Instruments of the Modern Symphony Orchestra/VIOLA

by Arthur Edward Johnstone

VIOLA

Joseph J. Kovarik
Principal Viola
N.Y. Philharmonic Orchestra

In appearance and in the manner of holding and playing, the viola is essentially the same as the violin. It is, however, a trifle larger, and its longer, heavier strings are tuned a fifth lower than those of the violin. The lowest two—the C and the G—are wire-spun.

The use of the viola as a solo instrument is rather rare, but its timbre (tone quality), veiled and somewhat nasal, is admirably adapted to the rendition of strains where a certain quality of sadness prevails and where the more open and brilliant tone of the violin would be far less appropriate.

In large orchestras about three-quarters as many violas as second violins are employed. They are most frequently used as harmony instruments, either alone or in combination with the second violins.

Viola parts are written in the alto clef—middle C on the third line. This clef is best suited to the compass of the instrument, leger lines being seldom required. For very high passages the treble clef is employed.

The pizzicato is used exactly as with the violin; also the mute, which is a trifle larger.

The viola is tuned:

The range of the viola with all chromatic intervals is:

JOSEPH J. KOVARIK
PRINCIPAL VIOLA
N. Y PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA