[bēodan]

spell n saying, story, narrative, message

• gs spelle
• as spell
• np spell
• gp spella

spere n spear

• ap speru

spillan WI spill, destroy

splott n splotch, blot, spot

spor n track, footprint

• ds spore

[Ger Spur]

spōwan (principal parts: pret sg:spēow pret pl:spēowan pp:spōwen ) R succeed (impers w dat)

[cf Ger sputen]

sprǣc f speech, language, saying, discourse

• gs sprǣce
• as sprǣce
• ap sprǣca

sprecan (specan) (principal parts: pret sg:spræc pret pl:sprǣcon

pp:sprecen ) 5 speak

• ptc sprecende
• 3 sg spricð, spriceð, sprecð
• pret 3 sg spæc
• 3 pl sprǣcan

sprengan WI

fly into pieces, burst, break (intr)

• pret 3 sg sprengde

[springan]

springan

(principal parts: pret sg:sprong pret pl:sprungon pp:sprungen ) 3 spring (intr)

• pret 3 sg sprang

spyrian (spyrigean) WI; W II follow, search, inquire (intr)

• inf spyrigean
• 3 pl spyriað

[spor]

staca m stake

• ds stacan

stæde-fæst see:stede-fæst

stæf m staff, rod; letter, writing

• ds stafe

[cf Ger Buchstabe]

stæl-here m predatory, marauding army or band

• dp -hergum

stæl-hrān

m decoy-reindeer

• np -hrānas

stæl-wyrðe

adj stalwart, serviceable

stān m stone, rock

• ds stāne
• np stānas

stān-clif n stony cliff

• np -clifu

standan see:stondan

stǣnen adj

of stone

• ns stǣnene
• ds stænenne
• ap stǣnene

[stān]

stān-hleoþ (hlīþ) n stony declivity, cliff

• ap -hleoþu

stān-scylig adj stone-shelly, stony

• ap -scyligean

[scyll]

stæp-mǣlum (dp) adv step by step

stǣr n story, history, narrative

• gs stǣres
• as stǣr

[Lat historia]

stæð

n shore

• ds stæðe, staþe

[standan; Ger Gestade]

staðelian

WII establish

• pret 3 sg staðelode

[staðol, foundation]

stēap

adj steep, lofty, precipitous

• as stēape

stearc adj

stark, strong

stēda m steed, stallion

• as stēdan

stede m stead, place

stede-fæst (stæde-) adj steadfast

• np -fæste, stæde-

stefn (stemn) f

1. voice, sound
   • ds stefne, stemne
   • is stefne
2. m, summons, term of military service
   • as stemn

[Ger Stimme]

stefn (stæfn) m stem, prow of a ship

• ds stefne

stemn see:stefn

stemnettan WI stem, resist, stand firm (intr)

• pret 3 pl stemnetton

stenc m stench, odor, fragrance

• as stenc

steng

m stang, pole, rod, bar

• ap stengas

[stingan]

stēor-bord

n starboard, right side of a ship

stēor-rēþra m steersman

• ds -rēþran

steort m tail

• ds steorte

[cf Mod start]

steppan (stæppan) (principal parts: pret sg:stōp pret pl:stōpon pp:stapen ) 6 step, advance, go

stician WII

1. stick, stab (trans)
   • pp gesticod
2. stick, remain (intr)
   • 3 pl sticiað

stīgan (principal parts: pret sg:stāg,stāh pret pl:stigon pp:stigen ) 1 ascend, rise, spring up

• 3 sg stīgeð
• opt 3 sg stigge

[cf Mod sty]

stihtan WI

incite

• pret 3 sg stihte

[Ger stiften]

stille adj

still, fixed

• ds stillan
• np stille, stillu

stilnes

f stillness, quiet

• ds -nesse

stincende

(ptc) adj stinking, of offensive smell

• supl ns stincendiste

[stincan]

stingan

(principal parts: pret sg:stong pret pl:stungon pp:stungen ) 3 sting, stab, push through (trans)

• imp 2 sg sting
• pret 3 sg stang

stīð adj stiff, firm, stern, resolute, brave

• as stīðan

stīð-hycgende (ptc) adj firm of purpose, resolute, brave

stīð-hȳdig (-hygdig)

adj firm of purpose, resolute

stīðlīce adv stoutly, boldly, severely

• comp stīðlīcor

stoce m stock, stake

• ds stocce

stōd-hors n stallion

stondan (standan) (principal parts: pret sg:stōd pret pl:stōdon

pp:standen ) 6 stand, occupy a place, arise (intr)

• inf standan
• 3 sg stent, stynt, stondeð
• 3 pl stondað

storm m storm

• is storme
• np stormas
• gp storma

stōw f place

• ds stōwe
• as stōwe
• ap stōwa

[Mod stow]

strǣl m f arrow, dart

[Ger Strahl]

strand m strand

• ds strande

strang see:strong

strangian WII strengthen

• ptc strangende

[strong]

stranglīc adj strong

• ds -līcre

stranglīce adv strongly

strǣt f

street, road

• ds strǣt

[Lat strāta]

strēam m

stream

• ap strēamas

strec (stræc) adj stern, severe

• ns streca
• gs strecan

[streccan]

strengðu (strengð)

f strength

strong (strang) adj strong

• as strangne
• np stronge, strange
• comp ap strangran

stund f

brief period of time

[Ger Stunde]

Stūr-mere m estuary of the Stour (Essex)

stycce-mǣlum (dp) adv

piecemeal; here and there

stȳman WI steam (intr)

• 3 sg stȳmeð

[stēam]

styrman WI storm (intr)

• opt 3 sg styrme

[storm]

styrian WI stir, move (trans and intr)

• pret 3 sg styredon (w refl acc)

suā see:swā

sub-dīacon (-dēacon) m subdeacon

suelc see:swilc

sūð-stæð

n south coast

• ds -stæðe

sum pron adj

some, certain, some one, certain one (w gen)

• gs sumes
• ds sumum
• ds sumre
• as sumne
• is sume
• np sume, sumu
• ap sume, suma, sumu

• sum ... sum a part ... the rest
• sumes adv somewhat
• sumum ... sumum
• sume dæge one day
• sum hund about a hundred
• syxa sum one of six (with five others)

sumor (sumer) m summer

• gs sumeres (adv)
• ds sumera

sumor-lida m

summer-army (one that does not winter in the country)

[līðan]

sun-bearo m sunny grove

sun-beorht adj

sun-bright

sundor adv apart

sund-plega m sporting in the waves, bathing

• ds -plegan

sunnan-dæg m Sunday

sunnan-ūhta m Sunday morning

• ds -ūhtan

sunn-bēam

m sunbeam

sunne f sun

• gs sunnan
• m sunna (?)

sunu m son

• gs suna
• as sunu, suna
• ap suna

sūpan

(principal parts: pret sg:sēap pret pl:supon pp:sopen ) 2 sup, drink

• ger sūpenne

sūsl n torment

• ap sūslo

sūð adv south, southwards

sūðan adv from the south

• be sūþan prep (w dat) south of
• wið sūþan (w acc)

sūþerne

adj southern

sūðe-weard adj southward

sūð-rima m

south coast

• ds -riman

sūð-rodor m southern sky

sūþ-ryhte adv southwards

sūð-sǣ m f south-sea (the sea south of England)

Sūð-seaxe pl m South Saxons, Sussex

• gp -seaxna

suwian

see:swigian

swā (swǣ) adv (dem and rel) so, as (manner, degree)

• swā forð so forth
• swǣ same in like manner
• swā ðēah however
• ēac swā also
• swā swā sa as, just as
• swǣ swǣ
• swā ... swā as ... as
• swǣ ... swǣ swǣ so ... (just) as
• swā swā so that
• swā ... swā (w comp) the ... the
• swā oft swā whenever
• swā hwider swā whithersoever
• swā hwā swā whosoever
• swā hwæt swā whatsoever
• bī swā hwaþerre efes swā on whichever side

swæcc m odor, fragrance

swālīce

adv so, thus

swan m swan

• gs swanes

swān m swain, peasant, young man

swār (swǣr) adj heavy, grievous

[Ger schwer]

swǣs adj beloved, own

• as swǣsne

swǣsendu pl n dainties, banquet

swāt m sweat, blood

• is swāte

swæð n swath, track, footprint

[swaðu]

sweart adj swart, black, tawny

• ds sweartan

swefn (swefen) n sleep, dream

[swebban]

swēg m sound, harmony

• is swēge
• gp swēga

swēgan WI

sound, have sound or import (intr)

• 3 sg swēgð

[cf Mod swoon]

swegel (swegl)

n sky, heavens

• gs swegles
• ds swegle
• as swegel

swegel-condel f candle or luminary of heaven

• gs -condelle

swelc, swelce see:swilc, swilce

swelgan (principal parts: pret sg:swealg pret pl:swulgon

pp:swolgen ) 3 swallow (trans)

• 3 sg swelgeð

sweltan (principal parts: pret sg:swealt pret pl:swulton pp:swolten ) 3 die

• 3 sg swelt
• opt 3 sg swelte

swencan WI trouble, molest, afflict, torment

• 3 sg swenceð
• opt 3 sg swence
• pp pl geswencte, geswencede

[swincan]

sweng m stroke, blow

• gs swenges

[swingan]

Swēo-land n Sweden

Swēom dp m the Swedes

swēora (swūra, swīra, swȳra) m neck

• ds suīran
• as swēoran, swūran, swȳran

sweord (swurd, swyrd) n sword

• ds swurde
• as sweord, swurd
• is sweorde
• gp sweorda

sweotol (swiotol, swutol) adj clear, manifest, distinct

[cf Goth swikunþs]

sweotole adv clearly

• comp sweotoler

sweotolian WII make manifest

• 3 sg sweotolað

sweotolīce (swutelīce) adv clearly

swer m

pillar, column

• ds swere
• as swer

swēte

adj sweet

• as swētne
• comp ns swētra
• supl as swēteste
• supl ap swētestan

swētnis f sweetness

• gs -nysse
• ds -nesse
• as -nisse

sweðrian WII diminish, subside (intr)

• 3 sg sweðtrað

swīc-dōm m deception

swift adj swift

• comp np swiftran
• supl ap swyftoste

swīgian (swugian, sugian, suwian)

WIII be silent

• 3 sg swīað
• imp 2 sg suwa
• pp geswīged

[Ger schweigen]

swilc (swylc, swelc) pron adj such

• ds swylcere, swylce, suelc
• dp swylcum, swilcum, suelcum

• as swylc swylce such as

swilce (swylce, swelce) adv conj

1. (w indic) in such manner, thus, likewise
   • ēac swylce
   • ēac swelce
2. (w opt) as if, as though

swimman (principal parts: pret sg:swomm pret pl:swummon pp:swummen ) 3 swim

• 3 pl swimmað

swīn (swȳn) n swine, hog

• gp swȳna

swincan (principal parts: pret sg:swonc pret pl:swuncon pp:swuncen ) 3 swink, labor, toil, strive (intr)

• 3 sg swincð
• 2 pl swincað

[swingan]

swingan (principal parts: pret sg:swong pret pl:swungon pp:swungen ) 3 whip, swinge, scourge, strike, beat

• imp 2 pl swingað

swingel f whip, scourge

• as swingle

[swingan]

swīnsian WII sound, make melody, sing

• 3 sg swīnsað

swīnsung f melody, harmony

• ds -unge

swīra see:swēora

swīð (swȳð) adj strong, active, severe

• comp ns swīðre, swȳðre
• comp ds swȳðran
• comp as swīðran

[Ger geschwind]

swīðe (swȳðe) adv very, exceedingly, severely; (in supl) especially

• for swȳðe very severely

• comp swīþor, suīðor, swȳþor

• suīðor þonne rather than

• supl swīðost

• ealles swīþost most of all
• eallra swīþust most of all

swīðlīc adj intense, excessive

• ds -līcre

swol

n heat, burning

• gs swoles
• ds swole

[swelan, /sweal/]

swongor adj heavy, inert

[Ger schwanger]

swūra see:swēora

swurd see:sweord

swuster (sweosteor) f sister

• gs swyster
• as swuster

swutelīce see:sweotolīce

swylc, swylce see:swilc, swilce

swylt-cwalu f agony of death

• as -cwale

swylt-hwīl f hour of death

• ds -hwīle

swȳn see:swīn

swȳra see:swēora

sylen f gift

• as sylene

[sellan]

sylf see:self

sylfren adj of silver

• ds sylfrenan

[seolfor]

syll f sill, base, support

• ds sylle

symbel n feast, banquet

• ds symble
• gp symbla

symble (symle, simle) adv

ever, always

[sin + mǣl]

symle see:symble

syn-bend m f n

fetter of sin or of hell

• ap -bendas

syn-byrþen f burden of sin

• ap -byrþenna

synd see:bēon

synderlīce

adv specially

[sundor]

syndrig adj separate, private

syndriglīce

adv separately, specially

syn-full adj sinful

• gs -fullan

synlīc adj sinful

• ap -līcu

synn f sin

• np synna
• gp synna

synnig adj sinful

syrwan (sierwan) WI

1. plot, machinate
2. put on armor
   • pp gesyrwed

[searu]

Syr-ware pl m Syrians

• gp -wara

syððan see:siððan

syx (siex, six, sex) num gp syxa

syxtig num sixty

syxtig-feald adj sixty-fold

• as -fealdne

T

tǣcan (tǣcean) WI teach, direct

• 3 sg tǣcð
• opt 3 pl tǣcean
• pret 2 sg tǣhtest
• 3 sg tǣhte
• 3 pl -on

tācen n token, symbol, sign, miracle

• as tācen
• is tācne
• np tācno, tācna

tācnian

WII symbolize, signify, represent

tægel m tail

tǣlan WI

reprove, blame

• pret 2 sg tǣldesð (dial)
• pp pl getǣlde

tam

adj tame

• np tamu
• gp tamra

tān (tā, f) m twig

[cf mistel-tān /mistletoe/]

tapur (tapor) m taper

tǣsan WI lacerate, pierce

• pret 3 sg tǣsde

[Mod tease]

teala see:teola

tēar m tear

• ap tēaras

tēar-gēotende (ptc) adj tear-shedding, tearful

• gs -gēotendre

telga m branch

• np telgan

Temes f the Thames

• ds Temese

tempel n temple

• ds templ
• as templ

[Lat Templum]

teohhian (tiohhian) WII arrange, appoint, direct, destine

• 3 sg tiohhað
• 1 pl tiohhiað
• pret 3 sg teohhode
• pp tiohhod, getiohhod

[teoh, Ger Zeche]

teola (teala, tela) adv properly, well

[til]

teolian, teolung

see:tilian, tilung

tēon (tīon) (principal parts: pret sg:tēah pret pl:tugon pp:togen ) 2 draw, betake oneself, go

• 3 sg tīehð
• opt 3 sg tīo

tēon (tēogan)

irreg arrange, create

• pret 3 sg tēode

[cf teohhian]

tēonlīce

adj grievously

[tēon, /accuse/; Mod teen]

Ter-finna gp the Terfins

tīber n

offering, sacrifice

• ds tībre

[cf Ger Ungeziefer]

tīd f

tide, time, hour

• ds tīde
• is tīde
• np tīda

tīgan WI tie

• pp getīged

tihtan see:tyhtan

til adj good

[Ger Ziel]

tilian (teolian) WII

1. endeavor, strive, after
   • inf teolian
   • 3 sg tiolað
   • 3 pl tiliað
2. provide, treat, gain (w gen)
   • 3 pl tilgað opt 3 sg tilige

[Mod till]

tilung (teolung) f

tillage, husbandry

• gs teolunge

tīma m time

• ds tīman

timbran WI build, construct

• pret 3 pl timbredon

tin-treg n torment

• np tintrega
• dp tinttregum
• ap -trega, tyntrega, -trego, -tregu

tin-treglīc adj

full of torment

• gs -līcan

tiohhian see:teohhian

tīr m fame, glory, honor

[Ger Zier]

tīr-ēadig adj glorious

tīr-fæst adj famous, glorious

• as -fæste
• as -fæst

tīr-meahtig adj of glorious might

tīðian WII

grant (w dat of pers and gen of thing)

• ger tīðienne

tō prep

1. (w dat instr) to, at, for (place, time, indirect relation, condition); conducing to, for, as; sign of gerund; w verbs to inquire, seek, learn; prep adv
   • tō ðǣm adv, to such an extent or degree, so
   • tō ðām
   • tō ðon
   • tō þon to that (time)
   • tō sōðon truly
   • tō dæg to-day
   • tō dæge
   • tō ðearfe according to what is needed (cf for benefit)
   • tō ðǣr to where; belonging thereto
   • ðǣr tō ēacan in addition thereto
2. (w gen)
   • tō ðæs adv [(= tō ðæm) (hwon)] moreover, however

tō adv

too

tō-æt-ȳcan WI add

• pret 3 sg -ætȳhte

[ēac]

tō-berstan 3 burst, break asunder

• pret 3 sg -bærst

tō-brǣdan WI spread out

• pp -brǣdd

tō-brecan

4 break in pieces, destroy, break through

• opt 3 sg -brece
• pret 3 sg -bræc
• 3 pl -brǣcon
• pp -brocen
• sg -brocenan

tō-ceorfan

(principal parts: pret sg:-cearf pret pl:-curfon pp:-corfen ) 3 carve out

tō-clēofan 2

cleave asunder

• 3 sg -clēofeð

tō-cnāwan R know, acknowledge

• opt 3 sg -cnāwe

tō-cuman 4 come, arrive

• pp -cumen

tō-cwȳsan WI crush

• 1 sg -cwȳse
• pp pl -cwȳsede

[Mod squeeze]

tō-cwȳsednis f crushed condition

• gs -nysse

tō-cyme m arrival, advent

tō-dāl n separation, difference

tō-dǣlan WI divide, separate

• 1 sg -dǣle
• 3 pl -dǣlað
• pp -dǣled

tō-emnes

prep (w dat) alongside

tō-faran 6 separate, disperse (intr)

• pret 3 sg -fōr

tō-foran prep (w dat) before (time and place)

tō-gædere adv

together

tō-gēanes prep (w dat) toward, before

tō-ge-ðēodan WI join

• pret 3 sg -þēodde

tō-hopa m hope

• as -hopan

tō-lēsan see:tō-lȳsan

tō-lēsnes

f dissolution, violation, breach

tō-licgan 5 lie between, separate

• 3 sg -līð

tō-lȳsan (-lēsan) WI loosen, relax, unhinge

• pp tōlēsed

tō-middes prep (w dat) amidst, amongst

tō-niman 4 take apart, separate, open, lift up

• imp 2 pl -nymað
• pp -numen

torht adj

bright, glorious

• ns torhte

torn n anger, indignation

[Ger Zorn]

tōscēad n distinction, difference

tō-slūpan 2 slip away

tō-smēagean (-smēagan) WIII think over in detail, inquire into, consider

• inf -smēagian

to-stencan WI scatter, drag along

• 3 pl -stencaþ

[stincan]

tō-teran 4 tear in pieces

• pret 3 sg -tær

tō-twǣman WI separate

• pp -twǣmed

[twēgen]

tōð m tooth

• np tōðas
• dp tōþum
• ap tēð

tō-weard adj toward, approaching, imminent, future

• gs -weardan
• as -wearde
• gp -weardra

tō-weard

prep (w dat) toward

tō-wearde adv in advance, beforehand

tō-wegan 5

disperse

• pp -wegen

tō-weorpan (-wurpan) (principal parts: pret sg:-wearp pret pl:-wurpon

pp:-worpen ) 3 overthrow, destroy

• inf -wurpan
• 1 sg -wurpe

tō-wurpan see:tō-weorpan

traht-bōc f treatise

• ap -bēc

[trahtian Ger trachten]

trēo f tree, wood

• gs trēowes
• ds trēowe, trēo, trȳw

trēow f

faith, pledge, agreement

• as trēowe
• ap trēowa

trēowen

adj of a tree, wooden

• ds trēowenre
• as trēowene

Trūsō an ancient city on the Drausensea

trūwa m confidence

• as trūwan

trymm (tremm) n short distance, step

• as trym

trymman (trymian) WI confirm, exhort

• inf trymian
• pret 3 pl trymedon
• pp trymed

[Mod trim]

tū see:twēgen

tūcian WII ill-treat, torment, punish

• pret 3 sg tūcode

tūdor (tūddor) n offspring, issue

• gs tūddres
• as tūdor

tūn m (enclosure), town, village, homestead

• ds tūne

[Ger Zaun]

tunece f tunic, coat

• as tunecan

[Lat tunica]

tunge f tongue

• as tungan

tūn-ge-rēfa m town-reeve, bailiff, steward of a manor

• ds -gerēfan

tungol

n (m) luminary, star

• np tungla
• gp tungla
• ap tunglu

turf f turf

• ds tyrf

tūwa (tūwwa twūwa trīwa) adv twice

twā see:twēgen

twēgen num m twain, two

• n tū
• nom twā
• acc tū, twā

• on tū in two
• tū swā lange adv twice as long

• f twā
• gen (of all genders) twēga
• dat twǣm, twām

twelf num twelve

• nom twelfe
• dat twelfum

twēntig num twenty

twēonian (twȳnian) WII doubt (impers)

• 3 sg twēlonað, twȳnað

twēonung (twȳnung) f doubt

• ds twȳnunge

twī-feald adj two-fold

tȳdernis (tȳddernis) f weakness

• as tȳddernysse

[tūdor]

tȳdran WI beget, bring forth

• 3 sg tȳdreð

[tūdor]

tyht (tiht) m training, instruction; motion, progress

• ds tyhte

[tēon]

tyhtan (tihtan) WI instigate, urge, persuade, exhort

• pret 3 sg tihte

[tēon]

tyhting (tihting) f instruction, advice

• dp tihtingum

tȳman WI beget, engender

• pret 3 sg tȳmde

[tēam]

tȳn (tīen) num ten

ð (þ).

þā adv; conj (dem and rel)

then, when

• þā þā then when
• þā hē þā ... þā when he then...then

[Ger da]

þā see:sē

þafian WII consent to, permit; endure, suffer

• 3 sg þafað
• opt 3 sg þafige
• pret 3 sg þafode

þǣm, þām

see:sē

ðanc (ðonc) m grace, mercy, thanks

• ns ðonc
• gs ðonces

• Godes þonces through the mercy of God
• mīnes ðonces by my favor

• as þanc
• ap ðancas

ðancian

WII thank (w dat of pers and gen of thing)

• 1 sg þancige
• 1 pl þanciað
• pret 3 sg ðancode

ðanon see:ðonan

ðǣr (ðār)

adv (dem and rel) there, where

• þǣr þǣr there where
• tō þǣr
• to where
• ðǣr inne
• ðǣr on
• ðǣr tō
• ðǣr tō ēacan
• ðǣr ūtan
• ðǣr wið

þǣre, þǣra, þāra see:sē

ðās see:ðēs

þæs see:sē

þæslīce

[(cf þyslīc)] adv suitably

þæt (þætte < þæt þe) conj that, so that

• swā þæt so that

ðe rel particle that, which; (conj) because, or; w comp, than

• sē þe he that, that
• þām þe see:(see sē)
• for ðǣm ðe see:(see for)
• oð ðe see:(see oð)
• ðe ... ðe
• whether...or
• hwæðer ... þe

þē see:ðū and sē

ðēah (ðēh) conj adv

though, however, nevertheless

• ðēah ðe

ðearf f need, behoof, requirement, benefit

• ds þearfe
• as þearfe

[þurfan]

ðearfa

m poor man

• np ðearfan

þearfende (ptc) adj

being in want

ðearle adv severely

þearlīc adj severe, cruel

þēaw m habit, custom, practice, behavior

• ap ðēawas

[Mod thews]

þeccan WI cover

• 3 sg þeceð
• 3 pl þeccað
• pret 3 sg þeahte

[cf Mod thatch; Ger decken]

þegen (þegn, þēn) m

servant, thane, officer, retainer, warrior

• ns þegn
• as þegen, þegn
• np þegnas, þegenas, þēnas
• gp þegna, þēna

[Ger Degen]

ðegenlīce adv in a manner becoming a ðegen, faithfully

ðegnian (ðēnian) WII

1. serve (w dat)
   • pret 3 sg ðēnode
2. perform (a service), supply another with anything
   • inf ðēnian

ðēh see:ðēah

þēn see:þegen

ðencan

WI think, consider, resolve, intend

• 1 sg ðence
• 2 sg ðencest
• 3 sg ðencð, ðenceð
• pret 3 sg ðōhte

þenden conj adv while, as long as

ðēnian see:ðegnian

ðēnig-monn m serving-man

• ap -men

þēnung (þēning) f service, ministration, office; attendants; service of a meal; book of a service

• ds þēnunga
• as þēnunge
• np þēnunga
• ap ðēnunga, ðēninga

þēod (þīod) f people, nation

• gs ðēode
• ds ðēode, ðīoda
• as ðēode
• np ðēoda, ðīoda
• gp ðēoda

[Ger deutsch]

þēoden m chief, lord, prince, king

• ds ðēodne
• as þēoden

þēod-land n inhabited country

þēod-scipe

m service, discipline

• as -scipe

ðēof m

thief

• ap ðēofas

ðēon (principal parts: pret sg:ðāh pret pl:ðigon

pp:ðigen ) 1 thrive, prosper, succeed

• pret 3 sg ðēah

[Mod obs thee, Ger gedeihen]

ðēos see:ðēs

ðēoster-full adj full of darkness

• ap -fulle

ðēostro (ðīostro, ðȳstro) f n darkness

• gs ðīostro
• as (or ap) ðīostro, ðȳstro
• gp ðēostra
• dp þīostrum, ðȳstrum

ðēow (ðīow) m servant

• ds þēowe
• gp ðēowa, ðīowa

[cf þegen]

ðēowa m servant

• np ðēowan

ðēow-dōm m service

ðēowian WII

serve (w dat)

• ptc ðēowigende
• 3 sg þēowað
• 3 pl þēowiað
• pret 1 sg þēodde
• 3 sg þēode

ðēs (ðēos, ðis)

dem pron this

• m ns ðēs
• m ds þeossum
• m as ðisne, þysne
• m is ðȳs
• f ns ðēos, þīos
• f gs ðisse
• f ds ðisse, ðeosse
• f as þās
• n ns ðis
• n is ðȳs
• f ds ðissum, þysum
• np (all genders) ðās
• gp (all genders) ðissa, ðissera
• dp (all genders) ðiosum, þeossum

