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Index:The American Slave Trade (Spears).djvu

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Title The American Slave Trade (Spears)
Author John Randolph Spears
Year 1907
Publisher Charles Scribner & Sons
Source djvu
Progress Proofread—All pages of the work proper are proofread, but not all are validated
Transclusion Fully transcluded
Volumes
Images

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

THE TRADE IN THE EARLIEST DAYS

  • The Unnamed Dutch Slaver of 1819 — First Slaver Fitted Out in American Waters and the First American-built Slaver — When Human Beings were Frequently a Part of a Ship's General Cargo — How a Good Priest, through a Love of Humanity, Promoted the Traffic — Days when Christian Missionaries Found Profit in the Trade, and It Hurt the Conscience of No One Engaged in It — Kings and Nobles as Slave-traders — A Slaver Contract that was Considered a Magnificent Triumph of Diplomacy — The Yankee Slavers' Successful Stroke for Free Trade and Sailors' Rights — Extent of the Early Traffic, Page 1

CHAPTER II

OLD-TIME SLAVER CAPTAINS AND THEIR SHIPS

  • David Lindsay as a Typical American Slaver of the Eighteenth Century — With a Rotten Ship that Showed Daylight Through Her Seams "All Round Her Bow Under Deck" He Reached the Slave-coast, Gathered His Cargo in Spite of Fevers, Deaths in the Crew, and Competition, and Finally Landed at Barbadoes with "All in Helth and Fatt" — An Astrologer's Chart for a Slaver's Voyage — Tales of the Slaver Vikings of Liverpool — Debt of Early American Commerce to the Slave-trade — John Paul Jones a Slaver, Page 21

CHAPTER III

WHEN VOYAGES WENT AWRY

  • Tales of Trouble When Lying on the Slave-coast — "We are Ready to Devour One Another, for Our Case is Desprit" — A Second Mate's Unlucky Trip in a Long Boat — Sickness in the Hold as Well as Among the Crew — Cocoanuts and Oranges could not Serve in Place of Water — Story of the Mutiny on the Slaver Perfect — Risks the Underwriters Assumed — The Proportion of Disastrous Voyages,Page 31

CHAPTER IV

THE SLAVER AND HER OUTFIT

  • There were Tiny Ships in the Trade — One Vessel had a Capacity of 5,000 Gallons of Molasses Only, and even Open Row-boats were used in the Nineteenth Century — Dimensions of a Slaver's Timbers — The Famous Venus, a Forerunner of the Yankee Clippers — Steamers that were in the Trade — The Blubber Kettles of Whalers used for Boiling Rice and Yams — Rum, Guns, and Coin were the Favorite Articles of Traffic, but Silks, Laces, Parasols and Other Goods for the Use of Women of Education and Delicate Tastes were Wanted — A Naval Officer's Estimate for a Slaver's Outfit,Page 36

CHAPTER V

ON THE SLAVE-COAST

  • Physical Features of Land and Sea — Peculiarities of the Aborigines and some Characteristics that were not Peculiar to Them — Gathering Slaves for the Market — A Trade that Degenerated from a System of Fair Barter into the Most Atrocious Forms of Piracy Conceivable — Utter Degradation of White Traders — The Slaughter at Calabar — Prices Paid for Slaves — The Barracoons of Pedro Blanco and Da Souza — When Negroes Voluntarily Sold Themselves,Page 44

CHAPTER VI

THE MIDDLE PASSAGE

  • Stowing Slaves for the Voyage from Africa to a Market — The Galleries — Compelled to Lie "Spoon-fashion" to Save Deck Space — A Plan by which the 'Tween Decks Space was Packed Full — Effects of the Ship's Rolling on the Manacled Cargo — Living Slaves Jettisoned to Make a Claim on the Underwriters — Horrors of "The Blood-Stained Gloria" — Blinded Crews of the Rodeur and the Leon — Suicide Among the Tortured Slaves — Pitiful Tale of a Weanling's Death — Punishing Mutiny on the American Slaver Kentucky — Slave Ships Named for Two of Our Presidents,Page 68

CHAPTER VII

THE SLAVERS' PROFIT

  • Nine Hundred Pounds on One Voyage of the Newport Slaver Sanderson, a Vessel that was Offered for Sale at £450 with No Buyers — One Voyage of the Liverpool Slaver Enterprise that Paid £24,430 — Details of Expenses and Receipts on a Voyage of the Ninety-ton Schooner La Fortuna — A Baltimore Schooner's Profit of $100,000 — When the Venus Cleared $200,000 — Sums Paid to Captains and Crews — Slave Transportation Compared with Modern Passenger Traffic,Page 82

CHAPTER VIII

SLAVER LEGISLATION IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES

  • The Colonies often Levied Taxes on Imported Slaves, and these Duties were in Rare Cases Prohibitive, but this Legislation was always Based on Commercial Considerations Only, or else a Fear of Negro Insurrections — Great Britain Never Forced the Slave-trade on them Against Their Virtuous Protest — Georgia's Interesting Slave History,Page 90

CHAPTER IX

THE EARLY WORK FOR EXTIRPATION

  • The Words and Deeds of the Fanatics — The Quakers — Slaves that were Freed by Baptism — Granville Sharp as a Liberator — A Fanatic's Political Creed Plainly Stated — Widespread Influence of the Somerset Case when the Right Prevailed in England — A Policy that would not Square Well with a Practical Business Sense of Things — The American Declaration of Independence and the Black Men,Page 98

