Commonly Used Drugs/Cocaine

by National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health

Cocaine
A powerfully addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant native to South America. For more information, see the Cocaine Research Report.
Street Names	Commercial Names	Common Forms	Commons Ways Taken	DEA Schedule
Blow, Bump, C, Coke, Crack, Dust, Flake, Nose Candy, Rock, Snow, Sneeze, Sniff, Toot, White Rock With heroin: Speedball	Cocaine hydrochloride topical solution (low dose anesthetic used in certain medical procedures)	White powder, whitish rock crystal	Snorted, smoked, injected	II
Possible Health Effects
Short-term	Narrowed blood vessels; enlarged pupils; increased body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure; headache; abdominal pain and nausea; euphoria; increased energy, alertness; insomnia, restlessness; anxiety; erratic and violent behavior, panic attacks, paranoia, psychosis; heart rhythm problems, heart attack; stroke, seizure, coma.
Long-term	Loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, nasal damage and trouble swallowing from snorting; infection and death of bowel tissue from decreased blood flow; poor nutrition and weight loss; lung damage from smoking.
Other Health-related Issues	Pregnancy: premature delivery, low birth weight, deficits in self-regulation and attention in school-aged children prenatally exposed. Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases from shared needles.
In Combination with Alcohol	Greater risk of cardiac toxicity than from either drug alone.
Withdrawal Symptoms	Depression, tiredness, increased appetite, insomnia, vivid unpleasant dreams, slowed movement, restlessness.
Treatment Options
Medications	There are no FDA-approved medications to treat cocaine addiction.
Behavioral Therapies	Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) Contingency management, or motivational incentives, including vouchers The Matrix Model Community-based recovery groups, such as 12-Step programs Mobile medical application: reSET®