Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008/Title I

TITLE I — FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE

Sec. 101. Additional Procedures Regarding Certain Persons Outside the United States.

(a) In General.—

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) is amended—

(1) by striking title VII; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

``TITLE VII — ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES REGARDING CERTAIN PERSONS OUTSIDE THE UNTITED STATES

``Sec. 701. Definitions.

``(a) In General.—The terms ‘agent of a foreign power’, ‘Attorney General’, ‘contents’, ‘electronic surveillance’, ‘foreign intelligence information’, ‘foreign power’, ‘person’, ‘United States’, and ‘United States person’ have the meanings given such terms in section 101, except as specifically provided in this title.

``(b) Additional Definitions.—

``(1) Congressional intelligence committees.—The term ‘congressional intelligence committees’ means—

``(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and

``(B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

``(2) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court; Court.—The terms ‘Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court’ and ‘Court’ mean the court established under section 103(a).

``(3) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review; Court of Review.—The terms ‘Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review’ and ‘Court of Review’ mean the court established under section 103(b).

``(4) Electronic communication service provider.—The term ‘electronic communication service provider’ means—

``(A) a telecommunications carrier, as that term is defined in section 3 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 153);

``(B) a provider of electronic communication service, as that term is defined in section 2510 of title 18, United States Code;

``(C) a provider of a remote computing service, as that term is defined in section 2711 of title 18, United States Code;

``(D) any other communication service provider who has access to wire or electronic communications either as such communications are transmitted or as such communications are stored; or

``(E) an officer, employee, or agent of an entity described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D).

``(5) Intelligence community.—The term ‘intelligence community’ has the meaning given the term in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401a(4)).

``Sec. 702. Procedures for Targeting Certain Persons Outside the United States Other than United States Persons.

``(a) Authorization.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, upon the issuance of an order in accordance with subsection (i)(3) or a determination under subsection (c)(2), the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence may authorize jointly, for a period of up to 1 year from the effective date of the authorization, the targeting of persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States to acquire foreign intelligence information.

``(b) Limitations.—An acquisition authorized under subsection (a)—

``(1) may not intentionally target any person known at the time of acquisition to be located in the United States;

``(2) may not intentionally target a person reasonably believed to be located outside the United States if the purpose of such acquisition is to target a particular, known person reasonably believed to be in the United States;

``(3) may not intentionally target a United States person reasonably believed to be located outside the United States;

``(4) may not intentionally acquire any communication as to which the sender and all intended recipients are known at the time of the acquisition to be located in the United States; and

``(5) shall be conducted in a manner consistent with the fourth amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

``(c) Conduct of acquisition.—

``(1) In general.—An acquisition authorized under subsection (a) shall be conducted only in accordance with—

``(A) the targeting and minimization procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e); and

``(B) upon submission of a certification in accordance with subsection (g), such certification.

``(2) Determination.—A determination under this paragraph and for purposes of subsection (a) is a determination by the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence that exigent circumstances exist because, without immediate implementation of an authorization under subsection (a), intelligence important to the national security of the United States may be lost or not timely acquired and time does not permit the issuance of an order pursuant to subsection (i)(3) prior to the implementation of such authorization.

``(3) Timing of determination.—The Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence may make the determination under paragraph (2)—

``(A) before the submission of a certification in accordance with subsection (g); or

``(B) by amending a certification pursuant to subsection (i)(1)(C) at any time during which judicial review under subsection (i) of such certification is pending.

``(4) Construction.—Nothing in title I shall be construed to require an application for a court order under such title for an acquisition that is targeted in accordance with this section at a person reasonably believed to be located outside the United States.

``(d) Targeting procedures.—

``(1) Requirement to adopt.—The Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall adopt targeting procedures that are reasonably designed to—

``(A) ensure that any acquisition authorized under subsection (a) is limited to targeting persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States; and

``(B) prevent the intentional acquisition of any communication as to which the sender and all intended recipients are known at the time of the acquisition to be located in the United States.

``(2) Judicial review.—The procedures adopted in accordance with paragraph (1) shall be subject to judicial review pursuant to subsection (i).

``(e) Minimization procedures.—

``(1) Requirement to adopt.—The Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall adopt minimization procedures that meet the definition of minimization procedures under section 101(h) or 301(4), as appropriate, for acquisitions authorized under subsection (a).

``(2) Judicial review.—The minimization procedures adopted in accordance with paragraph (1) shall be subject to judicial review pursuant to subsection (i).

``(f) Guidelines for compliance with limitations.—

``(1) Requirement to adopt.—The Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall adopt guidelines to ensure—

``(A) compliance with the limitations in subsection (b); and

``(B) that an application for a court order is filed as required by this Act.

``(2) Submission of guidelines.—The Attorney General shall provide the guidelines adopted in accordance with paragraph (1) to—

``(A) the congressional intelligence committees;

``(B) the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives; and

``(C) the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.

``(g) Certification.—

``(1) In general.—

``(A) Requirement.—Subject to subparagraph (B), prior to the implementation of an authorization under subsection (a), the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence shall provide to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court a written certification and any supporting affidavit, under oath and under seal, in accordance with this subsection.

``(B) Exception.—If the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence make a determination under subsection (c)(2) and time does not permit the submission of a certification under this subsection prior to the implementation of an authorization under subsection (a), the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence shall submit to the Court a certification for such authorization as soon as practicable but in no event later than 7 days after such determination is made.

``(2) Requirements.—A certification made under this subsection shall—

``(A) attest that—

``(i) there are procedures in place that have been approved, have been submitted for approval, or will be submitted with the certification for approval by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court that are reasonably designed to—

``(I) ensure that an acquisition authorized under subsection (a) is limited to targeting persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States; and

``(II) prevent the intentional acquisition of any communication as to which the sender and all intended recipients are known at the time of the acquisition to be located in the United States;

``(ii) the minimization procedures to be used with respect to such acquisition—

``(I) meet the definition of minimization procedures under section 101(h) or 301(4), as appropriate; and

``(II) have been approved, have been submitted for approval, or will be submitted with the certification for approval by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court;

``(iii) guidelines have been adopted in accordance with subsection (f) to ensure compliance with the limitations in subsection (b) and to ensure that an application for a court order is filed as required by this Act;

``(iv) the procedures and guidelines referred to in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) are consistent with the requirements of the fourth amendment to the Constitution of the United States;

``(v) a significant purpose of the acquisition is to obtain foreign intelligence information;

``(vi) the acquisition involves obtaining foreign intelligence information from or with the assistance of an electronic communication service provider; and

``(vii) the acquisition complies with the limitations in subsection (b);

``(B) include the procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e);

``(C) be supported, as appropriate, by the affidavit of any appropriate official in the area of national security who is—

``(i) appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; or

``(ii) the head of an element of the intelligence community;

``(D) include—

``(i) an effective date for the authorization that is at least 30 days after the submission of the written certification to the court; or

``(ii) if the acquisition has begun or the effective date is less than 30 days after the submission of the written certification to the court, the date the acquisition began or the effective date for the acquisition; and

``(E) if the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence make a determination under subsection (c)(2), include a statement that such determination has been made.

``(3) Change in effective date.—The Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence may advance or delay the effective date referred to in paragraph (2)(D) by submitting an amended certification in accordance with subsection (i)(1)(C) to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court for review pursuant to subsection (i).