• ǣr ðissum
• as þis
• oð ðis

þiccnes f thickness

• as -nesse

ðicgan 5 receive, take, consume, eat

• ger þicgenne
• 3 sg þigeð
• pret 3 pl þēgun

ðider (ðyder, ðidres) thither

þider-weard adv thither-ward

þider-weardes adv thither-wards

þīn

poss pron thine

• ns þīn
• ds þīnre, þi-num
• as þīnne
• gp þīnra
• ap þīne

þīnen

f handmaid

• ap þīnena

[þegen]

ðing

n thing

• gs ðinges
• ds þinge
• as ðincg
• np ðing
• dp ðingum

• for ðiosum ðingum for this reason

ðingere m one that pleads a cause, advocate

• np þingeras

ðingian WII plead a cause, intercede for another (w dat)

• 3 pl þingiað
• opt 3 sg þingie
• pret opt 3 sg þingode

ðingung f

advocacy, intercession, mediation

• as -unge

þīod see:þēod

ðīostro see:ðēostro

ðīow see:ðēow

ðīowot-dōm (ðēowot-)

m service

• ap -dōmas

ðis see:ðēs

þolian WII

1. suffer, endure, undergo
   • ger þolianne, ðoligenne
   • pret 3 sg þolade
2. endure, hold out (intr)

[Ger dulden]

þon see:sē

ðonan (ðonon, ðanon) adv thence

ðonan-weard adj on the way thence

þone see:sē

þonne (þænne) adv (dem and rel) then, when; w comp than

• þonne þonne then when
• þonne þonne ... þonne
• þonne ... þonne

þorn m thorn

• np þornas

þoterung f lamentation

þrāg (þrāh) f time

• as þrāge

• þrāge adv for a time
• dp at times, sometimes

ðrēagean (ðrēagan, ðrēan) WIII rebuke, reprove, oppress

• ger ðrēagenne
• pret 3 sg ðrēade

þrēat m crowd, troop, flock

ðrī (ðrīe, ðrȳ, ðrēow, ðrīow) num three

• nom þrȳ, þrēo
• gen þrēora
• dat þrīm
• acc þrīe, ðrȳ, þrīo

þridda num adj

third

• ns þridde
• gs þriddan
• ds þryddan
• as þridde, -an

þringan (principal parts: pret sg:þrong pret pl:þrungon pp:þrungen )

3 throng, press or crowd together

• 3 pl þringað

[Ger dringen]

þrīnnis

f trinity

• ds þrȳnnysse

þrīst (þrīste) adj

bold, confident, resolute, rash, presumptuous

• np ðrīste

[Ger dreist]

ðrī-tēne (ðrēo-, -tȳne, ðrēottȳne) num

thirteen

ðrītig (ðrīttig, þrīttig) num thirty

• gs þrītiges, ðrītigra

þrītig-feald adj thirty-fold

• as -fealdne

ðrīwa adv thrice

þrotu f throat

• ds þrotan

ðrōwian WII suffer

• ger ðrōwianne
• ptc þrōwiende, þrōwigende
• 3 sg ðrōwað
• pret 2 sg þrōwodest
• 3 sg -ade

ðrōwung f suffering

• ds -unge

þryccan WI oppress, afflict

• pp þrycced

[Ger druecken]

þrymlīce adv gloriously

þrymm m multitude, host, strength, force, renown, glory

• ns þrym
• gp þrymma

þrym-sittende

(ptc) adj sitting in glory

• ds -sittendum

þrȳð (þrȳðo) f

might, majesty, copiousness

• np þrȳþe
• dp multitude

ðū

second pers pron thou

• gs ðīn
• ds ðē
• as ðec, ðe-
• dual nom git (gyt)
• dual gen incer
• dual dat inc
• dual acc incit (inc)
• np gē
• gp ēower
• dp ēow, īow
• ap ēowic (ēow), ēow, īow

• gyt būtū both of you

þunor m thunder

• gs þunres

þurfan

PP need, be required, have occasion

• 2 sg þearft
• 3 sg þearf
• 1 pl þurfe wē
• opt 2 sg þurfe
• 3 pl þyrfen
• pret 3 sg ðorfte
• 3 pl ðorfton

[Ger duerfen]

ðurh prep (w acc) through (condition, agency)

• ðurh þæt þe

þurh-flēon 2 fly, fly through

• opt 3 sg -flēo

þurh-scēotan 2 shoot through, pierce

• 3 sg -scēoteð
• pp p -scotene

þurh-slēan 6 smite through

• 3 sg -slyhþ

þurh-tēon 2 (draw through), fulfil, accomplish

þurh-wadan (principal parts:

pret sg:-wo-d pret pl:-wōdon pp:-waden ) 6 go through, penetrate

ðurh-wunian WII continue, be steadfast

• ptc -wuniende
• pret 3 sg -wunode
• 3 pl -odon

þurst m thirst

ðurstig adj thirsty

• ds ðurstigum

ðus adv thus

ðūsend n thousand

• gp þūsenda
• ap þūsende

þwēan (principal parts: pret sg:ðwōh pret pl:ðwōgon pp:ðwægen ) 6 wash

• pret 3 sg ðwōh

þwyrnis (þweorhnis) f perversity

• ds -nysse
• dp -nyssum

[ðweorh]

þȳ see:sē

þȳdan WI submit

• opt 1 kpl þȳdon

[ðēod]

ðyncan WI seem, appear

• 3 sg ðynceð
• opt 3 pl ðyncen
• pret 3 sg þūhte
• pret opt 3 sg þūhte
• pp geðūht
• 3 sg ðyncð, ðynceð, ðincð

• mē ðyncð methinks

• opt 3 sg ðince
• pret 3 sg þūhte

ðyrstan WI thirst after (w gen)

• opt 3 sg ðyrste

[ðurst]

þyslīc (þuslīc, þæslīc) pron adj such

• np þyslīco

ðȳstro see:ðēostro

U

ufan adv from above, above

ufe-weard adj

upward, upper, higher up

• ds -weardum

ufor adv further away

ūhta m dawn

• gp ūhtna

ūht-song m morning song; matins

• ds -songe
• as -song

un-ā-berendlīc adj intolerable

• as -līce

un-ā-secgendlīc adj unspeakable

• ds -līcum

un-ā-ðroten

(pp) adj unwearied, indefatigable

• np -ðrotene

[ðrēotan]

un-ā-wendendlīc

adj unchangeable

un-be-boht adj (ptc) unsold

• gp unbebohtra

[bebycgan]

un-be-fohten (pp) adj unopposed

• np -fohtene

un-bryce adj imperishable

[brecan]

uncer see:ic

un-coþu f disease

• as uncoðe

un-cūð adj unknown, uncertain

un-cyst f vice, wickedness

• ds -cyste
• ap -cyste

under prep (w dat and acc)

1. under (w dat)
2. (w acc)
   • under bæc adv backwards [(cf ofer bæc)]

under-be-ginnan (principal parts: pret sg:-gonn pret pl:-gunnon pp:-gunnen ) 3

undertake

• ger -ginnene

under-fenge m undertaking

under-fōn (principal parts: pret sg:-fēng pret pl:-fēngon pp:fangen ) R undertake, receive, assume

• ger -fōnne
• ptc -fōnde
• 3 pl -fōð
• opt 3 pl -fōn
• pret opt 3 sg -fēnge

under-gietan (-gitan -gytan) 5 perceive

• pret 3 sg -geat

undern m mid-morning, morning

under-scēotan (principal parts:

pret sg:-scēat pret pl:-scuton pp:-scoten ) 2 support

• pp pl -scotene

under-stondan 6 understand

• inf -standan
• 3 sg -stent

under-ðēodan see:under-ðīedan

under-ðīedan (-ðȳdan, -ðēodan, -ðīodan) WI subject to

(w reflex acc and dat)

