Easy Sentences in the Hakka Dialect

by James Dyer Ball

EASY SENTENCES

 

IN THE

 

HAKKA DIALECT.

 

WITH A VOCABULARY.

 

TRANSLATED BY

 

J. DYER BALL.

 

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PRICE: ONE DOLLAR.

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HONGKONG:

Printed at the "China Mail" Office.

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1881.

CONTENTS.

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Introduction .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page I
The Numerals .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 1
Lesson I—Domestic .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 2
Lesson„ II—General .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 4
Lesson„ III—Generaldo. .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 6
Lesson„ IV—Generaldo. .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 8
Lesson„ V—Generaldo. .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 10
Lesson„ VI—Relationships .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 12
Lesson„ VII—Opposites .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 14
Lesson„ VIII—Monetary .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 16
Lesson„ IX—Commercial .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 18
Lesson„ X—Commercialdo. .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 20
Lesson„ XI—Medical .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 22
Lesson„ XII—Ecclesiastical .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 24
Lesson„ XIII—Nautical .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 26
Lesson„ XIV—Judicial .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 28
Grammar .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 30
Vocabulary .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .     .		Page„ 31

INTRODUCTION.

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While engaged in my studies in the Hakka dialect I put the sentences in Giles' Handbook of the Swatow Dialect into Hakka. Though I had not the pleasure of his acquaintance, Mr. Giles, with the greatest courtesy and kindness, accorded to me the liberty of publishing this translation of his book. I call it a translation of his book as the phrases are for the most part the same, but I have altered some of them and omitted a few, putting others in their stead. It will also be found that some words have been left out in the Vocabulary, while at the same time more Chinese equivalents are given to certain English words than appear in the Handbook.

Chinese, at the best, is a most difficult study, but there is no reason why Europeans should not, with a little trouble, pick up sufficient conversational knowledge of any of the Chinese dialects, so as to be able to understand much of what goes on about them as well as to make themselves understood. Large numbers of Hakkas have gone abroad, during the last few years, to the Sandwich Islands, Australia, America and the Straits Settlements; and we have also a considerable number in this "dot in the ocean" so thickly populated with Celestials. This little pamphlet, it is hoped, will be of some assistance to those who may wish to commence a study of an interesting member of the Fokinese family of dialects.

No doubt a considerable amount of the difficulty which attends the study of Chinese is due to the necessity of acquiring, not only a foreign language, but of acquiring it through the medium of an "orthography" composed of our own letters which have in their new combinations a stereotyped pronunciation, so different to the easy good-natured way in which the Englishman conducts himself in spelling, as in everything else. To a beginner this is a serious deterrent, and I have known men, who have lived many years in China, still continue a wrong pronunciation of certain words acquired at their first start, and due to the quantity of the vowels differing in their ordinary use in English to the use they have been put to in the representation of Chinese sounds. I am one of the last to condemn a uniform system of orthography for the Chinese dialects. I think it is a great desideratum, but I also think that, though there is no royal road to learning, the road to learning Chinese may be simplified considerably by "an attempt to express as far as possible the Chinese sounds in simple English," which I have followed Mr. Giles in attempting. The proof of anything is the best criterion of its merit. I have put Mr. Giles' Handbook of the Swatow Dialect to the test—it being the first book I used in my study of the Swatow Dialect, and I must say that the plan he has adopted, of putting the "sounds in simple English," is far better than the complicated arrangements of letters it has been my misfortune to discover in another guide to the study of the same dialect. Once having acquired a mastery of a number of sentences and words, one is better able to cope with the intricate renderings of Chinese sounds so delighted in by some book makers. One thing at a time—First learn your Chinese the simplest way you can, then you can devote time to systems which are better suited for students than tyros.

The reader will learn from the above remarks that he must not expect to find the same sounds expressed in the same way at all times; but when, in combination with some other sound, a certain sound produces a word in Chinese which has an exact equivalent in the pronunciation of an English word, that English word is given. It is, of course, impossible to find English words to represent all the sounds in Chinese, were it otherwise there would be little difficulty in learning Chinese, which would then consist, merely, of a number of English words, (as far as their sounds were concerned) representing Chinese words, but with different meanings in the one language to what they have in the other. For instance, hay in Chinese would not be a noun and represent sun-dried grass, but an adverb, or a verb, viz. "yes," or "it is." It will, therefore, be necessary to call attention to a few sounds which the Englishman may find some difficulty in pronouncing, were no explanation given.

The sound ny can be learned by joining the final n in man to the initial letter of you and dropping the other letters of the two words, viz. (ma)ny(ou).

I is always pronounced as in the first personal pronoun I.

Loy is pronounced as in coy, and oy has the same sound throughout the sentences, whether in combination or alone, that it has in that word.

M is not pronounced as em in Emma, but as m in ma without the a. Words beginning with ng usually present considerable difficulty to a man who has been taught not to speak through his nose. Let him then throw all these instructions to the winds, and begin at once to practice speaking through his nose. An idea of the sound of this initial ng may be gained by attempting to pronounce the final sound in the English word sing without the first two letters.

If the reader can fancy a sound forming a cross between how and hue, he will get an idea of the Hakka word heu; and meu, of course, has the same sound as one might suppose to exist in English were a word to be formed midway in the transit of the voice from mow to mew.

Initial w should be pronounced as v; and n at the beginning of a word, in some of the Hakka Districts, is always changed to l, while other Hakkas clearly define the distinction between l and n at the commencement of words.

Initial ts is pronounced as ts in Whitsuntide. "The sounds tsz and sz are likewise unknown to Europeans, and care should be taken to attain a correct pronunciation. The latter sound (sz) will be obtained if in pronouncing the word dizzy the two letters di be changed to s."

Where the inverted apostrophe occurs after an initial letter the word is said to be aspirated, and it must be uttered with more force than it would be otherwise.

"Ow is to be pronounced throughout as in how; never as in low which would be expressed by lo.

"Ch must be pronounced as in church.

"All other vowels and consonants, separate or combined, to be pronounced strictly according to the requirements of the English Alphabet."

Letters appearing in brackets are not to be pronounced. The word is to be sounded as if that letter were dropped out.

Each word must be pronounced distinctly in Chinese, and in the exact tone in which the Chinese say it.

No breaks in the voice should be made between the words joined by hyphens, or at the best but little,—the pauses of the voice being made between those which are not joined thus. This pamphlet, of course, has no intention of doing away with a living instructor; for if it is of importance in the acquisition of French, German, Italian, and the other European languages, that one, who desires to have a correct pronunciation, should learn from the living voice, much more is it absurd to suppose that one can learn Chinese simply from books. And unskilled as the Chinese are in the art of imparting a knowledge of their own language to Foreigners, it is almost a sine qua non that the learner should have certain lines on which to work with his teacher, else the scholar has "a potentiality," to use one of Dr. Johnson's big words, of acquiring knowledge in the person of the teacher, but without a phrase book, or other help, it cannot be utilised. In other words, a Chinese sen sahng is like a deep well of water, and the student has to weary himself out with the labour of drawing out the knowledge, from a well of Chinese undefiled. The learner will therefore find it necessary to check his pronunciation by some Chinese, and he must not be surprised to find that many Hakkas pronounce many of the words in this book differently to the spelling given here, nor are the tones, in which each word is uttered, the same in different parts of the country; for, unfortunately, the wave of confusion which swept from the tower of Babel seems to be still dashing and roaring with all its pristine force in Eastern Asia. It is said there are as many different dialects, sub-dialects and local patois in China as there are days in the year. Be this as it may, there is a sufficient number to add to the difficulties of the acquisition of any dialect.

I cannot pretend to hope that the book, simple as it is, will be found to be free from all error; for what book is there, let it be prepared by as eminent a sinologist as you like, but in which a few hours search will discover not a few mistakes? If this pamphlet will prove as useful to a beginner in the Hakka Dialect as its prototype (Giles' Hand-book of Swatow) proved to me, in my commencement of the study of the Swatow dialect, the labour spent on it will not have been of no avail.

J. DYER BALL,

H. M.'s Civil Service.

Hongkong, 21st May, 1881.

THE NUMERALS.

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1.	Yit.
2.	Nyee.
3.	Sahm.
4.	See.
5.	Ng.
6.	Look.
7.	Ts'eet.
8.	Paht.
9.	Keeoo.
10.	Ship.
11.	Ship yit.
12.	Ship nyee.
13.	Ship sahm, and so on
20.	Nyee-ship or nyip.
21.	Nyee-ship-yit, or nyip yit.
22.	Nyee-ship-nyee or nyip nyee, and so on.
30.	Sahm-ship, or sah.
31.	Sahm-ship-yit or sah-yit.
40.	See-ship.
79.	Ts'eet-ship-keeoo.
94.	Keeoo-ship-see.
100.	Yit-pahk.
101.	Yit-pahk-lahng-yit.
102.	Yit-pahk-lahng-nyee.
110.	Yit-pahk-yit-ship, or Yit-pahk-yit, or pahk-yit.
111.	Yit-pahk-yit-ship-yit.
200.	Nyee-pahk.
300.	Sahm-pahk.
1000.	Yit-ts'en.
1001.	Yit-ts'en-lahng-yit-chahk.
10,000.	Yit-wahn.
100,000.	Ship-wahn.

LESSON I.—Domestic.

1. Bring tea.
2. Get dinner (or any meal).
3. Call the coolie.
4. I want to bathe.
5. There is no water (lit. no water).
6. Have you had your rice?
7. Is there any beef?
8. There is no beef.
9. There is mutton.
10. Bring some bread.
11. Bring some hot water.
12. I don't want wine.
13. Call the cook.
14. He hasn't come back yet.
15. Is there any milk?
16. There is a little.
17. Is it good?
18. Not very good.
19. Put it here.
20. These are fowls' eggs.
21. They are not very large.
22. Small ones are better than large ones.
23. Is this good to eat?
24. It is (good to eat).
25. Are there any fowls?
26. What is this?
27. Is there any more?
28. The cook has come.
29. Does he smoke opium?
30. I don't know certainly.
31. Who is he?
32. He is a Chinaman.

LESSON I.—Domestic.

1. Poong ts'ah loy (or Keeahm ts'ah loy).
2. He ts'on. (Bring &c.) Poong ts'on loy.
3. Hahm kon-teeahm loy.
4. Ngi oy say shin.
5. Mow shooee.
6. Nyee shit-fahn m-ts'en? (In English, How do you do? i.e. Have you eaten your meal?)
7. Yeeoo nyeeoo-nyook mow?
8. Mow nyeeoo-nyook.
9. Yeeoo yong-nyook.
10. Tsah (or keeahm) men-pow loy.
11. Ch'ah (or keeahm) nyet (or show) shooee loy.
12. M-oy tseeoo (lit. Don't want wine).
13. Hahm foh-t'eu loy.
14. Key m-ts'en chon-loy.
15. Yeeoo nyeeoo-nen mow?
16. Yeeoo teet-tsz, or Hahn-yeeoo teet-tsz, or Yit-teet-tsz.
17. How m how?
18. M-hay ship-foon how.
19. Fong-hah nyah-t'ahng.
20. Nyah-teu hay ki-ch'oon.
21. Mow key t'ie-tsz.
22. Say-ki how-koh t'ie-ki.
23. Nyah-teu how-shit m?
24. How-shit.
25. Yeeoo ki mow?
26. Nyah-teu hay muck-ki?
27. Hahn-yeeoo mow?
28. Foh-t'eu loy loh.
29. Key hay-shit ah-p'en-yen-ki hay-m-hay?
30. M-tee-tet-t'een, or m-tee-tet shit-ts'i.
31. Key hay nah-hah?
32. Key hay T'ong-nyin.

LESSON II.—General.

1. Come here.
2. Who has come?
3. No one has come.
4. Who is that?
5. I don't know.
6. He's not a good man.
7. Tell him to go away.
8. Open the door.
9. Shut the door.
10. Call the boy (servant).
11. Come quickly.
12. Where's the coolie?
13. Has he come?
14. Call him back.
15. Come to-morrow.
16. He needn't come back.
17. He can't come.
18. Get another (man).
19. He doesn't wish to come.
20. Come with me.
21. How many men are there?
22. More than ten.
23. Altogether there are sixty men.
24. Are there any children?
25. This is a boy.
26. Is this a boy, or a girl?
27. He is in my employ.
28. Who is your master?
29. He is a Hakka.
30. He is not a fellow-villager of yours.
31. Where does he live?
32. A long way from here.

LESSON II.—General.

1. Loy nyah-lea, or simply loy.
2. Nah-hah nyin loy? or Nah-hah loy?
3. Mow-nyin loy.
4. Ki-chahk hay nah-hah?
5. M-tea (lit. don't know).
6. Key m-hay how nyin, or key hay m-how nyin.
7. Hahm key tseu.
8. Hoy moon.
9. Ts'on moon.
10. Hahm she-tsi loy.
11. Fie-tea loy.
12. Kon-teeahm ts'oy nigh-lea?
13. Yeeoo loy mow?
14. Hahm key chon-loy.
15. Mean-tsow-nyit loy, or shin-tsow-nyit loy.
16. Key m-sz chon-loy loh.
17. Key m-loy-tet.
18. Hahm p'et-nyee-sah loy.
19. Key m-seeong loy.
20. Low ngi loy.
21. Yeeoo key-toh nyin?
22. Ship-lahng-ki, or ship-chahk yeeoo toh.
23. K'eeoong-ts'eeoo yeeoo look-ship nyin.
24. Yeeoo say-tsz yeeoo-mow?
25. Nyah-chahk hay ah-tseuow-tsi.
26. Nyah-chahk hay lie-tsz, hahn-chee hay moy-tsz ?
27. Key hay ngah-foh-key (tah-koong foh-key).
28. Nah-hah hay nyah-she-t'eu?
29. Key-hay Hahk-nyin.
30. Key m-hay low-nyee k'eeoong-wooee-ki.
31. Key ts'i nigh-t'ahng ch'ew?
32. Kahk nyah-t'ahng how-yen.

LESSON III.—General.

1. What o'clock is it?
2. Half-past ten.
3. Come back at four o'clock.
4. Tell him to wait.
5. Come by and bye.
6. At what o'clock do you dine?
7. When do you breakfast?
8. It's very hot to-day.
9. It's not very hot.
10. It was very hot yesterday as well.
11. To-day is hotter than yesterday.
12. Next month will be cold.
13. To-morrow is the end of the month.
14. It was very cold last night.
15. Is this a long, or short month?
16. There was a typhoon some days ago.
17. Is there any wind now?
18. It's raining now.
19. Bring me an umbrella.
20. It rains heavily in summer (or hot weather).
21. Are there (or were there) any people in the streets?
22. I want to go out in the afternoon.
23. Call the coolies to come and carry the chair.
24. Are there any horses here?
25. I think they are not good.
26. I dare not go out in the daytime.
27. It's too hot.
28. Call some one to pull the punkah.
29. You needn't pull it.
30. I am in a perspiration.
31. It's no matter.
32. I'm afraid I shall catch cold.

LESSON III.—General.

1. Key-toh teeahm-choong?
2. Ship-teeahm pahn.
3. See-teeahm-choong chon-loy.
4. Hahm key ten-hah.
5. Mahn-mahn loy.
6. Nyee key-toh teeahm-choong shit-yah?
7. Nyee key-she shit-chow?
8. Kim-nyit how-nyet.
9. M-hay ship-foon-nyet.
10. Ts'ahm-poo-nyit too-how-nyet-tsz.
11. Kim-nyit nyet-koh ts'ahm-poo-nyit.
12. T'ea-nyee-chahk-nyet how-lahng loh.
13. Shin-tsow-nyit hay nyet-mooee.
14. Ts'ahm-poo-yah how-lahng.
15. Nyah-chahk-nyet-t'ie, hahn-chee nyet-seeow?
16. Sen-key-nyit tah-foong-ts'i.
17. Kin-hah yeeoo-foong mow?
18. Kin-hah lock-shooee.
19. Tsah pah-chah peen-ngi.
20. T'en-nyet lock t'ie-shooee.
21. Ki-shong yeeoo-nyin mow?
22. Hah-choo ngi-oy ch'oot-ki.
23. Hahm k'eeow-foo loy t'oy k'eeow.
24. Nyah-lea yeeoo-mah mow?
25. Ngi t'o(r)n tow too-m-hay how-ki.
26. Nyit-shin-t'eu ngi m-kahm ch'oot-he.
27. Nyet-koh-t'eu.
28. Hahm nyin loy ch'ah-foong-shen.
29. Nyee m-sz ch'ah-loh.
30. Ngi ch'oot-hon.
31. Mow seeong-con.
32. Ngi k'ong lahng-tow.

LESSON IV.—General.

1. What is this?
2. This is butter.
3. Is there any fruit?
4. There are two kinds.
5. What kinds?
6. There are plantains and pine-apples.
7. Are there any other kinds?
8. There are no other kinds.
9. Bring me a light.
10. Have any letters come?
11. Where did this letter come from?
12. This came from the Tek-kee hong.
13. Is there any answer?
14. There is no answer.
15. Bring me a chair.
16. Put it on the table.
17. When did this come?
18. When did you come?
19. Bring me a pen and ink.
20. There is a pencil up stairs.
21. Is there anyone down stairs?
22. This house has seven rooms.
23. Has it a garden?
24. It has a small one.
25. Where is your master?
26. He is out.
27. When will he be back?
28. He didn't say.
29. Is your mistress at home?
30. She went out with my master.
31. When your master comes, tell him.
32. I will come again to-morrow.

LESSON IV.—General.

1. Nyah-teu hay mahk-ki?
2. Nyah-teu hay nyeeoo-yeeoo.
3. Yeeoo koh-tsz mow?
4. Yeeoo leeong-yong.
5. Leeong-pen-yong ki? or mahk-ki-yong ki?
6. Yeeoo ngah-tseeow, yeeoo poh-loh.
7. Hahn-yeeoo p'et-nyee-yong mow?
8. Mow t'ea-nyee-yong loh.
9. Tsah foh loy.
10. Yeeoo sin loy mow?
11. Nyah foong-sin nigh-t'ahng loy ki?
12. Hay-ts'oy Tet-kee-hong loy ki.
13. Yeeoo fooee-yim mow?
14. Mow fooee-yim-loh.
15. Teu chong-ye-loy peen-ngi.
16. Fong-ts'i t'oy-shong.
17. Nyah-teu key-she loy ki?
18. Nyee key-she loy?
19. Keeahm peet, met loy peen-ngi.
20. Leu-shong yeeoo-chee-yen-peet.
21. Leu-hah yeeoo-nyin mow?
22. Nyah-kahn-wook yeeoo-ts'eet-chahk-fong.
23. Yeeoo fah-yen mow?
24. Yeeoo chahk say-ki.
25. Nyah she-t'eu ts'oy nigh-t'ahng?
26. Key ch'oot-hoy ki.
27. Key key-she chon-loy?
28. Mow-wah.
29. Nyah-she-t'eu-p'oh ts'oy wook-k'ah m?
30. Key t'oong she-t'eu ch'oot-ki.
31. She-t'eu chon-loy wah-key-tea.
32. Ngi mean-tsow-nyit yeeoo loy.

LESSON V.—General.