``(4) Limitation.—A certification made under this subsection is not required to identify the specific facilities, places, premises, or property at which an acquisition authorized under subsection (a) will be directed or conducted.

``(5) Maintenance of certification.—The Attorney General or a designee of the Attorney General shall maintain a copy of a certification made under this subsection.

``(6) Review.—A certification submitted in accordance with this subsection shall be subject to judicial review pursuant to subsection (i).

``(h) Directives and judicial review of directives.—

``(1) Authority.—With respect to an acquisition authorized under subsection (a), the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence may direct, in writing, an electronic communication service provider to—

``(A) immediately provide the Government with all information, facilities, or assistance necessary to accomplish the acquisition in a manner that will protect the secrecy of the acquisition and produce a minimum of interference with the services that such electronic communication service provider is providing to the target of the acquisition; and

``(B) maintain under security procedures approved by the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence any records concerning the acquisition or the aid furnished that such electronic communication service provider wishes to maintain.

``(2) Compensation.—The Government shall compensate, at the prevailing rate, an electronic communication service provider for providing information, facilities, or assistance in accordance with a directive issued pursuant to paragraph (1).

``(3) Release from liability.—No cause of action shall lie in any court against any electronic communication service provider for providing any information, facilities, or assistance in accordance with a directive issued pursuant to paragraph (1).

``(4) Challenging of directives.—

``(A) Authority to challenge.—An electronic communication service provider receiving a directive issued pursuant to paragraph (1) may file a petition to modify or set aside such directive with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, which shall have jurisdiction to review such petition.

``(B) Assignment.—The presiding judge of the Court shall assign a petition filed under subparagraph (A) to 1 of the judges serving in the pool established under section 103(e)(1) not later than 24 hours after the filing of such petition.

``(C) Standards for review.—A judge considering a petition filed under subparagraph (A) may grant such petition only if the judge finds that the directive does not meet the requirements of this section, or is otherwise unlawful.

``(D) Procedures for initial review.—A judge shall conduct an initial review of a petition filed under subparagraph (A) not later than 5 days after being assigned such petition. If the judge determines that such petition does not consist of claims, defenses, or other legal contentions that are warranted by existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument for extending, modifying, or reversing existing law or for establishing new law, the judge shall immediately deny such petition and affirm the directive or any part of the directive that is the subject of such petition and order the recipient to comply with the directive or any part of it. Upon making a determination under this subparagraph or promptly thereafter, the judge shall provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for such determination.

``(E) Procedures for plenary review.—If a judge determines that a petition filed under subparagraph (A) requires plenary review, the judge shall affirm, modify, or set aside the directive that is the subject of such petition not later than 30 days after being assigned such petition. If the judge does not set aside the directive, the judge shall immediately affirm or affirm with modifications the directive, and order the recipient to comply with the directive in its entirety or as modified. The judge shall provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for a determination under this subparagraph.

``(F) Continued effect.—Any directive not explicitly modified or set aside under this paragraph shall remain in full effect.

``(G) Contempt of court.—Failure to obey an order issued under this paragraph may be punished by the Court as contempt of court.

``(5) Enforcement of directives.—

``(A) Order to compel.—If an electronic communication service provider fails to comply with a directive issued pursuant to paragraph (1), the Attorney General may file a petition for an order to compel the electronic communication service provider to comply with the directive with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, which shall have jurisdiction to review such petition.

``(B) Assignment.—The presiding judge of the Court shall assign a petition filed under subparagraph (A) to 1 of the judges serving in the pool established under section 103(e)(1) not later than 24 hours after the filing of such petition.

``(C) Procedures for review.—A judge considering a petition filed under subparagraph (A) shall, not later than 30 days after being assigned such petition, issue an order requiring the electronic communication service provider to comply with the directive or any part of it, as issued or as modified, if the judge finds that the directive meets the requirements of this section and is otherwise lawful. The judge shall provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for a determination under this paragraph.

``(D) Contempt of court.—Failure to obey an order issued under this paragraph may be punished by the Court as contempt of court.

``(E) Process.—Any process under this paragraph may be served in any judicial district in which the electronic communication service provider may be found.

``(6) Appeal.—

``(A) Appeal to the court of review.—The Government or an electronic communication service provider receiving a directive issued pursuant to paragraph (1) may file a petition with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review for review of a decision issued pursuant to paragraph (4) or (5). The Court of Review shall have jurisdiction to consider such petition and shall provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for a decision under this subparagraph.

``(B) Certiorari to the supreme court.—The Government or an electronic communication service provider receiving a directive issued pursuant to paragraph (1) may file a petition for a writ of certiorari for review of a decision of the Court of Review issued under subparagraph (A). The record for such review shall be transmitted under seal to the Supreme Court of the United States, which shall have jurisdiction to review such decision.

``(i) Judicial review of certifications and procedures.—

``(1) In general.—

``(A) Review by the foreign intelligence surveillance court.—The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court shall have jurisdiction to review a certification submitted in accordance with subsection (g) and the targeting and minimization procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e), and amendments to such certification or such procedures.

``(B) Time period for review.—The Court shall review a certification submitted in accordance with subsection (g) and the targeting and minimization procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e) and shall complete such review and issue an order under paragraph (3) not later than 30 days after the date on which such certification and such procedures are submitted.

``(C) Amendments.—The Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence may amend a certification submitted in accordance with subsection (g) or the targeting and minimization procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e) as necessary at any time, including if the Court is conducting or has completed review of such certification or such procedures, and shall submit the amended certification or amended procedures to the Court not later than 7 days after amending such certification or such procedures. The Court shall review any amendment under this subparagraph under the procedures set forth in this subsection. The Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence may authorize the use of an amended certification or amended procedures pending the Court’s review of such amended certification or amended procedures.

``(2) Review.—The Court shall review the following:

``(A) Certification.—A certification submitted in accordance with subsection (g) to determine whether the certification contains all the required elements.

``(B) Targeting procedures.—The targeting procedures adopted in accordance with subsection (d) to assess whether the procedures are reasonably designed to—

``(i) ensure that an acquisition authorized under subsection (a) is limited to targeting persons reasonably believed to be located outside the United States; and

``(ii) prevent the intentional acquisition of any communication as to which the sender and all intended recipients are known at the time of the acquisition to be located in the United States.

``(C) Minimization procedures.—The minimization procedures adopted in accordance with subsection (e) to assess whether such procedures meet the definition of minimization procedures under section 101(h) or section 301(4), as appropriate.

``(3) Orders.—

``(A) Approval.—If the Court finds that a certification submitted in accordance with subsection (g) contains all the required elements and that the targeting and minimization procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e) are consistent with the requirements of those subsections and with the fourth amendment to the Constitution of the United States, the Court shall enter an order approving the certification and the use, or continued use in the case of an acquisition authorized pursuant to a determination under subsection (c)(2), of the procedures for the acquisition.

``(B) Correction of deficiencies.—If the Court finds that a certification submitted in accordance with subsection (g) does not contain all the required elements, or that the procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e) are not consistent with the requirements of those subsections or the fourth amendment to the Constitution of the United States, the Court shall issue an order directing the Government to, at the Government’s election and to the extent required by the Court’s order—

``(i) correct any deficiency identified by the Court’s order not later than 30 days after the date on which the Court issues the order; or

``(ii) cease, or not begin, the implementation of the authorization for which such certification was submitted.

