Egyptian Self-Taught/Vocabularies
VOCABULARIES.
ABBREVIATIONS.
L.—Lower Egypt.
U.—Upper Egypt.
Plu. Plural.
Imp. Imperative.
N.B.— The ī denotes the presence of yey (see page 10) in the Arabic, as does also final i. Thus 'arableh (carriage) when plural becomes 'arabīyat as the yey in such words has more of the sound value of y. The feminine ah becomes at before a vowel, e.g., es sikkat el hadīd (the railway).
1. The World and its Elements.
| English. | Arabic.—Phonetic Pronunciation |
| God | Allāh |
| Creator | khāliq |
| world | dunya |
| sky | sama, gāu |
| sun | shems, sems (l.), shemsh (u.) |
| moon | qamar |
| star | nigmah |
| air | hāua |
| earth | ard |
| water | moyyah |
| fire | nār |
| sea | bāḥr |
| animal | ḥāywān, plu. ḥāywānāt |
| cattle | plu. bahayim |
| nature | tab'iah |
| light | nūr |
| dark | atmah, zalara |
| weather | hāua |
| wind | rīḥ, plu. aryāḥ |
| storm | nāu |
| cloud | ghāim |
| rain | matar |
| snow, ice | telg |
| hail | bard, galīd |
| thunder | ra'ad |
| lightning | barq |
| fog | shābūrah |
| heat | harārah |
| cold | bard, bārid |
| North | bāhri, shemāl |
| South | qibli |
| East | sharq |
| West | gharb |
| whirlwind | zoba'ah |
| North-wind | tiyāb |
| earthquake | zilzilah, plu. zalāzil |
| eclipse of the sun | inkisāf |
| eclipse of the moon | khusūf |
| 2. Land and Water. | |
| Land | ard |
| island | gezīrah, plu. gazāyir |
| mountain | gebel, plu. gibāl |
| valley | wādi |
| river | bāḥr, plu. buḥūr |
| lake | birkah |
| water | moyyah |
| rock | sakhrah, plu. sukhūi |
| wave | mōgah, plu. ámwāg |
| shore | barr, shāti, sāhil |
| garden | gineynah, plu. ganāyii |
| reservoir | khazzān |
| mound | kom, plu. kimān |
| the first cataract | shallālah el āuwal |
| the second cataract | shallālah et-tāni |
| clay | tīn |
| clear water | moyyah rāyqah |
| cold water | moyyah bāridah |
| hot water | moyyah sukhnah |
| 3. Minerals and Metals. | |
| Gold | dahab |
| silver | faddah |
| copper | nhhās aḥmar |
| brass | nahhās asfar |
| iron | hadīd |
| tin | safīeh, tanak |
| steel | solb, bulād |
| lead | rusās |
| coal (charcoal stone) | faḥm hagar |
| marble | rokhām |
| stone | hagar |
| sand | raml, ramleh |
| metal | m'adan, plu. ma'ādin |
| charcoal | faḥm ḥatab |
| mineral | m'adāni |
| amber | kahramān |
| granite | sawān |
| gravel | hasā, local haswah |
| mercury | zeybaq |
| quicksilver | zeybaq |
| 4. Animals, Birds and Fishes. | |
| Animal | haywān, plu. ḥāywānāt |
| horse | hosān, plu. kheyl |
| cow | baqarah |
| calf | igl, plu. agūl |
| lion | sab'a, plu. sub'ua |
| lioness | labwah, plu. labwāt |
| Pig | khanzīr, plu. khanāzīr |
| sheep | ghanam |
| lamb | kharūf, plu. khirfān |
| goat | m'izah, plu. ma'iz |
| dog | kelb, plu. kelab |
| cat | qottah, plu. qotat |
| hare | arnab, plu. ārānib |
| wolf | dīb, plu. diyab |
| fox | ta'aleb |
| mouse, rat | fār, plu. fīrān |
| cock | dīk, plu. doyūk |
| hen | farkhah, plu. fīrākh |
| fowl | teyr, plu. tiyūr |
| chicken | katkūt, plu. katakīt |
| goose | wizzah, plu. wizz |
| duck | batta, plu. batt |
| bird | asfūr, plu. asafīr |
| dove | yamnāmah, plu. yamāin |
| eagle | nisr, plu. nesūr |
| crow | ghorāb |
| turkey|dik rūrmi | |
| pelican | rakhamah |
| birdlime | dibk |
| owl | būmah |
| pigeon | hamāmah, plu. hamām |
| hawk | saqr |
| partridge | hagal |
| fish | samak |
| lobster | ābū-galambo |
| cattle | ma-wāshi, bahāyim (bovine) |
| mule | baghlah, plu. bigbāl |
| camel | gamal, plu. gimal |
| hump of the camel | sanamat el gamal |
| donkey | homār, plu. hemīr |
| dromedary | hagīn, plu. hegāna |
| elephant | iīl, plu. afyāl |
| horse shoe | ḥidwā, plu. hadāwi |
| hide (of a beast) | gild, plu. gelūd |
| horn | qurn, plu. qorūn |
| monkey | nisnās, plu. nasanīs |
| quail | simmānah |
| sandgrouse | qatt'a |
| gazelle | ghazāl |
| 5. Reptiles and Insects. | |
| White ant | dūdah, plu. dūd |
| ant | namlah, plu. naml |
| fly | dibbānah, plu. dibbān |
| bee | naḥlah, plu. naḥl |
| flea | barghūt, plu. baraghīt |
| spider | 'ainkabūt |
| crocodile | timsāḥ, plu. tamāsḥ |
| wasp | dabbūr, plu. dobābīr |
| mosquito | namūsah, plu. namūs |
| moth | ītāh |
| bug | baqqah, plu. baqq |
| insect | hasharah, waghish |
| reptiles | dabīb, ha-wām |
| frog | dofd'ah, plu. dafad'ih |
| 6. Fruit, Trees, Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables | |
| Fruits | fawakih |
| apple | tīffaḥ |
| pear | kommittrah |
| plum | barkūkah, plu. barkūk |
| tree | shagarah, plu. ashgār, or shagar |
| nut | gōzah |
| walnut | gōz |
| grapes | 'aneb |
| lemon | leymūn |
| oak | ballūt |
| rose | wardah |
| flower | zahrah, plu. zuhūr |
| grass | hashīsh |
| herbs | negīl |
| barley | sha'ir |
| cabbage | koronb |
| carrots | gazar |
| cauliflower | karnablt |
| celery | karafs |
| cinnamon | qirfah |
| clove | qorónfil |
| corn | ghallah or qamb |
| garlic | tōm |
| melon | battīkh |
| yellow melon | abdel-lāwi, shamām |
| olives | zeytūn |
| onions | bassal |
| 7. The Human Body. | |
| Bodyg | asad, gism |
| skin | gild, plu. gelūd |
| heart | qalb, plu. qulūb |
| head | rās, plu. ru-us |
| hair | sh'arah, plu. sh'ar |
| face | wish, wegḥ |
| forehead | gibhah |
| eye | 'āyn, plu. 'āyūn |
| nose | manākhīr |
| nostrils | monkhār |
| mouth | hanak, fomm |
| tongue | lissān |
| ear | widn, plu. āudān |
| neck | 'onq or rakabah, plu. rikāb |
| back | dahr |
| belly | batn |
| stomach | m'ida |
| shin | qasabat errigl, sāq, plu. sīqān |
| foot | rigl, qadam |
| arm | dirā'a |
| hand | yed |
| finger | soba'a, plu. sawābi'a |
| finger-nail | dofr, plu. adāfir |
| thumb | bāhim |
| eye-lid | gifn, plu. gifūn |
| eye-brow | hāgib, plu. hawāgib |
| eye-lash | rimsh, plu. rimūsh |
| tooth | sinn, plu. assnān |
| molar | ders, plu. adras |
| beard | dakn |
| elbow | ku'a, plu. akw'a |
| blood | dam |
| lungs | fishshah |
| blindness | 'āma |
| dumb | akhras |
| deaf | atrash |
| dead | māyyit |
| alive | 'āyish, ḥāi |
| naked | aryān |
| bowels | masarīn |
| navel | sorrah |
| right-hand | yemīn |
| left-hand | shemāl |
| hand (palm of the) | kaff |
| breath | nafas |
| drum of the ear | somākh e widn |
| 8. Mankind; Relations. | |
| People | nās |
| man | rāgil, plu. rigāl |
| woman | marah, plu. nisswān |
| husband | zōg |
| wife | zōgah, marah |
| boy | walad, plu. āulād |
| girl | bint, plu. benāt |
| parents | wālideyn |
| father | abū |
| mother | omm, plu. onimahāt |
| son | ibn, walad; plu. abna or beni, āulād |
| daughter | bint |
| brother | akhū, plu. akhwān |
| sister | okḥt, plu. akhawāt |
| female | nitāyah |
| male | dakar, zakar; plu. dokūr, zokūr |
| maid (virgin) | bint bikr, plu. benāt bukkār |
| widow | āzbah, armalah |