1. What does he say?
2. He says he has no money.
3. Give him some.
4. Can you read?
5. I can't read.
6. Request the teacher to come.
7. What is your honourable Surname?
8. (To an inferior) what is your Surname?
9. Can you talk Chinese?
10. I can; what's your name?
11. I am a Chinaman.
12. He is an Englishman.
13. You are not a native of the place.
14. He is a man from Kayingchow.
15. There are many Chinese at Singapore.
16. Do you like this?
17. Do you like being here?
18. I do (like it).
19. Tell him to go back.
20. Seize this man.
21. What has he been doing? or what does he do?
22. He is a thief.
23. What has he stolen?
24. He has stolen nothing now.
25. Has he struck anybody?
26. He has he's a dangerous man.
27. He has been doing something wrong.
28. He ought to be punished.
29. Take him to prison for a fortnight.
30. Afterwards give him twenty blows.
31. When he has been beaten, let him go.
32. Warn him not to do it again.

LESSON V.—General.

1. Key-wah mahk-ki?
2. Key-wah key-mow-nyoon.
3. Peen-teu koh-key.
4. Nyee shit-sz m?
5. Ngi m-shit-sz.
6. Ts'eeahng sen-sahng loy.
7. Cow seeahng?
8. Nyee seeahng mahk-ki?
9. Nyee foi(l)-kong T'ong-wah m?
10. Foi(l). Nyee hahm-tso mahk-ki meeahng? (or politely), Tsoon-sz ah?
11. Ngi hay T'ong-nyin.
12. Key hay Yeen-kwet-nyin.
13. Nyee m-hay poon-t'oo-nyin.
14. Key hay Kah-yin-cheeoo-nyin.
15. Sin-ka-poh yeeoo how-toh T'ong-nyin,
16. Nyee choong-ye nyah-teu m?
17. Nyee choong-ye ts'i-nyah-lea ?
18. Choong-ye.
19. Hahm key chon-he.
20. Lie nyah-chahk-nyin.
21. Key hay-tsoh mahk-ki.
22. Key hay-tsoh ts'et-low-ki.
23. Key t'eu mahk-ki toong-see?
24. Key kin-hah mow-t'eu toong-see.
25. Key yeeoo tah-nyin mow?
26. Yeeoo: key hay how-h'eeahm-ki.
27. Key hay tsoh ts'oh-sz.
28. Yeen-tong oy faht key.
29. Lie-key ts'oh-leeong-chahk lea-pie kahm.
30. Heu-loy tah-key leeong-ship-t'en.
31. Tah-hoy, cheeoo-fong key.
32. Keen-ki key m-how ts'i-tsoh.

LESSON VI.—Relationships.

1. Who are you?
2. He is my father.
3. Have you a mother?
4. When did you marry ?
5. More than ten years ago.
6. How many children have you?
7. I have several.
8. How old is the eldest?
9. The eldest is a girl.
10. Is she married?
11. How many brothers have you?
12. One elder brother, one younger.
13. Have you any sister?
14. I have one elder sister and one younger.
15. Are you married?
16. I am engaged, but not married yet?
17. When are you going to be married?
18. It is not fixed yet.
19. I think I shall get married next year.
20. Why is this child crying?
21. He is hungry.
22. Give him something to eat. (lit. Give him to eat).
23. Call the nurse to carry him.
24. Take him out for a walk.
25. He's unwilling to come.
26. Never mind whether he's willing or not.
27. This is my nephew.
28. Is he a native of the place ?
29. What does he come here for ?
30. He has come to buy things.
31. When is he going back?
32. In two or three days.

LESSON VI.—Relationships.

1. Nyee hay nah-hah nyin?
2. Key hay ngah Ah-pah.
3. Nyee yeeoo Ah-me mow?
4. Nyee key-she che-kah?
5. Yeeoo ship-key-nyen:
6. Nyee yeeoo key-toh taz-ng?
7. Yeeoo sahm-leeong-chahk.
8. Ki-chahk t'ie-ki yeeoo key-toh-soy?
9. T'ie-ki hay moi-tsz.
10. Fong-shahng m-ts'en ?
11. Nyee yeeoo key-toh h'eoong-t'ea?
12. Yit-chahk Ah-koh, yit-chahk low-t'ie.
13. Yeeoo tsee-moy mow?
14. Ngi yeeoo-chahk Ah-tseeah, yeeoo-chahk low-moy.
15. Nyee ts'ee-low-p'oh m ts'en?
16. Ngi t'een-tow, m-ts'en ts'ee.
17. Nyee key-she ts'ee ?
18. M-ts'en t'een-t'aut.
19. Ngi coo ch'oot-nyen ts'eeoo-ts'ee.
20. Nyah-chahk Ah-ts'eeow tsoh-mah keeow?
21. Key too-p'aht-ngoh.
22. Peen key shit.
23. Hahm nigh-ma lahm-key.
24. Tie-key ch'oot-he hahng.
25. Key m-hen loy.
26. M-loon key hen-m-hen.
27. Nyah-chahk hay ngah ch'it-tsz.
28. Key hay t'oo-nyin m-hay ah?
29. Key tsoh-mahk-ki loy nyah-lea?
30. Key-loy my toong-see.
31. Key key-she chon-he?
32. Sahm-leong-nyit.

LESSON VII.—Opposites.

1. This man is very tall.
2. I am shorter (than he).
3. That cow is fat.
4. This sheep is thin.
5. This string is too long.
6. The thread is too short; it's not enough.
7. This is a very large house.
8. The road is too narrow for walking.
9. This chair is strong.
10. This table is very weak.
11. He (his body) is very strong.
12. I am weaker than he.
13. This table-cloth is wet.
14. Dry it, and bring it back.
15. This rock is very hard.
16. My pillow is very soft.
17. Your hands are dirty.
18. You had better wash them clean.
19. I want hot water.
20. I don't want cold water.
21. The sea is very deep.
22. Rivers are more shallow.
23. It's very far by water.
24. By land it's nearer by half.
25. The bananas are not ripe yet.
26. These (coolie) oranges are too unripe.
27. I don't want the eggs too much cooked.
28. I want to eat the oysters raw.
29. There are a great many water-buffalos.
30. There are very few goats.
31. He is a very clever fellow.
32. You are very stupid.

LESSON VII.—Opposites.

1. Nyah-chahk nyin how cow-t'ie.
2. Ngi koh-ai.
3. Ki-chahk-nyeeoo lep(t) awe.
4. Nyah-chahk men-yong seu.
5. Nyah-t'eeow sawk ch'ong-koh-t'eu.
6. Nyah-t'eeow sen to(r)n-kok-t'eu, m-keu-sz.
7. Nyah-kahn-wook how t'ie-kahn.
8. Nyah-t'eeow-loo tet-koh-k'eeahp m-hahng-tet.
9. Nyah-chong-ye choo-coo-ki.
10. Nyah-chong-t'oy how-foh-ki.
11. Keeah shin-t'ea how-tsong-k'en.
12. Ngi nyon-nyok koh-key.
13. Nyah-k'wi t'oy-poo ship.
14. Sigh-kon (or sigh tsow)-key, tsah-chon-loy.
15. Nyah-chahk-shahk how-ngahn.
16. Ngah-nyah-chak chim-t'eu lem poot poot lea.
17. Nyah tooee-shoo-law-soh.
18. Nyee-how say lahng-lea-key.
19. Ngi-oy show-shooee.
20. Ngi m-oy lahng-shooee.
21. T'ie-hoy how-ch'im.
22. Hoh hay ts'en-koh t'ie-hoy.
23. Shooee-loo how-yen.
24. Tah-ngahng-he yeeoo yit-pahn kahn-yen.
25. Ki-teu ngah-tseeow mahng wong.
26. Nyah-teu ch'ang ship-foon ts'eeahng.
27. Ki-teu ki-ch'oon m-oy shook-koh-t'eu.
28. Ki-teu how oy-shit sahng.
29. Yeeoo how-toh-shooee-nyeeoo.
30. Ts'ow-yong how-show.
31. Key hay how ts'oong-mean-ki.
32. Nyee-hay how-nyee-ch'oon-ki.

LESSON VIII.—Monetary.

1. One dollar.
2. A dollar and a half.
3. Half a dollar.
4. Over a dollar.
5. This "nyoon" is very difficult to pronounce.
6. Do you say so?
7. That is easier.
8. A dollar is divided into ten "how," (ten-cent pieces).
9. One "how" is divided into ten cents.
10. Ten dollars and sixty-six cents.
11. One tael.
12. One tael is equal to about a dollar and a half.
13. Nine mace.
14. Nine cash.
15. One tael, seven mace, six candareens.
16. What is a dollar worth (lit. change) now in cash?
17. It is worth one thousand and forty cash.
18. How much wages do you want a month?
19. I want four dollars a month.
20. This is too much.
21. If I find my own food, it's not very much.
22. Of course you find yourself.
23. I can't take less, or do it for less, or I can't reduce my terms.
24. Have you ever done this work before?
25. I have done it once.
26. You ought not to spend this money.
27. You ought to send it home.
28. Does he gamble?
29. I think he does.
30. If he gambles, I shall not employ him.
31. You tell him what I say.
32. He says he won't dare do so again.

LESSON VIII.—Monetary.

