Garden Cities of To-morrow/Index
INDEX
A
Act of Parliament for enforcement of rates unnecessary, 66. (See Parliament.)
Adelaide, 129
Administration, Chapters vi. , vii., viii.; effects of dissatisfaction with, not greater than in any other municipality. 99
Agricultural Land, its low value compared with city land, 28; its probable future rise in value, 136
Allen's, Mr. Grant, Description of London, 148
Allotments, their favourable situations, 33
Appropriation of wealth-forms advocated by Socialists, 117; a new creation of urged as a counter programme, 122
B
Bakeries, 82
Balfour, Right Hon. A. J., real question for working classes is one of production, not of division, 116
Baker, Sir Benj., Sewerage of London, 32; London Railways, 131
Banks, Penny, precursors of Post Office Banks, 88; Pro-Municipal, 88
Barwise, Dr., Water famine in Derbyshire, 17
Binnie, Sir Alexander, Sewerage of London, 32
Birmingham, profits on gas, 67
Blake's resolve, 20
Boffin, Mr. and Mrs., 70
Bruce, Lord, Liquor Traffic, 10
Buckingham, J. S., his scheme combined with others, 110
Building lots, number and size, 39; estimated rents, 41
—Societies, a field for, 89
Burns, Mr. J., M.P., L.C.C., 89
C
Cadbury, George, and temperance, 85
Capital, How raised, 20, 43; security for, 63, 64. (See "Wealth Forms and Vested Interests.")
Cawston, Arthur, Scheme for London improvement, 149
Central Council, Its Rights, powers, and duties, 71; delegation of its powers, 72; how constituted, 74
Chamberlain, Right Hon. Joseph, Limits of Municipal activity, 68
Charitable Institutions, 27, 65
Chester, Bishop of, Temperance, 85
Children and water famine, 17; nearness to schools, 48
China, Alleged effects of opium, 10
Churches, 24, 39
Circle Railway, 25; cost of, 58, 60; Railway and Canal Traffic Act (1894), 60
Cities, Alarming growth of, 11; true mode of growth, 51, 128
Clifford, on growth of railways, 127
Cobbett, on London, 1 1
Common ownership of land, how brought about, 21, 124
Communism, Difficulties of. 95–6
Compensation for improvements, 34
Competition, Rents fixed by, 21; as test of systems, 26, 74; effect on prices, 80
Consumers' League, 83
Co-operative farms, 25
—kitchens, 24
—organisation and disorganisation, 90
—stores, 82
—principle, ample scope for growth of, 27, 70, 84
Country, depopulation of, 11
Country life and town life contrasted and combined, 15, 19
County Councils, Larger powers for, 134
Cow pastures, 25
Cricket fields, 63
Crystal Palace, 23, 77
D
Daily Chronicle. Cost of rehousing, 53
Daily News. Life in our villages, 12
Debentures A, Rate of interest and how secured, 20, 21
—B, Rate of interest and how secured, 43, 63
Departments, The, 73
Distribution, A more just, of wealth, combined with greater production, 117
E
Electricity, profit on, in Manchester, 67
Electric light, 25, 31
Estimates, 58
F
Factories, 25; diagram, 3; estimated rents, 41
Failures foundation of success, 94; causes of former considered, chap. ix.
Fairman, Frank, Poor cannot be raised without depressing rich, 116
Farquharson, Dr., on rings of middlemen, 32
Farrar, Dean, Growth of cities, 11
Fields, farms, and workshops, Krapotkin, 31
Floods and water famine, 17
Force without, compared with impulse within, 138
Freedom, (See Liberty.)
G
George, Henry, All blame on landlords, 124
Gorst, Sir John, on growth of cities, 11, 19
Grand Arcade. (See Crystal Palace and Local Option.)
—Avenue, 24, 39, 40
Green, J. R., on sudden changes, 9
Ground rents 1s. 1d. per head, 39; how applied, 40
H
Hawthorne. Human nature, like a potato, requires transplanting, 126.
Hobson. Physiology of industry, 91
Hyndman, Mr., Views of, 119
I
Increment of land value secured by migrants, 29
Individual taste encouraged, 24
individualism, an excellent principle, but should be associated with co-operation, 96; thus carrying out principle advocated by Lord Rosebery, 117; society may become more Individualistic and more Socialistic, 116.
Industry, Redistribution of, 142
Inspection, 24
Insurance against accident or sickness, 28
Interest. (See Debentures.)