``(C) Requirement for written statement.—In support of an order under this subsection, the Court shall provide, simultaneously with the order, for the record a written statement of the reasons for the order.

``(4) Appeal.—

``(A) Appeal to the court of review.—The Government may file a petition with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review for review of an order under this subsection. The Court of Review shall have jurisdiction to consider such petition. For any decision under this subparagraph affirming, reversing, or modifying an order of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, the Court of Review shall provide for the record a written statement of the reasons for the decision.

``(B) Continuation of acquisition pending rehearing or appeal.—Any acquisition affected by an order under paragraph (3)(B) may continue—

``(i) during the pendency of any rehearing of the order by the Court en banc; and

``(ii) if the Government files a petition for review of an order under this section, until the Court of Review enters an order under subparagraph (C).

``(C) Implementation pending appeal.—Not later than 60 days after the filing of a petition for review of an order under paragraph (3)(B) directing the correction of a deficiency, the Court of Review shall determine, and enter a corresponding order regarding, whether all or any part of the correction order, as issued or modified, shall be implemented during the pendency of the review.

``(D) Certiorari to the supreme court.—The Government may file a petition for a writ of certiorari for review of a decision of the Court of Review issued under subparagraph (A). The record for such review shall be transmitted under seal to the Supreme Court of the United States, which shall have jurisdiction to review such decision.

``(5) Schedule.—

``(A) Reauthorization of authorizations in effect.—If the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence seek to reauthorize or replace an authorization issued under subsection (a), the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence shall, to the extent practicable, submit to the Court the certification prepared in accordance with subsection (g) and the procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e) at least 30 days prior to the expiration of such authorization.

``(B) Reauthorization of orders, authorizations, and directives.—If the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence seek to reauthorize or replace an authorization issued under subsection (a) by filing a certification pursuant to subparagraph (A), that authorization, and any directives issued thereunder and any order related thereto, shall remain in effect, notwithstanding the expiration provided for in subsection (a), until the Court issues an order with respect to such certification under paragraph (3) at which time the provisions of that paragraph and paragraph (4) shall apply with respect to such certification.

``(j) Judicial Proceedings.—

``(1) Expedited judicial proceedings.—Judicial proceedings under this section shall be conducted as expeditiously as possible.

``(2) Time limits.—A time limit for a judicial decision in this section shall apply unless the Court, the Court of Review, or any judge of either the Court or the Court of Review, by order for reasons stated, extends that time as necessary for good cause in a manner consistent with national security.

``(k) Maintenance and security of records and proceedings.—

``(1) Standards.—The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court shall maintain a record of a proceeding under this section, including petitions, appeals, orders, and statements of reasons for a decision, under security measures adopted by the Chief Justice of the United States, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence.

``(2) Filing and review.—All petitions under this section shall be filed under seal. In any proceedings under this section, the Court shall, upon request of the Government, review ex parte and in camera any Government submission, or portions of a submission, which may include classified information.

``(3) Retention of records.—The Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence shall retain a directive or an order issued under this section for a period of not less than 10 years from the date on which such directive or such order is issued.

``(l) Assessments and reviews.—

``(1) Semiannual assessment.—Not less frequently than once every 6 months, the Attorney General and Director of National Intelligence shall assess compliance with the targeting and minimization procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e) and the guidelines adopted in accordance with subsection (f) and shall submit each assessment to—

``(A) the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court; and

``(B) consistent with the Rules of the House of Representatives, the Standing Rules of the Senate, and Senate Resolution 400 of the 94th Congress or any successor Senate resolution—

``(i) the congressional intelligence committees; and

``(ii) the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

``(2) Agency assessment.—The Inspector General of the Department of Justice and the Inspector General of each element of the intelligence community authorized to acquire foreign intelligence information under subsection (a), with respect to the department or element of such Inspector General—

``(A) are authorized to review compliance with the targeting and minimization procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e) and the guidelines adopted in accordance with subsection (f);

``(B) with respect to acquisitions authorized under subsection (a), shall review the number of disseminated intelligence reports containing a reference to a United States-person identity and the number of United States-person identities subsequently disseminated by the element concerned in response to requests for identities that were not referred to by name or title in the original reporting;

``(C) with respect to acquisitions authorized under subsection (a), shall review the number of targets that were later determined to be located in the United States and, to the extent possible, whether communications of such targets were reviewed; and

``(D) shall provide each such review to—

``(i) the Attorney General;

``(ii) the Director of National Intelligence; and

``(iii) consistent with the Rules of the House of Representatives, the Standing Rules of the Senate, and Senate Resolution 400 of the 94th Congress or any successor Senate resolution—

``(I) the congressional intelligence committees; and

``(II) the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

``(3) Annual review.—

``(A) Requirement to conduct.—The head of each element of the intelligence community conducting an acquisition authorized under subsection (a) shall conduct an annual review to determine whether there is reason to believe that foreign intelligence information has been or will be obtained from the acquisition. The annual review shall provide, with respect to acquisitions authorized under subsection (a)—

``(i) an accounting of the number of disseminated intelligence reports containing a reference to a United States-person identity;

``(ii) an accounting of the number of United States-person identities subsequently disseminated by that element in response to requests for identities that were not referred to by name or title in the original reporting;

``(iii) the number of targets that were later determined to be located in the United States and, to the extent possible, whether communications of such targets were reviewed; and

``(iv) a description of any procedures developed by the head of such element of the intelligence community and approved by the Director of National Intelligence to assess, in a manner consistent with national security, operational requirements and the privacy interests of United States persons, the extent to which the acquisitions authorized under subsection (a) acquire the communications of United States persons, and the results of any such assessment.

``(B) Use of review.—The head of each element of the intelligence community that conducts an annual review under subparagraph (A) shall use each such review to evaluate the adequacy of the minimization procedures utilized by such element and, as appropriate, the application of the minimization procedures to a particular acquisition authorized under subsection (a).

``(C) Provision of review.—The head of each element of the intelligence community that conducts an annual review under subparagraph (A) shall provide such review to—

``(i) the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court;

``(ii) the Attorney General;

``(iii) the Director of National Intelligence; and

``(iv) consistent with the Rules of the House of Representatives, the Standing Rules of the Senate, and Senate Resolution 400 of the 94th Congress or any successor Senate resolution—

``(I) the congressional intelligence committees; and

``(II) the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

``Sec. 703. Certain Acquisitions Inside the United States Targeting United States Persons Outside the United States.

``(a) Jurisdiction of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.—

``(1) In general.—The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court shall have jurisdiction to review an application and to enter an order approving the targeting of a United States person reasonably believed to be located outside the United States to acquire foreign intelligence information, if the acquisition constitutes electronic surveillance or the acquisition of stored electronic communications or stored electronic data that requires an order under this Act, and such acquisition is conducted within the United States.

``(2) Limitation.—If a United States person targeted under this subsection is reasonably believed to be located in the United States during the effective period of an order issued pursuant to subsection (c), an acquisition targeting such United States person under this section shall cease unless the targeted United States person is again reasonably believed to be located outside the United States while an order issued pursuant to subsection (c) is in effect. Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the authority of the Government to seek an order or authorization under, or otherwise engage in any activity that is authorized under, any other title of this Act.

