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Chapter XIV
Early Man in Britain and His Place in the Tertiary Period (1880)
by William Boyd Dawkins
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3154896Early Man in Britain and His Place in the Tertiary Period — Appendices1880William Boyd Dawkins
​

APPENDICES.

I. THE EOCENE MAMMALIA OF BRITAIN AND FRANCE.

A. OF BRITAIN.
B. OF FRANCE.

II. THE MEIOCENE MAMMALIA.

A. THE LOWER MEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF FRANCE.
B. THE MID MEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF FRANCE.
C. THE UPPER MEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF THE CONTINENT.

III. THE PLEIOCENE MAMMALIA.

A. LOWER PLEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF FRANCE.
B. UPPER PLEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF FRANCE.
C. THE PLEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF ITALY.
​

APPENDIX I.

CHAPTER II.—P. 26.

EOCENE MAMMALIA OF BRITAIN AND FRANCE.

A. THE EOCENE MAMMALIA OF BRITAIN.

The following list, in which I have been largely assisted by Mr. William Davies of the British Museum, represents the principal Eocene Mammalia of Great Britain.

LOWER EOCENE.

Marsupialia.

Didelphys Colchesteri, Ow. Woolwich and Reading beds, Kyson.

Ungulata Perissodactyla.

Hyracotherium leporinum, Ow. Woolwich and Reading beds, Kyson.
„cuniculus, Ow. Woolwich and Reading beds, Kyson.
Coryphodon eocænus, Ow. London Clay, Harwich.
Pliolophus vulpiceps, Ow. London Clay, Harwich.

MID EOCENE.

Ungulata Perissodactyla.

Lophiodon minimus, Ow. Bracklesham.

UPPER EOCENE.

Marsupialia.

Didelphys. Hordwell.
Hyænodon leptorhynchus, Blain.

​

Ungulata Perissodactyla.

Anchitherium radegondense, Gerv. Bembridge.
Palæotherium crassum, Cuv. Hordwell.
„magnum, Cuv. Bembridge.
„medium, Cuv. Binstead.
„minus, Ow. Hordwell.
Paloplotherium annectens, Ow. Hordwell.

Ungulata Artiodactyla non Ruminantia.

Anthracotherium. Hempstead, Bembridge.
Microchœrus erinaceus, S. V. Wood. Hordwell
Chœropotamus Cuvieri, Ow. Isle of Wight.
Hyopotamus bovinus, Ow. Hempstead.[1]
„vectianus, Ow.
Dichodon cuspidatus, Ow. Hordwell.
Anoplotherium commune, Cuv. Binstead.

Ungulata Artiodactyla Ruminantia.

Dichobune ovinum, Ow. Binstead.
„cervinum, Ow. Binstead.

Rodentia.

Theridomys.

Primates, Lemuridæ.

Acotherulum.

B. THE EOCENE MAMMALIA OF FRANCE.

The French Eocene Mammalia of the following list are taken principally from the works of Professor Gervais (Paléontologie Française, 4to, 1859, II. chap. 1), and Professor Gaudry (Sur les Enchainements du Monde Animal, 8vo, 1878).

LOWER EOCENE = ORTHROCÈNE, Gervais, p. 324.

Marsupialia Carnivora.

Arctocyon primævus, Gerv.Palæonidis gigantea, Blain.

​

Herbivora Perissodactyla.

Coryphodon anthracoideum, Ow.

MID EOCENE MAMMALIA = EOCÈNE, Gervais, p. 327.

Herbivora Perissodactyla.

Lophiodon, 10 species.
Pachynolophus, 5„

Propalæotherium, 2 species.

Herbivora Artiodactyla.

Anchilophus.

Heterohyus.

Ruminantia.

Dichohune.

UPPER EOCENE = PROICÈNE, Gervais, p. 328.

Marsupialia.

Didelphys, Cuv. = Peratherium, Gerv., 5 species.
Proviverra Cayluxi, Gaudry.[2]
Hyænodon, 3 species.
Pterodon dasyuroides, Blain.