• pret opt 3 pl -ðīodden
• pret 3 sg -ðēodde
• pp -ðīed, -ðēod, -ðdēoded
• pl -ðēodde

under-ðīodan see:under-ðīedan

un-drēfed (pp) adj untroubled, undisturbed, undefiled (of water)

un-earg (-earh) adj not cowardly, brave

• np -earge

un-ēaðe adv not easily, with difficulty

un-ēaðelīce (-ȳðelīce, -ēðelīce) adv

with difficulty

un-fæger adj not fair, unsightly, foul

un-feor adv

not far, near

un-for-bærned (pp) adj unburned

un-for-cūð adj reputable, excellent, brave

un-forht adj fearless, undaunted

• np -forhte

un-forht-mōd adj fearless

un-friþ m hostility

• ds unfriþe

un-gearo adj unprepared, unready

• gs -gearowes

un-ge-cyndelīc adj unnatural, terrible

• ap -cyndelīce, -cyndelīco

un-ge-endod (pp) adj endless

• as -endode
• ap -endodan

un-ge-fōge adv excessively

un-ge-frǣglīce adv

(to an unheard of degree), unquestionably, incredibly

un-ge-fullod (pp) adj unbaptized

un-ge-hīrsum adj disobedient

un-ge-lǣred (pp) adj unlearned, ignorant

• np -lǣredan

un-ge-lǣrednes f want of learning, ignorance

• ds -nesse

un-ge-lēaffull

adj unbelieving

• np -fulle
• ap -fullan

un-ge-lēafulnes f unbelief

• ds -nesse

un-ge-līc

adj unlike (w dat)

un-ge-limplīc adj unfitting, shameful

• ap -līco

un-ge-metlīce adv immoderately

un-ge-rād adj

at variance, discordant

• np -gerāde

un-ge-rēdelice (-rǣdelīce -rȳdelīce) adv insecurely

• supl -līcost

un-ge-sǣlig adj unhappy

• ns -sǣliga
• np -sǣlige

un-ge-sǣlð f misfortune

• gp -sǣlða

un-ge-scēadwīs adj undiscerning, unintelligent, irrational

• ds -wīsum
• np -wīse

un-ge-sewenlīc adj invisible

• np -līca

un-ge-trum adj weak, infirm

• np -trume

un-ge-þwǣre adj at variance, discordant

un-ge-þyldig adj

impatient

• np -þyldige

un-ge-wemmed (pp) adj undefiled, pure

un-ge-wuna m evil habit

• gs -wunan

un-ge-wyrded (pp) adj uninjured

un-glēawnes f want of discernment

un-hāl

adj not hale, ill

• dp -hālum

un-hēanlīce adv

not ignominiously, nobly

[Ger Hohn]

un-lǣred (pp) adj unlearned, ignorant

• np -lǣrde

un-lybba m poisonous drug

• as unlybban

un-mǣte adj immeasurable

un-mihtig adj without might, weak

• ns -myhtig

un-myltsiendlīc adj unpardonable

unnan PP grant, favor (w dat of pers and gen of thing)

• 3 sg an
• pret 3 sg ūðe
• pret opt 3 pl ūþon

un-nēdig adj without compulsion or restraint; of one's own volition

• np -nēdige

[nēad]

un-nytt (-nett) useless

• ns -nyt, -net

[nēotan]

un-ofer-swīðelīc adj unconquerable

• np -līce

un-orne adj old

un-rǣd m

evil counsel, folly

• dp (adv) -rǣdum

un-riht adj wrong, wicked, unjust

• np -rihte, -rihtan
• dp -ryhtum

un-riht n

wrong, sin, injustice

un-rihtlīce adv wrongfully

un-rihtnes f wrong, unrighteousness

• ds -nesse

un-riht-wīsnes f unrighteousness, injustice

• gs -ryhtwȳsnysse

un-riht-wyrhta m evildoer

• np (voc) -wyrhtan

un-rīm n countless number

un-rōt adj

sad, disconsolate

un-rōt-mōd adj sadhearted

un-rōtnes f sadness, contrition

un-scæððig adj innocent

• gs -an

un-sceaðfulnes f innocence

• as -nesse

un-scyldig

adj guiltless, innocent

• gs -scyldgan
• as -scyldigan
• ap -scyldge

un-smēþe adj not smooth, uneven, rough

• gs -smēþes

un-spēdig adj poor

• np un-spēdigan

un-staðol-fæst adj unstable, unenduring

• np -fæste

un-stille adj moving

• np unstillu

un-stilnes

f disturbance

• as -nesse

un-tela adv

improperly, wrongly

un-trēowsian WII deceive

• pp pl geuntrēowsode

un-trum adj weak, infirm, ill

• as -truman
• gp -trumra
• ap -trume, -truman

un-trumnes (-try-) f weakness, illness

• ds -nesse
• np -nyssa
• dp -nyssum
• ap -nyssa

un-ðanc-wurðe adj ungrateful, unacceptable

un-ðēaw m

evil practice, vice

• np -ðēawas
• gp -ðēawa
• ap -ðēawas

un-wāclīce adv unwaveringly

un-wær adj unwary

• np -waran
• comp ns -wærre

un-wærlīce

adv unwarily, rashly

un-wærscipe m carelessness, folly

un-wealt adj

not 'walty,' steady

• comp np unwealtran

un-weaxen (pp) adj

not grown, young

un-wemme adj undefiled, pure

un-wierðe (-wyrðe) adj unworthy of

(w gen)

un-windan (principal parts: pret sg:-wond pret pl:-wundon, pp:-wunden ) 3 unwind, uncover

un-wīs adj unwise

• np -wīse
• ap -wīse

un-wīs-dōm m unwisdom, ignorance

• ds -dōme

un-wit-weorc n foolish work

• dp -weorcum

un-wið-metenlīce adv incomparably

un-wlitigian WII change the appearance of beauty of anything

• 3 sg -wlitegað

un-wrecen (pp) adj unpunished

[wrecan]

un-wrītere m incorrect writer

ūp (ūpp, upp) adj up, upwards

• wið upp above, upwards

ūp-ā-hafenes f exaltation

• ds -nesse

ūp-ā-hebban 6 exalt, lift up

• 3 sg -hefeð
• pp dp hafenum

ūp-ā-rǣred (pp) adj exalted

• ns upp-

ūp-ā-stīgnes f ascension

• ds -nesse

ūp-ā-wend pp directed upward

• dp -wendum

ūp-gang m

1. rising (of the sun)
   • ds -gange
2. way up, approach
   • as -gang

ūp-lǣdend (ptc) adj

towering

• gp -lǣdendra

ūp-līc adj upper, heavenly

• gs upplīcan, ūplīcan

uppe adv up, above

• uppe on lande up into the land

uppon prep (w dat) upon

• on uppan

ūpp-stīgan 1 rise, spring up

• ptc as -stīgendne

ūp-stige m ascension

• ds ūp-stige

ūre

poss pron our

• gs ūres
• ds ūrum
• as ūrne, ūre
• np ūre
• gp ūra

urnon

see:yrnan

ūs see:ic

ūser poss pron our

• np ūsse

ūsic see:ic

ūt adv out, without

ūtan adv from without, outside

ūtan-bordes

(gen) adv abroad

ūte adv out, outside, without

ūter-mere m

outer, open sea

ūtera (ūterra, ȳtra, ȳttra) comp adj outer

• ns ūterre
• ap ȳttran
• supl uttermost, extreme, last
• supl ap ȳtmæstan

ūte-weard

adj outward, outside

• ds -weardum

ūt-gong m

departure, exodus

• ds -gonge

uton see:wuton

ūð-wita m wise man, philosopher

• as -witan
• np -wiotan

W

wā [(cf wēa)] m

1. woe
2. interj
   • wālāwā alas
   • wēi lā wēi

wāc adj weak, pliant, insignificant, mean

• ds wācum
• as wācne

wæcce f watch, waking

• ap wæccan

wācian WII become weak, waver

wāclīc adj weak, mean

• ds -līcum

wācnis f weakness; insignificance

• ds -nysse

wacol adj awake, vigilant

• comp ns wacolre

wacollīce adv vigilantly

wadan (principal parts:

pret sg:wōd pret pl:wōdon pp:waden ) 6 wade; advance, go, travel

wǣdl (wǣðl, wēðl) f poverty, want

• ns wēðel
• gs wǣdle

wǣdla

m poor man

wǣdlian WII be poor, beg

• ptc wǣdligende
• opt 2 pl wǣdlion

wǣfels m n covering, dress

• ds wǣfelse

wǣfer-sȳn f spectacle, display

• ds -sȳne

wāfian WII be agitated or astonished

• 3 pl wāfiað

wǣg (wēg) m wave

• gp wǣga
• ap wǣgas

[wegan; Ger Woge]

wagian WII wag, move (intr)

• pret 3 sg wagode

wæl n

1. body of the slain, slaughter, carnage
2. battle-field

[wōl 'pestilence'; cf Mod Valhalla]

wæl-feld m field of slaughter

• ds -felda

wæl-gīfre adj greedy for slaughter

• np -gīfru

wæl-hrēow adj slaughterhouse, murderous, cruel

• ns -hrēowa
• ds -hrēowan

wæl-rēaf n spoil of the slain, of the destroyed

wæl-rest (-ræst) f

bed of slaughter

• as -ræste

wæl-sleaht (-sliht) m slaughter

• ns -sliht
• gp -sleahta

wæl-spere n

deadly spear

wæl-stōw f place of slaughter, battle-field

• gs -stōwe
• ds -stōwe

[cf Ger Wahlstatt]

wæl-wulf m slaughter-wolf, warrior

• np -wulfas

wamb see:womb

wǣn (wægn) m

wain, wagon

• gs wænes
• as wǣn

wandian

WII waver, hesitate

• pret 3 sg wandode

[windan]

wandrian WII wander, vary, change

• ptc wandriende
• opt 3 sg wandrige

wan-hāl (wann-) adj unhealthy, weak, ill

• dp wann-

wan-hȳdig adj heedless, rash

wanian WII wane, diminish, fade, perish (intr)

