Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gunning, John
GUNNING, JOHN (d. 1798), surgeon, was assistant surgeon to St. George's Hospital, London, from 21 Jan. 1760 to 4 Jan. 1765, and full surgeon from that date till his death. In 1773 he was elected steward of anatomy by the Surgeons' Company, but paid the fine rather than serve. In 1789 he was elected examiner on the death of Percival Pott, and in the same year he was chosen master of the company, and signalised his year of office by a firm effort to reform its administration and reorganise its work. His attack upon the expensive system of dinners of the courts of assistants and of examiners, and his philippic on retiring from office on 1 July 1790, as recorded by South, show that he could be fearlessly outspoken. 'Your theatre,' he says, in his last address, 'is without lectures, your library-room without books is converted into an office for your clerk, and your committee-room is become his eating-parlour … If, gentlemen, you make no better use of the hall than what you have already done, you had better sell it, and apply the money for the good of the company in some other way.' The court of assistants appointed a committee to consider the question, and numerous reforms were effected. In 1790 Gunning was appointed the first professor of surgery; but he soon resigned on the plea that it occupied too much of his time, and no new appointment was made. Gunning was in general opposed to his colleague at St. George's, John Hunter, who was frequently overbearing to his professional brethren, and appeared to them to neglect the proper business of a surgeon for unpractical pursuits. The quarrel rose to a great pitch when a surgeon was elected in succession to Charles Hawkins. Keate was supported by Gunning, and Home by Hunter, and after a sharp contest Keate was elected. A dispute ensued about fees for surgical lectures, which led to a controversy between Gunning, senior surgeon, supported by two of his colleagues, and Hunter (see the account in Ottley, Life of J. Hunter, pp. 126-132). It ended in John Hunter's dramatically sudden death on 16 Oct. 1793, immediately after being flatly contradicted by one of his colleagues, apparently Gunning. In 1796 it was determined to sell the Surgeons' Hall on account of the expense attending its repair; but on 7 July Gunning, on behalf of the committee, reported that as no one had bid within 200l. of the price set upon it, it had been bought in. At the same court Henry Cline [q. v.] was elected a member of the court of assistants, in the absence of a governor (one having just died, and the other being blind and paralysed in Warwickshire). This voided the charter. A bill brought into parliament in 1797 to indemnify the company, and to give it greater power over the profession, after passing the commons, was lost in the House of Lords by the influence of Thurlow, owing, it is said, to his grudge against Gunning. Thurlow having said, 'There's no more science in surgery than in butchery,' Gunning had retorted: 'Then, my lord, I heartily pray that your lordship may break your leg, and have only a butcher to set it.'
Gunning had been appointed surgeon-general of the army in 1793, on the death of John Hunter; he was also senior surgeon extraordinary to the king. He died at Bath on 14 Feb. 1798. His nephew, John Gunning, served as surgeon with the army in Flanders in 1793-4, throughout the Peninsular war, and at Waterloo. He was nominally surgeon to St. George's from 1800 to 1823, but soon after the peace settled in Paris, where he died in 1863 in his ninetieth year.
[J. F. South's Memorials of the Craft of Surgery in England, pp. 284-91, 382-403; Gent. Mag. 1793 ii. 1062, 1798 i. 177; Ottley's Life of J. Hunter, pp. 126-32; Dr. W. E. Page's 'Account of St. George's Hospital,' St. George's Hospital Reports, vol. i. 1866.]