History of Kansas (Holloway 1868)
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HISTORY
OF
KANSAS:
FROM
THE FIRST EXPLORATION OF THE
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY,
TO
ITS ADMISSION INTO THE UNION:
EMBRACING
A CONCISE SKETCH OF LOUISIANA: AMERICAN SLAVERY, AND ITS
ONWARD MARCH: THE CONFLICT OF FREE AND SLAVE LABOR
IN THE SETTLEMENT OF KANSAS, AND THE OVERTHROW
OF THE LATTER, WITH ALL OTHER ITEMS OF
GENERAL INTEREST: COMPLETE, CONSECUTIVE
AND RELIABLE.
By J. N. HOLLOWAY, A. M.
LAFAYETTE, IND:
JAMES, EMMONS & CO., JOURNAL BUILDINGS.
1868.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, by
JOHN N. HOLLOWAY,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the District of Kansas.
TO
Rev. C. A. Brooke,
A SINCERE FRIEND OF MANKIND,
IRRESPECTIVE OF PARTY, CONDITION OR COLOR,
And a Laborer for Good,
UNDER A GRATEFUL SENSE OF MANY FAVORS,
AS A TOKEN OF HIGH ESTEEM,
THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY
The Author.
PREFACE.
Kansas has a history which is common with no other State in the Union. The history of Slavery in our country is the history of successive triumphs and continued advances over the will of a majority of our people, until it entered into a hand to hand grapple with Free Labor in Kansas. Here was the battle-field of the combined forces of the “Irrepressible Conflict,” and here the question of supremacy between its opposing elements was finally settled. Slavery triumphed in every Territory where she sought to establish her dominion until she provoked, by tearing down the bulwarks of Plighted Faith, a single-handed contest with Free Labor in the settlement of Kansas, upon the principles of Popular Sovereignty.
To the people of this Territory, aided by friends in the Free States, therefore, belongs the honor of first repelling the advances of Slavery, and of forever destroying its power. Slave propagandists felt this, and hence, when the question was decided in Kansas, they turned in their wrath upon the General Government, which had been to Slavery an indulgent and fostering guardian, to take its life, whereby to rid themselves of its control.
Few have fully comprehended the awful character and extent of the desperate conflict in Kansas. Both parties upheld by the pecuniary means and moral support of their respective States, engaged in it with the most intense and inflamed spirit of partisans. Plans, deep, dark and far-reaching, were laid by the great minds of the nation, and found their execution in Kansas. Worse than civil war reigned, worse than its concomitant evils prevailed.
To fully understand the character of the Kansas conflict requires a proper acquaintance with the aggressions of Slavery in the United States upon Freedom, of which the Kansas trouble was but the outgrowth or culmination. I have, therefore, inserted a short sketch of that Institution.
The history of Kansas is a difficult one to write. Though there is an incalculable amount of material which can be gathered together, still facts were so perverted and differently represented by contemporary writers, that the searcher for truth is often lost and puzzled in his investigations. Much, too, of the history of Kansas has never been written. The designs and motives of each party, and many of their plans, can not be found on paper, all of which so essential to a complete history of Territorial struggle, must be gathered from men who are still living, and to whom they are familiar.
There is no complete and consecutive history of Kansas Territory. The books which have been written upon Kansas matters cover but a short space of time, and contain but a partial and disjointed sketches of those times. They were written in great haste for campaign documents, and hence were in many instances highly colored and inaccurate.
Most of the important documents bearing upon Kansas history are scarce and difficult to find. There is no public library or historical society in the State which has made the collection. The writer has been at the trouble and pains to make this collection himself, which he has found more difficult than the labor of writing the book. In a few years this work could not have been done. Documents would have been lost, families moved away, and thus some of the most essential items in the history of Kansas become oblivious.
The unwritten history of Kansas could never be written so well as at the present time, while most of the actors in the early troubles of the Territory are still living. The author has visited those, made their acquaintance, whom he has ever found open and communicative on all subjects, and from whom he has gathered much valuable assistance.
To supply what seemed to be a great public demand has been my design in undertaking the preparation of this volume. I have had but one idea to guide me in its compilation, and that is Truth. By this I have sought to test every word and sentence. I have sought not only to avoid misrepresentation, but also another very common fault into which writers are prone to fall—exaggeration of facts; but I have labored to describe events exactly as they transpired, without underrating or over coloring them. How far I have succeeded in accomplishing this purpose is left to the impartial judgment of the public to decide.