1. Yit-chahk fah-pen, or yeet-chahk-nyoon.
2. Chahk-pahn nyoon-ts'en.
3. Pahn-chahk fah-pen.
4. Chahk-lahng fah-pen.
5. Nyah-chahk "nyoon"-sz how-nahn kon.
6. Nyee-hay kahn-yong-kong mah?
7. Ki-teu cow-yoong-ye.
8. Yit-chahk-nyoon foon ship-how.
9. Yit-how foon ship-sen.
10. Ship-chahk nyoon-ts'en koh look-how-look.
11. Yit-leeong-nyoon.
12. Yit-leeong-nyoon teang mow-key-tow ts'eeoo-hay chahk-pahn fah-pen.
13. Keeoo-ts'en nyoon.
14. Keeoo-chahk ts'en.
15. Yeet-leeong ts'eet-ts'en-look.
16. Kin-hah, yit-chahk nyoon-ts'en tsow key-toh-ts'en.
17. Tsow-tow yit-ts'en lahng see-ship.
18. Yit-chahk-nyet nyee-oy key-toh koong-nyoon?
19. Ngi-oy see-chahk fah-pen yit-chahk-nyet.
20. Toh-koh-t'eu.
21. Yok-sz hay shit-ngah-ki too-m-hay toh-koh-t'eu.
22. T'een-yen hay-shit taz-kah-ki.
23. M-kahm-tet loh.
24. Nyee tsoh-koh kahn-yong-ki koong-foo m-ts'en.
25. Ngi tsoh-koh shahng-pie.
26. Nyee m-coy-yoong nyah-teu-nyoon.
27. Nyee yin-tong key-chon wook-kah-he.
28. Key yeeoo too-ts'en mow? or key too-ts'en m?
29. Ngi coo-key p'ah-yeeoo.
30. Key hay too-ts'en-ki ngi ts'eeoo m-ts'eeahng key.
31. Tseong ngi shaw-kong-ki wah-key-tea.
32. Key-wah t'ea-nyee-pie m-kahm-tsoh.

LESSON IX.—Commercial.

1. How much is this?
2. How much„ is this?„ (lit. What's the price of this?)
3. It's too dear.
4. I shan't buy it.
5. Have you any cheaper ones?
6. This is cheaper.
7. How do you sell this?
8. Reduce your price.
9. Increase your offer.
10. You sell dear.
11. Is it good?
12. These are the best.
13. Have you any better ones?
14. Bring them (for me) to see.
15. If suitable I shall buy.
16. It does not matter if they are dearer.
17. There are none as good as these throughout Hongkong.
18. It's imitation.
19. No; it's genuine.
20. You don't know good from bad.
21. I am afraid it's old.
22. This is no use.
23. He wants too high a price.
24. You offer too little.
25. It will not pay cost price.
26. How long will it last ?
27. I guarantee it will last four years.
28. Is this a promissory note?
29. What's the capital and interest?
30. The interest is Three dollars per mensem.
31. (That's) very heavy interest.
32. No it's rather little interest.

LESSON IX.—Commercial.

1. Nyah-teu key-toh nyoon (or ts'en)?
2. Nyah-teu mahk-ki kah-ts'en?
3. Kwooee-koh-t'eu, or Tet-koh-kwooee.
4. Ngi m-my.
5. Yeeoo p'eeahn-teet-ki mow?
6. Nyah-teu cow-p'eeahng.
7. Nyah-teu yong-pen my?
8. Nyeee kahm-hah lah.
9. Nyee t'eeahm-teu.
10. Nyee my-kwooee.
11. How-m-how ah?
12. Nyah-teu che-how-ki loh.
13. Hahn-yeeoo cow-how-ki mow?
14. Keeahm-loy peen-ngi-c'on.
15. Hop-yoong, ngi ts'eeoo-my.
16. Kwooee-teu mow-seeong-con.
17. T'oong-Heeong-kong mow nyah-teu kahn-how-ki.
18. Hay kah-ki.
19. M-hay; hay chin-ki.
20. Nyee m-shit-how-ch'oo.
21. Ngi k'ong-p'ah hay k'eeoo-ki.
22. Nyah-teu mow-yoong-ki.
23. Key ts'ee-tet cow cow-kah.
24. Nyee peen-tow show-koh-t'eu.
25. M-keu-poon.
26. Sz-tet key-keeoo?
27. Ngi pow-nyee sz-tet see-nyen.
28. Nyah-chong hay ket-tahn m?
29. Poon-nyoon key-toh, lea-seet key-toh ?
30. Lea-seet sahm-chahk fah-pen yit-nyet.
31. How-ch'oong lea.
32. M-hay, lea hahn key-k'eeahng.

LESSON X.—Commercial.

1. What business does he do?
2. I am a general merchant.
3. Where is your hong?
4. What is it called (its style)?
5. How long have you been in business?
6. Call the compradore.
7. Have you made up your accounts?
8. I have not made them up clearly yet.
9. Every month you ought to make them up once.
10. This account is wrong.
11. It must be gone over again.
12. Has this money been shroffed (lit. looked at)?
13. Call the shroff to shroff them.
14. If there are any bad ones, go and change them.
15. Weigh these dollars.
16. Ten of them are a little light.
17. Call the accountant.
18. This is the manager.
19. Has he a share in the business?
20. What goods are these?
21. All miscellaneous goods.
22. Have they passed the Customs?
23. They have passed.
24. He wants to open a new shop.
25. I'm afraid he'll lose his money (lit. capital).
26. There's not much business here.
27. Where is his shop?
28. Put these goods in the godown.
29. To-morrow is Sunday; I shan't come.
30. When does the steamer leave?
31. How many passengers are there?
32. I want to send some letters (or a letter).

LESSON X.—Commercial.

1. Key tsoh mahk-ki sen-lea?
2. Ngi tsoh nahm-pet-hong-ki.
3. Nyah kahn-hong ts'i-nigh-t'ahng?
4. Hay mahk-ki sz-how?
5. Nyee tsoh sen-lea yeeoo-key-keeoo?
6. Hahm my-p'ahn loy.
7. Nyee sohn nyah-sz-mook m-ts'en?
8. Ngi m-ts'en-sohn ts'in-ts'oh.
9. Nyee yin-coy mooee-chahk-nyet sohn.
10. Nyah t'eeow-sz m-ch'ohk.
11. Oy sohn-koh.
12. Nyah-teu-nyoon c'on-koh m-ts'en?
13. Hahm c'on-nyoon sen-sahng loy-c'on.
14. Yeeoo m-how-ki oy wo(r)n-koh.
15. Tooee nyah-teu nyoon-ts'en.
16. Ship-chahk cow-k'eeahng-tit-tsz.
17. Hahm chon-k'wooee loy.
18. Nyah-chahk hay lea-sz-ki.
19. Key yeeoo foon-tsz-tsoh yeeoo-mow?
20. Nyah-teu hay mahk-ki-foh?
21. Wo(r)n-hay hay ta'ahp-foh.
22. Yeeoo koh-shoy mow?
23. Koh-shoy loh.
24. Key seeong-hoy yit-kahn sin-p'oo.
25. Ngi k'ong-p'ah key shet-poon.
26. Nyah-t'ahng mow mahk-ki sen-lea.
27. Keeah p'oo-t'eu ts'i-nigh-lea?
28. Nyah-teu-foh t'oy-lok foh-ts'ong he.
29. Mean-tsow-nyit lea-pie, ngi m-loy loh.
30. Foh-shon key-she hoy-shin?
31. Yeeoo key-toh tahp-hahk-ki?
32. Ngi oy key-sin-he.

LESSON XI.—Medical.

1. This man is a doctor.
2. How many doctors are there here?
3. Are there any Chinese doctors?
4. I am not very well to-day.
5. What is the matter with you?
6. My head aches.
7. Have you been sick?
8. I have not.
9. Have you anything else the matter?
10. I have also the stomach-ache.
11. This is not serious.
12. Take a little medicine.
13. What medicine ought I to take?
14. Wait till I get back to the hospital.
15. And I will send a man with some for you.
16. This man has fever.
17. I have fever and ague.
18. Is your throat dry?
19. It is.
20. Don't drink so much water.
21. Take a little chicken broth.
22. When the fever has gone it won't be dry.
23. Does he cough?
24. At times he does, at times he doesn't.
25. Does he drink?
26. I am afraid he smokes opium.
27. Perhaps he does.
28. He is a strong man.
29. Has he taken the stop-opium-pills?
30. He says they are no use.
31. How does he know if they are of use or not?
32. His disease can't be cured.

LESSON XI.—Medical.

1. Nyah-chahk hay-tsoh ye-sahng-ki.
2. Nyah-t'ahng yeeoo key-toh-chahk ye-sahng?
3. Yeeoo T'ong-nyin ye-sahng mow?
4. Ngi kim-nyit m-toh ta'z-yen.
5. Yeeoo mahk-ki p'eahng?
6. Ngi t'eu-nah t'oong.
7. Yeeoo eu mow?
8. Mow.
9. Hahn-yeeoo mahk-ki p'eeahng?
10. Ngi yeeoo too-p'aht-t'oong.
11. Nyah-teu hay seeow-sz.
12. Shit teu-yohk.
13. Ngi oy shit mahk-ki yok?
14. Ten-ngi chon-he ye-sahng-con.
15. Ngi ta'eeoo tah-faht nyin keeahm-loy peen-nyee.
16. Nyah-chahk-nyin tsohk-show (or tsohk-nyet).
17. Ngi po(r)t-lahng.
18. Nyah heu-len(d) tsow m?
19. Tsow.
20. M-how yim (or shit) kahn-toh-shooee.
21. Shit-ten ki-t'ong.
22. M-nyet ts'eeoo-m-tsow.
23. Key yeeoo-k'em mow?
24. Shahng-ha yeeoo, shahng-hah mow.
25. Key yeeoo-yim show-tseeoo-mow?
26. Ngi k'ohng-key p'ah-shit ah-p'en-yen.
27. Fit-chah hay.
28. Key-hay yeeoo-lit-ki nyin.
29. Key yeeoo-shit ki-yen-yen mow?
30. Key wah mow-yoong-ki.
31. Key yong-pen tea-tet yeeoo yoong-mow?
32. Keeah-p'eeahng m-ye-tet-how.

