Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary 1908/Tiller Tournure

by Thomas Davidson

fāte, fär; mē, hėr; mīne; mōte; mūte; mōōn; then.

Tiller, til′ėr, n. the handle or lever for turning a rudder.—ns. Till′er-chain, -rope, the chain or rope uniting the fore-end of the tiller with the steering-wheel. [M. E. tillen, to draw out—A.S. tyllan. Cf. Till (1).]

Tilly-vally, til′i-val′i, n. (Shak.) an expression of contempt at what has been said.—Also Till′ie-vall′ie.

Tilt, tilt, n. the canvas covering of a cart or wagon: an awning in a boat.—v.t. to cover with an awning. [A.S. teld—teldan, to cover; cog. with Ger. zelt.]

Tilt, tilt, v.i. to ride against another and thrust with a lance: to thrust or fight with a lance or rapier: to fall into a sloping posture, to heel over.—v.t. to point or thrust with, as a lance: to slant: to raise one end of: to forge with a tilt-hammer.—n. a thrust: in the Middle Ages, an exercise in which combatants rode against each other with lances: inclination forward, dip, slant.—ns. Tilt′er; Tilt′-hamm′er, a heavy hammer used in ironworks, which is tilted or lifted by means of projections on the axis of a wheel; Tilt′ing; Tilt′-yard, a place for tilting. [A.S. tealt, tottering; Ice. tölta, to trot; Ger. zelter.]

Tilth, tilth, n. cultivation: cultivated land: the depth of soil turned up in cultivation. [From till (3).]

Timariot, ti-mä′ri-ot, n. a soldier of the Turkish feudal militia. [Turk. tīmār.]

Timbal, tim′bal, n. a kettledrum. [Fr.,—It. timballo.]

Timbale, tang-bal′, n. a dish of fowl or fish pounded and mixed with white of egg, sweet cream, &c., poured into a mould. [Fr.]

Timber, tim′bėr, n. wood for building purposes: the trunk of a tree: material for any structure: one of the larger pieces of the framework of a house, ship, &c.: one of the planks forming the sides and roof of a gallery in a mine.—v.t. to furnish with timber or beams.—p.adj. Tim′bered, furnished with timber: (Shak.) built, formed, contrived: (Spens.) made like timber, massive.—ns. Tim′bering, timber materials; Tim′ber-man, one responsible for the timbers in a mine; Tim′ber-toes, a person with a wooden leg; Tim′ber-tree, a tree suitable for timber; Tim′ber-yard, a yard or place where timber is stored. [A.S. timber, building, wood; Ger. zimmer, an apartment.]

Timbre, tim′bėr, n. tone, character, or quality of a musical sound. [O. Fr.,—L. tympanum, a drum.]

Timbrel, tim′brel, n. an ancient musical instrument, carried in the hand, apparently like a tambourine.—adj. Tim′brelled (Milt.), sung to the sound of the timbrel. [O. Fr. timbre—L. tympanum, a drum.]

Timbrology, tim-brol′ō-ji, n. the study of postage-stamps.—n. Timbroph′ily, love for this harmless pursuit. [Fr. timbre, postage-stamp, -ology.]

Time, tīm, n. a point at which, or period during which, things happen: a season or proper time: an opportunity: absolute duration: an interval: past time: the duration of one's life: allotted period: repetition of anything or mention with reference to repetition: musical measure, or rate of movement: a measured interval in verse: (gram.) the relation of a verb with regard to tense: the umpire's call in prize-fights, &c.: hour of travail: the state of things at any period, usually in pl.: the history of the world, as opposed to eternity: addition of a thing to itself.—v.t. to do at the proper season: to regulate as to time: (mus.) to measure.—v.i. to keep or beat time.—ns. Time′-ball, a ball arranged to drop from the summit of a pole at a particular time; Time′-bargain, a contract to buy or sell merchandise or stock at a certain time in the future.—adjs. Time′-beguil′ing, making the time pass quickly; Time′-bett′ering, improving the state of things as time goes on; Time′-bewast′ed (Shak.), wasted or worn by time.—ns. Time′-bill, a time-table; Time′-book, a book for keeping an account of the time men have worked; Time′-card, a card bearing a time-table: a card with blank spaces for workmen's hours, &c., being filled in; Time′-fuse, a fuse calculated to burn a definite length of time; Time′-gun, a gun which is fired by means of a mechanical contrivance and a current of electricity at a particular time.—adj. Time′-hon′oured, honoured for a long time: venerable on account of antiquity.—ns. Time′ist, Tim′ist, a musical performer in relation to his sense for time; Time′-keep′er, a clock, watch, or other instrument for keeping or marking time: one who keeps the time of workmen.—adj. Time′less, done at an improper time, unseasonable: (Shak.) done before the proper time.—adv. Time′lessly, before the proper time: unseasonably.—n. Time′liness.—adj. Time′ly, in good time: sufficiently early: (obs.) keeping time.—adv. early, soon.—adjs. Time′ly-part′ed (Shak.), having died in time—i.e. at a natural time; Time′ous, in Scot. legal phraseology, in good time: seasonable.—adv. Time′ously, in good time.—ns. Time′piece, a piece of machinery for keeping time, esp. a clock for a mantel-piece; Time′-pleas′er (Shak.), one who complies with prevailing opinions, whatever they be; Time′-serv′er, one who serves or meanly suits his opinions to the times.—adj. Time′-serving, complying with the spirit of the times or with present power.—n. mean compliance with the spirit of the times or with present power.—ns. Time′-tā′ble, a table or list showing the times of certain things, as trains, steamers, &c.; Time′-thrust, a thrust made in fencing at the moment the opponent draws breath for his thrust; Time′-work, labour paid for by the hour or the day—opp. to Piece-work.—adjs. Time′-worn, worn or decayed by time; Tim′ous (Bacon), timely.—Time out of mind, from time immemorial.—Apparent time, true solar time as shown by a carefully adjusted sun-dial; Astronomical time, the time past mean noon of that day, and reckoned on to twenty-four hours in mean time; At times, at distinct intervals: occasionally; Be master of one's time, to be free to do what one likes; Civil time, common time, or mean time, in which the day begins at midnight, and is divided into equal portions of twelve hours each; Fill time, to book vacant dates; In time, Time enough, in good season, sufficiently early; Keep time, to indicate the time correctly: to make any regular rhythmical movements at the same time with others; Lose time, to let time pass without making use of it: to run slow—of a watch, &c.; Make time, to recover lost time: to perform in a certain time; Mean time, the mean or average of apparent time, as shown by a good clock; Sidereal time, the portion of a sidereal day which has elapsed since the transit of the first point of Aries; Solar time, time as shown by the sun or sun-dial; The time being, the present time. [A.S. tíma; cf. Ice. tími; and Tide.]

Timenoguy, tī-men′ō-gī, n. (naut.) a rope stretched so as to prevent gear from getting fouled.

Timid, tim′id, adj. fearful: wanting courage: faint-hearted.—n. Timid′ity, quality or state of being timid: want of courage.—adv. Tim′idly.—n. Tim′idness.—adv. Timorō′so (mus.), timid, hesitating, to be so rendered.—adj. Tim′orous, timid: indicating fear.—adv. Tim′orously.—n. Tim′orousness.—adj. Tim′orsome (Scot.), easily frightened. [Fr.,—L. timidus—timēre, to fear.]

Timocracy, tī-mok′rā-si, n. a form of government in which a certain amount of property is a necessary qualification for office.—adj. Timocrat′ic. [Gr. timokratia—timē, honour, kratein, to rule.]

Timon, tī′mon, n. (obs.) a helm.—n. Timoneer′, a helmsman. [L. temo, a beam.]

Timonist, tī′mon-ist, n. a misanthrope—from Timon of Athens, the hero of Shakespeare's play so named which was based upon the story in Plutarch's Life of Alcibiades, as in North's translation.—v.i. Tī′monise, to play the misanthrope.

Timothy, tim′ō-thi, n. timothy-grass, the name commonly given to Phleum pratense, a grass much valued for feeding cattle—called also Cat's-tail grass or Meadow cat's-tail. [So named from Timothy Hanson, who introduced it to America about 1720.]

Timpano, tim′pa-nō, n. an orchestral kettledrum:—pl. Tim′pani.—Also Tym′pano. [It.]

Tim-whisky, tim′-hwis′ki, n. a kind of light one-horse chaise.

Tin, tin, n. a silvery-white, non-elastic, easily fusible, and malleable metal: (slang) money: a vessel of tin, a can, &c.—adj. made of tin.—v.t. to cover or overlay with tin or tinfoil: to pack in tins:—pr.p. tin′ning; pa.t. and pa.p. tinned.—ns. Tin′man, Tin′ner, a tinsmith; Tin′ning, the art of coating with tin, or of repairing tin-ware: the act of packing in tin cans for preservation.—adj. Tin′ny, like tin.—n. a small vessel of tin.—ns. Tin′-plate, thin sheet-iron coated with tin; Tin′-smith, a manufacturer of tin vessels: a worker in tin: a dealer in tin-ware; Tin′-type, a ferrotype; Tin′-ware, articles made of tin.—ns.pl. Tin′witts, dressed tin ore containing pyrites, &c.; Tin′-works, works for working tin. [A.S. tin; Ice. tin, Ger. zinn.]

Tinamou, tin′a-mōō, n. a South American genus of birds sometimes called partridges, but really more akin to bustards, and having affinities with the rhea and emu. [Fr.,—native name.]

Tincal, Tinkal, ting′kal, n. crude borax. [Malay.]

Tinchel, tin′chel, n. a circle of men who close in round a herd of deer.—Also Tin′chil. [Gael. timchioll, a circuit.]

Tincture, tingk′tūr, n. a tinge or shade of colour: a slight taste added to anything: (med.) a solution of any substance in or by means of spirit of wine: (her.) one of the metals, colours, or furs in achievements.—v.t. to tinge: to imbue: to mix with anything foreign.—adj. Tinct (Spens.), tinged, coloured.—n. (Tenn.) colour, stain, spot.—adj. Tinctō′rial, giving a tinge: colouring. [L. tinctura.]

Tind, tind, v.t. (Spens.) to kindle. [A.S. tendan.]

Tindal, tin′dal, n. a native petty-officer of lascars.