| widower | āzib |
| bride | arūsah, plu. arāyis |
| bridegroom | arīs, plu. irsān |
| fatherless | yatīm |
| relation | qarābah |
| relative | qarīb |
| Christian | masīḥi, nusrāni |
| grand-child | ibn el ibn, ibn el bint, bafīd |
| grand-father | gidd |
| grand-mother | giddah |
| negro | 'abd, plu. 'abīd |
| negress | gāryah, plu. gūwār |
| nephew | ibn el ākb, ibn el okht |
| niece | bint el ākh, bint el okht |
| 9. Dress. | |
| Coat | sitrah |
| cloak | barnūs |
| shirt | qamīs, pi. qumsān |
| waistcoat | sadeyrah |
| geyb, plu. go-yūb | |
| button | zirr, plu. ezrār |
| stockings | shorabāt, gorabāt |
| boots | gazmah |
| shoe | markub, gazmah; plu. marakīb, gizām |
| hat | borneytah, plu. barānīt |
| handkerchief | mandīl, plu. manādīl |
| watch | sa'ah |
| purse | kīss, plu. akyāss |
| brush | furshah, plu. forāsh |
| comb | misht, plu. amshāt |
| gloves | guanti, kufūf |
| soap | sābūn |
| ring | khātim, plu. khawātim |
| shawl | shāl, plu. shīlān |
| a pair of trousers | bantalón |
| spectacles | nadārah |
| necktie | kirawātah |
| scissors | maqās |
| slippers | bābūsh |
| cloth | gūkh |
| collar | y-āqah, plu. y-aqāt |
| cotton | qotn |
| lace | tonteylah |
| needle | ibrah, plu. obār |
| drawers | libās |
| pin | dabbūs |
| thread | kheyt |
| umbrella | shemsīeh |
| 10. Food and Drink. | |
| Meat | lāḥm |
| breakfast | futūr |
| lunch | ghada |
| supper, dinner | 'asha |
| soup | shorbah |
| boiled meat | lāḥm maslūq |
| fish | samak |
| beef | laḥm baqari |
| mutton | lāḥm dani |
| pork | lāḥm khanzīr |
| beans | fūi |
| boiled eggs | beyd maslūq |
| fried eggs (baked) | beyd maqli |
| egg | beydah, plu. beyd |
| omelet | iggat beyd |
| cheese | gibnah |
| bread | 'eysh |
| salt | melḥ |
| pepper | filfil |
| mustard | khardal |
| vinegar | khall |
| salad | salātā |
| milk | leben |
| cream | qishtah |
| sugar | sukkar |
| tea | shai |
| coffee | qāhwah |
| water | moyyah |
| wine | nebīd |
| bottle | qizāzah, plu. qazāyiz |
| glass | kubbāyah |
| fresh bread | 'eysh tāzah |
| sauce | salsa |
| sausage | sogokk |
| food | akl |
| drink (to) | shereb, imperative ishrab |
| vegetables | khodār |
| dates | belāḥ |
| olives | zeytūn |
| cake | fetīr, kahk |
| celery | karafs |
| cauliflower | karnabīt |
| parsley | baqdonos |
| cabbage | koronb |
| rice | ruz |
| bran | nokhālah |
| a mouthful | loqmah |
| broth | marakah |
| chicken | katkūt, plu. katakīt |
| cream | qishtah |
| flour | deqīq |
| a glass of wine | kubbāyah nebīd |
| a glass of water | kubbāyah moyyah |
| lemonade | limonāda |
| 11. Eating and Cooking Utensils. | |
| Table cloth | ghata es soffrah |
| table napkin | fūtah es soffrah |
| plate | saḥn, tabaq |
| dish | saḥn |
| knife | sikkīn, plu. sakakīn |
| fork | shōkah |
| spoon | ma'alaqah |
| cup | fingān, plu. fanagīn |
| salt-cellar | mallāḥah |
| tea-pot | ibrīk shāi |
| frying-pan | miqlāyah |
| kettle | ghallāyah, ghallayāt, ibrīk |
| corkscrew | barīmah |
| hoe | fās (l.), turiyeh (u.) |
| shovel | kureyk |
| stove | kanun |
| tray | tisht |
| oven | forn |
| filter | misfāyah |
| hatchet | baltah |
| 12. House and Furniture. | |
| The house | el beyt |
| room | ōdah, plu. owad |
| bed | farshah |
| bedstead | serīr |
| pillow | makhaddah, plu. makbaddāt |
| blanket | batanīeh |
| sheet | milāyah, plu. milāyāt |
| door | bāb, plu. abwāb |
| window | shibbāk, plu. shebabīk |
| bell | garas |
| wall | heytah, plu. heytān |
| roof | satḥ |
| floor | ardīeh |
| chair | kursi, plu. karāsi |
| sofa | dīwan |
| carpet | saggādah, plu. saggādát |
| table | soffrah, tarabeyzah |
| broom | furshah |
| looking-glass | mirāyah, plu. mirayāt |
| mattress | mertábah |
| quilt | lihāf |
| fireplace, chimney | madkhanah |
| jug or pot | kūz |
| pail | sutl |
| towel | fūtah or bashkīr; plu. fuwāt, bashākīr |
| basin | tisht |
| bath (warm) | hammām |
| basket | mishannah, maqtaf, alaq |
| candlestick | shamadān |
| candle | sham'a, plu. shumū'a |
| lock | quflah, keylūn |
| key | muftah, plu. mafātīḥ |
| furniture | mobiliāt |
| stable | isstabl |
| matches | kabrīt |
| mat | ḥāsīrah, plu. ḥosr |
| bottle | qizāzah, plu. qazāyiz |
| landlord | muaggir, saḥib el-beyt |
| tenant (or merchant) | tagir |
| lease, rental (or wages) | ugra |
| bricks | tūb |
| bouse (a) to be let | beyt lil igār |
| water closet | mustarāh, beyt el 'adeb, 'adebkhānah |
| kitchen | matbakh |
| 13. Town and Country. | |
| City, or town (large) | medīnah, plu. madayin |
| country (native) | beled |
| village | beled |
| street | sikkah, plu. sikak |
| square | māidán |
| market | sūk, plu. aswāk |
| palace | sarāyah or qasr; plu. sarāyāt qusur |
| church | kenīsah, kanāyis |
| tower | burg, plu. abrāg |
| post | bosta |
| post-office | bosta, moḥall el bosta |
| police-office | zabtīeh |
| hospital | isbitāliah |
| exchange | borsa |
| bridge | qantarah, plu. qanātir |
| custom-house | gumruk |
| prison | ḥabs |
| shop | dokkān, plu. dakākīn |
| hotel | lokanda |
| castle, fortress | qal'aah |
| corner | rukn, plu. arkān |
| foot pavement | balat |
| railway | sikkat el ḥadīd |
| field | gheyt, plu. ghītān |
| forest | ghābab, plu. ghabāt |
| cross-road | arb'a mafāriq |
| farm | 'abadīeh |
| fence-wall | sūr |
| gate | bāb, plu. abwāb |
| path | tarīq |
| grass | hashīsh |
| mound | kom, plu. kimān |
| pyramid | ḥaram, plu. aḥrām |
| desert | gebel |
| road | tarīq, darb, sikkah |
| where does this road lead to? | es sikkah deh tawadīna feyn? |
| 14. Professions and Trades. | |
| Profession | kār, sena'ah |
| ambassador | elchi (Turkish) |
| professor, teacher | mu'allim |
| scholar (pupil) | talmīz, plu. talámza |
| doctor | 'ālem, plu. 'ulama; hakīm, (plu. hukama) doktōr |
| medicine | dāuwa |
| chemist | kimāwi |
| policeman | 'askari |
| police | bulīs, zabīleh |
| postmaster | wakīl el bostā |
| postman | bostágy |
| guard, station agent) or master | wakīl, or rā, is maḥattah |
| store-keeper | makhzangi |
| merchant | tāgir, plu. togār |
| merchandise | buda'ah |
| clerk | kātib |
| bookseller | kutbi, plu. kutbiyā |
| bookbinder | mogallid kutub |
| shoemaker | gizamāti, saramāti |
| tailor | khāyyāt, plu. khāyyātīn |
| blacksmith | haddād |
| barber | mozāyyin, hallāq |
| watchmaker | sa'ati |
| jeweller | gawāhirgi |
| oculist | ḥakīm 'oyūn |
| laundress | ghassālah |
| farmer | muzari'a |
| porter (carrier) | shāyyāl, ḥammāl |
| lawyer | avokāto |
| midwife | dāyah |
| servant | khaddām, plu. khaddāmīn |
| grocer | baqqāl |
| groom | sāyis, plu. siyās |
| sailor | baḥri, marákbi |
| gentleman | khawāgah (Persian) |
| lady | sitt, plu. sittāt |
| guide | dalīl |
| interpreter | motargim, plu. motargimln |
| dragoman | tergumān |