LESSON XII.—Ecclesiastical.

1. This is a convent.
2. Are there any priests?
3. There are no priests; there are priestesses.
4. How many are there?
5. Over twenty.
6. What do they do?
7. Read the Sutras.
8. That is a temple.
9. Is it a Buddhist on a Taoist (temple)?
10. It is a Buddhist temple.
11. What is the difference?
12. There is a great difference.
13. Do priests live here?
14. There are no priests at a temple.
15. He is a missionary.
16. Have you become a convert?
17. I have not.
18. Is there a chapel here?
19. There are two.
20. Are they Prostestant or Catholic?
21. One is Protestant.
22. The other (lit. one) is Catholic.
23. Who are the Catholic Missionaries?
24. They are all Frenchmen.
25. Have they families?
26. They have no families.
27. They are not allowed to marry.
28. They wear Chinese clothes.
29. They eat Chinese food.
30. What is the intention in this?
31. They want to be like Chinamen.
32. Is there any other meaning?

LESSON XII.—Ecclesiastical.

1. Nyah-kahn hay (h)um-t'ong.
2. Yeeoo woh-shong mow?
3. Mow woh-shong, yeeoo knee-coo.
4. Yeeoo key-toh ?
5. Yeeoo long-ship key-chahk.
6. Key tsoh mahk-ki?
7. Nyeeahm-keen.
8. Ki-kahn hay meeow-t'ong.
9. Hay Foot-kah, hahn-chee hay T'ow-kah-ki?
10. Hah Foot-kah-ki.
11. Yeeoo mahk-ki foon-p'et?
12. Yeeoo how-t'ie foon-p'et.
13. Yeeoo woh-shong ts'i nyah-t'ahng-ch'oo mow ?
14. Meeow mow woh-shong.
15. Key hay kong Yah-sz-ki.
16. Nyee hay nyip-cow-ki hay-m?
17. M-hay.
18. Nyah-t'ahng yeeoo lea-pie-t'ong mow?
19. Yeeoo leeong-kahn.
20. Hay Yah-sz-cow hahng-chee hay T'en-choo-cow-ki?
21. Yit-kahn hay Yah-sz-cow-ki.
22. Yit-kahn hay T'en-choo-cow-ki.
23. Shin-foo hay nigh-t'ahng-ki-nyin?
24. Ken-too hay Foot-lahn-see-nyin.
25. Yeeoo kah-ken mow?
26. Mow kah-ken.
27. M-choon key ts'ee-low-p'oh.
28. Key p'ahn-T'ong-tsong.
29. Key shit T'ong-nyin-soong.
30. Kahn-yong-tsoh yeeoo mahk-ki yen-coo?
31. Key seeong hok-low T'ong-nyin yit-yong.
32. Hahn-yeeoo mahk-ki ye-sz mow?

LESSON XIII.—Nautical.

1. This is a steamer.
2. That is a sailing vessel.
3. There is no wind to-day.
4. How many passengers are there on board?
5. Are there a thousand passengers ?
6. They are all Chinese.
7. Where are they going to?
8. They are going to Singapore.
9. When shall we reach port?
10. This vessel can go very fast.
11. How many li will it go in an hour?
12. It will go over thirty li.
13. This is the Captain.
14. Steamers don't use sails.
15. How much coal do you use per diem?
16. It depends upon the speed of the ship.
17. If she goes fast more is used;
18. If she goes slow then a smaller quantity.
19. Where is the chief officer?
20. He is on deck.
21. Is this a passage boat, or a ferry-boat?
22. It is a fishing boat: this is a passage boat.
23. Where's the women's cabin?
24. Call the carpenter.
25. Tell him to mend this door.
26. It has no lock.
27. The key has been lost.
28. Make another one.
29. At what time do you have breakfast?
30. How many sailors are there?
31. What's the capacity of the vessel? (with regard to goods and passengers).
32. 1,000 piculs and 100 odd passengers.

LESSON XIII.—Nautical.

1. Nyah-chahk hay fob-shon.
2. Ki-chahk hay kahp-pahn-shon.
3. Kim-nyit mow foong.
4. Shon-shong yew key-toh tahp-hahk-ki?
5. Yeeoo yit-ts'en hahk mow?
6. Wo(r)n-hah hay T'ong-nyin.
7. He nigh-t'ahng ki?
8. He Sin-kah-poh.
9. Key-she tow-feu knee?
10. Nyah-chahk-shon hahng-tet how-k'wi.
11. Yit teeahm-choong hahng-tet key-tow lea-loo tow?
12. Sahm-ship-key lea.
13. Nyah-chahk hay shon-choo,
14. Foh-shon m-sz lea.
15. Yit-nyit show key-toh t'ahn?
16. C'on key k'wi mahn.
17. Key hahng-k'wi ts'eeoo-oy sz toh-teu.
18. Hay mahn ts'eeoo-show show-teu.
19. T'ie-foh ts'i nigh t'ahng?
20. Key-ts'i shon-men.
21. Nyah-chahk hay t'oo, hahn-chee hay wahng-shooee-t'oo?
22. Hay t'oh-shon; nyah-chahk hay t'oo-shon.
23. Nyee-ts'ong t'si-nigh-t'ahng?
24. Hahm mook-seeong sz-foo loy.
25. Hahm key cheen-chon ki-t'oo-moon-he.
26. Mow soh.
27. Soh-see m-ken-hoy.
28. Chin-koh p'et-nyee-t'eeow.
29. Nyee key-shee shit-chow?
30. Yeeoo key-toh shooee-shoo?
31. Chong-tet key-toh foh; chong-tet key-toh nyin?
32. Chong-tet ts'en tahm; chong-tet pahk-lahng-nyin.

LESSON XIV.—Judicial.

1. I want to summons this man.
2. He is a thief, and has stolen things of mine.
3. Have you any witnesses?
4. I have witnesses; they haven't come yet.
5. Issue subpoenas for them to come.
6. Where is the constable?
7. He is at the Gaol.
8. This is the Yamen.
9. What Yamen?
10. The Consul's Yamen (Consulate).
11. Who is the present Consul?
12. Mr. F. (lit. Mr. Buddha).
13. Take this bottle to the Chief Justice.
14. To-day a man came with a petition.
15. Your evidence is not believed.
16. Where are the plaintiff and defendant?
17. Present your petition now to His Lordship.
18. You are both wrong.
19. Give him back the petition.
20. To-morrow I shall issue a Proclamation.
21. Forbidding people to gamble.
22. If they don't obey it, they will certainly be punished.
23. The Puisné Judge has come.
24. I have business to-day.
25. I have never done it.
26. Everybody knows.
27. Don't tell any lies.
28. His evidence is not true.
29. Did you see (this) yourself? (lit. with your own eyes).
30. He does not know about it himself.
31. How does he know about it?
32. He heard people talking about it.

LESSON XIV.—Judicial.

1. Ngi oy cow nyah-chahk nyin.
2. Key hay ts'et, t'eu hoy ngah-ki toong-see.
3. Nyee yeeoo chin-nyin mow?
4. Ngi yeeoo tsoh-chin-ki; m ts'en loy.
5. Ch'oot p'eeow hahm chin-nyin loy.
6. Ts'i-nyin ts'i nigh-t'ahng?
7. Key ts'i kahm-fong.
8. Nyah-kahn hay ngah-moon.
9. Mahk-ki ngah-moon?
10. Leeahng-sz-kon-ki ngah-moon.
11. Heën-hah nah-hah tsoh leeahng-sz-kon?
12. Hay Foot T'ie-nyin.
13. Ch'ah nyah chahk tsoon he peen On-tsaht-sz.
14. Kim-nyit yeeoo nyin ch'ah chong-peen loy.
15. Nyah heu-keeoong m-yip-sin.
16. Nyen-cow, p'ea-cow ts'i-nigh-t'ahng?
17. Kin-hah nyah chon-peen peen T'ie-nyin.
18. Nyah leeong-hah too yeeoo-ts'oh.
19. Peen-chon chong-peen key.
20. Mean-tsow-nyit ngi ch'oot cow-she.
21. Kim-chee nyin m-how too-ts'en.
22. Key m-ts'eeoong, tseeoo oy p'ahn key.
23. Foo-nyeeahp-sz loy loh.
24. Ngi kim-nyit yeeoo-sz.
25. Ngi m-ts'en tsoh-ko.
26. Ken-nyin too-tea.
27. M-how kong t'ie wah, or m-how kong p'ahng wah.
28. Keeah heu keeoong m-hay cheen-ki.
29. Nyee ts'in-ngahn c'on tow hay-m-hay?
30. Key ts'ee-kah m-tea.
31. Key leeong pen tea-tet?
32. Key t'ahng nyin kong.

GRAMMAR.

Substantives and Adjectives are not declined: the same word expresses both the singular and the plural.

Pronouns:

I, me Ngi. My, mine Ngah-ki. We, us Ngi-teu. Our, ours

Ngi-teu-ki. Ngah-teu-ki. Thou, thee Nyee. Thy, thine Nyah-ki. You (pl.) Nyah-teu. Your, yours

Nyee-tue-ki. Nyah-teu-ki. He, she, it, him, her Key. His, her, hers, its Keeah-ki. They, them Key-teu. Their, theirs

Key-teu-ki. Keeah-teu-ki.

Verbs remain the same in all moods, tenses, numbers and per- sons. These distinctions are shewn by the addition of certain auxilliary verbs, as follows:—

To come	Loy.
He has come	Key loy-loh.
He came yesterday	Key ts'am-poo-nyit loy.
Has he come?	Key loy-m-ts'en?
He isn't coming	Key m-loy.
He doesn't want to come	Key m-oy-loy.
He can't come	Key m-loy-tet.
Why hasn't he come yet?	Tsoh mahk-ki key m-ts'en loy?
Is he coming?	Key loy-m-loy?
You needn't come	Nyee m-sz-loy.
Don't you come!	M-how-loy!