Ungulata Perissodactyla.

Anchitlierium (?) Dumasii, Gerv.
„radegondense, Gerv.
Palæotherium, 6 species.

Paloplotherium, 2 species.
Lophiotherium cervulum, Gerv.

Ungulata Artiodactyla.

Anoplotherium commune, Cuv.
Eurytherium latipes, Gerv.

Chœropotamus parisiensis, Cuv.
Cebochœrus, 2 species.

Ungulata Artiodactyla Ruminantia.

Amphimœryx, 2 species.
Dichobune leporinum, Cuv.

Cainotherium (Hyœgulus), 2 species.
Xiphodon, 3 species.

​

Carnivora (Marsupialia?).

Canis (?) parisiensis,[3] Cuv.
Cynodictis lacustris, Gerv.
Cyotherium parisiense, Gerv.

Galethylax Blainvillei, Gerv.
Tylodon Hombresii, Gerv.

Rodentia.

Plesiarctomys Gervaisii, Brav.
Sciurus fossilis,[3] Cuv.

Theridomys, 2 species.

Cheiroptera.

Vespertilio Parisiensis.[4]

Primates, Lemuridæ.

Adapis parisiensis, Cuv.
Adapis (Aphelotherium) Duvernoyi, Gaudry.
Acotherulum.
Tapirulus hyracinus, Gerv.

​

APPENDIX II.

CHAPTER III.—P. 39.

THE MEIOCENE MAMMALIA.

A. THE LOWER MEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF FRANCE.

The mammals which appear to me to characterise the Lower Meiocenes[5] of France are chosen from Professor Gervais' work (Op. cit. pp. 341 et seq.) They consist of the following species derived from—1. St. Gérand-le-Puy (Allier); 2, Vaumas and St. Pourcin- Sur-Hètre (Allier); 3, Issoire, Volvic, Puy-de-dome.

LOWER MEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF FRANCE.

Marsupialia.

Didelphys = Peratherium (3).[6]

Hyænodon leptorhynchus, Laiz. (3).

Ungulata Perissodactyla.

Rhinoceros minutus (3), Cuvier.

Tapirus Poireri (2), Pomel.

​

Ungulata Artiodactyla.

Palæochœrus (Hyotherium) (1), (3).
Anthracotherium magnum (3), Cuv.
Hyopotamus borbonicus (2), Gerv.

Ungulata Artiodactyla Ruminantia.

Dremotherium Feignouxii, Geoff. (1), (3).
Amphitragulus elegans, Pomel. (1), (3).
Cainotherium commune, Gerv. (1), (3).
Synaphodus brachygnathus, Pomel. (3).

Carnivora.

Amphicyon gracilis, Pomel. (1).
„brevirostris, Gerv. (3).
Viverra primæva, Pomel. (3).
„antiqua, Blain, (1).
Potamotherium Valetoni, Gerv. (1).
Mustela plesictis, Laiz. (1).

Mustela Croizeti, Pomel. (3).
„elegans, Gerv. (1).
„sectoria, Gerv. (3).
„angustifrons, Gerv. (1).
„minuta, Gerv. (1).

Rodentia.

Steneofiber viciacensis, Gerv. (1).
Sciurus, (1).
Theridomys breviceps, Gerv. (3).
„Blainvillei, Gerv. (3).

Myoxus murinus, Pomel. (1).
Cricetodon, (3).
Titanomys visenoviensis, Meyer (1).

Insectivora.

Erinaceus arvensis, Blain. (3).
Myogale naiadum, Pomel. (3).
Plesiosorex soricinoides, Gerv. (3).
Mysarachne Picieti, Pomel. (3).

Sorex antiquus, Pomel. (1).
Talpa acutidentata, Blain. (3).
„antiqua, Blain. (3).