``(b) Application.—

``(1) In general.—Each application for an order under this section shall be made by a Federal officer in writing upon oath or affirmation to a judge having jurisdiction under subsection (a)(1). Each application shall require the approval of the Attorney General based upon the Attorney General’s finding that it satisfies the criteria and requirements of such application, as set forth in this section, and shall include—

``(A) the identity of the Federal officer making the application;

``(B) the identity, if known, or a description of the United States person who is the target of the acquisition;

``(C) a statement of the facts and circumstances relied upon to justify the applicant's belief that the United States person who is the target of the acquisition is—

``(i) a person reasonably believed to be located outside the United States; and

``(ii) a foreign power, an agent of a foreign power, or an officer or employee of a foreign power;

``(D) a statement of proposed minimization procedures that meet the definition of minimization procedures under section 101(h) or 301(4), as appropriate;

``(E) a description of the nature of the information sought and the type of communications or activities to be subjected to acquisition;

``(F) a certification made by the Attorney General or an official specified in section 104(a)(6) that—

``(i) the certifying official deems the information sought to be foreign intelligence information;

``(ii) a significant purpose of the acquisition is to obtain foreign intelligence information;

``(iii) such information cannot reasonably be obtained by normal investigative techniques;

``(iv) designates the type of foreign intelligence information being sought according to the categories described in section 101(e); and

``(v) includes a statement of the basis for the certification that—

``(I) the information sought is the type of foreign intelligence information designated; and

``(II) such information cannot reasonably be obtained by normal investigative techniques;

``(G) a summary statement of the means by which the acquisition will be conducted and whether physical entry is required to effect the acquisition;

``(H) the identity of any electronic communication service provider necessary to effect the acquisition, provided that the application is not required to identify the specific facilities, places, premises, or property at which the acquisition authorized under this section will be directed or conducted;

``(I) a statement of the facts concerning any previous applications that have been made to any judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court involving the United States person specified in the application and the action taken on each previous application; and

``(J) a statement of the period of time for which the acquisition is required to be maintained, provided that such period of time shall not exceed 90 days per application.

``(2) Other requirements of the Attorney General.—The Attorney General may require any other affidavit or certification from any other officer in connection with the application.

``(3) Other requirements of the judge.—The judge may require the applicant to furnish such other information as may be necessary to make the findings required by subsection (c)(1).

``(c) Order.—

``(1) Findings.—Upon an application made pursuant to subsection (b), the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court shall enter an ex parte order as requested or as modified by the Court approving the acquisition if the Court finds that—

``(A) the application has been made by a Federal officer and approved by the Attorney General;

``(B) on the basis of the facts submitted by the applicant, for the United States person who is the target of the acquisition, there is probable cause to believe that the target is—

``(i) a person reasonably believed to be located outside the United States; and

``(ii) a foreign power, an agent of a foreign power, or an officer or employee of a foreign power;

``(C) the proposed minimization procedures meet the definition of minimization procedures under section 101(h) or 301(4), as appropriate; and

``(D) the application that has been filed contains all statements and certifications required by subsection (b) and the certification or certifications are not clearly erroneous on the basis of the statement made under subsection (b)(1)(F)(v) and any other information furnished under subsection (b)(3).

``(2) Probable cause.—In determining whether or not probable cause exists for purposes of paragraph (1)(B), a judge having jurisdiction under subsection (a)(1) may consider past activities of the target and facts and circumstances relating to current or future activities of the target. No United States person may be considered a foreign power, agent of a foreign power, or officer or employee of a foreign power solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

``(3) Review.—

``(A) Limitation on review.—Review by a judge having jurisdiction under subsection (a)(1) shall be limited to that required to make the findings described in paragraph (1).

``(B) Review of probable cause.—If the judge determines that the facts submitted under subsection (b) are insufficient to establish probable cause under paragraph (1)(B), the judge shall enter an order so stating and provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for the determination. The Government may appeal an order under this subparagraph pursuant to subsection (f).

``(C) Review of minimization procedures.—If the judge determines that the proposed minimization procedures referred to in paragraph (1)(C) do not meet the definition of minimization procedures under section 101(h) or 301(4), as appropriate, the judge shall enter an order so stating and provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for the determination. The Government may appeal an order under this subparagraph pursuant to subsection (f).

``(D) Review of certification.—If the judge determines that an application pursuant to subsection (b) does not contain all of the required elements, or that the certification or certifications are clearly erroneous on the basis of the statement made under subsection (b)(1)(F)(v) and any other information furnished under subsection (b)(3), the judge shall enter an order so stating and provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for the determination. The Government may appeal an order under this subparagraph pursuant to subsection (f).

``(4) Specifications.—An order approving an acquisition under this subsection shall specify—

``(A) the identity, if known, or a description of the United States person who is the target of the acquisition identified or described in the application pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(B);

``(B) if provided in the application pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(H), the nature and location of each of the facilities or places at which the acquisition will be directed;

``(C) the nature of the information sought to be acquired and the type of communications or activities to be subjected to acquisition;

``(D) a summary of the means by which the acquisition will be conducted and whether physical entry is required to effect the acquisition; and

``(E) the period of time during which the acquisition is approved.

``(5) Directives.—An order approving an acquisition under this subsection shall direct—

``(A) that the minimization procedures referred to in paragraph (1)(C), as approved or modified by the Court, be followed;

``(B) if applicable, an electronic communication service provider to provide to the Government forthwith all information, facilities, or assistance necessary to accomplish the acquisition authorized under such order in a manner that will protect the secrecy of the acquisition and produce a minimum of interference with the services that such electronic communication service provider is providing to the target of the acquisition;

``(C) if applicable, an electronic communication service provider to maintain under security procedures approved by the Attorney General any records concerning the acquisition or the aid furnished that such electronic communication service provider wishes to maintain; and

``(D) if applicable, that the Government compensate, at the prevailing rate, such electronic communication service provider for providing such information, facilities, or assistance.

``(6) Duration.—An order approved under this subsection shall be effective for a period not to exceed 90 days and such order may be renewed for additional 90-day periods upon submission of renewal applications meeting the requirements of subsection (b).

``(7) Compliance.—At or prior to the end of the period of time for which an acquisition is approved by an order or extension under this section, the judge may assess compliance with the minimization procedures referred to in paragraph (1)(C) by reviewing the circumstances under which information concerning United States persons was acquired, retained, or disseminated.

``(d) Emergency Authorization.—

``(1) Authority for emergency authorization.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, if the Attorney General reasonably determines that—

``(A) an emergency situation exists with respect to the acquisition of foreign intelligence information for which an order may be obtained under subsection (c) before an order authorizing such acquisition can with due diligence be obtained, and

``(B) the factual basis for issuance of an order under this subsection to approve such acquisition exists, the Attorney General may authorize such acquisition if a judge having jurisdiction under subsection (a)(1) is informed by the Attorney General, or a designee of the Attorney General, at the time of such authorization that the decision has been made to conduct such acquisition and if an application in accordance with this section is made to a judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court as soon as practicable, but not more than 7 days after the Attorney General authorizes such acquisition.

``(2) Minimization procedures.—If the Attorney General authorizes an acquisition under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall require that the minimization procedures referred to in subsection (c)(1)(C) for the issuance of a judicial order be followed.