Tinder, tin′dėr, n. anything used for kindling fire from a spark.—n. Tin′der-box, a box in which tinder is kept.—adjs. Tin′der-like (Shak.), inflammable as tinder; Tin′dery, irascible. [A.S. tynder; Ice. tundr, Ger. zunder. The root is found in A.S. tendan, Ger. zünden, to kindle.]

Tine, tīn, n. the spike of a fork or harrow, or of a deer's antler.—adj. Tīned, furnished with spikes. [A.S. tind, a point; cog. with Ice. tind-r, a tooth, a prickle; and prob. conn. with tooth.]

Tine, tīn, v.t. (Spens.) same as Tind.—v.i. (Spens.) to rage, to smart.

Tine, tīn, n. (Spens.). Same as Teen.

Tine, tīn, v.t. (Scot.) to lose.—v.i. to be lost, to perish. [M. E. tinen, tynen—Scand., Ice. týna, to lose.]

Tine, tīn, v.t. and v.i. (prov.) to enclose. [A.S. týnan, to surround.]

Tine, tīn, n. (prov.) a wild vetch or tare.

Tinea, tin′ē-ä, n. the generic name of certain diseases of the skin caused by the growth of microscopic fungi: a genus of small moths of the family Tineidæ and superfamily Tineina.—adj. Tin′ēid, relating to these moths. [L., a worm.]

Tinewald=Tynewald (q.v.).

Tinfoil, tin′foil, n. tin in thin leaves for wrapping articles.—v.t. to cover with such.

Ting, ting, v.t. and v.i. to tinkle like a bell.—n. a sharp sound, a tinkling.—n. Ting′-a-ling, the sound of a bell tinkling—used adverbially.

Tinge, tinj, v.t. to tint or colour: to mix with something: to give in some degree the qualities of a substance.—n. a small amount of colour or taste infused into another substance. [L. tingĕre, tinctum; conn. with Gr. tenggein, to wet, to stain.]

Tingi, ting′gi, n. a Brazilian tree whose seeds yield soap.—Also Tin′guy.

Tingis, tin′jis, n. a genus of heteropterous insects.

Tingle, ting′gl, v.i. to feel a thrilling sensation, as in hearing a shrill sound: to feel a sharp, thrilling pain: to tinkle.—v.t. to cause to tingle, to ring.—n. a tingling sensation.—adj. Ting′lish, capable of tingling or thrilling. [M. E. tinglen, a variant of tinklen, itself a freq. of tinken, to tink.]

Tinker, tingk′ėr, n. a mender of brazen or tin kettles, pans, &c.—(Scot.) Tink′ler: the act of doing tinker's work: a botcher or bungler: a botch or bungle: a young mackerel.—v.t. to repair, esp. unskilfully.—v.i. to do tinker's work: to make a botch or mess of anything. [M. E. tinkere—tinken, to tink, to make a sharp, shrill sound; cf. Scot. tinkler, a worker in tin.]

Tinkle, tingk′l, v.i. to make small, sharp sounds: to clink: to jingle: to clink repeatedly or continuously.—v.t. to cause to make quick, sharp sounds.—n. a sharp, clinking sound.—ns. Tink′ler, a small bell; Tink′ling, a tinkling noise. [A freq. of M. E. tinken.]

Tinnitus, ti-nī′tus, n. a ringing in the ears. [L. 'a ringing'—tinnīre, to ring.]

Tinsel, tin′sel, n. something sparkling or shining: glittering metallic sheets, as of burnished brass, copper, or tin, almost as thin as foil, and used in discs, patches, strips, or threads, for giving clothing, &c., a striking appearance: anything showy, but of little value: anything having a false lustre.—adj. like tinsel: gaudy: superficial.—v.t. to adorn with, or as with, tinsel: to make glittering or gaudy:—pr.p. tin′selling: pa.t. and pa.p. tin′selled.—adj. Tin′selly, like tinsel, gaudy, showy.—n. Tin′selry, glittering and tawdry material. [O. Fr. estincelle—L. scintilla, a spark.]

Tint, tint, n. a slight tinge distinct from the principal colour: a series of parallel lines in engraving, producing a uniform shading.—v.t. to give a slight colouring to.—ns. Tin′tage, the colouring or shading of anything; Tint′-block, a surface prepared for printing a background; Tint′-draw′ing, drawing in a wash of uniform tint; Tin′ter, one who, or that which, tints: a special kind of slide used with the magic-lantern to give moonlight effects, &c.; Tin′tiness, state of being tinty; Tin′ting, the method of producing a uniform shading.—adj. Tint′less, having no tint or colour.—ns. Tintom′eter, an appliance for determining tints; Tint′-tool, an implement for producing a tint by parallel lines.—adj. Tin′ty, inharmoniously tinted. [L. tinctus.]

Tintinnabulation, tin-tin-ab-ū-lā′shun, n. the tinkling sound of bells.—adjs. Tintinnab′ulant, Tintinnab′ular, Tintinnab′ulary, Tintinnab′ulous.—n. Tintinnab′ulum, a bell:—pl. Tintinnab′ula. [L. tintinnabulum, a bell:—tintinnāre, to jingle, reduplicated from tinnīre, to jingle.]

Tiny, tī′ni, adj. (comp. Tī′nier, superl. Tī′niest) thin: very small. [Prob. teen, and therefore 'fretful,' 'peevish.']

Tip, tip, n. the top or point of anything small: the end, as of a billiard-cue, &c.—v.t. to form a point to: to cover the tip or end of:—pr.p. tip′ping; pa.t. and pa.p. tipped.—On the tip of the tongue, on the very point of being spoken. [A variant of top; cf. Dut. tip; Ger. zipf-el, point.]

Tip, tip, v.t. to strike lightly: to cause to slant: (slang) to communicate, give: (slang) to give private information to, about betting, &c.: (coll.) to give a small gift of money to, as a gratuity.—v.i. to slant: to give tips.—n. a tap or light stroke: a place for tipping any refuse into, a dump: a tram for expeditiously transferring coal: private information about horse-racing, stock speculations, &c.: a gratuity.—ns. Tip′-cart, a cart emptied by being canted up; Tip′-cat, a game in which a pointed piece of wood called a cat is made to rebound from the ground by being struck on the tip with a stick; Tip′-cheese, a boys' game in which a small stick is struck forward; Tip′per, a means of tipping, esp. an arrangement for dumping coal: one who tips: one who gives gratuities: one who gives private hints about speculation, racing, &c.; Tip′ping, act of tilting: the habit of giving gratuities to servants; Tip′ster, one whose business is to give private hints about racing, the rise and fall of stocks, &c.—adj. Tip′-tilt′ed, having the tip tilted up.—Tip off liquor, to turn up the vessel till quite empty; Tip one the wink, to wink as a caution, or in mutual understanding; Tip over, to overturn by tipping; Tip the scale, to depress one end of the scales.—Foul tip, a foul hit in baseball; Straight tip, a reliable hint about betting, &c. [Scand., Sw. tippa, to tap; Ger. tupfen.]

Tipper, tip′ėr, n. a kind of ale—from Thomas Tipper, who brewed it in Sussex.

Tippet, tip′et, n. the cape of a coat: a cape of fur, &c.: the stuff cape worn in the English Church by a literate or non-graduate: a bird's ruffle: one of the patagia, or pieces at the side of the pronotum of a moth.—ns. Tipp′et-grebe, -grouse, a ruffed grebe or grouse. [A.S. tæppet—L. tapete, cloth.]

Tipple, tip′l, v.i. to drink in small quantities: to drink strong liquors often or habitually.—v.t. to drink, as strong liquors, to excess.—n. liquor tippled.—ns. Tipp′ler, a constant toper; Tipp′ling-house.—adj. Tipp′y, unsteady: smart, fine. [A freq. of tip, to tilt up a vessel in drinking; Norw. tipla; Ger. zipfeln.]

Tipstaff, tip′staf, n. a staff tipped with metal, or an officer who carries it: a constable.

Tipsy, tip′si, adj. partially intoxicated.—v.t. Tip′sify, to fuddle.—adv. Tip′sily.—ns. Tip′siness; Tip′sy-cake, a cake made of pastry and almonds, with wine, served with custard-sauce; Tip′sy-key, a watch-key in which the head is released if an attempt is made to turn it backward. [Tipple.]

Tiptoe, tip′tō, n. the end of the toe.—adv. on tiptoe, literally or figuratively, through excitement, expectation, &c.—v.i. to walk on tiptoe, to go lightly and slyly.

Tiptop, tip′top, n. the extreme top: the height of excellence.—adj. first-rate.—adv. in a first-rate manner.

Tipula, tip′ū-la, n. a genus of crane-flies.—n. Tipulā′ria, a genus of fossil crane-flies: a genus of terrestrial orchids, including the American crane-fly orchis.—adj. Tipulā′rian. [L., a water-spider.]

Tirade, ti-rād′, n. a strain of censure or reproof; a long vehement reproof. [Fr.,—It. tirata—tirare, to pull.]

Tirailleur, ti-ra-lyėr′, n. a skirmisher, sharpshooter.

Tirasse, ti-ras′, n. a pedal-coupler in organ-building.

Tiraz, tē′raz, n. an ancient Moorish silk fabric.

Tire, tīr, n. attire, apparel: furniture: a head-dress.—v.t. to dress, as the head.—ns. Tire′-val′iant (Shak.), a kind of fanciful head-dress; Tire′-wom′an, a lady's-maid; Tir′ing-house, -room, the place where actors dress. [Short for attire.]

Tire, tīr, n. the hoop of iron that ties or binds the fellies of wheels.—ns. Tire′-meas′urer, -press, -roll′er, -set′ter, -shrink′er, -smith. [From tie.]

Tire, tīr, n. (Spens., Milt.) rank or row, esp. of guns, train. [Same as tier.]

Tire, tīr, v.i. (Shak.) to rend as a bird of prey: to feed: to dwell upon, gloat over:—pr.p. tīr′ing; pa.p. tīred. [O. Fr. tirer, to draw—Low L. tirāre, to draw; prob. Teut., Goth. tairan, to tear.]