• 3 sg wanað
• 3 pl waniað

wan-spēdig adj

destitute, poor

• ap -spēdigan

wǣpen n weapon

• ds wǣpne
• as wǣpen
• np wǣpen
• gp wǣpna

wǣpen-ge-wrīxl n conflict (exchange) of weapons

• gs -wrīxles

wǣr f security, covenant, trust

• ap wǣra

wǣre, wǣron see:bēon

wǣr-fæst adj covenant-keeping, faithful

warian WII guard, protect, attend

• 3 sg warað

warnian (wearnian)

WII take warning, take heed

• imp 2 pl warniað

waroð (waruð, wearoð) m

shore

• ds waroðe

[Ger Werder]

waru f

defence

• ds ware

waru f ware, article of merchandise

• as ware

wæs see:bēon

wæstm

m (n) growth, fruit, product, result, benefit

• ds wæstme
• as wæstm
• np wæstmas
• ap wæstma

[weaxan]

wæstm-bǣre adj

fruit bearing, fruitful

wæstmian WII grow, increase

wǣt n drink

• gs wǣtes

wæter n water

• gs wæteres
• ds wætere
• as wæter
• np wæter
• ap wæteru

wæter-fæsten n water-fastness, place protected by water

• ds -fæstenne

wāð f motion, going, flight

waðum m wave

• gp waðema
• dp waðeman

wē see:ic

weald m weald, forest

• ds wealda
• as weald
• np wealdas

wealdan (principal parts: pret sg:wēold pret pl:wēoldon pp:wealden ) R wield, control, direct, govern (w gen)

• 3 sg welt
• opt 3 sg wealde
• 3 pl wealden

wealdend (waldend) m ruler, lord

• ns waldend
• np waldend

Wealh-ge-fēra (or -ge-rēfa) m commander of the troops on the Welsh border (or, reeve of the King's Welsh serfs)

wealh-stōd m interpreter, translator

• gp -stōda
• ap -stōdas

weall

m wall, rampart

• ns weal
• gs wealles
• ds wealle
• as weall
• np weallas

weallan (principal parts: pret sg:wēoll pret pl:wēollon pp:weallen ) R be agitated, well, boil

• ptc weallende
• ds -endum

weal-steall m wall-place, foundation

• as -steal

wealwian WII wallow, roll

• ptc wealwigende
• opt 3 pl wealowigen
• pret 3 sg wealwode

weard

m ward, guard, keeper

• ns gs weardes

weardian WII

guard, keep, occupy

• 3 sg weardað
• 3 pl weardiað

wearm

adj warm

wearmian WII become warm

• 3 pl wearmiað

wēa-tācen n token of woe

weaxan (wexan) (principal parts: pret sg:wōx,wēox

pret pl:wōxon,wēoxon pp:weaxen ) 6 and R wax, grow, increase

• ptc as wexendne
• 3 sg wexð weaxeð
• 3 pl weaxað
• opt 3 sg wexe
• pret 3 sg wēox

webbian WII weave; contrive

• ger webgenne

weccan WI wake, arouse (trans)

• inf 3 sg wecceð

wecg m wedge

• ds wecge

wēdan

WI be mad, rage

• pret 3 sg wēdde

[wōd]

weder

n weather

weder-condel f (weather candle) sun

weg m

way

• as weg
• dp wegas
• ap wegas
• gs weges

• his weges his way
• on weg away
• aweg away [(< on weg)]
• ealne weg always see:(see eall)

wēg see:wig

wegan (principal parts: pret sg:wæg pret pl:wǣgon pp:wegen )

5 carry

weg-farende ptc adj wayfaring

weg-nest n m

provisions for a journey; viaticum

• is -neste

wel adv well

• ēac wel likewise abundantly
• wel hwǣr almost everywhere

wela m

weal, prosperity, riches

• gs welan

wel-dǣd f good deed

• dp

weler m lip

• ap weleras

welig adj wealthy, prosperous, rich

• np welige
• dp welegum
• ap welegan

wel-willende (ptc) adj

well-willing, benevolent

• ds -willendum

wēn f hope, expectation, supposition

[Ger Wahn]

wēnan WI ween, hope, expect, suppose, imagine, think

• inf ger wēnanne
• 1 sg wēne
• 2 sg wēnst
• 3 sg wenð
• 1 pl wēnað
• 2 sg wēne
• 3 pl wēndon

wendan

WI

1. wend one's way, turn, go, change (intr; refl acc)
   • 3 sg went
   • opt 3 sg wende
   • pret 3 sg wende
   • 3 pl wendon
2. turn, change, translate (trans)
   • 3 sg went
   • opt 3 sg wende
   • 1 pl wenden
   • 3 pl pret
   • 3 pl wendon

[windan]

wennan

WI [(wenian W II)] accustom, entertain (trans)

• wenian mid wynnum entertain joyfully

• pret 3 sg wenede

• wenede tō wiste feast

wēofod see:wīg-bed

Weonod-lund (Weonoð-) n Wendland

• ns Weonoð
• ds -lande

weorc n work, action, deed

• gp weorca
• ap weorc

weorold see:woruld

weorpan (wurpan)

(principal parts: pret sg:wearp pret pl:wurpon pp:worpen ) 3 throw, cast

• opt 3 sg wurpe

weorþ (wurþ) n worth, value

• ns wurþ
• as wurþ

weorðe (weorð, wyrðe) worthy (w gen or dat)

• ns wyrðe
• gs wyrðes (w dat)
• comp as wyrðran
• supl np weorðoste

weorðan (wurðan) (principal parts: pret sg:wearð pret pl:wurdon pp:worden ) 3 become (pass aux)

happen (intr)

• 2 sg wurþest
• 3 sg wyrð
• 3 pl weorðað
• opt 3 sg weorðe
• 3 pl weorðen
• pret 3 sg
• pret opt 3 sg wurde

[Ger werden]

weorðian (wurðian) WII honor, worship

• 3 sg wurðað
• 3 pl weorðiað
• opt 3 sg weorðige
• pret 3 sg wurðode

weorðlīc adj worthy, honorable

• as -līcne

weorðlīce (wurðlīce) adv worthily, honorably

weorð-mynd (wurð-mynt) f m honor, reverence, glory

• ns wurðmynt
• gs wurðmyntes
• ds wurðmynte
• as wurðmynt

weorð-scipe m honor, dignity

wēpan

(principal parts: pret sg:wēop pret pl:wēopon pp:-- ) R weep

• ptc dp wēpendum

wer m man

• gs weres
• ds were
• as wer
• np weras
• gp wera

[Goth wair; cog Lat vir; cf Mod Werwolf]

werian WI

1. defend (w refl acc)
   • pret 3 sg werede
   • 3 pl weredon
2. clothe
   • pp pl werede

[Mod wear]

wērig adj weary, dejected

• as wērigne
• np wērige

wērig-mōd adj spirit-weary

• ns

werod (wered, weorod) n

band of men, army, host

• ds werode
• is werode werede weorode
• gp weoruda
• dp weorodum

[wer]

wesan see:bēon

west adv west; west, westwards

westan adv from the west

westan-wind m west-wind

• gs -windes

wēste

adj waste, desolate

wēsten n waste, desert

• ds wēstenne, wēstene
• as wēsten

west-dǣl m west quarter or region

• ap -dǣlas

west-lang adj extending west

West-sǣ m f

West-sea (the sea west of Norway in opposition to the East-sea ie the Baltic Sea)

West-seaxe pl m the West-Saxons; Wessex

• gp -seaxna, -seaxena
• dp -seaxan

wēðel see:wǣdl

wīc m f n

wick, dwelling-place, camp

wicg n horse

• ds wicge

wīc-ge-fēra (or better, -gerēfa) m bailiff, or reeve, of a wick or village

wīcian WII dwell, lodge, encamp

• 3 pl wīciað
• pret 3 sg wīcode
• 3 pl -odon

wicing m viking, pirate

• as gp wīcinga
• ap wīcingas

wīc-stōw f dwelling-place

• ds -stōwe

wīde adv widely

• sīde and wīde far and wide

wīd-gill adj broad, extensive

• as -gillan

wīd-sǣ

f open sea

wif n wife; woman

• gs wīfes
• ds wīfe
• as wīf
• gp wīfa
• ap wīf

wīf-cȳþþ f (home or) company of a woman

• ds -cȳþþe

wīf-hād m woman-hood

• gs -hādes

wīfian WII marry (intr)