``(3) Termination of emergency authorization.—In the absence of a judicial order approving an acquisition under paragraph (1), such acquisition shall terminate when the information sought is obtained, when the application for the order is denied, or after the expiration of 7 days from the time of authorization by the Attorney General, whichever is earliest.

``(4) Use of information.—If an application for approval submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) is denied, or in any other case where the acquisition is terminated and no order is issued approving the acquisition, no information obtained or evidence derived from such acquisition, except under circumstances in which the target of the acquisition is determined not to be a United States person, shall be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, office, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, or political subdivision thereof, and no information concerning any United States person acquired from such acquisition shall subsequently be used or disclosed in any other manner by Federal officers or employees without the consent of such person, except with the approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person.

``(e) Release from Liability.—No cause of action shall lie in any court against any electronic communication service provider for providing any information, facilities, or assistance in accordance with an order or request for emergency assistance issued pursuant to subsection (c) or (d), respectively.

``(f) Appeal.—

``(1) Appeal to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review.—The Government may file a petition with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review for review of an order issued pursuant to subsection (c). The Court of Review shall have jurisdiction to consider such petition and shall provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for a decision under this paragraph.

``(2) Certiorari to the Supreme Court.—The Government may file a petition for a writ of certiorari for review of a decision of the Court of Review issued under paragraph (1). The record for such review shall be transmitted under seal to the Supreme Court of the United States, which shall have jurisdiction to review such decision.

``(g) Construction.—Except as provided in this section, nothing in this Act shall be construed to require an application for a court order for an acquisition that is targeted in accordance with this section at a United States person reasonably believed to be located outside the United States.

``Sec. 704. Other Acquisitions Targeting United States Persons Outside the United States.

``(a) Jurisdiction and Scope.—

``(1) Jurisdiction.—The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court shall have jurisdiction to enter an order pursuant to subsection (c).

``(2) Scope.—No element of the intelligence community may intentionally target, for the purpose of acquiring foreign intelligence information, a United States person reasonably believed to be located outside the United States under circumstances in which the targeted United States person has a reasonable expectation of privacy and a warrant would be required if the acquisition were conducted inside the United States for law enforcement purposes, unless a judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court has entered an order with respect to such targeted United States person or the Attorney General has authorized an emergency acquisition pursuant to subsection (c) or (d), respectively, or any other provision of this Act.

``(3) Limitations.—

``(A) Moving or misidentified targets.—If a United States person targeted under this subsection is reasonably believed to be located in the United States during the effective period of an order issued pursuant to subsection (c), an acquisition targeting such United States person under this section shall cease unless the targeted United States person is again reasonably believed to be located outside the United States during the effective period of such order.

``(B) Applicability.—If an acquisition for foreign intelligence purposes is to be conducted inside the United States and could be authorized under section 703, the acquisition may only be conducted if authorized under section 703 or in accordance with another provision of this Act other than this section.

``(C) Construction.—Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to limit the authority of the Government to seek an order or authorization under, or otherwise engage in any activity that is authorized under, any other title of this Act.

``(b) Application.—Each application for an order under this section shall be made by a Federal officer in writing upon oath or affirmation to a judge having jurisdiction under subsection (a)(1). Each application shall require the approval of the Attorney General based upon the Attorney General’s finding that it satisfies the criteria and requirements of such application as set forth in this section and shall include—

``(1) the identity of the Federal officer making the application;

``(2) the identity, if known, or a description of the specific United States person who is the target of the acquisition;

``(3) a statement of the facts and circumstances relied upon to justify the applicant's belief that the United States person who is the target of the acquisition is—

``(A) a person reasonably believed to be located outside the United States; and

``(B) a foreign power, an agent of a foreign power, or an officer or employee of a foreign power;

``(4) a statement of proposed minimization procedures that meet the definition of minimization procedures under section 101(h) or 301(4), as appropriate;

``(5) a certification made by the Attorney General, an official specified in section 104(a)(6), or the head of an element of the intelligence community that—

``(A) the certifying official deems the information sought to be foreign intelligence information; and

``(B) a significant purpose of the acquisition is to obtain foreign intelligence information;

``(6) a statement of the facts concerning any previous applications that have been made to any judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court involving the United States person specified in the application and the action taken on each previous application; and

``(7) a statement of the period of time for which the acquisition is required to be maintained, provided that such period of time shall not exceed 90 days per application.

``(c) Order.—

``(1) Findings.—Upon an application made pursuant to subsection (b), the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court shall enter an ex parte order as requested or as modified by the Court if the Court finds that—

``(A) the application has been made by a Federal officer and approved by the Attorney General;

``(B) on the basis of the facts submitted by the applicant, for the United States person who is the target of the acquisition, there is probable cause to believe that the target is—

``(i) a person reasonably believed to be located outside the United States; and

``(ii) a foreign power, an agent of a foreign power, or an officer or employee of a foreign power;

``(C) the proposed minimization procedures, with respect to their dissemination provisions, meet the definition of minimization procedures under section 101(h) or 301(4), as appropriate; and

``(D) the application that has been filed contains all statements and certifications required by subsection (b) and the certification provided under subsection (b)(5) is not clearly erroneous on the basis of the information furnished under subsection (b).

``(2) Probable cause.—In determining whether or not probable cause exists for purposes of paragraph (1)(B), a judge having jurisdiction under subsection (a)(1) may consider past activities of the target and facts and circumstances relating to current or future activities of the target. No United States person may be considered a foreign power, agent of a foreign power, or officer or employee of a foreign power solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

``(3) Review.—

``(A) Limitations on review.—Review by a judge having jurisdiction under subsection (a)(1) shall be limited to that required to make the findings described in paragraph (1). The judge shall not have jurisdiction to review the means by which an acquisition under this section may be conducted.

``(B) Review of probable cause.—If the judge determines that the facts submitted under subsection (b) are insufficient to establish probable cause to issue an order under this subsection, the judge shall enter an order so stating and provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for such determination. The Government may appeal an order under this subparagraph pursuant to subsection (e).

``(C) Review of minimization procedures.—If the judge determines that the minimization procedures applicable to dissemination of information obtained through an acquisition under this subsection do not meet the definition of minimization procedures under section 101(h) or 301(4), as appropriate, the judge shall enter an order so stating and provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for such determination. The Government may appeal an order under this subparagraph pursuant to subsection (e).

``(D) Scope of review of certification.—If the judge determines that an application under subsection (b) does not contain all the required elements, or that the certification provided under subsection (b)(5) is clearly erroneous on the basis of the information furnished under subsection (b), the judge shall enter an order so stating and provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for such determination. The Government may appeal an order under this subparagraph pursuant to subsection (e).

``(4) Duration.—An order under this paragraph shall be effective for a period not to exceed 90 days and such order may be renewed for additional 90-day periods upon submission of renewal applications meeting the requirements of subsection (b).

``(5) Compliance.—At or prior to the end of the period of time for which an order or extension is granted under this section, the judge may assess compliance with the minimization procedures referred to in paragraph (1)(C) by reviewing the circumstances under which information concerning United States persons was disseminated, provided that the judge may not inquire into the circumstances relating to the conduct of the acquisition.