In the prosecution of this work, I have enjoyed many advantages. Totally unconnected with the Territorial difficulties, without any political or personal preferments, my judgment has been wholly free from prejudice and partiality. I have freely consulted with men of all parties and opinions, from all of whom I have gathered much information. Books, files of papers, letters and documents of various kinds have come to me from every quarter. In this way my labors have been greatly facilitated, and I take this opportunity to make a public acknowledgement of these favors, which are the more appreciated as I am a stranger in the State. It would be tedious to mention all who have rendered me much invaluable assistance, but I cannot forbear to name the State Auditor. Mr. Swallow, and State Librarian, Dr. Hounton, who has permitted me the use of the library, as though it were my own; Mr. Barker, Secretary of State and Mr. Clarkson, Clerk in that office, who have allowed me free access to official records; Hon. John W. Forman of Atchison, who has furnished me, among other valuable documents, a complete file of the “Squatter Sovereign”; Dr. A. Huntting of Manhattan, who sent me several valuable scrap-books; Hon. G. W. Smith of Lawrence, who furnished me a complete file of the “Herald of Freedom”; Hon. Joel Grover, of Lawrence, who supplied me with some rare documents; Col. C. K. Holliday of Topeka, who has given me many important items; Hon. J. A. Halderman of Leavenworth, through whose influence I obtained access to the Mercantile Library of that city, and the use of its excellent files of old papers; Hon. S. A. Kingman of Atchison, who has assisted me in various ways; Gov. Robinson, to whom I am much indebted, as also to Col. Montgomery, whose assistance and hospitality I have enjoyed; Hon. J. A. Wakefield who wrote out some early reminescences for me; Hon. George Hillyer who furnished me a file of the “Kansas Freeman”; Hon. John Ritchie from whom I obtained valuable official documents; S. M. McDonald and Baker of the “State Record” who have greatly assisted me; Hon. James Christian who has the most valuable library in the Territory. J. N. H.
CONTENTS.
TRIUMPH OF SLAVERY IN 1820-Missouri Petitions Congress for Admission; Referred to a Committee; Report not acted upon that Session; Petition renewed at next Session; Slavery Restriction Introduced; Bill Lost; Arkansas Territory Organized; Magnitude of the Missouri Question; Popular Excitement during the Summer; Position and Arguments of the two Parties; The Sixteenth Congress; The Missouri Question Engages its Attention: Mr. Taylor's Amendment; The Stormy Debate; Its Character; Selections from the Speech of Mr. Otis, o' Mr. Barbour, and others, Mr. Thomas' Amendment; The Vo:e;'I he two Houses Disagree; The Committee of Conference; The Compromise; Missouri forms a Constitution; Objectionable to Congress; Admitted upon Conditions; She Complies with Them.................................................. 46-56
TRIUMPH OF SLAVERY IN TIIE ANNEXATION OF TEXAS.- Question about the Boundaries of Louisiana,; Treaty, ith Spain; A Southern Move; oiexico Gains her Independence; Texas Colonized-Rfvolts and Asks to be Annexed to the United States; The Annexation and Provisions; Opposition to the Annexation; President's Proposition to Congress to Satisfy Mexico with Money; Question as to the Character of Labor in tne Territory; Wilmot Proviso —Lost; Popular Sovereignty First Einunciated-Not Popular; Attempt to Organize the Terri, tory; Resumed in 1850; Slavery Holds the Missouri Compromise Sacred; Compromise; Wnat the South Gained................ 66-63
KANSAS.NEBRASKA ACT-SLAVERY TRIUMrPH-Relation of Both Parties to the Missouri Compromise; Its fir.:t Infraction in 1836; Petitions for Organizing Territory West of Missouri; Opposition of the South; Bill tor Its Organization in the 33d Congress; Validity oftthe Missouri Compromise First Questioned; Plighted Faith; S A. Douglas at First Startles but Resolves not to be Outbid; His Kansas-Nebrask Bill; Position of the Two Parties; Motion of Mr. Douglas; Mr. Chase's Motion Mr. Badger's Motion; Mr. Clayton's Motion; Mr. Chase's Pioposition; Bill Passes the Senate; Bill in the House; Parliamentary Maneuver of Hon. A HE Stephens; Bill Forced Through; Congressional Globe; Bill in the Senate; Atchison's Speech; Signed by the President; Design of Organizing Two Territories................................................................................ 64- 72.
CHAPTER VII—1854.