| coachman | arbági |
| carpenter | naggār, plu. naggārīn |
| watchman | ghafīr, plu. ghufara |
| fish-monger | sammāk, plu. sammākīn |
| cutler | sakakīni |
| slave | 'abd |
| plaintiff | mudd'āi |
| defendant | mudda'a 'aleyh |
| appellant | |
| mustānif | |
| auctioneer | dallāl |
| baker | khabbāz, farrān |
| engineer | mohándis, plu. mohándisīn |
| engraver | nāqqāsh |
| gardener | ganāyni |
| gilder | tallā |
| goldsmith | sāyigh |
| missionary | mursal, plu. mursalīn |
| nun | rahbah, plu. rahbāt |
| nurse | - |
| surgeon | garrāḥ |
| Beduin chief | sheykh el-'orbān |
| 15. Ships and Shipping. | |
| Steamer | babūr, wabūr |
| ship | merkeb, plu. marākib |
| boat, barge | sandal, plu. sanādil |
| mast | sāri, plu. sawāri |
| rudder | daffat el markab |
| sail | qil'a, plu. qulū'a |
| oar | muqdāf, plu. maqādīf |
| flag | bandeyrah |
| anchor | mersāh |
| sailor|marākbi | |
| drowned | gharaq |
| map | khartah |
| boatman | marākbi |
| fisherman | sāyyād, plu. sāyyāldīn |
| afloat | 'ayim |
| swimming | 'om |
| cargo | wasqat, hamūlah. |
| steersman | domāngi |
| cable | ghomanah, ḥabl |
| fleet (of ships) | dunanmah, plu. dunanmāt |
| compass | ibrat |
| engineer (of the steamer) | usta el wabūr |
| yacht | yaht |
| float of paddle-wheel | muqdāf tāra |
| dockyard | tarsānah |
| Nile-barge | dahabieh |
| Nile house-boat | qanga |
| broker | samsār, plu. samāsrah |
| brokerage | samsārah |
| pilot | kalāwuz |
| small boat | felukkah |
| 16. Travelling. | |
| Voyage | Safar |
| journey | Safar |
| railway-station | mahattah |
| steamboat | wabūr |
| captain | kabtān, rā,is |
| sailor | marākbi, bāḥri |
| custom-house | gumruk |
| key | muftaḥ, plu. mafatīḥ |
| arrival | wusūl |
| railway | sikkat el ḥadīd |
| train | qattr |
| luggage | 'afsh |
| bag | kīs, plu. akyās |
| interpreter | tergumān, motargim, plu. motargimīn |
| return ticket | tazkārah rāiḥ wa gāi |
| bill | hesāb |
| receipt | wasl, sanad; plu. wosulāt sanadāt |
| office | diwān |
| guard's van | dispensa |
| coachman | arbaggi |
| pillow | makhaddah, plu. makhuddāt |
| whip | tīlah, kurbāg |
| caravan | kaflah |
| saddle (for a donkey) | barda'ah, plu. barad'ih |
| saddle (for a horse) | sarg, plu. surug |
| strap | seyr |
| passenger-train | qatr rukkāb |
| goods-train | qatr el buda'ah |
| traveller | musāfir, plu. musāfrīn |
| travel (to) | sāfar |
| carriage | 'arabīeh, plu. 'arabīyāt |
| medicine | dāuwa, plu. adwīya |
| money | fulūs |
| Pound (£1.) | giney (guinea) inglīzi |
| Napoleon (20fr. piece) | bintu |
| Pound (Egyptian) | giney masri |
| Pound (Turkish) | giney magīdi |
| When does the train leave? | el qatr yisafir imta? |
| 17. Writing. | |
| Paper | waraq |
| blotting paper | waraq nashshāf |
| sheet (of paper) | farkh waraq |
| quire (ditto) | farīdat waraq |
| pen | qalam, plu. aqlām |
| ink | hibr |
| inkstand | dawāyah |
| penknife | matwah, plu. matāwi |
| pencil | qalam rusās |
| sealing-wax (red) | sham'a aḥmar |
| letter | gawab or maktūb; plu. gawābat, makātīb |
| date | tarīkh |
| signature | imdā |
| post-stamp | waraq damghah |
| manuscript | nuskhaḥ, kitāb khatt |
| write (to) (copy) | katab, imp. iktib |
| writing (s) | kitābah |
| written | maktūb |
| book | kitāb, plu. kutub |
| index (of a book) | fahrāsah |
| seal (to) | khatam, imp. ikhtim |
| sign the letter | imdi el gawāb |
| post | bosta |
| post-office | bosta, diwan el bosta |
| postmaster | wakīl el bosta |
| he registered the letter (at the post-office) | huwa saggar el gawāb |
| envelope | zarf |
| dictionary | qamūs |
| when does the post leave? | imta tisāfir el bosta? |
| 18. Shooting Implements and Fishing Tackle. | |
| Knife | sikkīn, plu. sakakīn |
| pocket-knife | matwah, plu. matāwi |
| hammer | qādūm, shakūsh |
| file | mabrad, plu. mabārid |
| nail | mismār, plu. manashīr |
| nail (to) | sammar, imp. sammar |
| axe | fās |
| saw | minshār, plu. manashīr |
| grindstone | misānn |
| gun | bunduqīeh |
| gunpowder | barūd |
| shot (a shot fired) | darbah |
| net | shabakah, plu. shibāk, or shabakāt |
| fish-hook | sinnārah |
| basket | mishannah |
| box | sandūk, plu. sanadīk |
| shooting | darb al barūd |
| sport | seyd |
| at one shot | bi-darbah, or bi-nishān wāḥid |
| padlock | qafi, plu. aqfāl |
| tobacco-pipe | shibūk, plu. shubukāt |
| pistol | tabangah, plu. tabangāt |
| 19. Time and Seasons. | |
| Year | senah, plu. senīn |
| month | shaḥr, plu. ushḥur |
| week | gum'aah, plu. gum'aāt |
| two weeks | gum'ateyn |
| day | yom, plu. eyyām |
| hour | sa'ah, plu. sa'āt |
| half-an-hour | nuss sa'ah |
| minute | deqīqah, plu. daqāyiq |
| season | fasl or awan, plu. fosūl |
| Spring | rābī'a |
| Summer | seyf |
| Autumn | kharīf |
| Winter | shita |
| the months of the year | shuḥūr es senah |
| Lunar months shuḥūr 'arabīya | |
| Coptic months | shuḥūr qibtīya |
| time | waqt |
| to-morrow morning | bukra fi subḥ |
| how many weeks | kām guma'ah ? |
| day-time | nahār |
| mid-day | ed duhr |
| every day | kull yom |
| after to-morrow | b'ad bukra |
| to-day | en-nahār-deh |
| to-morrow | bukra |
| January[1] | yenāir |
| February | febrāir |
| March | marss |
| April | abrīl |
| May | māyeh |
| June | yūunia |
| July | yūlia |
| August | aghostos |
| September | sebtember |
| October | oktober |
| November | nofember |
| December | dezember |
| Sunday | yom el ḥad |
| Monday | yom el etnīn |
| Tuesday | yom et telāt |
| Wednesday | yom el arb'a |
| Thursday | yom el khamīs |
| Friday | yom el gum'a |
| Saturday, or Sabbath | yom es sabt |
| birthday | māulid |
| holiday | batūlah, 'eyd, fantasīeh |
| Christmas | 'eyd el mīlād |
| Easter | 'eyd el qiyāmah |
| dawn | fagr |
| morning | subḥ or sabaḥ |
| early in the morning | badri fi subḥ |
| evening | maghrib |
| this evening | el leylah deb or eleylāhdeh |
| in the evening | fil maghrib |
| noon | duhr |
| forenoon | qabl ed duhr |
| afternoon | el 'asr, b'ad ed duhr |
| night | leyl, plu. lāyāl |
| midnight | nuss el-leyl |
| yesterday | embāreh[2] |
| yesterday morning | embāreh fi subḥ |
| yesterday evening | embāreh el maghrib |
| the day before yesterday | āauwel embāreh |
| three days ago | āuwel āuwel embāreh |
| daily | yōmi |
| last year | es-senah illi fātet |
| year before last | qabl senateyn |
| twenty years old (son of twenty years) | ibn 'ashrīn senah |
| day time | nahār |
| full moon | badr |
| Leap-year | senah kabīs |
| 20. Countries and Nations. | |
| Country | beled, plu. bilād |
| nation | ommah |
| native country | watan |
| state | mamlakah, plu. mamālik |
| Europe | āurobba |
| European | āurobbi, ferangi |
| England | bilād el-ingilīz |
| English | ingilīzi |