Tire, tīr, v.t. to harass, to vex: to exhaust the strength of: to weary.—v.i. to become weary: to be fatigued: to have the patience exhausted.—adj. Tired, wearied: fatigued.—n. Tired′ness.—adj. Tire′less, untiring.—adv. Tire′lessly.—n. Tire′lessness.—adj. Tire′some, that tires: fatiguing: tedious.—adv. Tire′somely.—n. Tire′someness. [A.S. teorian, to be tired—teran, to tear.]

Tirl, tirl, v.i. (Scot.) to quiver, vibrate: to make a twirling noise.—v.t. to twist: to strip, unroof.—n. a twirl, vibration: a substitute for a trundle or lantern wheel in a mill.—n. Tir′lie-whir′lie, a whirligig: an ornamental combination of irregular lines.—adj. irregular, twisting. [A variant of twirl.]

Tiro. See Tyro.

Tirocinium, tī-rō-sin′i-um, n. the first service of a soldier, any novitiate. [L.,—tiro, a raw soldier.]

Tironian, tī-rō′ni-an, adj. pertaining to Tiro, Cicero's amanuensis.—Tironian notes, the shorthand signs of the ancient Romans.

Tirr, tir, v.t. (Scot.) to tear or strip off.

Tirra-lirra, tir′ra-lir′ra, n. (Shak., Tenn.) an imitation of a musical sound.

Tirret, tir′et, n. (her.) a manacle.

Tirrit, tir′it, n. (Shak.) Mrs Quickly's word for terror.

Tirrivee, tir′i-vē, n. (Scot.) a tantrum or fit of passion.—Also Tirr′ivie.

'Tis, tiz, a contraction of it is.

Tisane, tē-zan′, n. a medicinal decoction. See Ptisan.

Tisic, tiz′ik, n. (Shak.) an obsolete spelling of phthisic.

Tisiphone, ti-sif′ō-nē, n. one of the Furies. [Gr. tinein, to avenge, phonos, murder.]

Tisri, tiz′ri, n. the first month of the Jewish civil year, and the seventh of the ecclesiastical year, corresponding to part of September and October.

Tissue, tish′ū, n. cloth interwoven with gold or silver, or with figured colours: (anat.) the substance of which organs are composed: a connected series.—v.t. to form, as tissue: to interweave: to variegate.—n. Tis′sue-pā′per, a thin, soft, semi-transparent kind of paper. [Fr. tissu, woven, pa.p. of tistre—L. texĕre, to weave.]

Tit, tit, n. a teat.

Tit, tit, n. one of various small birds, a pipit, tomtit, or titmouse. [Ice. tittr, a little bird, Norw. tita.]

Tit, tit, n. in phrase Tit for tat, properly tip for tap, blow for blow.

Titan, tī′tan, Titanic, tī-tan′ik, adj. relating to the Titans, giants of mythology, sons and daughters of Uranus (heaven) and Gæa (earth), enormous in size and strength: gigantic, huge generally.—n. Tī′tan, any of the descendants of the Titans, as Prometheus: the sun personified: any one of commanding forces or ability:—fem. Tī′taness.—adj. Titanesque′, like the Titans, Titanic in character.—n. Titanom′achy, the battle of the Titans with the gods.

Titania, tī-tā′ni-a, n. the queen of Fairyland, wife of Oberon. [L., applied to Diana.]

Titanium, tī-tā′ni-um, n. a comparatively rare metal, occurring as a gray heavy iron-like powder, burning with brilliant scintillations in the air, forming titanium dioxide and nitride.—adjs. Titā′nian, Titan′ic, Titanit′ic; Titanif′erous, containing titanium.—n. Tī′tanite, or Sphene, a soft greenish mineral often present in syenite.

Titbit, tit′bit, n. a choice little bit.

Titely, tīt′li, adv. (Shak.) quickly—sometimes Tithe′ly, and erroneously Tightly. [M. E. tytly—Scand., Ice. tídhr, frequent.]

Tithe, tīth, n. a tenth part, hence any indefinitely small part: the tenth of the produce of land and stock allotted for the maintenance of the clergy and other church purposes: any rateable tax payable in kind or by commutation of its value in money.—v.t. to tax to a tenth.—adjs. Tī′thable, subject to the payment of tithes; Tithe′-free, exempt from paying tithes.—n. Tithe′-gath′erer, one who collects tithes.—adj. Tithe′-pay′ing, subjected to pay tithes.—ns. Tithe′-pig, one pig out of ten paid as a tithe; Tithe′-proc′tor, a levier or collector of tithes; Tī′ther, one who collects tithes; Tī′thing, an old Saxon district containing ten householders, each responsible for the behaviour of the rest; Tī′thing-man, the chief man of a tithing. [A.S. teóða, tenth—teón, or týn, ten; cog. with Ger. zehnte—zehn.]

Tithonic, ti-thon′ik, adj. denoting such rays of light as produce chemical effects.—n. Tithonic′ity, actinism.—adj. Tithonograph′ic, fixed by the tithonic rays of light.—n. Tithonom′eter, an instrument for measuring the tithonicity of light-rays.

Titianesque, tish-an-esk′, adj. in the manner of the Venetian painter Titian (Tiziano Vecellio), 1477-1576, a combination of the richest surface with the most magnificent colour.

Titillate, tit′il-lāt, v.t. to tickle.—n. Titillā′tion, act of titillating: state of being titillated: a pleasant feeling.—adj. Tit′illative. [L. titillāre, -ātum.]

Titivate, Tittivate, tit′i-vāt, v.i. and v.t. (slang) to smarten up, by dress or otherwise. [Most prob. a factitious word, perh. based on tidy.]

Titlark, tit′lärk, n. a titling, a pipit. [Tit and lark.]

Title, tī′tl, n. an inscription set over or at the beginning of a thing by which it is known, a title-page: a name of distinction: that which gives a just right to possession: ownership: the writing that proves a right: (B.) a sign: a fixed sphere of work required as a condition for ordination, a parish in Rome—of these fifty give titles to cardinal-priests: in bookbinding, the panel on the back on which the name of the book is printed.—adj. Tī′tled, having a title.—ns. Tī′tle-deed, a deed or document that proves a title or just right to exclusive possession; Tī′tle-leaf, the leaf on which is the title of a book.—adj. Tī′tleless (Shak.), wanting a title or name.—ns. Tī′tle-page, the page of a book containing its title and usually the author's name; Tī′tle-rôle, the part in a play which gives its name to it, as 'Macbeth;' Tī′tle-sheet, the first sheet of a book as printed, containing title, bastard-title, &c.; Tī′tling, the act of impressing the title on the back of a book; Tī′tlonym, a title taken as a pseudonym; Bas′tard-tī′tle (see Bastard). [O. Fr. title (Fr. titre)—L. titulus.]

Titling, tit′ling, n. the hedge-sparrow.—ns. Tit′man, a puny man; Tit′mouse, a genus of little birds, which feed on insects, &c.:—pl. Titmice (tit′mīs). [Obs. Eng. tit, anything small; A.S. máse; Ger. meise, a small bird.]

Titrate, tit′rāt, v.t. to subject to titration.—n. Titrā′tion, volumetric analysis, the process of ascertaining the quantity of any given constituent present in a compound by observing it under the application of standard solutions.

Ti-tree, tē′-trē, n. a palm-lily, a tea-tree or manuka.

Tit-tat-to, tit′-tat-tōō (or -tō), n. a child's game, same as Criss-cross (q.v.).

Titter, tit′ėr, v.i. to giggle, snicker, or laugh with the tongue striking the teeth: to laugh restrainedly.—n. a restrained laugh.—ns. Titterā′tion, a fit of giggling; Titt′erer, one who titters. [M. E. titeren, to tattle. Prob. imit.]

Tittle, tit′l, n. a small particle: an iota.—n. Titt′lebat, the stickleback. [O. Fr. title—titulus, a title.]

Tittle, tit′l, v.t. (Scot.) to chatter.—n. Titt′le-tatt′le, idle, empty talk.—v.i. to prate idly.—ns. Titt′le-tatt′ler, a trifling tattler; Titt′le-tatt′ling, the act of talking idly.

Tittup, Titup, tit′up, v.i. to skip about gaily.—n. a light springy step, a canter.—adjs. Titt′uppy, Tit′uppy, gay, lively: unsteady.

Titty, tit′i, n. a teat, the breast.

Titty, tit′i, n. (Scot.) sister.

Titubant, tit′ū-bant, adj. staggering, stumbling.—v.i. Tit′ūbate, to stagger, stumble.—n. Titubā′tion, reeling, stumbling; restlessness. [L. titubāre, -ātum, to stagger.]

Titular, tit′ū-lar, adj. existing in name or title only: nominal: having the title without the duties of an office.—n. one who enjoys the bare title of an office, without the actual possession of that office: a person invested with a title in virtue of which he holds a benefice, whether he performs its duties or not.—n. Titular′ity.—adv. Tit′ularly.—adj. Tit′ulary, consisting in, or pertaining to, a title.—n. one having the title of an office whether he performs its duties or not.—Titular bishop, in R.C. usage, a bishop without a diocese, taking his title from a place where there is no longer a bishop's see, as in the countries once conquered by Crusaders in the East—before 1882 called 'bishop in partibus infidelium;' Titular church, one of the parish churches of Rome supplying a title to cardinal-priests; Titular of a church, that from which a church takes its special name—distinguished from a patron, who must be a canonised person or an angel; Titulars of the tithes, laymen invested with church lands after the Reformation in Scotland.

Tiver, tiv′ėr, n. a kind of ochre for marking sheep.—v.t. to mark with such.

Tivy, tiv′i, adv. with speed.

Tizzy, tiz′i, n. (slang) a sixpence.

Tmesis, tmē′sis, n. (gram.) the separation of the parts of a compound word by one or more words inserted between them, as 'Saxo cere-comminuit-brum;' 'of whom be thou ware also' (2 Tim. iv. 15). [L.,—Gr. tmēsis—temnein, to cut.]

To, tōō, prep. in the direction of: in order to: as far as; in accordance with, in the character of: regarding, concerning, in connection with: expressing the end or purpose of an action, as in many uses of the gerundial infinitive, the sign of the infinitive mood: (B.) sometimes=for.—adv. to a place in view, forward: to its place, together.—To and fro, backwards and forwards. [A.S. tó; Ger. zu, Goth. du.]