B. THE MID MEIOGENE MAMMALIA OF FRANCE.

The mid Meiocene mammalia of France are represented by the species found at (1) Sansan, (2) Simorre (Gervais, Pal. Fr. pp. 341 et seq.)

MID MEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF FRANCE.

Edentata.

Macrotherium giganteum, Lart. (1).

​

Proboscidea.

Mastodon angustidens, Cuv.
„tapiroides, Cuv. (1), (2).

Deinotherium intermedium, Kaup. (2).

Ungulata Perissodactyla.

Anchitherium aurelianense, Gerv. (1).
Rhinoceros brachypus, Lart. (2).
„sansaniensis, Lart. (1).

Rhinoceros cimogorrhensis, Lart. (2).
Aceratherium tetradactylus, Lart. (2).

Ungulata Artiodactyla.

Sus chœrotherium, Blain. (1).
„lemuroides, Blain. (1).
Chœromorus simplex, Gerv. (1).

Listriodon splendens, Meyer (2).
Chalicotherium grande, Gerv. (1).

Ungulata Artiodactyla Ruminantia.

Antilope clavata, Gerv. (1).
Dicroceros elegans, Lart. (1).

Micromeryx Flourensianus, Lart. (1).

Carnivora.

Hyænarctos hemicyon, Lart. (1).
Amphicyon zibethoides, Blain. (1).
Thalassictis (?) incerta, Lart. (1).
Viverra sansaniensis, Lart. (1).
„exilis, Blain. (1).
Felis media, Lart. (1).
Machairodus palmidens, Gerv. (1).

Pseudælurus quadridentatus, Gerv. (1).
Lutra dubia, Blain. (1).
Mustela hydrocyon, Lart. (1).
„taxodon, Lart. (1).
„genettoides, Lart. (1).
„zorilloides, Lart. (1).

Rodentia.

Castor subpyrenaicus, Lart. (2).
Steneofiber sansansiensis, Gerv. (1).
Sciurus„Lart. (1).
„Gervaisianus, Lart. (1).

Myoxus sansaniensis, Lart. (1).
Cricetodon sansaniense, Lart. (1).
„medium, Lart. (]).
„minus, Lart. (1).

​

(Titanomys).

Lagomys sansaniensis, Lart. (1).

Insectivora.

Erinaceus sansaniensis, Lart. (1).
Mygale sansaniensis, Lart. (1).

Talpa sansaniensis, Lart. (1)
„minuta, Blain. (1).

Cheiroptera.

Vespertilio noctuloides, Lart. (1).
„murinoides, Lart. (1).

Primates, Simiadæ.

Pliopithecus antiquus, Gerv. (1).
Dryopithecus Fontani, Lart. (St. Gaudens).

​

C. THE UPPER MEIOCENE MAMMALS OF THE CONTINENT.

The following Table of Upper Meiocene species of France, Spain, Greece, and Germany, is taken from the works of Professor Gaudry.[7] From it the reader will gather the distribution of the various species in different parts of Europe.