Isolated efforts, necessity for, 95
Issues, distinct, raised at election times, 75
J
Jerusalem, Blake's Resolution, 20
K
Kidd, Mr. Benj., on antagonism between interests of society and of individual, 117
Krapotkin, Prince, Fields, farms, and workshops, 31
L
Labour leaders, a programme for, 90
—saving machinery, object lesson in, 55
Land compared with other wealth forms, 118, 122
Landlord, Average man a potential, 124; landlords will become divided into two camps, 135, 136; their Nemesis, 147
Landlord's rent, meaning of term, 35; insignificant amount in Garden City, 39
Land system may be attacked without attacking individuals, 28, 124, 135
Large farms, 25
Laundries, 82
Lawn tennis courts, 63.
Leases contain favourable covenants, 40
Liberty, Principles of, fully observed, 26, 87, 96, 112, 141
Library Public, 22; diagram 3; cost, 58, 62
Lighting, 25, 26, 66
Local option and shopping, 77; its effects on prices, quality, and wages, 80; it diminishes risks, 80; reduces working expenses, 82; checks sweating, 83; application to liquor traffic, 84
Local Self-government, Problem of, solved, 72
London, Growth of, Lord Rosebery on, 1 1; high rents, 28, 144; their impending fall, 144; sewerage system "unalterably settled," 33; area too small for its population, 38; growth chaotic, 52; Garden City contrasted with, 51; cost of its school sites and buildings compared with Garden City, 48; cost of dwellings contrasted, 53, 54; excessive number of shops, 81; want of railroad system, 131; contrast with Garden City's system, 130; its future, chap. xiii.; its continued growth generally anticipated, 142; this leads to mistaken policy of London County Council, 143; its large debt and small assets, 144, 145; simultaneous fall of ground values and rise of rates as the withdrawal of population makes debt per head larger, 145; cost of moving to and from work ever increasing, 146; comparison with Garden City in this respect; slum property falls to zero, 146; transformation of London, 147; London on strike against its landlords, 148; the squalid village," unless entirely reconstructed, will become deserted, 148; proposals for reconstruction of, 149
M
Machinery, 55
Madgen, Mr. W. L., on Industrial Redistribution, 142
Magnets, The Three, 16
Management expenses, 62
Manchester, profit on electricity, 67
Mann, Tom, on the depopulation of the country, 13
Manufacturers, choice of workmen, 77
Markets, 76; town forms a natural market for farmers, 22, 26
Marshall, Professor, on London overcrowding, 38; on organised migration, 104
Marshall, A. and M. P., on excessive number of shops in London, 81
Master-Key, 13
"Merrie England," inconsistency of its proposals, 120
Mexico experiment, 98
Middlemen, their number reduced, 32
Migration, organised, secures, (a) combined advantages of town and country, chapters i., ii., iii., etc.; (b) full increment of land values for migrants, 29; (c) saving of compensation in respect of business disturbance, 47, 53; (d) large reduction in railway rates, 32, 51; (e) the advantages and economies of a well-planned city, 51; (f) a splendid system of water supply within its own territory; (g) proximity of workers to work, 54; (h) a greater extent of local self-government, 72; (i) plenty of space and avoids overcrowding, 88; (j) opportunities for economic use of money, 92; (k) a way of escape from present municipal obligations, 144; (l) a field of work for unemployed, 93; is advocated by Wakefield, 102; by Professor Marshall, 104
Milk, saving effected in the case of, 32
Mill, J. S., his endorsement of Wakefield, 104; on the ephemeral nature of wealth, 118
Misgovernment, check upon, 71
Money not consumed by being spent, 91; importance of dispensing with its unnecessary use, 92; set free from its enchantment, 93
Monopoly, no rigid, 27; evils of may be avoided in the case of shops, and advantages of competition secured, 79
Morley, Right Hon. J., on Temperance, 10; on the gradual adoption of new ideas, 86
Mummery and Hobson, "Physiology of Industry," 91
Municipal enterprise, growth of, how determined, 27, 70; its limits, 69, 70; at present small range compared with private, 99
N
Nationalisation must be preceded by humbler tasks, 89
Neale, Mr. V., on excessive number of shops in London, 81
Need, An urgent, 114
Nunquam. (See Merrie England.)
O
Old age pensions. (See Pensions. )
Order and freedom, reconciliation of, 141, 142
Over-crowding prevented, 88
Owen, A. K., Experiment of, 98
P
Parks and gardens, 22, 24, 39; cost of, 62
Parliamentary powers unnecessary in the early stages of railway enterprise, but requisite later; so in relation to the reform initiated by proposed experiment, 126, 134
Pensions, 28, 65
Petavel, Capt. , 61
Philanthropic institutions, 27, 65, 66
Plan, importance of in building cities, 51
Playgrounds. (See Parks.)
Police, 66
Poor law administration, 66
Power, 25
Prices raised to producer, diminished to consumer, 32, 141
Private and public enterprise. (See Municipal.)
Production, Right Hon. A. J. Balfour on necessity of increased production, 116; increased production secured and distribution rendered more just, 116
Pro-Municipal enterprise, chap, viii.