CHAPTER X

THE SLAVERS OUTLAWED

  • British Abolitionists and Their Work — After a Crusade of only Twenty Years, They Outlawed a Trade that, from a Business Point of View, had been the most Profitable in the United Kingdom — The Slave-trade and the American Constitution — Inauguration of the System of Compromises that Led to the Civil War — Slave-trade Legislation of the States — The Act of March 2, 1807,Page 106

CHAPTER XI

TALES OF THE EARLIER SMUGGLERS

  • A Slaver's Ferry Between Havana and the Florida Ports — Amelia Island as a Smugglers' Headquarters — The Barataria Pirates and the Smuggling Trade — Extent of the Illegal Traffic — A Georgia Governor who Left His Post to Become a Slave Smuggler,Page 122

CHAPTER XII

SLAVERS DECLARED PIRATES

  • Fines and Imprisonment with Rewards for Informers were not Sufficient to Stop Slave Smuggling — Workings of the Prohibitive Legislation Illustrated by the Doings of the Knife-inventor Bowie and the Pirate Lafitte — Slaves Sold BY the Pound — Influences that Led to the Piracy Act,Page 127

CHAPTER XIII

INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION FOR SUPPRESSING THE TRADE

  • Work of British Diplomacy among the Continental Powers — When Spain agreed to Abolish the Slave-trade for a Money Consideration and Failed to Fulfil Her Contract — A Free Offer of "Sailors' Rights" which We Refused to Accept — A Shameful Record in American Slaver Legislation — The Ashburton Treaty,Page 134

CHAPTER XIV

TALES OF THE OUTLAWED TRADE

  • How the Laws were Interpreted — Slavers that would Make a Fierce Fight — Famous American Privateers that Became Slavers — Whole Cargoes of Slaves Thrown to the Sharks to Avoid the Confiscation of Vessels — Tales of the Rapido, the Regulo, and Hemans's Brillante — A Cargo of Slaves Bound to Anchor and Chain and Thrown Overboard — A Slaver Who Coolly Murdered His Sweetheart and Child — A Trade that was Lucrative in Proportion to Its Heinousness,Page 140

CHAPTER XV

THE NAVY AND THE SLAVE-TRADE

  • Story of the Half-hearted, Wholly Futile Work of Blockading the African Coast — Reward of an Officer Who Earnestly Strove to Stop the Trade — An Interesting Period in the Career of Commodore M, C. Perry — American and British Squadrons Compared — The Sham Work of the Buchanan Administration,Page 148

CHAPTER XVI

FREE-NEGRO COLONIES AND THE SLAVE-TRADE

  • England Led the Way by Establishing a Colony at Sierra Leone to Provide a Home for Negroes Carried from the United States during the Revolutionary War — The Enterprise Saved by the Sturdy Maroons — Origin of the American Society for Colonizing Free People of Color — Life of the Colonists at Cape Mesurado — The Nation of Liberia Organized — An Ape of Philanthropy,Page 160

CHAPTER XVII

TALES OF THE COASTWISE SLAVE-SHIPS

  • Colored Men from New York Prison Sent to New Orleans and Sold — Stealing Slaves in New Jersey for the Southwest Market — Coastwise Slavers that Lost their Human Cargoes in British Islands — Madison Washington a Negro Worthy of his Name — Joshua R. Giddings and the Coastwise Trade — Extent of the Coastwise Traffic,Page 173

CHAPTER XVIII

STORY OF THE AMISTAD

  • A Cuban Coastwise Slaver that may have been Used to Smuggle Slaves Into the United States — On the Way from Havana to Puerto Principe the Slaves Overpowered the Crew, and Started Back to Africa, but were Beguiled to Long Island — Judicially Decided that Slaves Unlawfully Held have a Right to Take Human Life in a Stroke for Liberty,Page 184

CHAPTER XIX

LATTER-DAY SLAVE SMUGGLERS

  • Notable Slave-ships that Plied between the African Coast and the Unidet States just before the Civil War — When the Wanderer Carried the Flag of the New York Yacht Club to the Congo — Troubles of a Smuggler as described in his Letter-book — A Movement for Legally Reopening the Slave-trade — Dream of a Slave EmpirePage 194

CHAPTER XX

WHEN THE END CAME

  • Buchanan's Administration and the Slave-trade — When the Sham Efforts to Suppress Came to an End — Story of Captain Gordon of the Erie, the First Slaver Pirate to be Executed in the United States,Page 213

PAGE

ILLUSTRATIONS

Kidnapping Ben Johnson Became a Slave Himself Frontispiece
facing
page
Bringing One that was Bound and Gagged 24
A Page from a Slaver's Ship Records 1752 55
After a Raid 48
A Wild Dash for Life was Made 64
Every Soul on Board was Blind 72
He Applied the Lash not only to Make Them Eat but to Make Them Sing 96
It was a Malaria or Death-mist that I Saw Rising 128
She Walked to the Ship’s Side and Dropped the Body into the Sea 144
Then He Cast Loose the Anchor 156
They were Seen to Throw Slaves Overboard Shackled Together 172
The Slaves on the Ship had Mutinied 192
The Human Cargo was Under the Charge of the Old Rice-field Negroes 216
Appendix A 225
Appendix B 229
 
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