AN ACT TO ORGANIZE THE TERRITORY OF KANSAS.......................... 74-86
CHAPTER VIII—1705-1854
ANTIQUITIIES OF KANSAS-Kansa., Antiquities not remote; be Name; Discovered in 1705; Explored it 1719; Spanish Expedition and Battle in 1720; 1'ie French Eistahlish a Fort on rte Missouri: Expedition of Louis and Clar a; First Steamboat up the Missouri: The Fnr Trade; Sant:t Fe Tra'de; Indians Troubhle the Trairn; Coerncil Gro'e; 0 lttriti Posts; Mag nitude of th-i Tr'ad.; For: Lai'veaoritb; Rtmoval of the [ndians from the Ea^t; Fort Scott; Fritmont; Trains Acrss to the Pacific; The Border in thtOe iexican Wsar &nd Gold Excitement in California; Description of Prairie Commerce.... 87-95
A SURVEY OF THF BATTLIR " IELD AND TlE CONTESTANTrS BEFORE THE CONFLICT-.Kansas Regarded as a Barren \Wase; Better known after California Emrigratiou; People of Missouri; Slavery and Kansas Territory; Atchison's Speech; Character of the People on the Border; EItdect of Atchison'Y Speech; His Biography; Feeling of the People af er the Repea! of the Missouri Corn,:romise; Feeling of the Free Stati; Determined to Contest its Settlement; Advantages on the Side of Slavery............... 96-105
PRO-SLAVERY, EMIGRATION, AND EMGRANT InD SOCIFTIFE —Emigrea tion from Missouri; Politicians hold Sqnalter Neeti'gs; R.soIftions of the First Convention in Kansas; hbolitiouists; Founding of Leavenworth; Of Atchison; Free State Men niot Idle; eal ot e Pres; Organization of Aid Societies; New Eng nT5~'"imirgrnti Aid Society; Its I)esign, Car:.icter. and Mode of Operatiug; Emigrant Aid Company of New York and Cincinna'i; Union Emigratin Society; Their Primary Object; Not Mlleg:I r nor Dhoorable...................... 106-115
FREE STATE EMIGRATIGN, HOSTILE PREPARATIONS, AND T1E BFCGTNNING OF DIFFICULTIES - Free State Settlers; Disturbed by MRissourians; Squatter Government;, H Branscomb; Firt vet tlement of Lawrence; Of Topeka; MGnhattan; Grasshopper Fall'; What the Emigrant Aid Societies Did, and Especially the New England; The Border- Alarmled; Platte Argus; The Passions of the Border M5en Excited; Resolutions at Border Meetings; Reward Offered for Eli Thayer; Threats Twards A. Guthrle; Platte County Self.Defensive Association; Remarks of the Border Chiefs; Lives and Characters of the Stringfellows; Missouri Secret Societies; Real and Avowed Causes of their Formation; Self Defensives Seize T. A. Minsrd and an O'd Citizen; Arraign Rev. F. Starr; Seek to Control Trede; Citizens Prntest Against Them; They Remove their Headquarters from Weston; First Invasion of Lawrence.................. 116-130
CHAPTER1 XIi.-1854.
INAUGURATION OF GOVERNMENT-NO Government for four months, but all was orderly; Territorial Officers Appointed; Biography of Governor Reeder; His Arrival at Leavenworth; Tour through the Territory; Proclamation for Election, not Palatable to Pro-slavery Men The Convention at Leavenworth; Its Correspondence with Governor Reeder; The Candidaate for 1)eiegate to Congress; Slavery not an Issue; TheElec Frauds; Snmmary of the Returns; J. W. Whitfild Eected; Popular Sovereignty Exemplified; Courts Opened................. 131-137
CHAPTER X III-1855.
ELECTING TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE -Mild Winter; Census Taken; Returns; Anecdote; Disaffection of Pro-Slavery Men; Proclamration for an Elec:tion of Territorial Legislature; Slavery Made the Issue; Preparations in Missouri; Invasion of the I'erritory and Stuffing Ballotboxes; At Lawrence; Bloomingto; Sixteenth District; Eighteenth; Abstract of Election Returns; Excuse for Illegal Voting; The Emigrant Aid Societies Took no Part in the Election; Free State did not all Vote; A Fair and Full Vote Would Have Given a Free State Majority; Testimony of the City Attorney of St. Joseph; On Demand of Members Elect Governor Reeder Issues Certificates, Except in Six Districts; Protests; Pro Slavery Men Incensed; Refuse to Participate in the New Election........................... 138-153
CHAPTER XIV-1855.
THE CONSEQurENcE —Feelings of Free State Men; Their Demeanor; Rejoicing on the Borlrer; "Squatter Sovereign" Advises Extermination; A Convention to Intimidate Reeder; Destruction ot " Parkville Luminary "; Warning to Methodist Preachers; Mee tings' t Wes.ton and Liberty; Murder of Clark; McCrea's Escape; Pro-Slavery Men Enraged; Notify Mr. Phillips to jLeae; Another Meeting; Vigilance Committee Appointed; Phillips Carried to Weston, Tarred and Feathered, and otherwise Qutraged; The Action Endorsed by a Public Meeting; Diffeience in the Manners of Free Ltate Men and ProSlavery M en................................................................... 154-158
CHAPTER XV-1855.
TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE-Governor Reeder Goes to Washington; President Urges Him to Resign-But They Cannot Agree Upon the Terms of Correspondence Grounding His Resignation; Other Positions Offered Mr. Reeder; He Returns to the Ter-ntory Feeling Insulted; Territorial Legislature Assembles at Pawnee; Both Houses Purge Themselves of the Free State Element; Report of Committee on Credentials in the House-Minority Report; Protest of the Ousted Members; Motion of Judge Wakefield in Council; Colonel Coffey's Response to Wakefield's Interrogation; Report of Committee on Credentials; Protest of Free State Members; Move the Temporary Seat of Government to Shawnee Manual Labor School Over the Governor's Veto; Design of Calling Legislature at Pawnee; Legislature at Shawnee Mission Frames a Code of Laws; Their Oppressive Features; Governor Refuses to Recognize Them as a Legal Body; They Consult the Supreme Court of the Territory Which Renders a Judgment in Their Favor; Legislature Memorialize the President for Mr. Reeder's Removal; Mr. Reeder Removed.................................................... 158-167
CHAPTER XVI-1855.