``(d) Emergency authorization.—

``(1) Authority for emergency authorization.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, if the Attorney General reasonably determines that—

``(A) an emergency situation exists with respect to the acquisition of foreign intelligence information for which an order may be obtained under subsection (c) before an order under that subsection can, with due diligence, be obtained, and

``(B) the factual basis for the issuance of an order under this section exists, the Attorney General may authorize the emergency acquisition if a judge having jurisdiction under subsection (a)(1) is informed by the Attorney General or a designee of the Attorney General at the time of such authorization that the decision has been made to conduct such acquisition and if an application in accordance with this section is made to a judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court as soon as practicable, but not more than 7 days after the Attorney General authorizes such acquisition.

``(2) Minimization procedures.—If the Attorney General authorizes an emergency acquisition under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall require that the minimization procedures referred to in subsection (c)(1)(C) be followed.

``(3) Termination of emergency authorization.—In the absence of an order under subsection (c), an emergency acquisition under paragraph (1) shall terminate when the information sought is obtained, if the application for the order is denied, or after the expiration of 7 days from the time of authorization by the Attorney General, whichever is earliest.

``(4) Use of information.—If an application submitted to the Court pursuant to paragraph (1) is denied, or in any other case where the acquisition is terminated and no order with respect to the target of the acquisition is issued under subsection (c), no information obtained or evidence derived from such acquisition, except under circumstances in which the target of the acquisition is determined not to be a United States person, shall be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, office, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, or political subdivision thereof, and no information concerning any United States person acquired from such acquisition shall subsequently be used or disclosed in any other manner by Federal officers or employees without the consent of such person, except with the approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person.

``(e) Appeal.—

``(1) Appeal to the court of review.—The Government may file a petition with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review for review of an order issued pursuant to subsection (c). The Court of Review shall have jurisdiction to consider such petition and shall provide a written statement for the record of the reasons for a decision under this paragraph.

``(2) Certiorari to the Supreme Court.—The Government may file a petition for a writ of certiorari for review of a decision of the Court of Review issued under paragraph (1). The record for such review shall be transmitted under seal to the Supreme Court of the United States, which shall have jurisdiction to review such decision.´´

``Sec. 705. Joint Applications and Concurrent Authorizations.

``(a) Joint Applications and Orders.—If an acquisition targeting a United States person under section 703 or 704 is proposed to be conducted both inside and outside the United States, a judge having jurisdiction under section 703(a)(1) or 704(a)(1) may issue simultaneously, upon the request of the Government in a joint application complying with the requirements of sections 703(b) and 704(b), orders under sections 703(c) and 704(c), as appropriate.

``(b) Concurrent Authorization.—If an order authorizing electronic surveillance or physical search has been obtained under section 105 or 304, the Attorney General may authorize, for the effective period of that order, without an order under section 703 or 704, the targeting of that United States person for the purpose of acquiring foreign intelligence information while such person is reasonably believed to be located outside the United States.

``Sec. 706. Use of Information Acquired Under Title VII.

``(a) Information Acquired Under Section 702.—Information acquired from an acquisition conducted under section 702 shall be deemed to be information acquired from an electronic surveillance pursuant to title I for purposes of section 106, except for the purposes of subsection (j) of such section.

``(b) Information Acquired Under Section 703.—Information acquired from an acquisition conducted under section 703 shall be deemed to be information acquired from an electronic surveillance pursuant to title I for purposes of section 106.

``Sec. 707. Congressional Oversight.

``(a) Semiannual Report.—Not less frequently than once every 6 months, the Attorney General shall fully inform, in a manner consistent with national security, the congressional intelligence committees and the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives, consistent with the Rules of the House of Representatives, the Standing Rules of the Senate, and Senate Resolution 400 of the 94th Congress or any successor Senate resolution, concerning the implementation of this title.

``(b) Content.—Each report under subsection (a) shall include—

``(1) with respect to section 702—

``(A) any certifications submitted in accordance with section 702(g) during the reporting period;

``(B) with respect to each determination under section 702(c)(2), the reasons for exercising the authority under such section;

``(C) any directives issued under section 702(h) during the reporting period;

``(D) a description of the judicial review during the reporting period of such certifications and targeting and minimization procedures adopted in accordance with subsections (d) and (e) of section 702 and utilized with respect to an acquisition under such section, including a copy of an order or pleading in connection with such review that contains a significant legal interpretation of the provisions of section 702;

``(E) any actions taken to challenge or enforce a directive under paragraph (4) or (5) of section 702(h);

``(F) any compliance reviews conducted by the Attorney General or the Director of National Intelligence of acquisitions authorized under section 702(a);

``(G) a description of any incidents of noncompliance—

``(i) with a directive issued by the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence under section 702(h), including incidents of noncompliance by a specified person to whom the Attorney General and Director of National Intelligence issued a directive under section 702(h); and

``(ii) by an element of the intelligence community with procedures and guidelines adopted in accordance with subsections (d), (e), and (f) of section 702; and

``(H) any procedures implementing section 702;

``(2) with respect to section 703—

``(A) the total number of applications made for orders under section 703(b);

``(B) the total number of such orders—

``(i) granted;

``(ii) modified; and

``(iii) denied; and

``(C) the total number of emergency acquisitions authorized by the Attorney General under section 703(d) and the total number of subsequent orders approving or denying such acquisitions; and

``(3) with respect to section 704—

``(A) the total number of applications made for orders under section 704(b);

``(B) the total number of such orders—

``(i) granted;

``(ii) modified; and

``(iii) denied; and

``(C) the total number of emergency acquisitions authorized by the Attorney General under section 704(d) and the total number of subsequent orders approving or denying such applications.

``Sec. 708. Savings Provision.

``Nothing in this title shall be construed to limit the authority of the Government to seek an order or authorization under, or otherwise engage in any activity that is authorized under, any other title of this Act.´´.

(b) Table of Contents.—

The table of contents in the first section of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) is amended—

(1) by striking the item relating to title VII;

(2) by striking the item relating to section 701; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

``TITLE VII—ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES REGARDING CERTAIN PERSONS OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES

``Sec. 701. Definitions.

``Sec. 702. Procedures for Targeting Certain Persons Outside the United States other than United States Persons.

``Sec. 703. Certain Acquisitions Inside the United States Targeting United States Persons Outside the United States.

``Sec. 704. Other Acquisitions Targeting United States Persons Outside the United States.

``Sec. 705. Joint Applications and Concurrent Authorizations.

``Sec. 706. Use of Information Acquired Under Title VII.

``Sec. 707. Congressional Oversight.

``Sec. 708. Savings Provision.´´.

(c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.—

(1) title 18, United States Code.—

Section 2511(2)(a)(ii)(A) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting “or a court order pursuant to section 704 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978” after “assistance”.

(2) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.—

Section 601(a)(1) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1871(a)(1)) is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking “and”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:

``(E) acquisitions under section 703; and

``(F) acquisitions under section 704;´´.

Sec. 102. Statement of Exclusive Means by Which Electronic Surveillance and Interception of Certain Communications may be Conducted.

(a) Statement of Exclusive Means.—

Title I of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``Sec. 112. Statement of Exclusive Means by Which Electronic Surveillance and Interception of Certain Communications may be Conducted.