Toad, tōd, n. a genus of amphibians, typical of the family Bufonidæ, represented in Britain by two species—the Common Toad and the Natterjack.—ns. Toad′-eat′er, a fawning sycophant—originally a mountebank's assistant, whose duty was to swallow, or pretend to swallow, any kind of garbage; Toad′-eat′ing, sycophancy.—adj. sycophantic.—ns. Toad′-fish, the sapo of the United States Atlantic coast; Toad′-flax, a genus of herbaceous plants, closely allied to the Snapdragon; Toad′-in-a-hole, a piece of beef baked in batter; Toad′-spit, cuckoo-spit.—adj. Toad′-spot′ted, thickly stained or spotted like a toad.—ns. Toad′-stone, a soft and earthy variety of trap-rock of a brownish-gray colour, looking like an argillaceous deposit; Toad′stool, a poisonous kind of mushroom; Toad′y, a mean hanger-on and flatterer.—v.t. to fawn as a sycophant:—pa.t. and pa.p. toad′ied.—adj. Toad′yish.—n. Toad′yism, the practice of a toady. [A.S. tádige, tádie, a toad.]

Toast, tōst, v.t. to dry and scorch at the fire: to name when a health is drunk: to drink to the health of.—v.i. to drink toasts.—n. bread toasted: a slice of such dipped in liquor: the person or thing named whose health is to be drunk.—ns. Toast′er, one who, or that which, toasts; Toast′ing-fork, -ī′ron, a long-handled fork for toasting bread: a sword; Toast′-mas′ter, the master and announcer of toasts at public dinners; Toast′-rack, a stand, with partitions for slices of toast, for setting on the table. [O. Fr. toster—L. tostus, roasted, pa.p. of torrēre.]

Tobacco, to-bak′ō, n. a plant of genus Nicotiana, order Solanaceæ, esp. one of several species, the most generally cultivated being the stately Nicotiana Tabacum, a native of America—the dried leaves used for the sedative effects for smoking in pipes, &c., and also in the form of snuff.—ns. Tobaccanā′lian, a smoker; Tobacc′o-heart, a functional disorder of the heart, due to excessive use of tobacco; Tobacc′onist, one who sells or manufactures tobacco; Tobacc′o-pipe, a pipe used for smoking tobacco; Tobacc′o-pouch, a small pouch for holding tobacco; Tobacc′o-stop′per, an instrument for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe. [Through Sp. tabaco, from the Haytian.]

Tobit, tō′bit, n. an apocryphal Old Testament book, containing the story of Tobit.

Toboggan, tō-bog′gan, n. a kind of sled turned up at the front, much used in Canada for sliding down snow-covered slopes.—v.i. to slide down over snow on such.—Earlier also Tobog′gin, Tabog′gan, Tarbog′gin.—ns. Tobog′ganer; Tobog′ganing; Tobog′ganist. [A native word.]

To-brake, tōō-brāk′, v.t. (Judges ix. 53) broke in pieces. [A.S. tóbrecan—pfx. tó-, asunder, and brecan, to break.]

Toby, tō′bi, n. a beer-mug shaped like an old man with three-cornered hat.

Toccata, tok-kä′tä, n. (mus.) a work primarily intended to display the performer's touch.—ns. Toccatel′la, Toccatina (-tē′na), a short toccata. [It.,—toccare, to touch.]

Tocher, toh′ėr, n. (Scot.) a woman's dowry.—v.t. to give a dowry to.—adj. Toch′erless, without a marriage portion. [Ir. tochar, Gael. tochradh.]

Toco, tō′kō, n. (slang) punishment.—Also Tō′ko. [Gr. tokos, interest.]

Tocology, tō-kol′ō-ji, n. obstetrics.—Also Tokol′ogy. [Gr. tokos, birth, logia—legein, to speak.]

Tocsin, tok′sin, n. an alarm-bell, or the ringing of it. [O. Fr. toquesin (Fr. tocsin)—toquer, to strike; O. Fr. sing (Fr. signe), a sign.]

Tod, tod, n. (Scot.), a fox.—n. Todlow′rie, a fox, a crafty fellow.

Tod, tod, n. an ivy-bush—(Spens.) Todde: an old weight of about 28 lb.—v.i. to weigh a tod.

To-day, too-dā′, n. this or the present day. [A.S. tó dæge.]

Toddle, tod′l, v.i. to walk with short feeble steps, as a child.—n. a toddling gait: an aimless stroll.—n. Todd′ler, one who toddles.—adj. Todd′ling. [Prob. a by-form of totter.]

Toddy, tod′i, n. the fermented juice of various palms of the East Indies: a mixture of whisky, sugar, and hot water.—ns. Todd′y-lā′dle, a small ladle like a punch-ladle for use in mixing or serving out toddy; Todd′y-palm, a palm yielding toddy, as the jaggery-palm; Todd′y-stick, a small stick used in mixing toddy. [Hind. tāri—tār, a palm-tree.]

To-do, tōō-dōō′, n. bustle: stir: commotion.

Tody, tō′di, n. a small West Indian insectivorous bird—the green sparrow, green humming-bird, &c.

Toe, tō, n. one of the five small members at the point of the foot: the corresponding member of a beast's foot: the front of an animal's hoof.—v.t. to touch or reach with the toes: to furnish with a toe, as a stocking.—v.i. to place the toes in any particular way.—n. Toe′-cap, a cap of leather, &c., covering the toe of a shoe.—adj. Toed (tōd), having toes.—ns. Toe′-nail; Toe′-piece. [A.S. tá (pl. tán); Ice. tá, Ger. zehe.]

Toff, tof, n. (slang) a dandy, a swell. [Ety. dub.]

Toffee, Toffy, tof′i, n. a hard-baked sweetmeat, made of sugar and butter.—Also Taff′y. [Ety. unknown.]

Tofore, tōō-fōr′, adv., prep. (Shak.) before: formerly. [A.S. tóforan.]

Toft, toft, n. a hillock: a messuage with right of common.—ns. Toft′man; Toft′stead. [Ice.]

Tog, tog, n. (slang) a garment—generally in pl.—v.t. to dress.—n. Tog′gery, clothes.—n.pl. Long′-togs (naut.), shore clothes. [Prob. through Fr. from L. toga, a robe.]

Toga, tō′ga, n. the mantle or outer garment of a Roman citizen.—adjs. Togā′ted, Tō′ged, dressed in a toga or gown.—n. Toge (Shak.), a robe.—Toga prætexta, the purple-hemmed toga worn by curule magistrates and censors, and by freeborn boys till fourteen; Toga virilis, the garb of manhood, put on by boys at fourteen. [L.,—tegĕre, to cover.]

Together, tōō-geth′ėr, adv. gathered to one place: in the same place, time, or company: in or into union: in concert. [A.S. tógædere—tó, to, geador, together.]

Toggle, tog′l, n. (naut.) a short bar of wood, tapering from the middle towards each end, placed in an eye at the end of a rope, to keep the end from passing through a loop or knot: an appliance for transmitting force at right angles to its direction.—v.t. to fix like a toggle-iron: to fix fast.—ns. Togg′le-ī′ron, a whaler's harpoon with movable blade instead of barbs; Togg′le-joint, an elbow or knee joint. [Conn. with tug and tow.]

Togue, tōg, n. the mackinaw or great lake-trout.

Toho, tō-hō′, interj. a call to pointers to stop.

Tohu bohu, tō′hōō bō′hōō, n. chaos. [From the Heb. words in Gen. i. 2, 'without form' and 'void.']

Toil, toil, n. a net or snare. [O. Fr. toile, cloth—L. tela, from texĕre, to weave.]

Toil, toil, v.i. to labour: to work with fatigue.—n. labour, esp. of a fatiguing kind.—n. Toil′er.—adjs. Toil′ful, Toil′some, full of fatigue: wearisome; Toil′less.—adv. Toil′somely.—n. Toil′someness.—adj. Toil′-worn, worn out with toil. [O. Fr. touiller, to entangle; of dubious origin—prob., acc. to Skeat, from a freq. form of Old High Ger. zucchen (Ger. zucken), to twitch; cf. Old High Ger. zocchón, to pull, zogón, to tear; all derivatives from Old High Ger. zíhan (Ger. ziehen), to pull.]

Toile, twol, n. cloth.—n. Toilinet′, -te′, a fabric with silk and cotton chain and woollen filling: a kind of German quilting. [Fr.]

Toilet, Toilette, toil′et, n. a dressing-table with a mirror: also a cover for such a table: the whole articles used in dressing: mode or operation of dressing: the whole dress and appearance of a person, any particular costume.—ns. Toil′et-cloth, -cov′er, a cover for a dressing-table.—adj. Toil′eted, dressed.—ns. Toil′et-glass, a mirror set on the dressing-table; Toil′et-set, -serv′ice, the utensils collectively used in dressing; Toil′et-soap, a fine kind of soap made up in cakes; Toil′et-tā′ble, a dressing-table.—Make one's toilet, to dress. [Fr. toilette, dim. of toile, cloth; cf. Toil (1).]

Toise, toiz, n. an old French lineal measure=6.395 Eng. feet. [Fr.,—L. tendĕre, tensum, to stretch.]

Toison, toi′zon, n. the fleece of a sheep.—Toison d'or, the golden fleece. [Fr.,—Low L. tonsion-em—L. tondēre, to shear.]

Toit, toit, n. (prov.) a cushion.

Tokay, tō-kā′, n. a sweetish and heavy wine with an aromatic flavour, produced at Tokay in Hungary: a variety of grape.

Token, tō′kn, n. a mark: something representing another thing or event: a sign: a memorial of friendship: a coin issued by a private person or civic authority redeemable in current money: in old Presbyterian use, a voucher of lead or tin, inscribed with the name of the church or parish, admitting a qualified communicant to the celebration of the Lord's Supper: a measure of press-work, 250 impressions on one form: a thin bed of coal showing the vicinity of a thicker seam.—v.t. (obs.) to set a mark upon.—By the same token, further in corroboration; More by token (see More). [A.S. tácen; Ger. zeichen, a mark.]

Tola, tō′la, n. the Indian unit of weight=180 grains troy. [Hind.]

Told, tōld, pa.t. and pa.p. of tell.

Tole, Toll, tōl, v.t. to draw as with a lure, to attract, entice.—ns. Tō′ling, Tō′lling, the use of toll-bait to allure fish: a method of decoying ducks. [See Toll (1).]