CAUSES OF REEDER'S REMOVAL CoNSIDERED-Causes; Pawnee; Reeder Interested;,eff. Davis Orders the Removal of the Inhabit.:i-its; Orders not Observed Until the Fall of 1855-When it is Car-ied Out; Half Breed Kaw Lands; Reeder's Speculation No Speculation At All; Governor Reeder's Career Praise Worthy; Members of Legislature Attend to Their Own Interest; Complaints of Their Conatituents; Hon. Wilson Shannon Appointed Governor; His Biography; A. Copy of the Laws Punishing Offenses Against Slave Property................ 168-176
CHAPTER XVII-1855.
FREE STATE MOVEMENTS-Oppression of Free State Men; They Pe. tition in Vain; Determine to Protect Themselves by Peaceable Means First; Convention at Lawrence on the 8th of June; National Democratic on the 27th; Free State: en on the 11th of July; Mass Convention on the 14th of August; The Union Mass Convention on the 15th takes Preliminary Steps for a Constitutional Convention; Organization of the Free State Party; Platform; Very (:onservative; Reasons; Report of Committee on State Organization; On Legislative Matters of the Territory; Provides for Election of Delegate to Congress; Reeder Defended from Charges and Nominated; Judge Smith's Speech; Reeder's Response; Topeka Delegate Convention 19th of September; Its Resolutions......................... 177-189
CHAPTER XVIII-1855.
FaRE STATE MOVEMENTS-Continued-People's Proclamation: Call for an election of Delegates to Constitutional Convention; The Absorbing Topic Discussed; Election of Delegates to Congress; An Amusing Incident; Topeka Constitutional Convention; Character of the Body; Vote on Striking Out "White;" On Approving Squatter Sovereignty: Excluding Free Negroes; The Constitution; Signers, their Occupation, &c. 190-199
CHAPTER XIX-1855
VARIOUS EVENES- t ate Emigrati Improvements; Poor Class of New Emigrants nse; Secretary Woodson; Convention at Lexington, Missouri, of Border Chiefs; Secret Organization; Kansas Legion; Pat. Laughlan's Expose; Efforts to Involve Free State Men in Legal Difficulties; Pojicy of Free tate-Men, especially at Lawrence; Another Secret' OtgniTzation; Its Character and Object; Outrage at Atchison on J. W. B. Kelley; Resolutions; Rev. Pardee Butler sent afloat on the Missouri River; Collins Killed by Laughland; How Shannon's Appointment was Viewed by the People of'he Border; His Arrival at Kansas City; Commits Himself to Slavery; Pleases Pro-Slavery Men; Address t te " Law-andOrder People;" Call for a Convention; Object of the lmovement; The Convention; Remarks by Shannon, Calhoun, Parrott, Judge Lecompte and Woodson................................... 200-212
CHiAPTERl XX-1855.
BE:GINM-ING OF TIIV WAAKRSAARU WAR-Diisputes About Claims; Hickory Point; Origin of Diffeulties; Coleman kill Dw; Murderer Fiees to VWesttnoret and Sarrlcade"s timseflf to Sheriff Jones; Offense to the D ead; Funeral: C.,iven:ion; Jones-His Char acter and Hlistory; Starta to Lecomptnn With His Prsoner; Obtains a Writ tv Arrest Brannoon; TIte Arrest; The Rescne; Excuse for the Rescue; Lawrence and It Action; Design in Makin- th' Arrest; She, ff Jones Writes to Missu ouri for Help and to the Go-ernor for Three Thonsand Troops; Governor's Letter to Miaqjor General Richardson; Excitement in Missouri -Inflammatory Appeal; Shannon' Proclamation; Woodson's Letter to Atchison.................................................... 23 —-225
CHAPTER XXI-1855.
WAKARUSA WAR-N-issouri' Respon:.-e; The Force3 in Cap About, Lawrence-Object in Surrounindin th.e Tow; Editors of the Squattep Sov vreigu in the Field; Lawrence Dsmisass the Rescuers and Prepares for Defeiqse; Sends Couriers Throagh the TFrritory and Calls tor Assistance; The Response; Leavenworthi Del, ation; R]p'ortt of t.e Coiomitmitee r Governor's Prociamatiio; Petition to t; President; Colonel Sumner Solicited to Interfere; nemonrial to Congress; Preparations ft Lawrtnci"-It- s Force and Fortifications; Sheriff Jones in Town; Rdlcants fear to attAck; General Eastin's Letter t: Governor Shannon; The Latter Tefgraphs to the President -Writes to Colonel Sumner; Sumner's tAeply; Shannon Acting upon Sumner's Snggestion, writes to Sheriff Jones and Rliichardson;'The Replies of these Two Gentlemen; Shannon again Writes to Sumner; Committee of Safety's Letter to Governor Shannon; The Daoutatlion from Lawrence, and Their Representation to tie Governor; The Interview; The Governor Sees that He haa been Imposed Ukon; Goes to Wakaruse Camp; Labors to uell the Commotion; Again Asks Aid of Colonel Sumner; Rufians Attempt to Intercept His Dispatch; Sumner Refuses to Mlove; Anderson's Letter; T'he Biack Fla " to be Raised; Pomeroy Intercepted; Indian Chiefs Offer Aid to Lawrence; Clark's Pottowatomies............ 226-242
CHAPTER XXII-1855.