Public-houses. (See Temperance. )
Public-houses, Trust, 85
R
Railways, their rapid growth, 127; a carefully planned system of, 130; chaos in London, 131; construction of railway system was "a large order;" a larger one remains to be executed, 139, 140
Railway rates, reduction in, 32, 51, 60, 141
"Rate rent," meaning of term, 34, 35; revenue raised entirely by rate-rents, which are fixed by competition, 21, 26, 28, 73; tenants in occupation have some preference, 34; assessed by a committee, 73; estimate of, from agricultural estate, chap. ii.; from town estate, chap. iii.; what these suffice to do, chap. iv. and v.
Rates levied by outside bodies, provision for, 58, 65
Recreation, boating, bathing, etc. (See Parks.)
Rents, computation of, in England and Wales, 30
"Revolution, The Coming," 31
Revolution, Social, at hand, 134
Rhodes, Dr., on growth of cities, 12
Risk of shopkeepers, 80
Roads, cost of maintenance small, 25; estimated cost, 59
Rosebery, Lord, compares London to a tumour, 11; on borrowing from Individualism and Socialism, 117
Ruskin, Mr. J., 20
S
Sanitation, 24
St. James Gazette on dangerous growth of cities, 12
Schools, sites for, 24; comparison with London, 47; estimated cost of buildings and maintenance, 58, 61
Semi-municipal industry, meaning of term, 76
Sewage, 25; cost of system, 58; difficulties in London, 32
Shaw-Lefevre, Right Hon. G. J., on chaotic growth of London, 52
Shops, factories, etc., estimated rents from, 41; excess of in London, 81; multiplication of prevented, 78; risk of shop-keepers reduced, 80. (See Local Option and Crystal Palace.)
Sinking fund for land, 21, 28, 34, 42; for works, 58, 65
Slum property declines to zero, 146; is destroyed and sites converted into parks, 146
Small holdings, 25
Smoke, absence of, 25
Social cities, chap. xii.
Socialism, does not represent a basis on which an experiment can safely proceed, 97; inconsistency of Socialistic writers, 118; their neglect of the land question, 123; their threats little heeded, 135; and their efforts meet with little success, 137
Spence, scheme of common land administered by parish, 106; the difference between this and my own chiefly one of method, 107
Spencer, Herbert, advocated common land administered by State, 107; his reasons for withdrawing his proposals, (a) evils attending State control, 108; (but my scheme, like Spence's, free from these evils, 109); (b) difficulty of acquiring land on equitabla terms, and of yet making it remunerative to purchasers, 108; (this difficulty completely overcome in my proposals, 109); the "dictum of absolute ethics" that all men are equally entitled to the use of the earth practically realised under my scheme, 110; his objection on principle to State control rebuked out of his own mouth, 109
Star, The, on depopulation of country, 12
Strand to Holborn, new street, 52
Strikes, the true and the false, 90; of London against land-lordism, 148
Subways, growing need for, 54; their economy, 59
Sweating, opportunity for public conscience to express itself, against, 83
T
Temperance, Right Hon. John Morley on, 10; Lord Bruce on, 10; experiment may lead to temperance reform, 84
The Times on sudden changes, 9
—Three Magnets, Diagram I, 16
Tillett, Mr. Ben, on depopulation of country, 12
Topolobampo experiment, 98
Town life and country life contrasted and combined, 16-19
Tramways, 66, 131
Trees, 23, 39, 63
U
"Unearned increment" a misnomer, 29
V
Variety in architecture, 24; in cultivation of soil, 25; in employments, 111
Vested Interests, indirectly threatened,become divided, 135; the same thing has occurred before, 135; vested interests of skill, labour, energy, talent, and industry, the most important of all vested interests consolidated by the same force which divides the vested interests of land and capital in twain, 138
Villages, Depopulation of. (See Country.)
W
Wages, Effect of competition upon, 81
Wakefield, Art of Colonisation, 102 ; J. S. Mill's view of it, 104
War, implements of, drop down, 140
Ward, Mrs. Humphrey, all changes preceded by sporadic efforts, 94
Wards, town divided into by boulevards, 22; each ward in a sense a complete town, 45; work on one practically complete before commencing on another, 45
Waste products, utilisation of, 33
Water, scarcity of in country, 17
Water-supply usually a source of revenue, 66
Wealth-forms for the most part extremely ephemeral, 118; J. S. Mill on, 118
Wells, Mr. H. G., on future growth of London, 142
Westgarth, Mr. William, prizes for essays on reconstruction of London, 149
Wilson, P. W., on the distribution of industry, 142
Winter Garden. (See Crystal Palace.)
Women may fill all offices in municipality, 75
Work, plenty of, 55, 88, 122, 130, 147
Workmen's trains, 148