Toledo, tō-lē′dō, n. a sword-blade made at Toledo in Spain.—adj. Tol′letan, of Toledo. [L. Toletum.]

Tolerable, tol′ėr-a-bl, adj. that may be tolerated or endured: moderately good or agreeable: not contemptible.—ns. Tolerabil′ity, Tol′erableness.—adv. Tol′erably.—n. Tol′erance, the tolerating or enduring of offensive persons or opinions, charity, patience, indulgence.—adj. Tol′erant, tolerating: enduring: indulgent: favouring toleration.—adv. Tol′erantly.—v.t. Tol′erāte, to bear: to endure: to allow by not hindering.—ns. Tolerā′tion, act of tolerating: allowance of what is not approved: liberty given to a minority to hold and express their own political or religious opinions, and to be admitted to the same civil privileges as the majority; Tolerā′tionist; Tol′erator. [L. tolerāre, -ātum, from tollĕre, to lift up.]

Toll, tōl, n. a tax for the liberty of passing over a bridge or road, selling goods in a market, &c.: a portion of grain taken by a miller for grinding.—v.t. (Shak.) to exact as a tribute.—adj. Toll′able, subject to toll.—ns. Toll′age, payment of toll: the amount paid as toll; Toll′bar, a movable bar across a road, &c., to stop passengers liable to toll; Toll′booth, a booth where tolls are collected; Toll′bridge, a bridge where toll is taken; Toll′dish, a dish for measuring the toll in mills; Toll′er, Toll′-gath′erer; Toll′gate, a gate where toll is taken; Toll′house, the house of a toll-gatherer; Toll′man, the man who collects toll: a toll-gatherer; Tol′sey (obs.), a tollbooth: an exchange. [A.S. tol, toll; cf. Dut. tol, Ger. zoll; and tell, to count.]

Toll, tōl, v.i. to sound, as a large bell, esp. with a measured sound, as a funeral bell.—v.t. to cause to sound, as a bell: to strike, or signal by striking.—n. the sound of a bell when tolling.—n. Toll′er. [M. E. tollen, to pull—A.S. tyllan, in for-tyllan, to allure.]

Toll, tōl, v.t. (law) to take, annul. [L. tollĕre, to take away.]

Tol-lol, tol-lol′, adj. (slang) pretty good.—adj. Tol-lol′ish, tolerable.

Tolt, tōlt, n. an old English writ removing a court-baron cause to a county-court. [O. Fr. tolte—Low L. tolta—L. tollĕre, to take away.]

Toltec, tol′tek, n. a member of the earlier race who occupied Mexico, their power passing later into the hands of the Aztecs.—adj. Tol′tecan.

Tolter, tol′tėr, v.i. (prov.) to flounder about.

Tolu, tō′lū, n. Tolu balsam, yielded by Myroxylon Toluifera, a native of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Brazil, employed in medicine and perfumery.—n. Tol′ūēne, methyl benzene.—adj. Tol′ūic. [From Santiago de Tolu in Columbia.]

Tom, tom, n. a dim. of Thomas—used generically for man in 'tomfool,' &c.: a male, esp. a male cat: (prov.) a close-stool.—ns. Tom′-and-Jer′ry, a drink of hot rum and eggs, spiced and sweetened; Tom′-trot, a toffee made with treacle, sugar, and butter.—Tom, Dick, and Harry, any persons taken at random.—Long Tom, a long gun, as distinguished from a carronade, a gun carried amidships on a swivel-carriage.

Tomahawk, tom′a-hawk, n. a light war-hatchet of the North American Indians, either wielded or thrown.—v.t. to cut or kill with a tomahawk. [The Indian name.]

Tomalley, to-mal′i, n. the so-called liver of the lobster.—Also Tomall′y. [Prob. tourmalin, from the greenish colour.]

Toman, tō-män′, n. a Persian gold coin worth 7s. 2d.—Also Tomaun′. [Pers.]

Tomato, tō-mä′tō, or tō-mā′tō, n. the pulpy edible fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family (Solanaceæ), or the plant itself, native to South America, but now much cultivated in Europe—earlier called the 'love-apple':—pl. Toma′toes. [Sp. tomate—Mex. tomate.]

Tomb, tōōm, n. a pit or vault in the earth, in which a dead body is placed: a tombstone.—adjs. Tomb′ic; Tomb′less, without a tomb.—n. Tomb′stone, a stone erected over a tomb to preserve the memory of the dead. [Fr. tombe—L. tumba—Gr. tymbos.]

Tombac, tom′bak, n. a name given to an alloy of copper and zinc like Prince's metal, or to an alloy of copper and arsenic.—Also Tom′bak. [Malay tāmbaga, copper.]

Tomboc, tom′bok, n. a Javanese long-handled weapon.

Tombola, tom′bō-la, n. a kind of lottery game played in France and the southern United States. [It.,—tombolare, to tumble.]

Tomboy, tom′boi, n. a wild romping girl, a hoyden: (Shak.) a strumpet. [Tom and boy.]

Tomcat, tom′kat, n. a full-grown male cat. [Tom.]

Tome, tōm, n. part of a book: a volume of a large work: a book. [Fr.,—L. tomus—Gr. tomos—temnein, to cut.]

Tomentum, tō-men′tum, n. (bot.) a species of pubescence.—adjs. Tomen′tose, Tomen′tous. [L.]

Tomfool, tom′fōōl, n. a great fool: a trifling fellow.—v.i. to act foolishly.—n. Tomfool′ery, foolish trifling or jesting: buffoonery.—adj. Tom′foolish. [Tom.]

Tomium, tō′mi-um, n. the cutting edge of a bird's bill.—adj. Tō′mial. [Gr. tomos, temnein, to cut.]

Tommy, tom′i, n. a penny roll, bread, provisions: the system of giving food as part wages.—v.t. to oppress by the tommy or truck-system.—ns. Tomm′y-shop, a truck-shop; Tom′-nod′dy, the puffin or sea-parrot: a fool.—Tommy Atkins, or Tomm′y, a generic name for the English private soldier.—Soft tommy, soft bread, as opposed to hard tack or sea-biscuit.

To-morrow, tōō-mor′ō, n. the morrow after this.—adv. on the morrow. [A.S. tó morgen.]

Tompion, tom′pi-on, n. the inking-pad of the lithographic printer.—Also Tom′pon. [Tampion.]

Tompion, tom′pi-on, n. (obs.) a watch.

Tomtit, tom′tit, n. the titmouse. [Tom, a common name like Jack, and tit, as in titmouse.]

Tom-tom, tom′-tom, n. the drum used in India by musicians, jugglers, &c.: a gong.—v.i. Tam′-tam, to beat on a tom-tom.

Tomundar, to-mun′-dar, n. the head chief of a Baluchi tribe.

Ton, tun, n. a measure of capacity, varying with the substance measured—timber, wheat, gravel, lime, coke, &c.—in the carrying capacity of ships, 40 cubic feet: a measure of weight, equal to 20 cwt. or 2240 lb. avoirdupois. [A.S. tunne, a vat, tub; Ger. tonne, cask.]

Ton, ton, n. fashion, style.—adj. Ton′ish, stylish.—adv. Ton′ishly.

Tonalite, tō′nal-īt, n. an igneous rock having a granitic structure, and composed essentially of plagioclase, biolite, and quartzite.

To-name, tōō′-nām, n. a byname, nickname, or name in addition to Christian name and surname.

Tone, tōn, n. the character of a sound: quality of the voice: harmony of the colours of a painting, also its characteristic or prevailing effect as due to the management of chiaroscuro and to the effect of light upon the quality of colour: (phot.) the shade or colour of a finished positive picture: (gram.) syllabic stress, special accent given to a syllable: character or style: state of mind: mood: a healthy state of the body.—v.t. to utter with an affected tone: to intone, to utter in a drawling way: to give tone or quality to, in respect either of sound or colour: to alter or modify the colour.—adj. Tō′nal.—n. Tonal′ity.—adjs. Toned, having a tone (in compounds); Tone′less.—Tone down, to give a lower tone to, to moderate, to soften, to harmonise the colours of as to light and shade, as a painting. [L. tonus—Gr. tonos, a sound—teinō, to stretch.]

Tong, tung, n. (Spens.) the tongue of a buckle.

Tonga, tong′ga, n. a light two-wheeled cart for four, in use in Burma.

Tonga-bean, tong′ga-bēn, n. Same as Tonka-bean.

Tongs, tongz, n.pl. a domestic instrument, consisting of two jointed pieces or shafts of metal, used for lifting. [A.S. tange; Ice. töng, Ger. zange.]

Tongue, tung, n. the fleshy organ in the mouth, used in tasting, swallowing, and speech: power of speech: manner of speaking: speech: discourse: a language: anything like a tongue in shape: the catch of a buckle: the pointer of a balance: a point of land.—adjs. Tongued, having a tongue.; Tongue′less, having no tongue.—n. Tongue′let, a little tongue.—p.adj. Tongue′-shaped, shaped like a tongue: (bot.) linear and fleshy and blunt at the point, as a leaf.—n. Tongue′ster, a babbler.—adjs. Tongue′-tied, -tacked, having an impediment, as if the tongue were tied: unable to speak freely.—n. Tongue′-work, babble, chatter.—Hold one's tongue (see Hold). [A.S. tunge; Ice. tunga, Ger. zunge, the tongue; L. lingua (old form dingua).]

Tonic, ton′ik, adj. relating to tones or sounds: (med.) giving tone and vigour to the system: giving or increasing strength.—n. a medicine which gives tone and vigour to the system.—n. Tonic′ity, the healthy state of muscular fibres when at rest.—Tonic spasm (see Spasm).

Tonic solfa, ton′ik sōl-fä′, n. a modern system of musical notation, in which the notes are indicated by letters, and time and accent by dashes and colons.

To-night, tōō-nīt′, n. this night: the night after the present day.

Tonite, tō′nīt, n. an explosive made from pulverised gun-cotton.

Tonka-bean, tong′ka-bēn, n. the seed of a large tree of Guiana, used for flavouring snuff.—Also Ton′quin-bean.

Tonnage, tun′āj, n. in regard to ships, a measure both of cubical capacity and of dead-weight carrying capability—the freight ton simply means 40 cubic feet of space available for cargo, and is therefore two-fifths of a register ton: a duty on ships, estimated per ton.—Also Tun′nage.