France:
Vaucluse,
Mont Léberon.
Spain:
Concud.
Greece:
Attica,
Pikernil.
Hungary:
Baltavar.
Germany:
Hesse-Darmstadt,
Eppelsheim.
Edentata.
  1. Ancylotherium pentelici, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x ... x
  1. Macrotherium
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... ...
Proboscidea.
  1. Mastodon pentelici, Gaudry and Lartet
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... x x
  1. Mastodon turicensis, Schinz
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x ... x
  1. „ longirostris, Kaup.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... ... x x
  1. Deinotherium giganteum, Kaup.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x ... x
Perissodactyla.
Rhinoceros pachygnathus,
  1. Wagner
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x ... x
  1. „ Schleiermacheri, Kaup.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x ... x ... x
  1. Aceratherium
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x ... x
  1. Leptodon græcus, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x x x
  1. Hipparion gracile, Christol
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x x x ... x
  1. Tapirus
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... ...
Artiodactyla.
  1. Chalicotherium
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x ... ... ... x
  1. Sus erymanthius
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 Kaup. x ... x x
  1. „ major, Gerv.=var.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
  1. „ palæochcerus, Kaup.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... ... ... x
  1. „ antediluvianus, Kaup.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... ... ... x
  1. „ antiquus, Kaup.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... ... ... x
Ruminata.
  1. Camelopardalis attica, Gaudry and Lartet
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
  1. Helladotherium Duvernoyi, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x ... x x ​
Ruminata—continued.
  1. Palæotragus Rouenii, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
  1. Palæoryx Pallasii, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
  1. Tragoceros amaltheus, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x x x x
  1. Tragoceros Valenciennesi, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
  1. Palæoreas Lindermayeri, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
  1. Antedorcas (?) Rothii, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
  1. Gazella brevicornis, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... x x x
  1. „ deperdita, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x x x x
  1. Dremotherium pentelici, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x ... x
  1. Dorcatherium
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... ... ... x
  1. Cervus Matheroni, Gerv.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x
  1. „ anoceros, Kaup.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... ... ... x
  1. „ dicranoceros, Kaup.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... ... ... x
Carnivora.
  1. Simocyon diaphorus, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x ... x
  1. Mustela pentelici, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
  1. Promephitis Lartetii, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
  1. Ictitherium robustum, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
  1. „ hipparionum, Wagner
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x ... x x
  1. „ Orbignii, Wagner
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x (?) ... x
  1. Hyæna eximia, Roth. and Wagner
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x x x
  1. „ chœretis, Gaudry and Lartet
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x x
  1. Hyænictis græca, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x x x
  1. Machairodus cultridens, Kaup.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 x ... x
  1. Felis attica, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
Rodentia.
  1. Hystrix primigenia, Gaudry
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
Primates, Simiadæ.
  1. Mesopithecus pentelici, Wagner
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... x
  1. Dryopithecus (?)
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 ... ... ... ... x
​

APPENDIX III.

CHAPTER IV.—P. 79.

THE PLEIOCENE MAMMALIA.

The following Lists of the Pleiocene mammalia are founded upon those published by Professor Gervais (Zool. et Paléont. Franç. p. 349 et seq.), with the addition of certain species which have been determined by Dr. Falconer, Dr. Forsyth Major, and myself.

A. LOWER PLEIOCENE MAMMALS OF FEANCE,
STAGE OF MONTPELLIER.

LAND.

Proboscidea.

Mastodon arvernensis, Falc. = M. brevirostris, Gerv.

Ungulata Perissodactyla.

Rhinoceros megarhinus, Christol. Tapirus minor, Serres.

Ungulata Artiodactyla.

Sus provincialis, Gerv.

Ungulata Artiodactyla Ruminantia.

Antilope Cordieri, Christ.
Cervus cusanus, Cr. et Job.
„ australis, Serres.

​

Carnivora.

Ursus minutus, Gerv. (? Ursus arvernensis, Or. et Job.)

Hyænarctos insignis, Gerv.

Felis Christolii, Gerv
Lutra affinis, Gerv.

RODENTIA.

Chalicomys sigmodus, Gerv.
Lagomys loxodus, Gerv.

Primates, Simiadæ

Semnopithecus monspessulanus, Gerv.
Macacus priscus, Gerv.

SEA.

Pristiphoca occitana, Gerv.
Halitherium Serresii, Gerv.
Delphinus pliocænus, Gerv.

Rorqualis priscus, Gerv.
Hoplocetus curvidens, Gerv.

B. UPPER PLEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF FRANCE, STAGE OF MONT PERRIER AND ISSOIRE.

Proboscidea.

Mastodon arvernensis, Cr. et Job.
Elephas meridionalis (of Malbattu), Nesti.

Ungulata Perissodactyla.

Rhinoceros (elatus?).
Tapirus arvernensis, Cr. et Job.
Hipparion gracile (of Malbattu), Kaup.

Ungulata Artiodactyla.