VOCABULARY.

A
Ability	Nen kon.
Able to, to be	Foy
Accounts, to make up	Son sze.
Accuse, to	Cow.
Advantage	Yit.
Afraid, to be	K'ong; k'ong p'ah; wooee.
Afternoon	Hah cheeoo; hah ng.
Afterwards	Heu loy; mooee heu.
Again	Yeeoo hay.
Agreement	Hahp t'oong.
Ague, fever and	Po(r)t lahng; ch'ow hon chin.
All	Wo(r)n hah; loong tsoong.
Already	Key yen.
Also	Too; yeeoo.
Although	Sooee yen.
Amah	Lie mah.
America	Mooee kwet; Fah k'ey kwet.
Anchor, to	Pow nau.
Anchor, to weigh	Kau nau.
Animals	K'im ch'oo.
Animals domestic	Hyouk sang; t'eu sang.
Angry	Aht he.
Another	P'et ki; p'et nyee ki.
Answer, an	Fooee yim.
Anything	Mahk ki.
Ask, to	Moon.
Ask leave of absence, to	Cow kah.
B
Bad	M how; awk.
Bag	T'oy.
Baggage	Hahng lee.
Bait	H'eën.
Bale (of goods)	Pow.
Ball	K'eeoo, or paw.
Bamboo	Chook.
Bananas	Heung tseeow.
Basket	Lahm; law; lep; sow.
Bath-tub	Seh shin p'oon.
Bathe, to	Seh shin; t'eu leeong.
Be, to	Hay.
Bear, can't ——— it	M tiee tet.
Because	Yin wooee.
Bed	Meen ts'ong; ts'ong.
Bed-clothes	P'ea coy.
Bed-room	Shoy-fong.
Beef	Nyeeoo-nyook.
Before (time)	Sen; sen t'eu.
Before(place)	Men ts'en.
Begin, to	Hoy sheeoo; he sheeoo; h'een koong.
Beginning	Ch'ee ch'oh.
Behind	Heu poy; mooee heu.
Below	Ha poy.
Besides	Lahng ngoy.
Better	Ken cow how; cow how.
Bill	Tahn.
Bird	Teeow.
Bite, to	Ngow.
Black	Woo; woo set; woo-too-too-lee.
Blow out, to	Chooee woo.
Blowing, it is	Tah fung.
Blue	Lahm.
Board	Pahn.
Boat	Shon; te'ahng.
Boatman	Te'ahn kah.
Body	Wo(r)n shin.
Boiling	Kwoon; pooee.
Bones	Kwoot; kwoot t'eu.
Book	Shoo.
Book-case	Shoo kw'ooee.
Book-shelves	Shoo kah.
Boots	Heeoh.
Borrow, to	Tseeah.
Bottle	Tsoon.
Box	Seeong; (small box) hahp tsai; (trunk) loong.
Boy (servant)	She tsai.
Bread	Men pow.
Breakfast	Chow ts'on.
Breakfast, to take	Shit chow.
Brick	Chawn.
Bridge	K'eeow.
Bring	Keeahm.
Broad	Faht.
Brothers	Heeoong t'ee (elder) ah koh; (younger) low t'ie.
Brush	Soh; ts'aht.
Bucket (water)	Shooee t'oong.
Bundle	Pow.
Burn	Show; show tow.
Business	Sz; sz kon.
Business of mine, no	M kwahn ngi sz.
Busy	Yeeoo sz.
Butter	Ngeeoo you.
Buttons	Neu.
Bug	Kon pea; mook seet.
Buy	My.
By and by	Mahn-mahn-tsz.
C
Cabin (sleeping)	Shon fong.
Cake	Peeahng,
Calico	(White) P'ahk yong poo; (print) yin fah-poo.
Call, to	Hahm.
Can do	Tsoh tet.
Candareen	Foon.
Candle	(wax) Lahp chook; (tallow) nyeeoo yeeoo chook.
Cap	Mow.
Captain (ship)	Shon choo.
Care, take	Seeow sim.
Cargo	Foh woot.
Carpenter	Mook seong.
Carpet	T'ea chen.
Carry, to (a child)	Lahm; (on back) pah.
Carry,„ to„ (a chair)	T'oy.
Cart	Ch'ah.
Cash	Ts'en.
Cat	Meeow.
Catty	Keen.
Certainly	T'een yen.
Chair	Ye; (armed) cow ye.
Chair„ (sedan)	K'eeow.
Chair-bearer	K'eeow foo.
Change, to	Wo(r)n; (a word) coy; (money) tsow.
Charcoal	Heong t'ahn.
Cheap	P'eeahng; p'en ye.
Chicken	K(h)igh ts'ai.
Child	(boy) Ah tseeow tsai (girl) ah tseeow moy.
China (the country)	Choong kwet.
Chinese	T'ong nyin.
Chop, a	Sz how.
Christian, a	Shin fooee nyin; tseen cow ki.
Cigar	Lee soong yen.
City, a	Shang.
Clean	Lahng lee.
Clear	(of liquids) Ts'een; (of speech) mean p'ahk.
Clever	Ts'oong mean; lahng lee; ts'een.
Cloth	Poo; (woollen) yoong.
Clothes	Sahm foo; ye shong; ye fook.
Clumsy	Ts'z seeook.
Coal	Moy t'ahn; sha(r)k t'ahn.
Coarse	Ts'z.
Cold	Lahng; (a cold) shong foong p'ea set.
Collar	Foong leahng.
Colour	Set shooee.
Comb, to	Saw.
Come, to	Loi.
Come„ back, to	Chon loi.
Compass, a	Loh kang; loh p'ahn.
Compensate, to	P'oy poo; poo chon.
Comprador	My p'ahn.
Confucius	K'oong-foo-tsz.
Confused	Lawn.
Constable	Ts'ai yeet; (police) ts'ai nyin; (vulgar) look ye.
Cook, a	Fo(r) t'eu.
Cooked (not raw)	Shook.
Cook-house	Ch‘oo fong.
Cool	Leong; leong song.
Copper	T'oong; foong t'oong; shook t'oong.
Copy, to	Ts'au.
Cork, a	Tsoon tsoot.
Cork-screw	Loh sz tson.
Cotton	(Men fah; (tree) mook men; (yarn) men sah; (cloth) men poo.
Courage	Tahm.
Cover, a	Coy.
Cover,„ to	K'ep.
Crack, a	Lah.
Crack,„ to	Pow; pow t'eeow ts'ahk.
Credit, on	Ch'ah.
Crab	High; (small) p'ahng p'ea high.
Cry	Keeow.
Cup	Pooee; (tea-cup) ts'a pooee.
Cupboard	Cow ch'oo; k'ey ch'oo.
Curtains (mosquito)	Moon chong.
Cushion	Teeahp t'eu.
Custom, a	Kwooee key.
Customs (station or house)	Kwan heu.
Cut, to (a pencil) or pare	P'ie.
Cut, to„ (in two)	Ts'et t'o(r)n.
Cut, to„ (as one's hand)	Kot.
Cut down, to (as trees)	Tsahm; (fire wood) p'aw.
D
Dangerous	Ngooee heeum.
Dare, to	Kahm.
Dark	Um; um moh moh lee.
Daughter	Moy tsz.
Day	Nyit.
Daytime	Nyit shin t'eu.
Dead	See; (is dead) See hoi.
Dear	Kwooee.
Despatch, a	Woon shoo.
Devil	Kwooee.
Difference, a	Foon p'et.
Different	M t'oong (lit. not the same).
Difficult	Nahn.
Directly	Tseet k'et; tseet she.
Dirty	Eu leu.
Do, to	Tsoh.
Doctor	Ye sahng.
Dog	Keu.
Dollar, one	Yit chahk nyune; yit chahk fah pen.
Door	Moon.
Double up, to (as clothes)	Chahp.
Downstairs	Leu hah.
Drawer, a	T'oh seohng.
Drink, to	Shit; yim.
Dry	Tsau; con.
Duck, a	Ahp.
Dust	Ch'in; nigh ch'in.
Dye, to	Nyahm set.
E
Each	Mooee chahk.
Ear	Nyee keet.
Earrings	Nyee wahn.
East	Toong.
Easy	Yoong ye.
Eat	Shit.
Ebb-tide	Shooee kon; kon leeoo; lok leeoo.
Egg (fowl's)	K(h)igh ch'oon.
Employ	Sz.
Empty	K'oong.
Ended	Tsoh wahn.
England	Yin kwet.
Enquire	Fong moon; moon.
Evening	Mahn shin t'eu (also means night).
Every	Chahk chahk.
Eyes	Ngan.
Expenses	Sz fooee.
F
Face	Men paht.
Fair	(wind) Shoon fung; (weather) how t'en.
Fall, to	Tet.
Fan, a	Shen.
Far	Yen.
Fast	K'wi k'wi.
Fat	Nep.
Father	Ah pah.
Fear	K'ong.
Feed, to (animals, etc.)	Keeoong.
Festival	Tset; tset k'ey.
Fetch, to	Keeahm * * * loi.
Few	Show.
Fight, to	Tah cow; (in war) tah chong.
Fine, to	Faht.
Fingers	Shoo chee.
Finished	Tsoh t'oh lee; tsoh wahn lee.
Fire	Foh; (conflagration) foh shau wook.
Fire„ a gun, to	Show.
First, at	He t'eu.
First,„ the	T'ea yit.
Fish	Ng.
Flesh	Nyook.
Flies	Woo yin.
Floor	Leu pahn.
Flour	Men foon.
Flowers	Fah.
Foot	Keeok.
Fork	Ts'ah.
Foreign	Loi loo.
Fox	Foo lee.
Fresh (as fish, fruit, etc.)	Sin sen; (water) t'ahm shooee sen.
Fry, to	Tsen; tsow.
Fruit	Koh tsz.
Full	Mahn.
G
Gamble, to	Too ts'en.
Garden	Fah yen.