Tonsil, ton′sil, n. one of two glands at the root of the tongue, so named from its shape.—n. Tonsilī′tis, inflammation of the tonsils.—adjs. Ton′sillar, Ton′silar, Tonsilit′ic. [L. tonsilla, a stake, a tonsil, dim. of tonsa, an oar.]

Tonsile, ton′sil, adj. that may be clipped.—n. Ton′sor, a barber.—adj. Tonsō′rial, pertaining to a barber or to shaving. [L. tonsilis—tondēre, tonsum, to clip.]

Tonsure, ton′shōōr, n. act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the head: a religious observance of the R.C. and Eastern Churches, which consists in shaving or cutting part of the hair of the head as a sign of the dedication of the person to the special service of God, and commonly to the public ministry of religion.—adj. Ton′sured, having the crown of the head shaven as a priest: shaven: bald. [L. tonsura, a shearing—tondēre.]

Tontine, ton-tēn′, n. a kind of life-annuity, increasing as the subscribers die: a loan raised with the benefit of survivorship—also adj.—n. Tontin′er. [From Lorenzo Tonti, a Neapolitan, its inventor.]

Tony, tō′ni, n. a simpleton. [Antony.]

Tony, tō′ni, adj. (U.S.) genteel, high-toned.

Too, tōō, adv. over: more than enough: extremely: likewise.—adj. Too-too, quite too: extreme, superlative: (slang) extravagantly and affectedly sentimental, gushing. [A form of to, sig. lit. 'added to.']

Tooart, tōō′art, n. a eucalyptus of south-western Australia, with remarkably heavy and durable wood.—Also Tu′art, Tew′art.

Took, tōōk, pa.t. and obsolete pa.p. of take.

Tool, tōōl, n. an instrument used by workmen: one who acts as the mere instrument of another.—v.t. to mark with a tool, esp. to ornament or imprint designs upon, of bookbinders: (slang) to drive, as a coach or other vehicle: to carry in a vehicle.—v.i. to travel in a vehicle, to drive.—n. Tool′ing, workmanship done with a tool. [A.S. tól, tohl; perh. from the root of tow.]

Tooley Street, tōōl′i strēt, n. a street in Southwark, at the foot of London Bridge, famous through Canning's story of its three tailors who began their petition to parliament with 'We, the people of England.'

Toom, tōōm, adj. empty.—n. a dumping-ground for rubbish. [Ice. tómr, empty.]

Toon, tōōn, n. a large tree of the bead-tree family, with red wood and astringent bark.—Also East Indian mahogany, Indian cedar.

Toot, tōōt, v.i. to pry or peep about: (obs.) to be prominent.—n. Toot′er, anything projecting. [A.S. totian, to elevate.]

Toot, tōōt, v.i. to make short unmusical sounds on a flute or horn.—v.t. to blow, as a horn, &c.—n. a sound, as of a horn, a blast: (U.S.) a spree.—n. Toot′er, one who toots, or that upon which he toots. [Old Dut. tuyten; cf. Ice. thjóta, to resound, A.S. theótan, to howl.]

Toot, tōōt, n. (slang) an idle worthless creature: the devil.

Tooth, tōōth, n. one of the hard bodies in the mouth, attached to the skeleton, but not forming part of it, developed from the dermis or true skin, their function primarily the mastication of the food: the taste or palate, relish: anything tooth-like: a prong: one of the projections on a saw or wheel:—pl. Teeth.—v.t. to furnish with teeth: to cut into teeth.—ns. Tooth′ache, an ache or pain in a tooth; Tooth′-brush, a brush for cleaning the teeth; Tooth′-draw′er (Shak.), one whose business is to extract teeth with instruments, a dentist; Tooth′-draw′ing, the act of extracting a tooth: the practice of extracting teeth.—adjs. Toothed, having teeth: (bot.) having tooth-like projections on the edge, as a leaf; Tooth′ful, full of teeth.—n. a small drink of spirits, &c.—adj. Tooth′less, having no teeth.—ns. Tooth′-ornament, a Romanesque and Early Pointed moulding, consisting of a square four-leaved flower pointed in the centre; Tooth′pick, an instrument for picking out anything in the teeth; Tooth′-pow′der, a powder used with a tooth-brush for cleaning the teeth.—adj. Tooth′some, pleasant to the taste.—ns. Tooth′someness; Tooth′-wash, a liquid preparation for cleansing the teeth; Tooth′wort, a name for Lathræa squamaria, one of the insectivorous plants, as well as for Dentaria bulbifera, one of the Cruciferæ, common in England, also known as 'coral-wort' and 'tooth-violet.'—adj. Tooth′y, having teeth: toothsome: biting.—Tooth and nail, with all possible vigour and fury.—A sweet tooth, a relish for sweet things; In spite of one's teeth, In the teeth of, in defiance of opposition; Show one's teeth, to threaten, to show one's anger and power to injure; Throw, Cast, in one's teeth, to fling at one, as a taunt, or in challenge; To the teeth (Shak.), in open opposition or defiance. [A.S. tóth (pl. téth, also tóthas); cog. with Goth. tunthus, L. dens, dent-is, Gr. o-dous, o-dont-os, Sans. danta.]

Tootle, tōōt′l, v.i. to make a series of feeble sounds, as a poor player on the flute. [Freq. of toot.]

Top, top, n. the highest part of anything: the upper end or surface: the upper part of a plant: the crown of the head: the highest place, rank, or crown, consummation: the chief or highest person: (naut.) a small platform at the head of the lower mast: the end-piece of a jointed fishing-rod: the same as top-boot, esp. in pl.—adj. highest, foremost, chief: good, capital.—v.t. to cover on the top: to tip: to rise above: to surpass: to rise to the top of: to take off the top of: to hit a golf ball above its centre.—v.i. to be eminent:—pr.p. top′ping; pa.t. and pa.p. topped.—adj. Top′-boot′ed, wearing top-boots.—n.pl. Top′-boots, long-legged boots with an ornamental band of bright-coloured leather round the top.—ns. Top′coat, a coat worn outside one's other clothes: Top′-drain′ing, the act or practice of draining the surface of land.—v.t. Top′-dress, to spread manure on the surface of.—n. Top′-dress′ing, a dressing of manure laid on the surface of land: (fig.) any superficial covering.—adjs. Top′full (Shak.), full to the top or brim; Top′gallant, applied to the mast and sail next above the topmast and topsail and below the royal-mast.—n. Top′-hamp′er, unnecessary weight on a ship's upper-deck.—adj. Top′-heav′y, having the upper part too heavy for the lower: tipsy.—n. Top′-knot, a crest or knot of feathers upon the head of a bird: a knot of ribbons worn by women on the top of the head: the popular name of some small fishes of the same genus as the turbot and brill.—adjs. Top′-knotted; Top′less (Shak.), supreme, without superior; Top′loftical, Top′lofty, having a high top, pompous, bombastic.—ns. Top′loftiness; Top′man, a man stationed in one of the tops: a top-sawyer; Top′mast, the second mast, or that immediately above the lower mast.—adj. Top′most, next the top: highest.—ns. Top′per, one who, or that which, excels; Top′ping, the act of one who tops, that which tops: (pl.) that cut off in topping.—adj. surpassing, pre-eminent: arrogant.—adv. Top′pingly.—adj. Top′-proud (Shak.), proud in the highest degree.—ns. Topsail (top′sāl, or -sl), a sail across the topmast; Top′-saw′yer, the upper sawyer in a sawpit: (coll.) a superior, a person of importance; Top′-side, the upper part; Tops′man, a head-drover, a foreman; Top′-soil, the upper part or surface of the soil; Top′-soil′ing, removal of the top-soil; Top′-stone, a stone placed on the top, or which forms the top. [A.S. top; Ger. zopf.]

Top, top, n. a child's toy, shaped like a pear, and set or kept whirling round by means of a string or a whip. [Prob. Old Dut. top, toppe, dop, doppe; Mid. High Ger. topf, tupfen, a pot.]

Toparch, tō′pärk, n. the ruler or principal man in a place: the governor of a toparchy.—n. Tō′parchy, a small state or government consisting of only a few cities: command in a small state or subdivision of a country. [Gr. toparchēs—topos, a place, archein, to rule—archē, beginning.]

Topaz, tō′paz, n. a mineral, ranked among gems, found generally in primitive rocks, colourless, light blue or green, rose-pink, orange or straw-yellow, in great variety of shades, the most prized generally from Brazil.—adj. Tō′pazine.—n. Topaz′olite, a garnet resembling a topaz. [O. Fr. topase, topaze—Gr. topazion, also topazos.]

Topaza, tō-pā′za, n. a genus of humming-birds.

Tope, tōp, v.i. to drink hard or to excess: to tipple:—pr.p. tō′ping; pa.p. tōped.—n. Tō′per, a drunkard. [From tope, an obs. verb 'to drink hard,' from the phrase to top off, sig. 'to drink off at one draught.']

Tope, tōp, n. a Buddhist tumulus for the preservation of relics, of more or less solid masonry, in which the relics are deposited—the oldest spherical, others having polygonal bases, originally crowned with an umbrella-shaped finial, and surrounded by a carved stone railing with elaborately carved gateway. [Corr. from Sans. stūpa, a heap.]

Tope, tōp, n. a small species of British shark—the Miller's dog and Penny dog.

Tophet, tō′fet, n. a place at the south-east corner of Gehenna, or vale of Hinnom, to the south of Jerusalem, once the scene of idolatrous rites, later the common lay-stall of the city, in which fires were kept burning: the future place of torment for the damned. [Heb. tōpheth.]

Tophus, tō′fus, n. a gouty deposit:—pl. Tō′phī.—adj. Tophā′ceous. [L., 'sandstone.']

Topia, tō′pi-a, n. a kind of mural decoration common in old Roman houses.—adj. Tō′piāry, clipped into ornamental shapes, of trees and shrubs—also Tōpiā′rian. [L.,—Gr. topos, a place.]

Topic, top′ik, n. a subject of discourse or argument: a matter.—adj. Top′ical, pertaining to a place: local: relating to a topic or subject: relating to things of local interest.—adv. Top′ically, with reference to a particular place or topic. [Fr.,—Low L.,—Gr. ta topika, the general principles of argument—topos, a place.]