| American | amerikāni |
| Arabia | hegāz |
| Arabian | 'arabi |
| Arabs (nomads) | 'arab |
| Beduin | bedawi, plu. bedwān, 'arab, 'orbān |
| Syria | esh-shām |
| France | fransā |
| French | fransāwi |
| Russia | bilād el moskof |
| Russian | moskówi |
| China | bilād es sīn |
| Greek | rūmi |
| Greek | yunāni |
| Greece | bilād er rūm, yūnán |
| Turkey | bilād et turk |
| Turkish | turki |
| His Highness the Khedive | el khedéywi |
| His Highness (Our Lord) | effendīna |
| Egypt | berr masr |
| Egyptian | masri |
| Lower Egypt | beheyrah |
| Upper Egypt | es-sa'id |
| Persia | bilād el agam |
| Persian | āgami |
| Cairo | masr mahrūsah |
| Old Cairo | masr 'atīqah |
| The districts of Cairo | atmān masr |
| Constantinople | istambūl |
| Alexandria | iskendirīeh |
| Suez Canal | el kanāl |
| Suez | es sues |
| Ismailieh | el isma 'ilīeh |
| Arishe | el 'arīsh |
| Kosseir | el quseyr |
| Damietfta | dumyāt |
| Rosetta | rāshīd |
| Suakin | sawākin |
| The Nile (River) | en nīl |
| Foreigner | egnebi, gharīb; plu. ghuraba, khawāgah |
| 21. Numbers. | |
| Numbers | a'dād |
| one | wāḥed |
| two | etnīn |
| three | talātah |
| four | arba'ah |
| five | khamsah |
| six | sittah |
| seven | sab'ah |
| eight | temāniah |
| nine | tis'ah |
| ten | 'ashrah |
| eleven | ḥadāsher |
| twelve | etnāsher |
| thirteen | talattāsher |
| fourteen | arb'ātasher |
| fifteen | khamastāsher |
| sixteen | sittāsher |
| seventeen | sab'atāsher |
| eighteen | temantāsher |
| nineteen | tis'atāsher |
| twenty | 'ashrīn |
| twenty-one | waḥed wa 'ashrīn |
| twenty-two | itnīn wa 'ashrīn |
| thirty | telātīn |
| forty | arba'īn |
| fifty | khamsīn |
| sixty | sittīn |
| seventy | sab'īn |
| eighty | temānīn |
| ninety | tis'īn |
| a hundred | mīyah (sometimes before a vowel, mīt) |
| 101 | mīyah wa wahed |
| 110 | mīyah wa 'ashrah |
| 200 | mīteyn |
| 300 | tultemīyah |
| 400 | rub'amīyah |
| 500 | khumsemīiyah |
| 600 | sittemīyah |
| 700 | sub'amīyah |
| 800 | tumnemīyāh |
| 900 | tis'amīyah |
| 937 | tis'amiyah sab'a wa telātīn |
| a thousand | elf |
| 1,015 | elf wa khamastāsher |
| 2,000 | elfeyn |
| 10,000 | 'ashrat elāf |
| 30,000 | telātīn elf |
| 100,000 | mīt elf |
| a million | milyūn |
| 22. Collective Numbers, etc. | |
| Pair | gōz, plu. agwāz |
| dozen, packet | dastah - |
| once | marrah wahidah, nōbah waḥidah |
| twice | marrateyn |
| single | fard, wāḥed |
| double | migwiz |
| first | āuwal |
| second | tāni |
| thrice | telāt marrāt |
| four times | arba' marrāt |
| five times | khams (khamas) marrāt |
| a half | nuss, nusf |
| a third | tult |
| a fourth | rub'a |
| three-fourths | |
| nuss wa rub'a | |
| a fifth | khums |
| an eighth | tumn |
| 23. Colours. | |
| White | m. abiad, f. beyda |
| black | m. iswad, f. soda |
| brown | m. asmar, f. samara |
| blue | m. azraq, f. zerqa |
| sky colour | samawi |
| red | m. ahmar, f. hamara |
| green | m. akhdar, f. khadara |
| greenish | khadrāwi, yiddi al khadār |
| yellow | m. asfar, f. safara |
| grey | azraq (also blue) |
| yellowish | missfirr |
| to make yellow | saffar |
| violet | m. banafsig |
| indigo | m. nīlah |
| 24. Adverbs, &c. | |
| Above, upstairs | fōq |
| after | ba'd |
| afterwards, then | bādeyn |
| always | dāi y man, tamalli |
| at first | āuwalan |
| because | 'ala shān, li-an |
| before | qodām |
| behind | wara |
| by force | bil ghassb, bil gabr |
| down | taḥt |
| easily | bi-rāḥah, bi-sohūlah |
| enough | kifāyah, bass, bi-ziādah |
| entirely | bilkullīyah |
| falsely | bi-zūr |
| far off | ba'îd |
| gratis, for nothing | ballāsh |
| first | āuwel |
| here | hena |
| home, house | beyt |
| in, there is | fi |
| inside | gūwa |
| instead of | badal, gbeyr |
| justly | bil ḥaqq |
| last | ākhir |
| lastly, at last | akhīran |
| late | wakhri, mot, akbar |
| long | tawīl |
| near, close, side | ganb |
| never | abadan |
| no | lā |
| not yet, still | lissa |
| not-at-all | mottláqan |
| now | delwaqt |
| often, many times | mirāran, murrāt ketīr |
| only, enough | bass |
| out | barra |
| outside | barra |
| particularly | khosūsan |
| perhaps | yumkin |
| quickly, soon, immediately | ḥālan |
| quickly|bil 'agal, qawām | |
| seldom | fil nādir |
| slowly | bi-shweysh, 'ala mahl, shuwāyyah |
| so | keda |
| sometimes | ba'd al ahyān |
| soon | bād shwāi |
| still | bardu, lissā [(not yet) |
| there | henāk |
| this | deh, da, di |
| to-day | en-nahār-deh |
| to-morrow | bukra |
| to whom? | li-mīn? |
| too, also, again | kamān |
| under | taḥt |
| welcome | āhlan wa sāhlan or marhabba |
| when | lamma |
| when? | imta? |
| whence | mineyn |
| where? | feyn? |
| where from? | min eyn? min feyn? |
| where to? | 'ala feyn? lifeyn? |
| whom | illi (=whom or which) |
| whose? | bit'a mīn? |
| why? | leyh? 'ala shān eyh ? |
| yes | āywa, na'am |
| yesterday | embāreh |
| yet | lissa |
| 25. Adjectives. | |
| Angry | za'alān |
| awkward, stupid | ghashīm |
| bad | battāl |
| beautiful, elegant | gamīl, latīf |
| better | aḥsan |
| bitter | murr |
| blind | a'ama |
| broad | arīd |
| civil | m'arūf or sāhib adab |
| clean | nadīf |
| clever | shatīr |
| cold | bard |
| cool | barīd |
| dark | atmah |
| dear | azīz, ḥabīb |
| dear (expensive) | ghāli |
| deceitful | ghashāsh |
| deep | ghawīt, wāti |
| delightful | yifrih, mufrih |
| difficult | sa'ab |
| dirty | wisekh |
| dry | nāshif |
| eldest (oldest) | bakri |
| empty | farigh, khali |
| false | keddāab (kidb, a lie) |
| fat | samīn |
| filthy | wehesh |
| fine | gamīl |
| flat | mastū, mebattat |
| full | malyān |
| glad | farhān |
| good | tāyyib |
| great | azīm |
| happy | sa'īd |
| hard (not soft), dry | nāshif |
| hard (severe or cruel) | qāsi |
| healthy | sālīm, sāgh sālīm, bis-sāha |
| heavy | teqīl |
| high | 'ali |
| ill (sick) | āyyān |
| impertinent (shameless) | qalīl el hā-ya |
| large | kebīr, 'azīm |
| lazy | keslān |
| lean | nahīf |
| least | aqall |
| less | aqall |
| light (bright) | nūr |
| light (not heavy) | khafīf |
| little (small) | soghāyyar |
| long | tawīl |
| loud (high) | 'ali |
| low | wāti |
| mad, foolish | magnūn |
| narrow | dāyyiq |
| near | qarīb |
| new | gedīd |
| nice | kwȳyīs, latīf |
| old man | agūz |
| old (ancient) | qādīm, antīqa |
| opened | maftūḥ |
| polite | zarīf, latīf |
| poor | meskīn, faqīr; plu. masakīn, foqara |
| proud | motakabbir |
| rich | ghani |
| ripe | mistūwi |
| right (true) | saḥīḥ |
| round | medāuwar |
| satisfied | mabsūt, sheb'ān (satiated) |
| shady | muzallil or daffeh |
| sharp (having a keen edge) | ḥād |
| sharp words | kalām qāsi |
| sharp (severe) | qāsi |
| short | qussāyyar |
| soft (moist) | tari |
| sour (acid) | hāmed |
| square | moruba'a |
| still, quiet | sākit |
| strong | gāmid |
| stupid (ass) | balīd (homār), balāwi |
| sweet | ḥelu |
| thick | tekhīn |
| thin | rofāyy'a, raqīq |
| tipsy | sakrān |
| tired | ta'abān |
| tough (dry) | yābis |
| true | haqīq, saḥīḥ, sadīq |
| unintelligible | mush mafhūm |
| unlucky | ma lūsh bakht |
| useful | nāfi'a |
| warm | hāmi |
| weak | daīf |
| well | tāyyib |
| wet | tari, mablūl |
| wicked | sharīr |
| wide | wāasi'a, or was'a |
| wild | wehesh, birri |
| wise (clever) | 'aqil (shātir) |
| worse | al'an |
| worse and worse | al'an wa al'an |
| wrong (mistaken) | ghalat, ghaltān |
| young | soghāyyar |
| younger (smaller) | assghar |
| 26. Conjunctions | |
| Afterwards | ba'deyn |
| after it | b'adu |
| and | wa |
| because | li-an, 'alashān |
| but | lākin, walākin |
| even | ḥatta |
| for | 'ala shān |
| neither | lā |
| nor | wa-lā |
| or | wa-illa, walla |
| that | in |
| 27. Prepositions. | |
| Above | fōq |
| after | b'ad |
| round | hāuwaleyn |
| by | b, be, wa |
| for | 'ala shān |
| from | min, 'an |
| in | b, be, fl |
| of | 'an |
| on (upon) | 'ala |
| near | ganb |
| to | 1, le |
| under | taḥt |
| with | b, bi |
| 28. Pronouns. | |
| Singular. | |
| I | ana |
| thou | inta (mas.), inti (fem.) |
| he, it | hūwa |
| she | hīyah |
| Plural. | |
| We | ehna |
| you, ye | intum |
| they | hum, huma |
| Singular. (Suffixes.) | |
| My— | —ī |
| thy— | —ak (mas.), ik (fem.) |
| his— | —u |
| her— | —ha |
| Plural (Suffixes.) | |
| Our— | —na |
| your— | —kum |
| their— | —hum |
| Myself | - |
| thyself | nafs-ak, zāt-ak |
| himself | nafs-u, zāt-u |
| herself | nafsi-ha, zātiha |
| ourselves | nafsi-na, zātina |
| yourself | nafs-ak, zāt-ak |
| yourselves | nafsi-kum, zāt-kum |
| themselves | nafsi-hum, zāt-hum |
| Singular. | |
| Mine, or my own | bit'a-ī |
| thine, or thy own | bit'a-ak (m.), bitā-ik (f.) |
| his, or his own | bit'a-u |
| hers, or her own | bit'a-ha |
| Plural. | |
| Ours, or our own | bit'a-na |
| yours, or your own | bit'a-kum |
| theirs, or their own | bit'a-hum |
| Relative. | |
| Who, whom,that, which, what | illi. |
| Note.—Illi is the only Relative Pronoun used in conversational Arabic. | |
| 29. Interrogatives. | |
| Who? | min? |
| to whom? | le-mīn? |
| which? | 'anhu? |
| what? | eyh? |
| whose? | bit'a-mīn? |
| why? | leyh? |
| how (are you)? | izzāy (ak)? |
| from me | min-ni |
| from him | min-nu |
| from you | min-nak |
| 30. Verbs. | |
| To abandon[3] | tarak |
| ,, accept | qebel, 'imp. igbal |
| ,, admire | ta'aggab |
| ,, agree to | ittafaq 'ala |
| ,, allow | azan, samaḥ |
| ,, alter | ghāyyar, imp ghāyyar |
| ,, answer | gawab |
| ,, appear | zahar |
| ,, arrive | wasal |
| ,, ask | sa,al imp. is,al |
| ,, assist | sa'ad |
| ,, avoid | igtanab, imp. igtanib |
| ,, awake | sehi, imp. is-ha |
| ,, beat | darab imp. idrab |
| ,, begin | ibtada, imp, ibtidi |
| ,, believe | sadaq |
| ,, bind (to tie) | rabat imp, orbot |
| ,, bite | 'add imp. 'odd |
| ,, break | kassar |
| ,, bring | gāb imp. gīb |
| ,, burn | haraq, imp. ihraq |
| ,, bury | dafan, imp. idfin |
| ,, buy | ishtara, imp, ishtiri |
| ,, call | nada imp. inda |
| ,, catch | mesek imp. imsik |
| ,, change | ghāyyar |
| ,, change money | saraf, imp. isrif |
| ,, cheat, defraud. | ikhtalas |
| ,, clean | naddar, imp. naddaf |
| ,, come | geh, gā; imp. ta'ala |
| ,, consult | shāwar, imp. shāwir |
| to convey | naqal |
| ,, cook | tabakh, imp. ithokh |
| ,, count | 'add, ḥasab |
| ,, cut | qat'a, imp. iqt'a |
| ,, deceive | ghashsh |
| ,, deliver | sallam |
| ,, deny | ankar, gahad |
| ,, dream | helem |
| ,, dress | lebes, imp. ilbis |
| ,, drink | shereb, imp. ishrab |
| ,, drive out | tarad |
| ,, eat | ākal, imp. kol |
| ,, examine | faḥas |
| ,, excavate | fahat, imp. ifhat |
| ,, excuse | samah |
| ,, explain | waddah, imp. waddah |
| ,, feed | wakkal, imp. wakkil |
| ,, fetch | gāb, imp. gib |
| ,, find | iltaqa, wagad |
| ,, forget | nessi |
| ,, get up | qām, imp. qūm |
| ,, give | 'ata, idda ; imp. iddi |
| ,, go | rah, imp. ruh |
| ,, go on foot | raḥ māshi |
| ,, go on horseback | raḥ rākib |
| ,, go out | kharag |
| ,, govern | ḥakam |
| ,, grease | dahan |
| ,, hang (suspend) | āllaq, imp. āllaq |
| ,, happen | ḥasal, ittafaq |
| I have | ana 'andi |
| he has | huwa 'andu |
| she has | hiyah 'andiha |
| we have | eḥna 'andena |
| you have | intum 'andikum |
| they have | humma 'andihum |
| to hear | sama'a, imp. isma'a |
| ,, help | sa'ad, imp. sa'id |
| ,, hide | khabba, imp. khabbi |
| ,, hire | aggar |
| ,, hurry | ist 'agel |
| to jump | natt, imp. nott |
| ,, kill | katal, imp. iktil |
| ,, kiss | bas, imp. buss |
| ,, knock | kbabat, imp. ikbbat |
| ,, know | a'araf |
| ,, laugh | dcḥek, imp. idhak |
| ,, leap | natt, imp. nott |
| ,, learn | ta'allam, imp. ita'allim |
| ,, lend | sallaf |
| ,, let alone | khalla, imp. khalli |
| ,, lie down | raqad, itsattah; imp. orqod, itsattah ; (sleep) nām, nūm |
| ,, look | shāf, imp. shāf |
| ,, make | 'amal, imp. 'amil |
| ,, meet | sādaf |
| ,, mend | sallaḥ, imp. sallaḥ |
| ,, mention | zakar,imp. ozkur |
| ,, obey | tāwa'a, imp. tāw'ī |
| ,, object | 'iatarad |
| ,, oblige (favour) | āmal ma'arūf |
| ,, obtain | ta-ḥassal 'ala |
| ,, offend (anger) | aghdab |
| ,, offer | qaddam, imp. qaddim |
| ,, open | fataḥ, imp. iftaḥ |
| ,, oppose | qāwam |
| ,, order | amar |
| ,, pay | daf'a, imp. idf'a |
| ,, proceed | taqaddam |
| ,, promise (gave word) | wa'ād (idda qōl) |
| ,, pronounce | lafaz, imp. olfoz |
| ,, pull | sbadd, garr; imp. shidd, gurr |
| ,, put | hatt, imp. hott |
| ,, read | qara, imp. iqra |
| ,, receive | istalam, imp. istilim |
| ,, remember | tazakkar, imp. itzakkar |
| ,, remind | zakkar, fakkar |
| ,, repair | sallaḥ, 'ammar |
| ,, repeat | kerrar |
| ,, return (come or go back) | rag'a, imp. irg'a |
| ,, return (give back) | ragg'a, imp. ragg'a |
| ,, ride | rekeb, imp. irkab |
| to rise | qāam, imp. qūm |
| ,, rub | da'ak, imp. ida'ak |
| ,, run | geri, imp. igri |
| ,, run away | ḥarab, imp. iḥrab |
| ,, say | qāl, imp. qul |
| ,, see | shāf, imp. shūf |
| ,, seize | mesek, imp. imsek |
| ,, sell | bā'a |
| ,, select | intakhab, akbtār; imp. intakhib, ikhtar |
| ,, send | ba,at, imp. ib,at |
| ,, send | back ragg'a, imp. ragg'a |
| ,, set | ḥatt, wada; imp. ḥott, ūda |
| ,, shoot | asstād, darab bundoqīeh, darab rusāsah (bullet) |
| ,, show | warra |
| ,, smell | shamm, imp. shimm |
| ,, smoke (tobacco) | sharab dokhān, imp. ishrab dokhān |
| ,, speak | takallam, imp. itkallim |
| ,, spoil | khassar, talaf, atlaf |
| ,, stand | weqef, imp. uqaf |
| ,, starve | māt min el gū'a, māt bil gū'a |
| ,, stay | fedel, isstanna |