TnH MISUNrDERSTANDING-Thomas Barber; His Wife; Parting Scene; He Go)e to Lawrence; Particulars of His Murder; The Widow's A ony; Effect Upon the Free State Boys; Deputation Sent to Conduct the Governor into Town; The Conference; The Governor is Satisfied of His Mistake; He Returns to the Pro-Slavery Camp; His Orders to General Richardson; He Arranges for a Conference; Returns to Lawrence; Signs the Treaty; Dissatisfaction: The Treaty; Conference on the Wakarusa; Attempt to Assassinate Lane and Robinson; Shannon's Orders to the Pro-Slavery Leaders to Disband their Forces; D!aappointment of the Ruffians; He Authorizes Robinson and Lane to Defend the Town; Incidents; The Social; Disbanding the Forces; A Tribute, to the Ladies of Lawrence. 243-255 CHAPTER XXIII-18)5. ROBINSON AND LANE-Life and Character of Governor Robinson; Life and Character of Hon. J. H. Lane; Robinson's Address to the Soldiers on the (tecasion of Their Disbandment; Arrest and Trial of Some of the Rescuers; "Border Rafians;"
Their Character............................................................. 256-265
CHAPTER XXIV-1855-6.
VARIOUS EVENTS OF THE WINTER —Vote on Topeka Constitntion; Destruction of the Polls at Leavenworth; Mastering Oat of Territorial Militia; Destruction of thr Press of the "Territorial Register;" M. W. Delahay; Convention to Nominate Free State Officers; The Election of State Officers Under Topeka Constitution; Election at Leavenworth; Disturbances at Eastin; Pro.Slavery Man Killed; Free State Men 1Made Prisoners; All Escape except Brown, who is Minldered; Resol!-. tions of the Legislature; Further Troub'es at Eastin; beverity of the W inter.................................................................. 266-273
CHAPTEPt XXV-1856.
EXTERMINATION-President's Message; Border Ruffians Determine to Exterminate; Jones' Letter to Robinson and Lane; Their Reply; The Treaty Exploded; Preparatious Along the Border; Dr. Stringfellow's Proposition to Bay Arms " Kickspoo Pioneer" on the War cry; Atchison's Harangue; The Bordier Chiefs send a Messenger to Washington to Preserve the Influence of the Administration; They nucceed; "'he South Comes to the Rescue; Baford's Move; Extract from,the "Eufaulq Spirit of the South;" Action of Alabama; Resolution,; in Mississippi; Southern Emigrants; Border Chiefs Go South to Lecture; Atchison's Letter to the South.......................... 274-282
C!t:APTER XXVI-1856.
FREE STATE PREPARATIONS AND PROCLAMATION OF TIE PRE8IDENTApprehensions of the Free State Men; Alarming Reports from the Border; Dark Prospect of the Free State MIen; LSwrence Prepares for the Worst; Action of the Executive Committe-o; Deputation to the Fre) States; Letters to the President; His Proclamation; Aimed at Free State M1ien; Satisfactory to Border Ruffians, except in One Respect; Governor Authorized to Employ the United States Troops................................... 283-288
CHAPTER XXVII-1856.
STATE LEGISLATURE-Winter passes by without any Invasion; Rumors that the Legislature would be Arrested; Assembling of the State Legislature; Its Organization; Governor's Message; Acts of the Legislature; Territorial Executive Committee Makes its Report and Closes its Existence; Its History; Territorial Free State Scrip; Names of Members of the Legislature........................................................................ 289-295
CHAPTER XXVIII-1856.
CONGRESS - INVESTIGATING COMMITTEE - Thirty-fourth Congress; Reeder Contests Whitfield's Seat; Appointment of the Investigating Committee; The Resolutions; The Committee; Their Action; Their Report; Its Summary; The Appointment of the Committee the Work of Anti-Slavery Men; Bitterly Opposed by Pro-Slavery Men; Border Chiefs Enraged; Renew Their Threats of Extermination; The Quarantine; Pardee Butler Again Outraged; Whitfield Ousted; (Topeka Constitution in Congress-see Appendix.)...................................... 296-302
CHAPTER XXIX-1856.
THE LEADING FREE STATE MEN ARRESTED OR DRIVEN FROM THE TERRITORY-Interest in Kansas; S. N. Wood; Southein Emigrants; Buford's Regiment; Attempts at Arrests; Sheriff Jones again Enraged; Calls on the Governor for Help: Governor Writes For and Obtains Troops Sumner's Letter to the Mayor of Lawrence; Sheriff Again in Lawrence and Makes Arrests; Is Shot in the Evening; Action of the Citizens; Sam. Salters Continues the Arrests; Hiding of Free State Men; Lawrence Environed; Colonel Sumner; Writes a Letter to Dr. Robinson; The Reply; Attempt to Arrest Reeder; Failure; Writs for Leading Free State Men; Their Conference at Tecumseh: Decide to Call State Legislature and Elude the Arrest until It Meets; Governor Robinson Starts East; Is Intercepted; Mrs. Robinson Goes On; Governor Brought Back; Escape of Reeder; Arrest of G. W. Browi and Gaius Jenkins; Copy of the Indictment for Treason...................... 303-311
CHAPTER XXX-1856.