• pp gewīfod

wīg m n war, battle

• ns gs wīges
• ds wīge

wīg (wīh, wēg) m altar

• as wēg

[cf Ger weihen]

wiga m warrior

• as wigan
• gp wigena

wīg-bed (wīh-bed, wēobed, wēofod) n altar

• as wēofod
• ap wīgbed, wīgbedo

[-bed < bēod 'table']

wīgend m warrior

[Ger Weigand]

wīg-haga (wīh-) m (war-hedge), line of battle, phalanx

• as wīhagan

wīg-heard adj resolute in battle

• as -heardne

wīg-plega m (war-play), battle

• ds -plegan

wīg-smið m (war-smith), warrior

• np -smiðas

wiht (wuht) f n wight, person, creature; whit, thing, anything

• ns wuht
• gs wuhte
• ds wuhte
• as wihte wuht

• nǣnig wuht adv not at all

Wiht f Isle of Wight

wilde adj

wild

• ns wilda
• np wilde wildu
• ap wildan

wildor n wild beast or animal, reindeer

wil-ge-dryht f willing retinue

wil-giefa m gracious giver, lord

willa m will, determination, purpose, desire, pleasure

• ds willan

willan irreg will, be willing, wish, be about to

• 1 sg wille
• 2 sg wilt, wylt
• 1 pl willað
• 3 pl wyllað
• opt 2 sg wille
• 3 sg wile
• pret 1 sg wolde
• 2 sg woldes
• 3 sg wolde
• 3 pl woldon
• pret opt 3 sg wolde
• 3 pl wolden woldon woldan

[w neg see nyllan (= ne-willan)]

will-sele m delightful dwelling

will-wong m plain of delight

• ds -wonge

wilnian

WII desire, wish (w gen or acc)

• ptc wilnigende
• 1 sg wilnige
• 3 sg wilnað
• 3 pl wilniað
• opt 3 sg wilnie
• pret 2 sg wilnadest
• 3 sg wilnode

wilnung f wish, desire

• ds -unga

wil-sum adj desirable, delightful

• dp -suman

wil-sumnes f willingness

• ds -nesse

Wil-tūn m Wilton (Wiltshire)

• ds -tūne

wīl-wendlīc see:hwīl-wendlīc

wīn n wine

• ds wīne

Win-burne f Wimborne (Dorsetshire)

• ds -burnan

wind m wind

• gs windes
• ds winde
• as wind
• np windas

windan

(principal parts: pret sg:wond pret pl:wundon pp:wunden ) 3

1. wind, twist, brandish (trans)
   • pret 3 sg wand
2. turn, go, fly (intr)

windig

adj windy

wine m friend, lord

• ap winas

[wynn]

Winedas pl m Wends; country of the Wends

wine-dryhten (-drihten)

m friendly lord

• gs -dryhtnes
• as -drihten

wine-lēas adj friendless

• ns

wine-mǣg

m friendly kinsman

• gp -mǣga
• ap -māgas

winnan (principal parts: pret sg:wonn pret pl:wunnon pp:wunnen ) 3 fight, strive (intr)

• 1 pl winnað
• imp 2 sg wyn
• pret 3 sg wann

wīn-sæl n wine-hall

• np -salo

Wintan-ceaster (Winte-)

f Winchester

• ds -ceastre Winteceastre

winter m

winter (in reckoning time, the equivalent of Mod year)

• gs wintres
• adv ds wintra
• as winter
• gp wintra

winter-cearig adj full of the care of years

winter-ge-wǣde n weed, garment or covering of winter

winter-ge-weorp n winter storm

winter-scūr

m winter shower

winter-tīd f winter-tide

• ds -tīde

wiota see:wita

wiotan see:witan

Wir-hēal m Wirral (Cheshire)

• ds Wīrhēale

wis

adj wise

• ds wīsan
• is wīse
• np wīse

wīs-dōm m wisdom, learning

• gs -dōmes
• ds -dōme
• as -dōm

wīse f

wise, manner, condition, idiom; matter

• as wīsan

wīsian WII direct, guide

• pret 3 sg wīsode

Wīsle f the Vistula

Wīsle-mūða m the mouth of the Vistula

• as -muðan

wīslīc

adj wise

wīs-monn m wise man

• ns -mon

wisnian WII wither, waste away

• pret 3 sg wisnode

[weornian]

wissian WII direct, guide (w dat)

wist f

food, provision, feast

• ds wiste
• np wista
• ap wiste

[wesan]

wist-fullian WII feast (intr)

• opt 2 sg -fullige

wit, wyt see:ic

wita (wiota) m

wise man, councilor

• np witan wiotan
• dp wytum
• gp witena wiotona

[witan]

witan (wiotan) PP know

• ger witanne, wiotonne
• 1 sg wāt
• 2 sg wāst
• 3 sg wāt
• 1 pl witon
• imp 2 sg wite
• opt 1 pl witen
• 2 pl wite gē
• pret 1 sg wiste
• 3 sg wisse
• 3 pl wiston
• pret opt 3 sg wisse
• 1 pl wissen

[w neg, see nytan (= ne-witan)]

wīte n

punishment, torment, injury

• gs wiites
• as wīte
• np wītu

[Ger Verweis]

wīte-dōm m prophecy

wītega (wītiga, wȳtega, wītga) m

seer, prophet

• ns wȳtega wītga
• as wītegan wītgan
• np wītgan
• dp wȳtegum

[cf Mod wiseacre]

wītegian WII prophesy

• pret 1 sg wītegode
• 3 sg wītgode

Wīt-land n

Witland (in Prussia, on the Baltic Sea)

wītnian WII punish, torment, injure

• 3 sg wītnað
• 3 pl wītniað
• pret 3 sg wītnode

[wīte, cf Mod twit]

wītnung f

torment, punishment

witodlīce adv truly, indeed

wið prep (w gen dat acc)

1. with (w gen) toward, to (motion, direction)
2. with (w dat) toward, for, against (direction, exchange, opposition) prep adv
3. with (w acc) toward, along, with, against (motion, direction, location, extension) (association, contrast, opposition);
   • wið ēastan adv to the east
   • wið upp upwards, above
   • wið ēastan prep (w acc) east of

wiþerian

WII oppose

• pres ptc wiþerigende

wiþer-lēan n

requital, reward

[cf Mod guerdon]

wiþer-sæc n hostility, opposition

• ds -sæce

[sacan]

wiðer-weardlīce (wyðer-werdlice) adv in a hostile manner

wiðer-winna (wȳðer-wynna) m

adversary

• ns wyðerwynna
• as wyðerwynnan

wið-hogian

WII disregard (w gen)

• pret 3 sg -hogode

wið-innan

adv from within; within

wið-metan (principal parts: pret sg:-mæt pret pl:mǣton pp:meten ) 5

measure or compare with (trans)

• 1 pl -mete wē

wið-metenes f

comparison

• ds -nesse

wið-sacan 6 strive against, renounce (w dat)

wið-stondan (-standan) 6 withstand, resist (w dat)

• inf -standan wyðstandan

wið-ūtan adv from without; without

wlanc see:wlonc

wlencu f pride

• np wlencea

[wlonc]

wlītan (principal parts: pret sg:wlāt pret pl:wliton pp:wliten ) 1 look (intr)

• 3 pl wlītað

wlite m appearance, countenance, beauty

[wlītan; cf Ger Antlitz]

wlitig adj beautiful, fair, pleasing

• comp ns wlitigra

wlitig-fæst adj of enduring beauty

wlitigian WII beautify, adorn

• 3 sg wlitegað

wlonc (wlanc) adj proud

• ds wlancan
• as wlancne
• np wlance

wōd adj

mad, raging

[Mod obs wood; Ger Wut]

Wōdnes-dæg m Wednesday

wōdnis f

madness

• ds -nysse

wōh (wōg, wō) adj crooked, wrong

• as noun, wrong, perversion
• ds tō wōge
• as wōh, on wōh, on wōn

wōh-dǣd f wrong deed

• np -dǣda

[wōlīcum]

wōhlīc (wōlic) adj wrongful

wōhlīce (wōlīce) adv wrongly, amiss

wōhnes (wōnes) f wrong, error, wickedness

• np wōnessa
• dp wōnessum

wolcen n cloud

• ds wolcne
• np wolcen

[Mod welkin]

wōlīc, wōlīce see:wōhlīc (-līce)

wōma

m noise, alarm, terror

womb (wamb) f belly

• as wambe

[Mod womb]

womm (wamm) m stain, defilement, sin

wōnes see:wōhnes

wong (wang) m plain, field

• gs wonges

wonn (wann) adj dark

• ns won

wōp

m weeping, lamentation

• ds wōpe

[wēpan]

word

n word

• ds worde
• as word
• np word
• gp worda

wōrian WII move, totter, crumble to pieces

• 3 pl wōriað

worn m large number, multitude

woruld (worold, weoruld, world) f

1. world
   • ns weorld, world
   • gs worulde, worolde
   • ds worulde, weorulde
   • as woruld, weoruld
2. long period of time, cycle, eternity
   • ds tō worulde, in worulde
   • as and gp on worlda world

woruld-ār (worold-) f worldly honor

• as woroldāre

woruld-caru

f worldly care

• ap -cara

woruld-cund adj

worldly, secular

• gp -cundra

woruld-frēond (world-) m

worldly friend

• gp worldfrēonda

woruld-ge-sǣlig adj worldly prosperous

woruld-ge-sǣlð (weoruld-) f worldly fortune

• np weoruldgesǣlða

woruld-ge-strēon n worldly riches

woruld-hād (weoruld-) m secular life

• ds weoruldhāde
• as -hād

woruldlīc (worold-, world-) adj worldly

• ap woroldlecan
• gp -līcra
• ap worldlīcu

woruld-rīce (world-) n kingdom of the world, world

• ds world-rīce

woruld-rīce (world-) adj having worldly power or riches

• gp worldrīcra

woruld-ðing (worold-)