| ,, steal | saraq, imp. issraq |
| ,, study | ta'allam |
| ,, suffer | taḥammal |
| ,, suggest | ashār |
| ,, swallow | balā, imp. iblā |
| ,, swear | ḥelef, imp. iḥlif |
| ,, swim | 'am, imp. 'um |
| ,, take | akhad, imp. khud |
| ,, taste | zāq, imp. zuq |
| ,, teach | 'allam, imp. 'allim |
| ,, tear | sharmat, imp. sharmat |
| ,, tell | qal, imp. qui |
| ,, thank | shakar, imp. oshkor |
| ,, think | zann, iftakar |
| ,, throw away | rama, imp. ermi |
| ,, translate | targam, imp. targim |
| to travel | safar |
| ,, tread | dāss, imp. doss |
| ,, turn (round) | dāauwar, imp. dāuwar |
| ,, understand | fehem |
| ,, upset | qalab, imp. iqlib |
| ,, use | ist'amal, imp. ist'amil |
| ,, wait | istanna, imp. istanna |
| ,, walk | meshi, imp. imshi |
| ,, want | aḥtag |
| ,, warm | sakhkhan, daffa; imp. sakhkhan, daffi |
| ,, warn | nassaḥ, imp. insah |
| ,, wash | ghasal, imp. ighsil |
| ,, watch | ghaffar, ḥarass; imp, oghfor, ohross |
| ,, water (horses) | saqa |
| ,, wet | ball, imp. bill |
| ,, whip | darab, imp. iddrab |
| ,, whisper | washwash, imp. washwish |
| ,, win | ghalab |
| ,, wipe | nasshef, masah; imp. nasshif, imsaḥ |
| ,, wish | arad |
| ,, work | ishtaghal, imp. ishtaghal |
| ,, wound | garaḥ |
| ,, worship | 'ābad, imp. 'ibid |
| ,, wrap | laff, imp. liff |
| ,, write | katab, imp. iktib |
| ,, yield one's-self up | salara |
| 31. The Government Ministries and Administrations. | |
| Department of the Household of H.H.the Khedive | ed dā,irah el khassa |
| Finance | el malīeh |
| Foreign Office | el khargīeh |
| Interior | ed dakhlīeh |
| Justice | el ḥaqqanīeh |
| Public Works | el ashgāl el 'umumīeh |
| Public Instruction | el ma'arif el 'umumīeh |
| War Office | el ḥarbīeh, diwān el geḥadīeh |
| Public Health Department | maslahat es siḥa el 'umumīeh |
| Police Department | maslahat el bolīs |
| Prison Department | maslahat es sugūn |
| Department of the Suppression of Slavery | maslahat man'a tigāret er raqīq or qalam el raqīq |
| Office of the Inspector - General of Irrigation | taftīsh 'uinūm er rā,i |
| Railway Administration | maslabat es sikkat el ḥadīd |
| Nile Steamers Service | maslahat waburāt en nil |
| Public Debt Office | sandūq ed deyn el 'umūmi |
| Customs Department | idārat 'umūm el gamārik |
| Coast Guard Service | maslahat ghafar es sawāhil |
| Post Administration | idārat 'umūm el bosta |
| Postal Service | barīd |
| Native Courts | el maḥākim el ahlīeh |
| Court of First Instance | el maḥkamat el ibtidaīeh (maḥkamat āuwel daragah) |
| Court of Appeal | maḥkamat el ist'īnaf |
| Quarantine Board | maslaḥat es siḥa el baḥrīeh wal karantīnāt |
| Municipal Council | el komisyon el baladi |
| 32. [4]Military Titles. | |
| Private nafar | |
| bugler; drummer | burūgi; tabbāl, trombetgi |
| farrier | beytār |
| trumpeter | trombetgi, burūgi |
| lance-corporal | wakīl onbāshi |
| corporal | onbāshi |
| sergeant | shaweysh |
| sergeant-major | bash shaweysh |
| quarter-master sergeant | buluk amīn |
| adjutant-major | saghkolaghāsi |
| chief clerk | bash kātib |
| warrant officer | sōl |
| sub-lieutenant | mulāzim tāni |
| lieutenant | mulāzim āuwel |
| captain | yuzbāshi |
| major | binbāshi |
| lieutenant-colonel | qāimaqām |
| colonel | miralāi |
| brigadier-general | lewa |
| lieutenant-general | farīk |
| field-marshal | mushīr |
| doctor | ḥakīm, plu. ḥukama |
| surgeon | ḥakīm, plu. ḥukama |
| paymaster (treasurer) | khiznidār, sarrāf |
| adjutant | mo'awin, plu. mo'awnīn |
| commanding officer | hukumdār, komandān |
| commandant | hukumdār, komandān |
| chief-of-the-staff | rā,is arkān el ḥarb |
| field-officer | zābit 'azīm |
| general officer | zābit karīm |
| staff-officer | zābit arkān el ḥarb |
| brigade-major | arkān ḥarb el lewa |
| commander-in-chief | sirdar |
| His Excellency (address of a field-marshal) | dāulátlu |
| Your Excellency | sa 'adétkum |
| 33. [5]Naval and Military Terms. | |
| Together with useful Words for all Banks. | |
| Absence (leave of) | agāzah |
| accoutrements | meheymāt |
| acquittal | tabrīah |
| admiral | amīr el bāhr |
| advance | īlaréy |
| advance (to) | taqaddam |
| advanced guard | bashdār |
| ,,party | gemā'ah muteqaddamah |
| ,, post | nuqtah muteqaddamah |
| alarm post | nuqtat el kabsah |
| alert | házir ol |
| ambulance | shefakhānah |
| ammunition | gabakhānah, zakhīrah |
| ammunition pouch | kaffah |
| ammunition wagon | 'arabīet el gabakhānah |
| anchor | mirsāh |
| anchorage | marsa |
| armistice | matārakah, hudnah |
| armourer | tufekgi [pronounce tufenkshi) |
| arms | asliḥa |
| army | geysh, 'askar |
| army-corps | firkah |
| army order | 'amr 'askari |
| arrow | nibl, sahm |
| arsenal | tubkhānah |
| artillery | tubgīeh |
| as you were! | |
| yárina! | |
| attack | hugūm, mukagamah |
| ,,,form for | hugūma (teshkil ol) |
| ,,, false | hugum kāzib |
| ,, , flank | hugūm 'ala el gamb |
| ,, , front | hugūum 'ala el muwágahah |
| ,, , 1st line of | āuwel kbatt el hūgum |
| ,, , 2nd line of | tāni khatt el hugūm |
| attention! | zinhār |
| axle | qotb |
| backsight | nishangah |
| badges | 'alāmāt er rutab |
| band | muslkah |
| barrack | qishlaq |
| base | asās |
| battalion | orta, plu. orat |
| battery (field) | batarīeh (māidān) |
| battle | waq'ah |
| bayonet | singa (Turkish sungi) |
| bayonets, fix | sǘngey dik |
| ,,unfix | súngey inder |
| belt | qāyish, hizām |
| binoculars | nadārah |
| bit (for horse) | fekk, ligām |
| bivouac (to) | bāyit bidūn khiyām |
| blacking | bōyah |
| bomb | bombah |
| bombard (to) | darab bil bomb |
| booty ghanīmah | |
| boot | gezmah |
| breadth | 'ard |
| breastband | sinaband |
| bribe | bartīl, rashwah |
| bridle | ligām, plu. ālgima |
| brigade | lewa |
| broad | arīd |
| bugle | būri |
| ,,sound | nōbah |
| bullet | rusāsah |
| by the right, left, centre | saghdá, soldá, wasátda |
| camel | gamal, plu. gimāl; f. nāqa |
| camel's riding-saddle | makhlūfah, gabīt |
| camel for riding | hegīn |
| campm | mu'askar, urdī |
| camp kettle | qazān |
| cannon, gun | madf'a |
| capture (to) | asar |
| carriage wheel | 'agalah |
| cartridge | kartūsh, fishenk |
| ,,, blank | fishenk (fārigh) |
| cavalry | suwāri, khiyālah |
| cavalry walk | sīr el ashkīn |
| ,, trot | sīr el gār |
| ,,, prepare for! | sawāri karshu dāuwarān! |
| cease fire! | nōbet ateshi kās! |
| certificate | shehādah, plu. shehādāt, or tazkārah |
| certificate of discharge | raftīeh |
| chain | silsilah, plu. salásil, zingīr |
| change of front | taghyīr el ittigāh, tabdīl hāiya |
| ,,,, position | taghyīr el wad'a, tabdīl yeri |
| charge, prepare to | hugūma házir ol |
| charge! | hugūm! |
| cholera | koléra |
| close | yaklasheyn |