THE SIEGE -F LAWRENCE-Lawrence Again Besieged; "Squatter Sovereign; " Proclamation of the Secretary; Letter to Governor Shannon; His Reply; Action in Regard to Secretary's Proclamation; People Without a Leader; Committee of Safety; Its Policy; Resigns; A New Committee; Its Policy and Reasons; Federal Troops; The Embarrassment; Discontent; Many Leave Lawrence; The Invading Forces; Detention of a United States Officer; Arms Seized; Persons Arrested; Cox's Visit to the Pro-Slavery Camp; Letter from Lawrence to Secretary Woodson; His Reply, Efforts to Avert the Calamity; The Special Effort; A Failure; Murder of Jones and Stewart; A Final Peace Effort to Ward Off the Blow.............................................................................. 312-328
CHAPTER XXXI-1856.
THE SACK OF LAWRENCE-The Invading Forces; They Appear Behind Lawrence; Scene in Lawrence; Marshal Enters Town; Makes Arrests; Hands Over His POsse to Sheriff Jones; Letter from the Committee of Sa'ety to the Marshal; Jones Enters Town and Deranads the Arms, which are Given Up; Atchison's Speech; Invaders Enter the Town; Indictments Against Public Buildinls; Destruction of the "Free State JP'rss"; Of the "H erArld of Freedom;" Hotel Demolished; Description of the Mluildings; Jones in HIis Glo'y; Plunder i g; The Loss................................................................. 329-338
CHAPTER XXXII-1856.
DIFFICULTIES AT LEAVENWORTH-Retiring Invaders: Another War Appeal; Free State Guerrillas; Lecompton Affrighted; Attack on Captain Walker; Affray at Mr. Str-rr's; Governor Searches for Arms; Efforts to Break Up the Congressional Investigation; N otice; Arrests....................................................... 339-344
CHAPTER XXXII —1856,
"OLD BROWN'S" WARFARE-Life and Character of John Brown, Sen.; John Brown, tr., Matches to the Rescue of Lawrence; Pottowatomie Murders; Causes to bt' Deplored; Pretext for?iewT O'tr'get-S; Young Brewn's Co(mpany Disbanded; Old;rown on the War Path; Captain P.!,-':; Inv'asion; Takes Two of Brown's Sons Prisoners Encaamps on Black Jack; Plun ders Pal nmra and Takes Prisoners; Thb Battle; Escape of Dr. Graham; T':e Surrender; AttacS on Franklin; Gatherina of Missourians on Buli Creek; Governor's Procla mation; Gathering of the Free State Forces; Colonel Samther's Arri val; Disperses S:ore's Men and Brown's; Summner Viiits VVhitfiild's Camt; Whittield's Forces Divide; One Goes to Missouri with the Prilloners, Som)e (of Whom They Kill; The Other t: Osawatomie and Sack It................................... 3-15-362
CHAPTER XXXIV-1856..
FltI:F FOR KANSAS AND THE DISPERSION OF THE LEGISLATUREReign of Terror; Emnigrants Iromr illinois Drive, tBack; Boats Seized and returrne'l; Aid from the Elast; Wiscenltiin First to Move; Rev. Henry Ward BeecheratNew Haven; Illinois; Grand Kansas Aid Committee; Boeton and State Kansas Comm ittees; Causes of Popular Interest; Exci:ement in the South; Protec tion for the State Legislature; Call for Extra Session; PreT:,rations tor Arresting It; The ]E)xtra Session; Communiction with Colonel Sumner; Secretary Woodson Visits the Convention; Entrance of Colonel Sumner; The Dispersion... 363-376
CHAPTER XXXV-1856.
BOLD STROKES AND EXTERMINATION-ColIonel S:mner Super;eded; General Smith; General Lane's Advent; Guerrillas; Takintt of the Pro-Slavery Fort; Mu'der of M,jor Hoyt; Franklin T'aken; Fort Saunders; Titu;' Hoasor Attlcked; Stampede at Lecorapton; Gove.rnor Shianno)'s S-cot;iL Treaty; Outrages; Resignation and Removal of Governor.Shannon; Extermination Atrain; The B rd,,: Circular; Apeieal of the'Law-and Order P,.rty;" Woodson'R!, Proclamation;'Squatt Soer overign'
"Third ard Last. Time;" Militia C-lted Out; Skirmish on Middle Creek; March Upon Osawatomie; ]The Battle; Town Sacked and Burnt; The Result; Depredations About Lecompton; Orders to Destroy Topeka; Topeka Boys on a March; Colonel Harvey's Men at Slough Creek; Demonstrations Before Lecompton; Release of Prisoners; Barbarites at Leavenworth; Reign of Terror Complete; Release of Free State Prisoners.. 377-394
CHAPTER XXXVI-1856.