Gardener	Fah wong; chong fah yen k(h)igh.
Gay	Ch'ah fah.
Get up, to	He shin.
Girl	Moy tsai.
Give, to	Peen.
Glad, to be	Fon he.
Go, to	He.
Go out, to	Ch'oot he.
Goat	Sahn yeeong.
Godown	Foh ts'ong.
Gods, the	Shin.
Gold	Kim.
Good	How.
Goods	Foh woot.
Goose	Ngoh.
Glass	Poh lee.
Green	Look; look set.
Guest	Nyin hahk.
Gun	Ts'eohng.
H
Hair	Mow; (of the head) t'eu nah mow.
Half	Pahn.
Ham	Foh t'ooee.
Hammer	Ch'ooee.
Hand	Shoo.
Handkerchief	Shoo kin.
Hang up, to	Kwah he.
Hat	Mow.
Hat, to put on a	Tie mow.
Have, or have got	Yeeoo.
He	Key.
Head	T'eu nah.
Hear	T'ahng; t'ahng woon.
Heavy	Ch‘oong.
Hire, to	Tseng.
Hold, to	Tsah.
Home, at	Tsoy k'ah; ts'ai kah.
Hong	Hong.
Honourable	Kwooee.
Horse	Mah.
Hot	(of weather) Nyet. (of liquids) Show.
Hot-tempered	Foh sin.
House	Wook.
How?	Leeong pen?
How much; how many?	Key toh?
How far?	Key yen?
How much less ?	Show key toh?
Husband	Ch'ong foo; low koong.
Hungry	Too p'aht ngoh.
I
I	Ngi.
Ice	Set.
Ice-box	Set seeong.
Idle	Lahn t'oh.
If	Yok sz.
Ill	Yeeoo p'eeahng; (bad) m how.
Inch	Ts'oon.
Ink	Met; (fluid) met shooee.
Ink-bottle	Met shooee ahng.
Inside	Looee too.
Instance, for	How pea.
Investigate, to	Ts'ah ts'aht.
Invite	Tseeahng.
Iron	T'et.
Iron, an	T'ong teu.
Iron, to	Tong.
J
Jade	Nyook.
Jetty	Mah t'eu.
K
Keep, to	Leeoo kin; sheeoo he.
Kettle	Ts'ah pow.
Key	Saw she.
Kill, to	Tah see; (with a knife) tsahm; (behead) saht.
Kind, a (sort)	Yong.
Knife	Tow (also dagger with one edge)..
Knot, a	Keet; (to knot) tah keet.
Know, to	Tea.
Know, to (acquaintances, languages, etc.)	Shit.
L
Ladder, a	T'oy.
Ladder, to bring a	Keeam t'oy loy.
Lamp	Ten.
Lantern	Ten loong.
Large	T'ie.
Late	(in the day) Choo; (at night) yah.
Laugh, to	Seeow.
Lawn	Ts'ow poo; ts'ow poo taht; ts'ow poo pah.
Lazy	Lahn t'oh; lahn.
Leaf, a (either of books or trees)	Yahp.
Leak	Leu.
Learn, to	Hock.
Leather	P'ea.
Leave, to ask	Loh nyin ts'een; cow kah,
Left hand	Tsoh shoo.
Leg, (or foot)	Keeok.
Leisure	Hahn; (at) tet hahn ; (not at) m hahn; or m tet hahn.
Lend	Tseeah.
Let go, to	Fong.
Letter	Foong seen.
Lie down, to	Mean.
Lies, to tell	Kong p'ahng wah; kong t'ie wah.
Light (not heavy)	K'eeang.
Light (not dark)	Kong.
Light, to (lamps, etc.)	Teeahm; hoy.
Lightning	Foh shah; (flashes) foh shah nyahp.
Like	Ts'eeong; how sz; how ts'eeong.
Like, to	Choong ye.
Lime	Foy.
Little, a	Tit sit tsz; (small) say.
Live, (to reside)	Ch'oo; het.
Lock, to	Saw.
Lock, a	Pah saw.
Long	Chong.
Long time, a	Keeoo.
Look, to	C'on; c'on tow.
Looking-glass	Men keeahng.
Low (down)	Tie; (not tall) ai.
Lose, to	Shit; shit hoi; m ken; m ken hoi.
Lucky	Keet.
M
Mace, a	Ts'en (money).
Make, to	Tsoh.
Make haste!	Kw'i kw'i.
Male	Nahm; nahm nyin.
Man	Nyin.
Many	Toh.
Mast	Shohn ngwooee.
Master	She t'eu.
Matches	Foh ts'i.
Matter? what's the	Yeeoo mahk ki sz?
Matting	Ts'eeahk.
Medicine	Yok ts'oy.
Meal, a	Ts'on.
Meat	Nyook.
Meet, to	Ts'ong tow; nyee tow.
Mend, to	Poo.
Merchant	T'so sen lee ki.
Middle	Choong kahn.
Milk	Nen; (cow's) nyeeoo nen.
Mince, to (meat)	Tow nyook.
Mistress	She t'eu p'o.
Monday	Lee pie yit.
Month	Nyet.
Money	Nyoon.
Moon	Nyet; nyet kong.
More	Toh.
Morning	Chow shin tsau; chow shin t'eu.
Mosquito	Moon.
Mosquito curtains	Moon chong; (a) yit tong moon chong.
Mother	Ah me.
Mouse	Low ch'oo tsie.
Mouth	Choy.
Much, too	Toh ko t'eu.
Mustard	Ki maht.
Mutton	Yong nyook.
My	Ngah ki.
N
Nail, a	Tahng, yit moy.
Nail, to hammer in a	Tahng, tahng yit moy (lit. to nail a nail).
Nail	(finger) Shoo chee kahp; (toe) keeok chee kahp.
Name	Meeahng; (surname) seeahng; (other name) p'et sz; (milk name) youee meeahng.
Narrow	Tsahk; k'eeahp.
Native	Poon t'oo (a) poon t'oo nyin.[1]
Near	K'eeoon.
Needle	Chim.
New	Seen.
News	Seen woon.
Next year	Ch'oot hoi nyen; mean nyen; ch'oot nyen.
Next month	T'ea nyee chahk nyet.
Night	Yah poo shin; mahn shin t'eu.
Noon	Ahn choo.
North	Pet; (the) pet pen t'eu.
Nose	P'ea koong.
Notes (bank)	Nyoon chee.
Now	Kin hah.
O
Oar	Tseong.
Obey	T'ahng wah.
Office	Seeah sz leu.
Often	How toh pie.
Oil	Yeeoo.
Old (of persons)	Low.
Old (of things)	K'eeoo.
On the table	Fong ts'ai t'oy shong.
Once	Yit pie.
Once, go at	Tsit she he.
Oneself	Ts'z key; ts'z kah.
Onion	Ts'oong t'eu.
Only	T'ook t'ook.
Open, to	Hoi.
Opium	Ah p'en.
Opposite	Tooee men.
Or	Fit chah.
Orange	(tight skin) Ch'ahng; (loose skinned) kahm; (small, smooth) keet; (mandarin) choo sah keet.
Ounce	(Chinese) Leeohng.
Ought	Yin coy.
Outside	Ngoi heu.
P
Painter	(house) Yeeoo ts'it sz foo, or yeeoo ts'it low; (picture) fah koong.
Paper	Chee.
Partner	Kahp poon foh key.
Partnership, to dissolve	Foon sz, (or to separate).
Partnership, to enter into	Kahp poon tsoh sen lee.
Paste	Tseong foo.
Pattern	Yong tsz.
Pay, to	Peen nyoon; cow nyoon.[2]
Picul, one	Yit tahm.
Peking	Pet keen.
Pen	Peet; (nib) peet tsooee.
Pencil	Yen peet.
Pepper	Foo tseeow.
People, the	Pahke seeahng (lit. the 100 surnames).
Petition, a	Peen; (to present a) t'ea peen.
Pewter	Seeahk.
Pick up, to	Keeahm he.
Piece, a	Yit kw'i.
Pigeon	P'ahk kahp.
Pig	Choo.
Pillow	Chim t'eu.
Pilot	Tie shooee nyin.
Pin	(foreign) T'ie t'eu chim; (hair-pin, native) tsahm.
Pine-apple	Paw law.
Place	T'ea fong.
Plate	(small) T'eeahp; (large or platter) pahn.
Play, to (as children)	Leeow; cow.
Play the piano, to	T'ahn.
Pocket	T'oy.
Politeness	Lee mow.
Pony, (or horse)	Mah.
Poor	P'een k'eeoong; kw'i.
Pork	Choo nyook.
Port, a	Feu t'eu.
Potato	Shoo tsi; (sweet) fahn shoo.
Pound, a	P'ong; (catty) keen.
Pour, to	Tow.
Praise, to	Tsahn mooee.
Pray, to	K'ey tow.
Probably	Fet chah.
Priest (Buddhist)	Woh shong; (Tauist) t'ow sz; (Romish) shin foo.
Principle	T'ow lee.
Protect, to	Pow yeeoo.
Proclamation, a	Cow she.
Proclamation, to issue a	Ch'oot cow she.
Present, to make a	Soong.
Prison	Kahm; kahm fong.
Pull, to	Pahng; (as a rope) lie; (to pull as a punkah, etc., or to hoist as a flag, sail, etc.) ch'ah.
Pull the punkah, to	Ch'ah foong shen.
Punish him, to	Faht key, (or to fine him).
Push, to	Soong.
Put, to	Fong.
Put on clothes, to	Chok sahm.
Q
Quality (of goods)	Ten.
Queen	Wong heu.