n worldly thing or affair

• gp -ðinga, worold-
• ap ðing

woruld-wela (worold-) m worldly weal, prosperity, riches

• gp woroldwelena
• ap -welan

woruld-wisdōm m worldly wisdom

wōð-cræft m art of song

• is - cræfte

[wōd]

wræc-hwīl f period of exile or of distress

• ds -hwīle

wræc-lāst m track or path of exile, exile

• ap -lāstas

wræc-sīð m journey of exile or of peril, exile

• ds -sīðe
• as sīð

wracu f persecution, cruelty, distress

[wrecan]

wrǣtlīc adj ornamental, splendid, wondrous

• np -līce

[wrǣtt, 'ornament']

wrǣtlīce adv splendidly, wondrously

wrāð adj wroth, angry, hostile

• gp wrāþra

wraðu f support, sustenance

• as wraðe

wrecan (principal parts: pret sg:wræc pret pl:wrǣcon pp:wrecen ) 5

banish, persecute, wreak, avenge, punish

• 1 pl wrecað
• opt 3 sg wrece
• 3 pl wrecen (w dat)
• pret opt 3 sg wrǣce

wrēgan WI accuse

• 3 pl wrēgað
• opt 3 sg wrēge
• pret 3 pl wrēgdon

[wrōht]

wrenc m wrench, bending, twist, trick, deceit; modulation

• gp wrenca

[Ger Rank]

wrīdan 1 grow

• 3 sg wrīdeð

wrīdian WII grow, flourish

• 3 sg wrīdað

writ

n writ, writing

• np writu

wrītan (principal parts: pret sg:wrāt pret pl:writon pp:writen )

(1) write

• 1 pl wrītað
• opt 3 sg wrīte
• pret 3 pl wreoton
• pp gewryten

wrītere m writer

• ds wrītere
• ap wrīteras

wrīxendlīce adv

in turn

wrīxlan WI change, exchange

• 3 sg wrīxleð (of the play of colors)

[wrīxl, Ger Wechsel]

wrōht m f persecution, accusation, strife, enmity

• ap wrōhtas

[Goth wrōhs, Ger Ruge]

wucu (wice, weoce) f week

• gs wucan
• gp wucena

wudu m wood, forest

• gs wuda
• ds wuda
• as wudu
• np wudas

wudu-bēam m tree of the forest or grove

• gp -bēama

wudu-bearo m forest, grove

• gs bearwes
• ds bearwe

wudu-blǣd (blēd) f blossom of the grove

• ap -blēda

wudu-fæsten n forest-fastness, place protected by woods

• ds -fæstenne

wudu-holt m n forest, grove

wuduwe (widuwe, wydewe) f widow

• gs wydewan
• as wydewan

wuht see:wiht

wuldor n glory, honor, dignity

• ds wuldre
• as wuldor

wuldor-cyning m glorious King

wuldor-fæder m glorious Father

wuldor-fæst adj immutable in glory

• ns -fæsta

wuldor-full adj glorious

• ns -fulla
• ds fulre

wuldor-fullīce adv gloriously

wuldor-gāst m glorious Spirit

wuldor-torht adj gloriously bright

wuldor-þrymm m glorious might or excellence

• ap -þrymmas

wuldrian WII glorify

• ptc wuldrigende
• imp 2 pl wuldriað

wulf m wolf

wund f wound

• as wunde
• np wunda
• ap wunda

wund adj wounded

wundor n wonder, marvel

• gp wundra
• ap wundra

wundorlīc adj wonderful, wondrous

• ds -līcum

wundorlīce adv wondrously

• comp wundorlīcor

wundrian WII wonder at a thing (w gen)

• ptc wundrigende
• 3 pl wundriað
• pret 1 sg wundrode, -ade
• 3 sg -ode
• 3 pl -odon

wunian WII dwell, remain, continue, live (intr)

• ptc wunigende
• 3 sg wunað
• imp 2 sg wuna
• (w. local acc.) pret 3 sg wunode, -ade

wunung f dwelling, abode, 'living'

• as -unge
• ap unga

wurma m (murex?) phenicine, purple red, or crimson

• dp wurman

wurpan see:weorpan

wurð, wurðian see:weorð, weorðian

wurð-mynt see:weorð-mynd

wuton (uton) opt 1 pl of wītan: "go"; used to introduce an imperative or an adhortative clause, "let us"

wylla (wiella, willa) m

well, spring, fountain

• as willan
• np wyllan

[weallan]

wylle-ge-spryng m n well-spring

wylle-strēam m fountain-stream

• gp -strēama
• ap -strēamas

wylm (wielm, welm) m f welling, boiling, surging, fervor

• ds wylme, welme
• as wylm

[weallan]

wynlīc

adj joyful, pleasant

wynlond n land of joy

wynn (wyn) f

joy, delight; w gen crowning joy, the best

• gs wynne
• gp wynna

[Ger Wonne]

wyn-sum adj winsome, delightful

• np wynsumu
• gp -sumra
• ap -sume
• comp ns -sumra

wynsumlīc adj

winsome

wyn-sumnes f winsomeness

• ds -nesse

wyrcan (wyrcean) WI work, make, perform, do

• 3 sg wyrcð, wircð
• imp 2 sg wyrc
• opt 3 sg wyrce
• 3 pl wyrcen
• pret 3 sg worhte
• 3 pl worhtun

wyrd f weird, fate, destiny

• gs wyrde
• ds wyrde
• as wyrd
• gp wyrda

[weorðan]

wyrhta m wright, worker, maker

• np wyrhtan

wyrm m worm, serpent

• gs wyrmes
• gp wyrma

wyrm-līca m figure of a dragon (?); serpentine ornamentation (?)

wyrnan WI

deny, refuse, withhold (w dat of pers and gen of thing)

• pret 3 sg wyrnde
• 3 pl -don

[wearn 'refusal'; Mod warn]

wyrsa, wyrrest see:yfel

wyrt f wort, root, plant, herb

• np wyrta
• gp wyrta

[Ger Wurz]

wyrt-truma

m root

• as wyrtruman

wyrðe see:weorðe

wȳscan WI wish (w dat of pers and gen of thing)

• pret 3 sg wȳscte

Y

ȳdel see:īdel

yfel

adj evil, bad

• as yflan
• np yfle, yflan
• gp yflena
• dp yflan
• comp ns wyrsa
• comp np wyrsan
• supl dp wyrrestum
• supl ap weorstan, wyrstan

yfel n

evil, wickedness, mischief

• gs yfeles
• ap yfelu
• dp yflum

yfele adv badly, miserably

yfelnis f wickedness

• as -nysse

yfel-willende (ptc) adj willing evil, evil-minded

yfel-wyrcende (ptc) adj evil-doing

yflian WII wrong, injure

• 3 sg yflað
• pret 3 sg yflode

ylca see:ilca

ylding f tarrying, delay

• ds yldinge

[eald]

yldo (yldu, yld, ieldu, ield) f age

• gs ylde
• as ylde, yldu

[Mod eld]

yldra (ieldra) m ancestor, parent

• np ieldran, yldran
• gp yldrena
• ap yldran

[eald]

ymbe (ymb, embe)

prep w acc; adv around, about (place, time); concerning

ymbe-sprǣc f comment, remark, criticism

• as -sprǣce

ymb-fōn R grasp, seize

• 3 sg -fēhð

ymb-hwyrft m circuit

ymb-hȳdignis (-hygdignis) f reflection, anxiety

• ds -nysse

ymb-sellan WI encompass

• pret 3 sg -sealde

ymb-settan WI surround

• 3 sg seteð
• pp pl -sette

ymb-sittan 5 besiege

• pret 3 pl -sǣton

ymb-ūtan adv about, around

yrfe-numa m

heir

• np yrfenuman

yrfe-weard m heir

yrhðu (-yrhðo) f cowardice

• as yrhðo

[earh]

yrmð (yrmðo, iermð, ermð) f poverty, care, hardship, misery

• ns yrmðu
• ds yrmðe

[earm]

yrnan (iernan, irnan) (principal parts: pret sg:arn pret pl:urnon pp:urnen ) 3

run

• inf irnan
• ptc yrnende (of a ship; also of years)

yrre (ierre) n anger

yrre (ierre, eorre) adj angry, enraged

ys see:bēon

ȳsen see:īsen

ȳsle f

ashes

• np ȳslan

ȳst f storm

yteren adj of an otter

• as yterenne

[otor]

ȳtmæst see:ūtera

ȳttra see:ūtera

ȳð

f wave

• np ȳða

ȳðan WI

lay waste (trans)

• pret 3 sg ȳðde

ȳð-faru f

wave-course, flood

• ds -fare

ȳð-mere m ocean of waves