| commence | firing bashlana atésh |
| company | buluk |
| ,,, half | yārim buluk |
| ,,, double | buluk muzdāwig |
| cloak | 'abāyah, kabud |
| colours of a regiment | beyraq |
| column | orda, kōl |
| ,, of building | 'amū, plu. 'imdān |
| column, close | kōl mutaqārib |
| ,,, double | shift kōl |
| ,,, half | yārim kōl |
| ,,, line of—s | tābūr kōlah |
| ,,, mass of—s | magmū'a kōlāt |
| ,,of divisions | sinfja kōl |
| ,,of route | kōl es seyr |
| ,,of sub-divivisions | tobja kōl |
| ,,, quarter | dar-kōl |
| combatant | muḥārib |
| ,,,non- | gheyr muḥārib |
| command | ḥukumdārīeh |
| ,,, words of | nida |
| commissariat | kism et t'ayināt |
| compasses | bargal, ibrat |
| cook | tabbākh |
| court-martial | meglis 'askari |
| ,,,,, district | ,,,,markázi |
| ,,,,, general | ,,,,'aāli |
| ,,,,, proceedings of | igra,āt el meglis el 'askari |
| ,,,,, regimental | meglis 'askari alāyi |
| ,,,,, summary | ,,,,waqti |
| court of inquiry | meglis et taḥqīq |
| confined to barracks | maḥgūz bil qishlāq |
| conduct | solūk, māshi |
| connecting file | khabardār |
| countersign | parōlah |
| courage | garāah |
| crew | nāutīeh |
| crupper | kafal |
| cut (wound) | garḥ, plu. gorūḥ |
| dagger | khangar, plu. khanagir |
| decision | qarār |
| defaulter | muznib maḥgūz |
| defaulter's book | daftar ez zunub |
| defaulter's drill | ta'alīm el muznibīn |
| defence | mudāf'a |
| defile | darband |
| deployment | fatḥ |
| depot | asās |
| deserter | ḥārib, ḥarbān |
| detached file | qatar munfásil |
| detachment | sarīyah |
| diarrhoea | is-hāl, līn |
| diary, journal | daftar yōmīeh |
| discipline | zabt va rabt |
| disembarkation | nuzūl min el markab |
| dismiss (to, from service) | raft |
| ,,(off parade) | 'amal dastūr |
| dismount! | yerra in! |
| division | firqah |
| dockyard | tersānah |
| don't move! | ma taharraksh! |
| double march! | ziāda sora'átteh marsh |
| dress | hizāya |
| drill | ta'alīm |
| ,,, aiming | ,, sībiyeh |
| ,, order | hāiat et ta'alīm |
| ,,, position | ta'alīm el qiyām |
| ,,, preliminary | ta'alīm ibtidā-i |
| ,,, setting-up | ta'alīm talyīn el 'ada |
| driver | 'arbági |
| driver of pack animals | tarrās |
| drum;—(big) | trombeytah; tablah |
| drunk | sakrān |
| duties | wāgibāt |
| duty (on) | nobetji (pronounce nobátshi) |
| dysentery | dusuntārīeh |
| ease, march at | yolga |
| ,,, stand at | yarinda safa |
| echelon | tadrīg |
| embarkation | nuzūl fil baḥr |
| encampment | mu'askar |
| enemy | dushman, 'adu |
| engagement qitāl | |
| engineer | muhándis |
| enlistment iktitāb | |
| entrenchment | dirwah |
| equipment | meheymat |
| escort | ḥaras |
| examination | imtiḥān |
| exercise, bayonet sungi ta'alīm | |
| ,,,firing | atesh ta'alīm |
| ,,,manual | aning silah isti'amāli |
| ,,,review | maḥarān sungi ta'alīm |
| ,,, rifle | ta'allm el bunduqieh |
| ,,, shelter-trench | ta'alīm 'amal ed dirwah wal khandaq |
| expedition (military) safarīeh | |
| extend | nōbet achileyn |
| fall in! | sagha bak! (Turkish, look to your right!) |
| farrier | beytār |
| fatigue | tulbah |
| ,, party tulbah | |
| field-day | yom māidan |
| ,, -exercises | ta'alīmāt 'askarīeh |
| ,, -glass | naddārah māidān |
| field-gun | madf'a urdi, māīdan |
| field-hospital | tālja naqqāli,isbitalia māidān |
| field officer | zābit 'azīm |
| file | qatar |
| ,, , blank | qatar fārigh |
| ,, , connecting | khabardār |
| ,, , even | qatar shift |
| ,, , leading | qatar amami |
| ,, , odd | qatar fardi |
| ,, , in single | fardán fardán, bir-eyr bir-eyr |
| fire | nār |
| fire! atesh! | |
| flag | sanjak, beyraq, 'alam |
| flank gamb, gāanib | |
| flank, directing | gamb samt et tawaggah |
| ,,, inner | el gamb ed dākhil |
| ,,, left | el gamb esh shemal |
| ,,, outer | el gamb el khārig |
| flank, reverse | el gamb el mun 'ākis |
| ,, , right | el gamb el mun 'ākis |
| flanker | ganbdar |
| fleet | dunanmah |
| foot-soldier | 'askari |
| forage | 'alīq |
| foresight (gun) | zīh |
| ,,(rifle) | dibbānah |
| formation | tashkīl |
| fort, fortress | tābiya, qal'ah, husn |
| fortify (to) | istaḥkam |
| fortress wall | sūr el qal'ah |
| forward! | li qodam! |
| form fours! | durdeyr! |
| from the right, left, centre | saghdān, soldān, wasátdān |
| front | qodām |
| front form! | tábra! |
| front rank | es saff el āuwel |
| funeral | ginnāzah |
| furlough | rukhset ghiyāb, agāzab |
| gaiters | tuzluq |
| gallop | ramah, durtna'l |
| garrison | hāmiyeh |
| general (s.) | basha |
| girdle | hizām |
| girth | hizām, sherīhah |
| glove | aldiwān |
| government | ḥukūmah |
| governor | ḥākim, mihāfi |
| grave (s.) | kabr, torbah |
| great-coat | kabbūd |
| groom (brush a horse) | timār |
| groups, form | gem'átcha (ol) |
| guard, escort | haras |
| ,,(of soldiers) | ghafar |
| ,,(advanced) | bashdār |
| ,,(rear) | dimdār |
| guard turn in | karakól dastūr |
| ,,turn out | karakól sitāh |
| gun (musket) | bunduqīeh |
| gun-carriage | gundāq, 'arabīyet el madf'a |
| gunner | tubgi |
| gun-powder | barud |
| half-column | yārim kōl |
| ,, company | sinf |
| ,, section (cavalry) | yarimsinf |
| halt! | oqaf! dur! |
| halt at noon (to) | gāyyel (Ar.) |
| halt for the night (to) | bāyyet (Ar.) |
| halter | rashm |
| hay (chopped straw) | dirīs (tibn) |
| head-quarters | el markaz, el komandanīeh |
| helmet | tāsāh |
| horse | hosān, plu. kheyl |
| ,,(a brown) | hosān asmar |
| ,,(a dark grey) hosān singābi | |
| horse-brush | forshah timār |
| ,,cloth | fūtah timār |
| horse's hoof | hāfir |
| ,,mane | ma'arafa |
| ,,shoe | na'al |
| ,,tail | deyl |
| hospital | isbitālia |
| hut | zimlik |
| imprisonment | habs |
| incline! | mā,ilan! |
| independent firing | nōbet atesh |
| infantry | biyādah |
| ,,, | mounted biyādah rāakibah |
| inspection parade | tabūr teftīsh |
| instructor | ta'alīmgi |
| insubordination | 'adam el inqiyād |
| Intelligence Department | qalam el mukhābarat |
| interval | fasil |
| intoxicated | sākran |
| intrench (to) | istaḥkam |
| in which direction? | ila eyn? |
| in what strength? | bi kām min 'asākīr? |
| ironclad | merkab ḥadīd |
| judge | qādi |
| killed | maktūl |
| knapsack | garabandīeh |
| ladder | sillim |
| lance, spear | mizrāq, ḥarbah |
| lantern | fanūs, plu. fawānīs |
| lanyard | habl el kabsul |
| lashing | filāsah |
| latrine | adabkhānah |
| lay down your arms! | irmi silāḥak! |
| leave of absence | agāzah, izn |
| left | sōla |
| lie down | nām (Ar.), yāt (Tur.) |
| line | tābūr, hiza |
| ,, of columns | {alāya kōla |
| ,, ,, communications | khatt el muwāsilah |
| ,, ,, fire | ittigāh er rami |
| ,, ,, operations | khatt el harak |
| ,, ,, retreat | khatt er rugū'a |
| ,, ,, sight | khatt en nāzer |