Quickly	Kw'i kw'i.
R
Rains, it	Lock shooee.
Raw	Sahng.
Read	T'ook; (to oneself) c'on.
Ready, it (anything) is	P'en.
Ready money	Hee'en nyoon.
Receive, to	Shoo.
Reckon up, to	Sohn sz; kay sohn.
Red	Foong; foong set.
Regulations	Chong ch'in.
Relative	Ts'een ts'eet.[3]
Reply, to	Fooee yim.
Rest, to	T'eu hah.
Rice	Me.
Ride on horseback	K'ey mah.
Right	Ch'ok; (no mistake ergo right) mow ts'oh.
Right hand	Yeeoo shoo.
Ripe	Shook.
River	Hoh.
Road	Loo,
Roast, to	Show.
Room	Fong.
Root	Keen.
Rope	Lahm.
Rough	Ts'z.
Round	Yen.
Rub, to	Ts'ah; ts'aht.
Run, to	Tseu.
S
Sailing-vessel	Kahp pahn shon.
Sailor	Shooee shoo.
Sails	Lea; (to sail) hahng shon; sz lea; sz foong.
Salt	Yahm.
Same	T'oong.
Saturday	Lea pie look.
Say, to	Kong.
Scales (money)	T'en p'een.
Scissors	Tsen tow.
Screw, a	Loh sz.
Sea	Hoi; (to go to) ch'oot hoi; ch'oot yong.
Sea-sick, to be	Vin long.
Second	T'ea nyee.
Security, to go	Tahm pow.
See	C'on.
Seek, to	Ts'im.
Seldom	Mow key hoh.
Send, to (persons)	Tah faht; sz.
Sentence, a	Yit key.
Servant	Sz fon nyin.
Several	Key chahk.
Sheep	Men yong.
Sheet of paper, a	Yit kw'i chee.
Ship	Shon.
Shoes	High
Shop	P'oo t'eu.
Shore of the sea (praya)	Hoy pen.
Short	To(r)n.
Shrimps	Hah.
Shut, to	Ts'on.
Sick (ill)	Pee'eng.
Sick, to be	Yeeoo pee'eng.
Side, this	Nyah pen; (that side) ki pen.
Silk (thread)	Sz.
Silk	Ch‘oo.
Silver	Nyoon.
Sing	Chong.
Singapore	Sin kah poh.
Sisters	Tsee moy.
Sister	(elder) Ah tseeah; (younger) low moy.
Sit down, to	Ts'oh.
Skin	P'ea.
Sleep, to	Shoy.
Slowly	Mahn-mahn.
Smell, to	P'ea.
Smell, a	Yit ch'in mooee; (sweet) yit ch'in heong mooee; (bad) yit ch'in ch'oo mooee.
Smoke	Yen.
Smooth	Vaht.
Sneeze, to	Tah aht ch'ee.
Soap	Fahn kahn.
Soak, to	Tsim shooee.
Socks	Maht.
Soft	Nyawn.
Solder, to	Hohn.
Some (a little)	Toh show; teet sheet tsz, or teet tsz.
Son	Li tsz.
Sore	T'oong.
Sort	Yong.
Sound (a loud noise)	T'ie shahng.
Soup	T'ong.
Sour	Son.
South	Nahm; nahm p'en t'eu, or—pen—.
Spade	Ts'ahn.
Spectacles	Ngahn keeahng.
Spider	Lah k'eeah.
Split, to	T'oon heu shooee.
Spoon	Kahng t'eeow; ch'ee kahng.
Spread, to	Pie hoy.
Square	See fong.
Stab, to	Ts'eeook.
Start, to	(set out) He keeok; (by water) hoy shin; (up) t'eeow hah he.
Steamer	Foh shon.
Steersman	Tsah t'oh; sow koong (generally takes the duties that a Captain has among foreigners.
Stick	(a) T'eeow kwoon ; (to adhere) nyam kin.
Still (quiet)	Ts'een ts'een.
Stone	Sha(r)k.
Stool, a	Ten.
Stop, to	Ten.
Stop up, to	Set; set kin.
Stove	Foh loo.
Strange	K'ey kwi.
Street	Ki.
Strength	Lit.
Strike	Tah.
String	Sok.
Strong	Yeeoo lit; heeoong tsong; choo koo (as tea, etc.) nyoong.
Sugar	Tong.
Summons, to issue a	Ch'oot peeow.
Sun	Nyit t'eu.
Sunday	Lea pie.
Sweat	Hon; (to) ch'oot hon.
Sweet (to smell)	Heohng.
Sweet (to taste)	T'eeahm.
T
Table	T'oy; tsok.
Table-cloth	T'oy poo.
Tael	Leong.
Tail	Mooee; (queue) p'een.
Tailor	T‘si foong.
Take away, to	Keeahm he.
Take down, to (as pictures)	Keeahm lok, or keeahm hah.
Take care	Seeow sim.
Take off clothes, to	Pok sahm.
Talk, to	Kong.
Tea	Ts'ah.
Tea-cup	Ts'ah pooee.
Tea-pot	Ts'ah foo.
Telescope	Ts'en lea keeahng.
Temple	Meeow.
That	Ki chahk; (those) ki teu.
There	Ki t'ahng.
Thermometer	Hon ch‘oo chim.
They	Key teu.
Thick (of liquids)	Nyoong.
Thick (of substances)	P'oon.
Thimble	Teen che.
Thin (of liquids)	He p'ok.
Thin (of substances)	P'ok.
Thin (of persons)	Seu.
Thing	Toong see.
Think, to	Koo.
Thirsty	Keeahng hoht.
This	Nya chahk; (these) nya teu.
Throat	Heu len.
Throw, to	Feet; teeoo hoy.
Thunder	Looee koong.
Thursday	Lea pie see.
Tiger	Low foo.
Time	She heu.
Time? what's the	Key toh teeahm choong?
Toast (bread)	K'ong men pow.
To-day	Kim nyit.
Toes	Keeok chee.
Together	K'eeoong kin.
To-morrow	Min tsow nyit.
Tongue	Lea; shet; shet mah.
Towel	Men kin.
Translate, to	Fahn yit; (interpret) ch'on wah.
Treacle	T'ong shooee.
Treaty	Foh yeeok.
Tree	Shoo.
Truly	Shit ts'i hay.
Tumbler	Shooee pooee.
Turn round, to	Fahn chon.
U
Umbrella	Chah; (an) yit pah—.
Under	Hah poy; tie hah.
Understand, to	Heeow; min pahk; foy.
Unripe	Sahng.
Upstairs	Leu shong.
Use, to	Sz; yoong.
V
Vegetables	Ts'oi.
Very	Ship foon (lit. ten parts).
Very good	Ship foon how.
Very good, not	M hay key how.
Visit, to	T'ahm.
W
Wages	Nyin koong; koong ts'en; koong nyoon; (price of) koong kah.
Wait, to	Ten.
Walk, to	Hahng; (—off) tseu.
Walk, to go for a	Ch'oot ki hahng leeow.
Wall, a	Seeohng.
Want, to	Oi.
Warm	Nyet; lon.
Wash, to	Seh.
Washerman	Seh sahm low.
Wash-hand (basin)	Men p'oon (lit. face basin).
Waste, to	Sigh.
Waste time, to	Sigh she heu.
Watch, a	She shin peeow.
Water	Shooee.
Waves	Long.
Weak	Nyawn nyok; (watery as tea) tahm.
We	Ngi teu.
Week	Lee pie.
Weigh, to	Ch'in; (with foreign scales) p'ong; (money) tooee; (with double scales) p'een; (with money steelyards) ch'in.
Well, a	Tseeahng.
Well, (in health)	How; (get) how chon.
West	See; see p'en t'eu, or see pen t'eu.
What?	Mahk ki?
When?	Key she?
Where?	Nigh t'ahng? nigh mong t'ahng?
Whip, (horse)	Mah peen or pen; (to) pen tah.
White	P'ahk; p'ahk set; (as snow) p'ahk set set lea.
Who?	Lah hah nyin; or nah – –?
Whole	Wo(r)n ts'een ; wo(r)n hah; loong tsoong.
Why?	Tsoh mahk ki?
Wide	Faht.
Wife	Low poh; (respectfully) kah ken.
Wind	Foong.
Window	Ts'oong moon.
Wine	Tseeoo.
Wine-glass	Tseeoo pooee.
Winter	Toong t'en.
Wish, to	Oy.
With	T'oong.
With, to go	Low.
Woman	Foo nyee nyin; nyee nyin, poo nyong.
Wood	Mook; (fire) ts'iee.
Work	Koong foo; (to) tah koong; tsoh koong, or tsoh koong foo.
Wounds	Shong.
Write	Seeah.
Wrong	Ts'oh.
Y
Year	Nyen.
Year, last	K'eeoo nyen.
Yellow	Vong set.
Yesterday	Ts'ahm poo nyit; ts'ok nyit.
Yet, not	M ts'en.
You	Nyee, (pl.) Nyee teu.
Your, or yours	Nyah, or nyah ki; (pl.) nyah ki, or nyah teu, or nyah teu ki.

1. A Cantonese is known as Poon-t'ea-nyin.
2. 'Cow nyoon' is the exact equivalent of our hand over money.
3. The Chinese words ts'een ts'eet do not cover the same extent of meaning as the English word 'relative' does, for a brother or sister is a nearer relative, in Chinese, than a ts'een ts'eet.