``(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the procedures of chapters 119, 121, and 206 of title 18, United States Code, and this Act shall be the exclusive means by which electronic surveillance and the interception of domestic wire, oral, or electronic communications may be conducted.

``(b) Only an express statutory authorization for electronic surveillance or the interception of domestic wire, oral, or electronic communications, other than as an amendment to this Act or chapters 119, 121, or 206 of title 18, United States Code, shall constitute an additional exclusive means for the purpose of subsection (a).´´.

(b) Offense.—

Section 109(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1809(a)) is amended by striking “authorized by statute” each place it appears and inserting “authorized by this Act, chapter 119, 121, or 206 of title 18, United States Code, or any express statutory authorization that is an additional exclusive means for conducting electronic surveillance under section 112.”; and

(c) Conforming Amendments.—

(1) title 18, United States Code.—Section 2511(2)(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``(iii) If a certification under subparagraph (ii)(B) for assistance to obtain foreign intelligence information is based on statutory authority, the certification shall identify the specific statutory provision and shall certify that the statutory requirements have been met.´´; and

(2) Table of Contents.—

The table of contents in the first section of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 111, the following new item:

``Sec. 112. Statement of Exclusive Means by Which Electronic Surveillance and Interception of Certain Communications may be Conducted.´´.

Sec. 103. Submittal to Congress of Certain Court Orders Under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.

(a) Inclusion of Certain Orders in Semiannual Reports of Attorney General.—

Subsection (a)(5) of section 601 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1871) is amended by striking “(not including orders)” and inserting “, orders,”.

(b) Reports by Attorney General on Certain Other Orders.—

Such section 601 is further amended by adding at the end the following:

``(c) Submissions to Congress.—The Attorney General shall submit to the committees of Congress referred to in subsection (a)—

``(1) a copy of any decision, order, or opinion issued by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review that includes significant construction or interpretation of any provision of this Act, and any pleadings, applications, or memoranda of law associated with such decision, order, or opinion, not later than 45 days after such decision, order, or opinion is issued; and

``(2) a copy of each such decision, order, or opinion, and any pleadings, applications, or memoranda of law associated with such decision, order, or opinion, that was issued during the 5-year period ending on the date of the enactment of the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 and not previously submitted in a report under subsection (a).

``(d) Protection of National Security.—The Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, may authorize redactions of materials described in subsection (c) that are provided to the committees of Congress referred to in subsection (a), if such redactions are necessary to protect the national security of the United States and are limited to sensitive sources and methods information or the identities of targets.´´.

(c) Definitions.—

Such section 601, as amended by subsections (a) and (b), is further amended by adding at the end the following:

``(e) Definitions.—In this section:

``(1) Foreign intelligence surveillance court.—The term ‘Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court’ means the court established under section 103(a).

``(2) Foreign intelligence surveillance court of review.—The term ‘Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review’ means the court established under section 103(b).´´.

Sec. 104. Applications for Court Orders.

Section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) by striking paragraphs (2) and (11);

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (10) as paragraphs (2) through (9), respectively;

(C) in paragraph (5), as redesignated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, by striking “detailed”;

(D) in paragraph (6), as redesignated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—

(i) by striking “Affairs or” and inserting “Affairs,”; and

(ii) by striking “Senate—” and inserting “Senate, or the Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, if designated by the President as a certifying official—”;

(E) in paragraph (7), as redesignated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, by striking “statement of” and inserting “summary statement of”;

(F) in paragraph (8), as redesignated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, by adding “and” at the end; and

(G) in paragraph (9), as redesignated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, by striking “; and” and inserting a period;

(2) by striking subsection (b);

(3) by redesignating subsections (c) through (e) as subsections (b) through (d), respectively; and

(4) in paragraph (1)(A) of subsection (d), as redesignated by paragraph (3) of this subsection, by striking “or the Director of National Intelligence” and inserting “the Director of National Intelligence, or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency´´.

Sec. 105. Issuance of an Order.

(a) In General.—

Section 105 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1805) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) by striking paragraph (1); and

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (5) as paragraphs (1) through (4), respectively;

(2) in subsection (b), by striking “(a)(3)” and inserting “(a)(2)”;

(3) in subsection (c)(1)—

(A) in subparagraph (D), by adding “and” at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (E), by striking “; and” and inserting a period; and

(C) by striking subparagraph (F);

(4) by striking subsection (d);

(5) by redesignating subsections (e) through (i) as subsections (d) through (h), respectively;

(6) by amending subsection (e), as redesignated by paragraph (5) of this section, to read as follows:

``(e)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the Attorney General may authorize the emergency employment of electronic surveillance if the Attorney General—

``(A) reasonably determines that an emergency situation exists with respect to the employment of electronic surveillance to obtain foreign intelligence information before an order authorizing such surveillance can with due diligence be obtained;

``(B) reasonably determines that the factual basis for the issuance of an order under this title to approve such electronic surveillance exists;

``(C) informs, either personally or through a designee, a judge having jurisdiction under section 103 at the time of such authorization that the decision has been made to employ emergency electronic surveillance; and

``(D) makes an application in accordance with this title to a judge having jurisdiction under section 103 as soon as practicable, but not later than 7 days after the Attorney General authorizes such surveillance.

``(2) If the Attorney General authorizes the emergency employment of electronic surveillance under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall require that the minimization procedures required by this title for the issuance of a judicial order be followed.

``(3) In the absence of a judicial order approving such electronic surveillance, the surveillance shall terminate when the information sought is obtained, when the application for the order is denied, or after the expiration of 7 days from the time of authorization by the Attorney General, whichever is earliest.

``(4) A denial of the application made under this subsection may be reviewed as provided in section 103.

``(5) In the event that such application for approval is denied, or in any other case where the electronic surveillance is terminated and no order is issued approving the surveillance, no information obtained or evidence derived from such surveillance shall be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, office, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, or political subdivision thereof, and no information concerning any United States person acquired from such surveillance shall subsequently be used or disclosed in any other manner by Federal officers or employees without the consent of such person, except with the approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person.

``(6) The Attorney General shall assess compliance with the requirements of paragraph (5).´´; and

(7) by adding at the end the following:

``(i) In any case in which the Government makes an application to a judge under this title to conduct electronic surveillance involving communications and the judge grants such application, upon the request of the applicant, the judge shall also authorize the installation and use of pen registers and trap and trace devices, and direct the disclosure of the information set forth in section 402(d)(2).´´.

(b) Conforming Amendment.—

Section 108(a)(2)(C) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1808(a)(2)(C)) is amended by striking “105(f)” and inserting “105(e)”;

Sec. 106. Use of Information.

Subsection (i) of section 106 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (8 U.S.C. 1806) is amended by striking “radio communication” and inserting “communication”.

Sec. 107. Amendments for Physical Searches.

(a) Applications.—

Section 303 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1823) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) by striking paragraph (2);

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (9) as paragraphs (2) through (8), respectively;

(C) in paragraph (2), as redesignated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, by striking “detailed”;

(D) in paragraph (3)(C), as redesignated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, by inserting “or is about to be” before “owned”; and

(E) in paragraph (6), as redesignated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—

(i) by striking “Affairs or” and inserting “Affairs,”; and

(ii) by striking “Senate—” and inserting “Senate, or the Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, if designated by the President as a certifying official—”; and

(2) in subsection (d)(1)(A), by striking “or the Director of National Intelligence” and inserting “the Director of National Intelligence, or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency”.