| main-body | asās |
| manœuvre | munāura |
| map | khartah |
| march! | marsh! |
| marksman | nashāangi |
| marquee tent | markuwis |
| military police | bolīs 'askari |
| ,, service | 'askarīeh |
| mine | lughum |
| mortar | hāawun |
| move a little to the rear | ta,akhar shuwāyah li wara |
| move forward! | imshi! yallah! |
| musketry | darb en nār |
| ,,instruction | ta'alīm darb en nār |
| muster | ta'adad |
| mutiny 'asayān | |
| muzzle (of a gun) | fumm |
| nose-bag | mikhlat 'alīq, mikblah |
| occupy (to) | iḥtall |
| officer | zābit, plu. zubāt |
| officer's undress | libs yōmi |
| ophthalmia | ramad |
| order (command) | 'amr, plu. 'awamir |
| order arms | rahāt dor |
| orderly (on duty) | nobetji (pronounce nobátshi) |
| outpost | karakōl-khārigi |
| outworks | istaḥkāmat amāmīeh |
| pace | khátwah, plu. khatāwi |
| packet of ammunition | dāsta, plu. asdās |
| parade;—, to | tābur; istaff tābūr |
| parapet | khatt en-nar |
| pass | tazkārat morūr |
| patrol | tof |
| pay, salary | mahīyah |
| peace | sulḥ |
| picket | karakōl |
| pistol | tabangah, ferd |
| plan | masqat |
| pontoon | ma' bar |
| post | nuqtah |
| prepare to mount | bin meya házir ol |
| ,,to dismount | yerra in házir ol |
| present arms | salām dor |
| ,, (in firing) | nishān |
| prison | sign, ḥabs |
| prisoner (in guard-room) | mahbūs |
| ,,of war | asīr |
| promotion | tarqīeh |
| punishment | giza |
| quarters | qishlāq |
| quick march | sora'atleh marsh |
| ,,,, , double | ziāda sora'atleh marsh |
| quickly! (with wheels) | bil'agal! |
| quinine | kinīn |
| range | rnasāfah, si'at er rami |
| ,,finder | tīlīmetr |
| rank (in army) | rutbah |
| ,,(line of men) | saff |
| rank and file | anfār es saff |
| rank—front, rear | es saff el āuwel, tāni |
| rations | girāyah, t'ayīn, t'ayīnāt |
| ready | doldor |
| ready (in firing) | hāder (Ar.) |
| rear | gíria |
| rear form! | ,,tábra |
| reconnaissance | istikshāf |
| recruit | 'askari mustegidd |
| redoubt | hisn, tābiyah |
| regiment | alāi |
| regulations | qawanīn |
| reinforcement | taqwīa (Ar.) |
| reins | surū'a, plu. asr'a |
| relief (change) | ghiyār |
| report | taqrīr |
| reserves | ihlīyatīa |
| retire (to) | ta,akhar |
| retire! | gíria! |
| retreat (to) | takahkar |
| rifle | bunduqīeh |
| rifleman | sheshkhānah |
| rifling | sheshkhānah |
| rise! | qum (Ar.); kalk (Tur.) |
| rush! | īgri (Ar.) |
| sack | kīs |
| saddle (camel) | ghabīt, makhlūfab, iddah |
| ,,(for a horse) | serg, plu. surug |
| saddler | serūgi |
| salute | salām |
| sapper | baltaggi |
| scouts | kashāfa |
| section | sinf, plu. asnāf |
| semaphore | samafōr |
| sentry | didebān, gbafīr, plu. ghufara |
| shell | dānah |
| ship-of-war | markab ḥarb |
| shot (cannon ball) | gullah |
| sight of a gun | kumhah |
| signal; signaller | isharah; ishāragi |
| ,,party | gemā'at el ishārah |
| skirmish (to) | tasharkhag |
| skirmisher | sharkhaggi |
| slowly! | 'ala mahlak! |
| small shot | rush |
| snaffle | kantarmah |
| soldier | gindi, plu, ganādi, 'askari |
| spur | mamūuz, plu. mahmīz |
| spy | gāsūs, basās |
| squadron | orta sawāri |
| square | qal 'ah |
| stable | isstabl, plu. isstablāt |
| staff (military) | arkān harb |
| stall | akhūr |
| stirrup | rikāb, plu. rikabāt |
| support | imdād |
| surrender (to) | sallam, imp. sallim |
| ,, upon terms (to) | sallam bi-shurūt |
| sword | seyf |
| target | tákhtah |
| tattoo | nōbet tamām |
| telescope | dūrbīn, nadārah |
| tent | kheymah, plu. khiyām |
| tent-peg | watad, plu. āutād |
| theft | serīqah |
| to the right | īla el yamīn |
| to the left | īla esh shimāl |
| to the rear | īla el khalf |
| transfer | intiqāl |
| transport | hamlah |
| trenches, rampart, redoubt | mitrās |
| troops | 'asāakir |
| ,,(regular) | nizām |
| ,,(reserve) | redif |
| trot | el gār |
| trumpet | būri |
| tunic | sitrah |
| undress (daily dress) | el libs el yōmi |
| uniform | kiswah |
| valise | garabandīeh sawāri |
| vedette | didebān sawāri |
| veterinary surgeon | hakīm beytari |
| victory | zafar, intisār |
| volley firing | tabūr atesh |
| walk (at a horse's) | ashkīn |
| war | ḥarb |
| water-bottle | zamzamīeh |
| wheel, right—left | saghyāna—solyāna—katar |
| wheeling | dāuarān |
| wing, left—right | sōl-kōl—sagh-kōl |
| wounded | magrūḥ, niabtūḥ |
| wound in the head (contusion) | batḥ |
| 34. Commercial and Trading Terms. | |
| Bale | bālah |
| bank | bank |
| basalt | hagar iswad |
| buy (to) | ishtara |
| calico | baftah, shāsh |
| capital | rās el-māl |
| chips (rough stone) | dabsh |
| counting-house | maktab |
| credit (on) | shukuk |
| debt | deyn |
| flint | sowān |
| granite | hagar sowān |
| gravel | haswah |
| leather | gild |
| letter of exchange | hawāalah, kambiālah |
| limestone | hagar abiad, or hagar gīr |
| linen | quttān |
| loan | sulfah |
| loss | khasārah |
| merchant | tāgir |
| mud | tīn |
| package | fardah |
| pay to— | daf'a—, wafa— |
| per cent. | bil mīyah |
| profit | fāyidah, maksab |
| sand | rami |
| sandstone | hagar ramleh |
| sell (to) | ba'a |
| silk | ḥarīr |
| weight | wazn, tuql |
| wool | sūf |
| 35. Religious Words for Missionary Workers. | |
| Jesus Christ | yasū'a cl inasīḥ |
| life | ḥāyat |
| death | mōt |
| right (justice) | ḥaqq |
| wrong (mistake) | ghalat |
| praise | ḥamd |
| spirit | rūh |
| heaven | sama |
| peace | salam |
| heart | qalb |
| mind | 'aql |
| love | maḥabbah |
| faith | emām |
| believe | aman |
| prayer (pray) | sāla (salla) |
| hope | raja |
| whosoever | mīn |
| give | iddī |
| receive | qabal |
| everlasting | abadi |
| lost (lose) | mafqūd |
| died | māt |
| substitute | nāyib |
| instead of | bedel 'an |
| blood | dam |
| forgiveness | simāḥ |
| forgive | sāmaḥ |
| sins | khatāyā |
| trust | tiqa |
| enter in | dakhal |
| salvation | khalās |
| holy spirit | er rūḥ el quds |
| holiness | qadāsah |
| obey | t'au |
| clean | nadīf |
| thoughts | afkār |
| words | kalimāt |
| seek (ask for) | otlob |
| gladness | inbisāt |
- ↑ The Egyptians formerly employed the Coptic (ancient Egyptian) names of the solar months. The European names, as given above, are in general use now, concurrently with the Coptic, which are retained for agricultural purposes.
- ↑ The h is a ha, but pronounced like hay
- ↑ Note.—Literally—"He abandoned," third person singular, past tense, indicative mood. All the verbs in this list are expressed in same manner, that being regarded in Arabic as the root of the verb. But the imperatives are mostly added here, as being the most requisite form. The past participle is formed by prefixing ma—, matruk, abandoned.
- ↑ Mostly Turkish.
- ↑ Including some Turkish words of command, &c.