Sus arvernensis, Cr. et Job.

Ungulata Artiodactyla Ruminantia.

Bos elatus, Croiz.
Cervus polycladus, Gerv.
( = C. ramosus.., Cr. et Job.)
Cervus ardeus, Cr. et Job.
„ polignacus.

Cervus etueriarum, Cr. et Job.
„ pardinensis, Cr. et Job.
„ arvernensis, Cr. et Job.
„ cusanus, Cr. et Job.

​

Cervus cladocerus, Pomel.
„ perrieri, Cr. et Job.
(= C. issiodorensis.)

Cervus tetraceros, Dawk.
„ cylindroceros, Dawk.[8]

Carnivora.

Ursus arvernensis, Cr. et Job.
Canis borbonicus, Brav.
Felis pardinensis, Cr. et Job.
„ arvernensis, Cr. et Job.
„ brevirostris, Cr. et Job.

Felis issiodorensis, Cr. et Job.
Machairodus cultridens, Gerv.
Hyæna arvernensis, Cr. et Job.
„ perrieri, Cr. et Job.
Lutra Bravardi, Pomel.

Rodentia.

Hystrix refossa, Gerv.
Castor issiodorensis, Croizet.
Ardomys antiqua, Pomel.

Arvicola robustus, Pomel.
Lepus Lacosti, Pomel.

C. PLEIOCENE MAMMALIA OF ITALY, THE UPPER VAL D'ARNO.

(Forsyth Major, Soc. Ital. di Antrop et di Etnol., 20th April 1876, p. 10.)

Proboscidea.

Mastodon arvernensis, Cr. et Job.
Elephas meridionalis, Nesti.

Ungulata Perissodactyla.

Rhinoceros etruscus, Falc.
„ megarhinus, Falc.
Equus Stenonis, Cocchi.

Ungulata Artiodactyla.

Hippopotamus major, Cuv.
Sus Strozzi, Meneg.

​

Ungulata Artiodactyla Ruminantia.

Bos etruscus, Falc.
Cervus ctenoides, Nesti (MSS.)
C. perrieri, Cr. et Job.

Cervus dicranios, Nesti.
Cervus etueriarum, Cr. et Job.

Carnivora.

Canis etruscus, Major.
Ursus etruscus, Cuv.
Hyæna perrieri, Cr. et Job.
Felis.

Canis Falconeri, Major.
Mustela.
Machairodus (3 sp.)

Rodentia.

Castor plicidens, Major. Hystrix.
„ rosiniæ, Major. Lepus.

Primates, Simiadæ.

Macacus (Aulaxinus), Cocchi.

Macacus, Sp.

The megarhine Rhinoceros has been determined by Dr. Falconer, the Cervus etueriarum and C. perrieri by myself, the former in the Geological Museum of the University of Bologna, and in the Castello Valentino in Turin, and the latter in the Museum of the University of Florence. In the last museum there are specimens of Machairodus latidens, Ow., and M. cultridens of Kaup.

  1. ↑ The age of the Hempstead beds is under discussion. In the text it is treated as Meiocene.
  2. ↑ Les Enchainements, c. 1.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 This Eocene genus is too imperfect to be satisfactorily defined.
  4. ↑ This Eocene genus has not been satisfactorily defined.
  5. ↑ The mammalia of Ronzon, Villebramar, and Le Puy-en-Velay, considered by Professor Gaudry (Les Enchainements, p. 5, and Les Animaux Fossiles de Mont Léberon, 4to, p. 86) to belong to a still lower stage of the Meiocene, will probably ultimately be classified with the Upper Eocene, as Professor Gervais suggests, Pal. Franç. p. 334.
  6. ↑ These numbers relate to the above localities.
  7. ↑ Les Animaux Fossiles et la Géologie de l'Attique, 1862-8; and Les Animaux Fossiles de Mont Léberon, 4to.
  8. ↑ Dawkins, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond. xxxiv, p. 402.
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