Topographer, tō-pog′raf-ėr, n. one who describes a place, &c.: one skilled in topography.—adjs. Topograph′ic, -al, pertaining to topography.—adv. Topograph′ically, in a topographical manner.—ns. Topog′raphist; Topog′raphy, the description of a place: a detailed account of the superficial features of a tract of country: the art of describing places. [Gr. topos, a place, graphein, to describe.]

Topolatry, tōpol′a-tri, n. veneration for a place. [Gr. topos, a place, latreia, worship.]

Topology, tō-pol′ō-ji, n. the art of aiding the memory by associating things with places. [Gr. topos, a place, legein, to speak.]

Toponym, top′ō-nim, n. (anat.) a topographical name, the technical designation of any region of an animal.—n. Topon′omy, topical terminology, the place-names of a district.—adjs. Topon′ymal, Toponym′ic, -al.—n. Topon′ymy, the nomenclature of anatomical regions. [Gr. topos, a place, onoma, a name.]

Topple, top′l, v.i. to fall forward: to tumble down. [Freq. of top.]

Topsyturvy, top′si-tur-vi, adv. bottom upwards.—adj. turned upside down.—n. confusion.—v.t. to turn upside down.—n. Topsyturvificā′tion, a turning upside down.—adv. Topsytur′vily.—ns. Topsytur′viness; Topsytur′vydom. [Explained by Skeat as top + so (adv.) + tervy, overturned—M. E. terven, to throw—A.S. torfian, to throw.]

Toque, tōk, n. a form of hat or cap worn in the 16th century: a modern close-fitting brimless bonnet for women: an African nominal money of account, equal to 40 cowries: the bonnet-macaque. [Fr., prob. Celt., Bret. tok, W. toc, a hat.]

Tor, tor, n. a hill, a rocky height. [A.S. torr, tor—W. tor; Gael. torr.]

Torah, tō′ra, n. the Mosaic law: the book of the law, the Pentateuch.—Also Thō′rah. [Heb.]

Torbite, tōr′bīt, n. a preparation of peat for fuel.

Torch, torch, n. a light formed of twisted tow dipped in pitch or other inflammable material: a large candle or flambeau.—ns. Torch′-bear′er; Torch′-dance; Torch′er (Shak.), one who gives light with, or as with, a torch; Torch′ing, a way of catching fish at night with torch-light-and spear; Torch′-light; Torch′-race.—n.pl. Torch′-staves (Shak.), staves for carrying torches. [Fr. torche—L. tortum, pa.p. of torquēre, to twist.]

Torchère, tor-shār′, n. a large ornamental candelabrum. [Fr.]

Torcular, tor′kū-lar, n. the tourniquet. [L.]

Tore, tōr, pa.t. of tear.

Tore, tōr, n. (prov.) dead grass.

Tore=Torus.

Toreador, tor-e-a-dōr′, n. a bull-fighter, esp. on horseback. [Sp.]

To-rent, tōō′-rent′, p.adj. (Spens.) rent asunder.

Toreutic, tō-rōō′tik, adj. pertaining to chased or embossed metal-work.—ns. Toreumatog′raphy, a treatise on ancient work in metal; Toreumatol′ogy, the art of ancient art-work on metal; Toreu′tes, an artist in metal. [Gr., toreuein, to bore.]

Torgoch, tor′goh, n. the red-bellied char. [W.]

Torment, tor′ment, n. torture: anguish: that which causes pain.—v.t. Torment′, to torture: to put to extreme pain, physical or mental: to distress: to afflict.—p.adj. Tormen′ted (U.S.), a euphemism for damned.—adj. Tormen′ting, causing torment.—adv. Tormen′tingly, in a tormenting manner.—ns. Tormen′tor, -er, one who, or that which, torments: (B.) a torturer, an executioner: a long meat-fork: a wing in the first groove of a stage; Tormen′tum, a whirligig. [O. Fr.,—L. tormentum, an engine for hurling stones—L. torquēre, to twist.]

Tormentil, tor′men-til, n. a genus of plants, one species with an astringent woody root. [Fr.,—Low L. tormentilla—L. tormentum.]

Tormina, tor′mi-na, n.pl. gripes, colic.—adjs. Tor′minal, Tor′minous.

Tormodont, tor′mō-dont, adj. socketed, of teeth. [Gr. tormos, a hole, odous, odontos, a tooth.]

Torn, tōrn, pa.p. of tear: (B.) stolen.—adj. Torn′-down, rebellious, ungovernable.

Tornado, tor-nā′dō, n. a violent hurricane, frequent in tropical countries:—pl. Tornā′does.—adj. Tornad′ic. [Sp., tornada—tornar—L. tornāre.]

Torneament, an obsolete form of tournament.

Toroidal, tō-roi′dal, adj. shaped like an anchor-ring.

Torous, tō′rus, adj. swelling, muscular.—n. Toros′ity, muscularity.

Torpedo, tor-pē′do, n. a genus of cartilaginous fishes of family Torpedinidæ, related to the skates and rays, with electric organs on each side of the head, giving an electric shock when touched so as to produce torpor or numbness, the cramp-fish: a submarine weapon of offence, carrying a charge of gun-cotton or other explosive, and possessing powers of locomotion—in distinction to a submarine mine, which is stationary and used for defensive purposes:—pl. Torpē′does.—v.t. to attack with torpedoes, to explode a torpedo in or under.—adj. Torped′inous.—ns. Torpē′do-boat, a small swift steamer from which torpedoes are discharged; Torpē′do-boom, a spar for carrying a torpedo, projecting from a boat or anchored in a channel; Torpē′do-catch′er, a swift vessel for capturing torpedo-boats; Torpē′doist, one skilled in the management of torpedoes; Torpē′do-net, a net of wire hung at some distance round a ship to intercept torpedoes. [L.,—torpēre, to be stiff.]

Torpescent, tor-pes′ent, adj. becoming torpid or numb.—n. Torpes′cence. [L., pr.p. of torpescĕre, to become stiff—torpēre, to be stiff.]

Torpid, tor′pid, adj. stiff, numb: having lost the power of motion and feeling: sluggish, dormant: pertaining to the Torpids, or Lent boat-races, at Oxford.—n. a second-class racing boat, or one of its crew.—n. Torpid′ity.—adv. Tor′pidly.—n. Tor′pidness.—v.t. Tor′pify, to make torpid.—ns. Tor′pitude, state of being torpid: numbness: dullness: stupidity; Tor′por, numbness: inactivity: dullness: stupidity. [L. torpidus—torpēre.]

Torque, tork, n. a twisting force: a necklace of metal rings interlaced.—adjs. Tor′quate, -d, collared; Torqued′, twisted. [L. torques—torquēre, to twist.]

Torrefy, tor′e-fī, v.t. to scorch: to parch:—pa.t. and pa.p. torr′efied.—n. Torrefac′tion, act of torrefying: state of being torrefied. [L. torrēre, to dry, to burn, facĕre, to make.]

Torrent, tor′ent, n. a rushing stream: a strong or turbulent current.—adj. rushing in a stream.—ns. Torr′ent-bow, a bow of prismatic colours formed above the spray of a torrent; Torr′ent-duck, a merganser of genus Merganetta, found in the swift water-courses of the Andes.—adj. Torren′tial, of the nature of a torrent, produced by the agency of rapid streams: overwhelmingly voluble.—n. Torrential′ity.—adv. Torren′tially. [L. torrens, -entis, boiling, pr.p. of torrēre, to dry.]

Torricellian, tor-i-sel′i-an, or tor-i-chēl′i-an, adj. pertaining to the Italian mathematician Evangelista Torricelli (1608-47), who discovered in 1643 the principle on which the barometer is constructed.—Torricellian tube, the barometer; Torricellian vacuum, the vacuum in the barometer.

Torrid, tor′id, adj. burning or parching: violently hot: dried with heat.—ns. Torrid′ity, Torr′idness.—Torrid zone, the broad belt round the earth betwixt the tropics, on either side of the equator. [L. torridus—torrēre, to burn.]

Torse, tors, n. a heraldic wreath.—ns. Torsade′, an ornament like a twisted cord; Tor′sel, a twisted scroll: a plate in a brick wall to support the end of a beam.

Torshent, tor′shent, n. (U.S.) the youngest child and pet of a family.—Also Torsh.

Torsion, tor′shun, n. act of twisting or turning a body: the force with which a thread or wire tends to return when twisted, the kind of strain produced in a bar or wire when one end is kept fixed and the other is rotated about the axis: (surg.) a method of common application for the purpose of checking arterial hæmorrhage in certain cases, by twisting the cut end of the artery.—n. Torsibil′ity.—adj. Tor′sional, pertaining to, or resulting from, torsion.—n. Tor′sion-bal′ance, an instrument for measuring very minute forces by a delicate horizontal bar or needle, suspended by a very fine thread or wire.—adj. Tor′sive, twisted spirally. [L. torsio—torquēre, tortum, to twist.]

Torsk, torsk, n. a genus of fish of the cod family, abundant in the northern parts of the Atlantic Ocean, characterised by a single long dorsal fin, and by having the vertical fins separate. [Sw. torsk; Ger. dorsch, a haddock.]

Torso, tor′sō, n. the trunk of a statue without head or limbs:—pl. Tor′sos.—Also Torse. [It.; prob. Teut., Old High Ger. turso, torso, stalk.]

Tort, tort, n. a term in the law of England including all those wrongs, not arising out of contract, for which a remedy by compensation or damages is given in a court of law: (Spens.) wrong, injury, calamity.—adj. Tor′tious (Spens.), wrongful, injurious. [Low L. tortum—L. torquĕre, tortum, to twist.]

Torticollis, tor-ti-kol′is, n. wryneck.

Tortile, tor′til, adj. twisted: wreathed: coiled.—n. Tortil′ity.—adj. Tor′tive (Shak.), twisted, wreathed.

Tortilla, tor-tē′lya, n. a round flat cake made from maize in Mexico. [Sp., dim. of torta, a tart.]

Tortoise, tor′tis, or -tois, n. together with turtles, a well-defined order of reptiles, distinguished especially by the dorsal (carapace) and ventral (plastron) shields which protect the body.—n. Tor′toise-shell, the horny epidermic plate of a species of turtle.—adj. of the colour of the foregoing, mottled in yellow and black. [O. Fr. tortis—L. tortus, twisted.]