Governor Geary-Governor Geary's Appointment-His Biography; Pro-Slavery Men Dissatisfied; Their Address; Their Design; Governor's Arrival and What he Saw; His Inaugural; Orders the Militia to Disband; Force about Lawrence; Panic at Lecompton; Affray at Hickory Point,; Sketch of Captain Whipple's Life; Arrest of Harvey's Men; Their Trial; The Forces Around Lawrence.; Visit of the Governor; the "Militia." 395-401
CHAPTER XXXVII-1856,
THEt Cortn TS-Territor;.i ( ourts; Judge Cato; IMurder of Buff m; Eff,'::i; to Atrrept the Murderert and Bri ei. irn to Jestice; Lite aad 0iharac;-r oi Jiadle L —compte; Geary seeks to Artuise the Judlge to a Sanse of Duty; Rsiuses Troopsi to M iake Arrests... 407-412
CERAPTER XXXVII-I1856.
LANE'S: NORTHERtN A.MY-Emigra ion Gathers in Iwwa; Its Character; First Compayv'hrou.: h; Opening the Way; The Armay; Efforts to Cheie thils Emizration; Redpe-th's Company; Deputtion C, Ills oin' tLh Governor; Pameroy and Eldridge's Company; The Governor's Account; Geary's Prejudices.......... 413-421
(CAPTER XXXIX-1856-57.
PE.ACE —AaREST OF THE FREE STATE LEGISLATURE-R-eign of Peace; D strurbancs -at Leavenworth Stopped; Territorial Troops; Election for Dilegate to Congress; Governor's Tour; Troubles in Southern Kansas; Genertous Offer of Vermont; Theaiy,:s flyatt's Scheme; Geary's Administration; Peace Efforts; St.ate Legisiature Aserolbies; Resignation of Robinson; Iils ExTlanation; Sheriff Jones' Scheme; ioembers Arrested............ 422-427
CHAPTER XL-1857,
T ERR1TORIA, LEGISLATUREv -Territorial Legislature Con venes; Obj'ctionable Acts; Qlarrels with the Governor; William'. Sherrard; Cansoe of the Dificnity; Shrrard Assails Jones and others; Ofi':rs Tndignities to'ibe tGoverror; Efforts to Censure Sherrard; Indifference of.Jude Cato; Indignation Meetines; One at lecorrpton; Rtesolutious; Sherrard l(iled; Nitional )ernocratic Party ot Kransas Territory; Death of RichardAl:; Treasurer's Report; Geary Forsaken; i presentatives at Washington; Geary Resigns; Flees from the Territory; Parallel Bet een Reeder and Geary; New Appointments.................. 428-440
CFAPTER XLI-1857.
QUESTION OF VOTING FOR DELEGATES TO THE LECOMPTON CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION-Life of Hon. R. J. Walker; Object of.His Appointment; Sketch of Hon. F. P. Stanton's Lile; Arrival of the Latter;t Lecompton, Their Policy; Fre Staoe Man lacredulous; Vote for Calling the State Convention; Provis ions for Tal.ing the Census; Provisions for the Election of Delegates; Census Returns; Law Not Complied With; The Apportionment; Mr. Stanton's Speech; Governor Walker on ttie Eection in his Inaugural; Reasons Why Free State Men -.id n't Contest the Election; Pro-Slavery Men Censure Walker; Extract from Richmond Papr; Free State Men Resplv.; not to contest the Election; State Legislature Convenes... 441-454
CHAPTER XLII-1857.
QUEST)ION OF VOTINGX FOR MEEMBERS (F TIlE LEGISLATURE-CODVeCiioln at: Topeka; Election; T he Li' Ewrfeco( Manicp!lI Govern.:;~Ptit; Q:ctio;J of c r' t, tf:i i be E le ction; l)ifleu i t es it The rWav; Apportionment; Decie. d Asi. iogt Free State Men; Grass. hopper rFall Counvlet'on; Reo F.rtions; The Delerate Coivention; Eiectiorn ResultsFr; Frudi; Kansas Judges... 455-464
CHAPTER XiLIIT.I-1 L
LECOMPTON CONS TITUTI OAL CON VENTION —CG.tit1tioi il Convention )Oranizeid;.[n disntio T' owar's th, C)onvention; Framing the Con si ttion; Q aesti n f Subcitin It Xt to a Vote; Tts Features; Prov;siots for S:bmirt ino It to teh ie People; Objections3 to It; Fcree Stiate Mn R:i f'unse. to t3 Participath in Election iThe Misstau; Critical SitE.tSion cf Free S;ete Men; The I ri Thltfnl t a;ui r Go. err;o Walker at W'.. hi'i;t;tlo is.R1esini ttion; Extra Ss.iio,. of the LeIislature cIle'd; Ditficulties the Laiv sature could not Overcotie; Its Acit; RP'-mo'al ot Stan. ton and Apt )oirltmer, of General I. enver; Eection on Rat.iti cationr (r Rejection; Constitui.Dl in Cotn^rvs-irglish Bill; Covode In vesti atio..................................................... 465-481
CHAPTER XLITV-1857-8.