(b) Orders.—

Section 304 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1824) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) by striking paragraph (1);

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (5) as paragraphs (1) through (4), respectively; and

(C) in paragraph (2)(B), as redesignated by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, by inserting “or is about to be” before “owned”; and

(2) by amending subsection (e) to read as follows:

``(e)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the Attorney General may authorize the emergency employment of a physical search if the Attorney General—

``(A) reasonably determines that an emergency situation exists with respect to the employment of a physical search to obtain foreign intelligence information before an order authorizing such physical search can with due diligence be obtained;

``(B) reasonably determines that the factual basis for issuance of an order under this title to approve such physical search exists;

``(C) informs, either personally or through a designee, a judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court at the time of such authorization that the decision has been made to employ an emergency physical search; and

``(D) makes an application in accordance with this title to a judge of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court as soon as practicable, but not more than 7 days after the Attorney General authorizes such physical search.

``(2) If the Attorney General authorizes the emergency employment of a physical search under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall require that the minimization procedures required by this title for the issuance of a judicial order be followed.

``(3) In the absence of a judicial order approving such physical search, the physical search shall terminate when the information sought is obtained, when the application for the order is denied, or after the expiration of 7 days from the time of authorization by the Attorney General, whichever is earliest.

``(4) A denial of the application made under this subsection may be reviewed as provided in section 103.

``(5) In the event that such application for approval is denied, or in any other case where the physical search is terminated and no order is issued approving the physical search, no information obtained or evidence derived from such physical search shall be received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, department, office, agency, regulatory body, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, a State, or political subdivision thereof, and no information concerning any United States person acquired from such physical search shall subsequently be used or disclosed in any other manner by Federal officers or employees without the consent of such person, except with the approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any person.

``(6) The Attorney General shall assess compliance with the requirements of paragraph (5).´´.

(c) Conforming Amendments.—

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) is amended—

(1) in section 304(a)(4), as redesignated by subsection (b) of this section, by striking “303(a)(7)(E)” and inserting “303(a)(6)(E)”; and

(2) in section 305(k)(2), by striking “303(a)(7)” and inserting “303(a)(6)”.

Sec. 108. Amendments for Emergency Pen Registers and Trap and Trace Devices.

Section 403 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1843) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking “48 hours” and inserting “7 days”; and

(2) in subsection (c)(1)(C), by striking “48 hours” and inserting “7 days”.

Sec. 109. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.

(a) Designation of Judges.—

Subsection (a) of section 103 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803) is amended by inserting “at least” before “seven of the United States judicial circuits”.

(b) En Banc Authority.—

(1) In General.—

Subsection (a) of section 103 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, as amended by subsection (a) of this section, is further amended—

(A) by inserting “(1)” after “(a)”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

``(2)(A) The court established under this subsection may, on its own initiative, or upon the request of the Government in any proceeding or a party under section 501(f) or paragraph (4) or (5) of section 702(h), hold a hearing or rehearing, en banc, when ordered by a majority of the judges that constitute such court upon a determination that—

``(i) en banc consideration is necessary to secure or maintain uniformity of the court's decisions; or

``(ii) the proceeding involves a question of exceptional importance.

``(B) Any authority granted by this Act to a judge of the court established under this subsection may be exercised by the court en banc. When exercising such authority, the court en banc shall comply with any requirements of this Act on the exercise of such authority.

``(C) For purposes of this paragraph, the court en banc shall consist of all judges who constitute the court established under this subsection.´´.

(2) Conforming Amendments.—

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 is further amended—

(A) in subsection (a) of section 103, as amended by this subsection, by inserting “(except when sitting en banc under paragraph (2))” after “no judge designated under this subsection”; and

(B) in section 302(c) (50 U.S.C. 1822(c)), by inserting “(except when sitting en banc)” after “except that no judge”.

(c) Stay or Modification During an Appeal.—

Section 103 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803) is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following new subsection:

``(f)(1) A judge of the court established under subsection (a), the court established under subsection (b) or a judge of that court, or the Supreme Court of the United States or a justice of that court, may, in accordance with the rules of their respective courts, enter a stay of an order or an order modifying an order of the court established under subsection (a) or the court established under subsection (b) entered under any title of this Act, while the court established under subsection (a) conducts a rehearing, while an appeal is pending to the court established under subsection (b), or while a petition of certiorari is pending in the Supreme Court of the United States, or during the pendency of any review by that court.

``(2) The authority described in paragraph (1) shall apply to an order entered under any provision of this Act.´´.

(d) Authority of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.—

Section 103 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803), as amended by this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``(i) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to reduce or contravene the inherent authority of the court established under subsection (a) to determine or enforce compliance with an order or a rule of such court or with a procedure approved by such court.´´.

Sec. 110. Weapons of Mass Destruction.

(a) Definitions.—

(1) Foreign Power.—

Subsection (a) of section 101 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801(a)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (5), by striking “persons; or” and inserting “persons;”;

(B) in paragraph (6) by striking the period and inserting “; or”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

``(7) an entity not substantially composed of United States persons that is engaged in the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.´´.

(2) Agent of a Foreign Power.—

Subsection (b)(1) of such section 101 is amended—

(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking “or” at the end;

(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking “or” at the end; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:

``(D) engages in the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, or activities in preparation therefor; or

``(E) engages in the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, or activities in preparation therefor for or on behalf of a foreign power; or”.

(3) Foreign Intelligence Information.—

Subsection (e)(1)(B) of such section 101 is amended by striking “sabotage or international terrorism” and inserting “sabotage, international terrorism, or the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction”.

(4) Weapon of Mass Destruction.—

Such section 101 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

``(p) ‘Weapon of mass destruction’ means—

``(1) any explosive, incendiary, or poison gas device that is designed, intended, or has the capability to cause a mass casualty incident;

``(2) any weapon that is designed, intended, or has the capability to cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of persons through the release, dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals or their precursors;

``(3) any weapon involving a biological agent, toxin, or vector (as such terms are defined in section 178 of title 18, United States Code) that is designed, intended, or has the capability to cause death, illness, or serious bodily injury to a significant number of persons; or

``(4) any weapon that is designed, intended, or has the capability to release radiation or radioactivity causing death, illness, or serious bodily injury to a significant number of persons.´´.

(b) Use of Information.—

(1) In General.—

Section 106(k)(1)(B) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1806(k)(1)(B)) is amended by striking “sabotage or international terrorism” and inserting “sabotage, international terrorism, or the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction”.

(2) Physical Searches.—

Section 305(k)(1)(B) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1825(k)(1)(B)) is amended by striking “sabotage or international terrorism” and inserting “sabotage, international terrorism, or the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction”.

(c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.—

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 is further amended—

(1) in paragraph (2) of section 105(d) (50 U.S.C. 1805(d)), as redesignated by section 105(a)(5) of this Act, by striking “section 101(a) (5) or (6)” and inserting “paragraph (5), (6), or (7) of section 101(a)”;

(2) in section 301(1) (50 U.S.C. 1821(1)), by inserting “weapon of mass destruction,” after “person,”; and

(3) in section 304(d)(2) (50 U.S.C. 1824(d)(2)), by striking “section 101(a) (5) or (6)” and inserting “paragraph (5), (6), or (7) of section 101(a)”.