Tortrix, tor′triks, n. the typical genus of Tortricidæ, a family of small lepidopterous insects.

Tortulous, tor′tū-lus, adj. having swellings at regular intervals.

Tortuous, tor′tū-us, adj. twisted, winding: (fig.) deceitful.—adj. Tor′tuōse, twisted: wreathed: winding.—n. Tortuos′ity, state of being tortuous.—adv. Tor′tuously.—n. Tor′tuousness. [Fr.,—L. tortuosus—torquēre, tortum, to twist.]

Torture, tor′tūr, n. a putting to the rack or severe pain to extort a confession, or as a punishment: extreme pain: anguish of body or mind.—v.t. to put to torture or to the rack: to put to extreme pain: to annoy: to vex.—n. Tor′turer.—adv. Tor′turingly, in a torturing manner: so as to torment or punish.—adj. Tor′turous, causing torture. [Late L. tortura, torment—torquēre.]

Toruffled, too-ruf′ld, adj. (Milt.) ruffled.

Torula, tor′ū-la, n. a small torus: the yeast-plant.—adjs. Tor′uliform; Tor′uloid; Tor′ulose; Tor′ulous.—n. Tor′ulus, the socket of the antenna. [L. torulus, dim. of torus, swelling.]

Torus, tō′rus, n. (archit.) a moulding in the base of columns, the profile of which is semicircular: (bot.) the receptacle or part of the flower on which the carpels stand: (anat.) a rounded ridge, esp. one on the occipital bone of the skull:—pl. Tō′ri. [L., a round, swelling place, an elevation.]

Tory, tō′ri, n. a Conservative in English politics—a term since 1830 largely superseded by Conservative, but since 1880 a good deal revived in the sense frequently of a non-conservative Conservative.—v.t. Tō′rify, to infect with Tory principles.—n. Tō′ryism, the principles of the Tories. [Ir. toiridhe, a pursuer; first applied to the Irish bog-trotters and robbers; next, about 1680, to the most hot-headed asserters of the royal prerogative.]

Tose, tōz, v.t. (obs.) to pull about, esp. to tease.—adj. Tō′sy, teased, soft.

Tosh, tosh, adj. (Scot.) neat, trim.

Toss, tos, v.t. to throw up suddenly or violently: to cause to rise and fall: to make restless: to agitate, pass from one to another: to toss up with: to drink off: to dress out smartly.—v.i. to be tossed: to be in violent commotion: to tumble about: to fling.—n. act of throwing upward: a throwing up of the head: confusion, commotion: a toss-up.—v.t. Toss′en (Spens.), to toss, to brandish.—n. Toss′er.—adv. Toss′ily, pertly.—ns. Toss′ing, the act of tossing or throwing upward: (B.) violent commotion: (mining) process of washing ores; Toss′-pot (Shak.), a toper, a drunkard; Toss′-up, the throwing up of a coin to decide anything: an even chance or hazard.—adj. Toss′y, pert, contemptuous.—Toss off, to drink off; Toss up, to throw up a coin and wager on which side it will fall. [Celt., as W. tosio, to jerk, tos, a quick jerk.]

Tost, a form of tossed, pa.p. of toss.

Tosticated, tos′ti-kā-ted, adj. fuddled: perplexed—also Tos′sicāted.—n. Tosticā′tion, perplexity.

Tot, tot, n. anything little, esp. a child: a drinking-cup holding but half-a-pint, a small dram.—n. Tot′tie, a dim. of tot. [Cf. Ice. tottr, a dwarf.]

Tot, tot, v.t. to add or sum up.—n. an addition of a long column. [Coll. abbrev. of total.]

Total, tō′tal, adj. whole: complete: undivided: unqualified, absolute.—n. the whole: the entire amount.—v.t. to bring to a total, add up: to amount to.—ns. Tōtalisā′tion; Tōtalisā′tor, Tō′talīser, an automatic betting-machine.—v.t. Tō′talīse.—ns. Tō′talīser; Tōtal′ity, the whole sum, quantity, or amount.—adv. Tō′tally.—n. Tō′talness, entireness. [Fr.,—Low L. totalis—L. totus, whole.]

Tote, tōt, v.t. to carry as a personal burden, to bear.—n. Tote′-road, a rough road for carriers.

Totem, tō′tem, n. a natural object, not an individual but one of a class, taken by a tribe, a family, or a single person, and treated with superstitious respect as an outward symbol of an existing intimate unseen relation.—adj. Totem′ic.—ns. Tō′temism, the use of totems as the foundation of a vast social system of alternate obligation and restriction; Tō′temist, one designated by a totem.—adj. Tō′temistic. [Algonquin otem, which must be preceded by the personal article, as kitotem=the family-mark, nind-otem=my family-mark.]

T'other, tuth′ėr, indef. pron. that other.

Totient, tō′shi-ent, n. the number of totitives of a number. [L. toties, so many.]

Totipalmate, tō-ti-pal′māt, adj. fully webbed in all four toes.—n. a bird showing this.—n. Totipalmā′tion.

Totitive, tot′i-tiv, n. a number less than another having with it no common divisor but unity.

To-torne, tōō-tōrn′, p.adj. (Spens.) torn to pieces.

Totter, tot′ėr, v.i. to shake as if about to fall: to be unsteady: to stagger: to shake.—n. Tott′erer.—adv. Tott′eringly, in a tottering manner.—adjs. Tott′ery, shaky; Tott′y (Spens.), tottering, unsteady. [For tolter—M. E. tulten—A.S. tealtrian, to totter, tealt, unsteady.]

Toucan, tōō-kan′, or tōō′-, n. a genus of South American Picarian birds, with an immense beak. [Fr.,—Braz.]

Touch, tuch, v.t. to come in contact with: to perceive by feeling: to reach: to relate to: to handle or treat gently or slightly, as in 'to touch the hat,' &c.: to take, taste: to move or soften: to influence: to move to pity: to taint: (slang) to cheat: to lay the hand upon for the purpose of curing scrofula or king's evil—a practice that ceased only with the accession of the House of Brunswick.—v.i. to be in contact with: to make a passing call: to speak of anything slightly: (prov.) to salute by touching the cap.—n. act of touching: a movement on a musical instrument, skill or nicety in such, a musical note or strain: any impression conveyed by contact, a hint, a slight sound: a stroke with a pen, brush, &c.: a tinge, smack, trace, a slight degree of a thing: sense of feeling, contact, close sympathy, harmony: peculiar or characteristic manner: a style of anything at a certain expenditure: a touchstone, test.—adj. Touch′able, capable of being touched.—n. Touch′ableness, the state or quality of being touchable.—adj. Touch′-and-go, of uncertain issue, ticklish, difficult.—ns. Touch′-back, the act of touching the football to the ground behind the player's own goal when it has been kicked by an opponent; Touch′-box, a box containing tinder, which used to be carried by soldiers armed with matchlocks; Touch′-down, the touching to the ground of a football by a player behind the opponents' goal; Touch′er; Touch′-hole, the small hole of a cannon through which the fire is communicated to the charge.—adv. Touch′ily, in a touchy manner: peevishly.—n. Touch′iness, the quality of being touchy: peevishness: irritability.—adj. Touch′ing, affecting: moving: pathetic.—prep. concerning: with regard to.—adv. Touch′ingly.—ns. Touch′ingness; Touch′-me-not, a plant of genus Impatiens: lupus; Touch′-nee′dle, a small bar or needle of gold for testing articles of the same metal by comparing the streaks they make on a touchstone with those made by the needle; Touch′-pā′per, paper steeped in saltpetre for firing a train of powder, &c.; Touch′piece, a coin or medal formerly given by English sovereigns to those whom they touched for the cure of the king's evil; Touch′stone, a kind of compact basalt or stone for testing gold or silver by the streak of the touch-needle: any test; Touch′wood, some soft combustible material, as amadou, used as tinder.—adj. Touch′y, irritable: peevish.—Touch up, to improve by a series of small touches, to elaborate, embellish.—A near touch, a close shave. [Fr. toucher—from Old High Ger. zucchen (Ger. zucken), to move, to draw.]

Tough, tuf, adj. not easily broken: firm: stiff, viscous, sticky: stubborn, hard to manage, trying: violent: tenacious: able to endure hardship.—n. a rough, a bully.—v.t. or v.i. Tough′en, to make or become tough.—adj. Tough′ish, rather tough.—adv. Tough′ly.—n. Tough′ness. [A.S. tóh; cog. with Ger. zähe.]

Toupee, tōō-pē′, n. a little tuft or lock of hair, the top of a periwig, a small wig. [Fr. toupet.]

Tour, tōōr, n. a going round: a journey in a circuit: a prolonged journey: a ramble.—n. Tour′ist, one who makes a tour, a traveller for sight-seeing.—adj. Touris′tic. [Fr.,—L. tornus, a turn.]

Touraco, tōō′ra-kō, or tōō-rä′-, n. a bird about the size of a pheasant found in the Amazon region, whose structure shows many anomalies—the sternal apparatus, the divided muscular crop, and the reptilian character of the head of the unhatched chick.

Tourbillon, tōōr-bil′yun, n. anything with a spiral movement: a whirlwind: a kind of firework which gyrates in the air. [Fr., a whirlwind—L. turbo.]

Tourmalin, -e, tōōr′ma-lin, n. a beautiful mineral, with vitreous lustre, mostly black, brownish-black, and bluish-black. [From Tourmali, in Ceylon, whence a variety of the stone was first brought.]

Tournament, tōōr′na-ment, n. a military sport of the Middle Ages in which combatants engaged one another to display their courage and skill in arms: any contest in skill involving a number of competitors and a series of games.—Also Tour′ney. [O. Fr. tournoiement, tornoi—torner—L. tornāre, to turn.]

Tourniquet, tōōr′ni-ket, n. an instrument for compressing the main artery of the thigh or arm, either for the purpose of preventing too great a loss of blood in amputation, or to check dangerous hæmorrhage from accidental wounds, or to stop the circulation through an aneurism. [Fr., tourner—L. tornāre, to turn.]

Tournure, tōōr-nūr′, n. contour, the characteristic turn of a drawing: a pad worn by women to give the hips a well-rounded outline, the drapery at the back of a gown.