LGTclr, ATUR ES-.Electior f Sr S te4 ()fticcirs; Democr tic ConVenn't;nn; L:~wrerce Co,:)':int'-on c)t ] ect:euleT 2,; Tba: oi' t;e 23d?; Lane's SPratie.e.' B olt', (Conventio;" Election Re. sulit; Memori-il to Co. s;Po Fi t S tat e ]jfgislature; Co11mu nication to tbo Teirritorial l=y:j;i l';,ture; Acti on of tlhe L ttter; TI e Former Adouro; Geierl Dn, v-r; retri Legislature Convenes; Board of Co'nm13sioner-; Failure of the Legislature. 482-494
CHAPTER XLV —1854-57.
'TR)UBLE, s JN S OUTHI E1ASTElIN KA2S.AS—F' sft Sttl lers; Cat. Jatm es MInntpg rie,; Frs!?t, Convi!'!'..rto)n; Se1c rr,;,v Con vir ALtion; First Eiiectioiu; Apparacn. of Armed'or'c'; G-rievnceis; i'he (htri-t.ian \iWairi(o; Terrifies:h3 Enems; A ttacks Davis; Raid in \Mi'ocri; A 8(cond iaid; Retitres; Pro 7 Iavery Men I)r11i D'g the IV r'; L State Emi ra ts; C ai rn. [)i'.i uities; The Fort Scolt, Cou i; Provocatuiois; Fre-e Si'ate Court;.Attetpt to Arrest It; Reinforcements3; lnie's Report..........................4.5 495-510
CHIAPTER XLV —1858.
TROUBLES ITN S;OTHI-EASTIERN KANSAS —Contined —Frt, Scott Entored; Di)ivintP Pro-Slavery I1en; C.aptaiu Stew.'ar;; Thievin;g Poiiicy of:nt4citgoery; End of th, Wicked; fetaaliationu F':e State Men Alarmed; Spics ini Secret Societies; Hamil. ton's Plan; Account of Hamiltou; Montgomery Seeks to Thwart His Purpose; Fight with the U. S. Troops; Hamilton Prepares to Strike; The Murders; The Pursuit; Dispatches to Denver; Captain Walker's Visit to Fort Scott, and Arrests; General Denver's Visit: Meeting at Rayaville; Speeches of Denver and Montgomery; Treaty; Understanding...... 511-526
CHAPTER XLVII-1857-8,
POLITICAL PARTIES-Disintegration of Political Parties; Of the Free State Party; In the Fall of 1857; At the Legislature; Its Action; Constitutional Convention; Difficulty in Uniting, Last of the Topeka State Government; Vote for Delegates; Constitution; Nomination; Election; English Bill; Old Aportionment; Republican Party; Democratic Party; Attempt. to Preserve the Free State Party; & Failure; Observation; Democratic Organization Perfected; Republican Party FullyOrganized; Territorial Legislature of 1859....... 527-538
CHAPTER XLVIII-1858-9.
TROUBLES IN SOUTH-EASTERN KANSAS-They Continue; Murder and Robbery: Arrest of Marshall; Emigrants; Why Slavery Clung to South eastern Kansas; Arrest of Rice; John Brown; His Fort Menaced; Free State Democrats; They Endorse Montgomery; Release of Rice; Little Killed and Store Robbed; John Brown Liberates Fourteen Slaves; That which Followed; Letter from Judge Williams; Amnesty; Flurry at Lawrence 539-518
CHAPTER XLIX-1859.
VARIOUS ITEMS-Provisions of the First Legislature for Auditing Claims; The Commissioner; His Report; Appointment of a New Board of Commissioners; Their Report; Property Destroyed; Sacrifices of Free State Men; Difficulty About the Bands; Election on the Question of Calling a Constitutional Convention; Election of Delegates; Organization of the Convention; Committees; Report of Committee on Ladies' Petition; Votes on the Negro Questions; Northern Boundary; Temporary Seat of Government; Homestead; Election on the Adoption of the Constitution; Election of State Officers;Census.......627-538
CHAPTER L-1860.
THE DROUTH—Legislature Convenes; Adjourns; Convened Again; Character and Extent of the Drouth; Its Effect upon Crops; Extended to Other States; People Poorly Prepared for it; 30,000 Lenve; Others Barely Able to Support Themselves; Benevolent Move of Thadyun Hyatt; Operations of the Relief. Committees; Precipitation and Distribution of Rain in Kansas..560-569
CHAPTER LI-1860-1.
VARIOUS ITEMS-Imprisonment and Rescue of John Doy; Marshal Arus; Fugitive Slave Low; Hanging of Hines; Of Guthrie and C. Carlan; Returned Border Ruffians; Difficulties on the Neutral Lands; Settlers Driven Off; New York Indian Lands; Last Territorial Legislature; Financial Statement of the Territory for Each Year; Wyandotto Constitution in Congress; Admission of Kansas; Character of the Kansas Straggle.. 570-576
APPENDIX 579-581
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