Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30/Issue 12/Trichromatic Analysis

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Analysis of the Munsell Color System
Journal of the Optical Society of America, Volume 30, Issue 12 (1940)
Trichromatic Analysis of the Munsell Book of Color by Kasson S. Gibson and Dorothy Nickerson
Spacing of the Munsell Colors
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4436750Journal of the Optical Society of America, Volume 30, Issue 12 — Trichromatic Analysis of the Munsell Book of ColorKasson S. Gibson and Dorothy Nickerson
​

Trichromatic Analysis of the Munsell Book of Color

James J. Glenn, Sidney Blumenthal & Company, Shelton, Connecticut AND James T. Killian, Pope & Gray, Inc., New York, New York

THE Atlas of the Munsell Color System was superseded in 1929 by the Munsell Book of Color. The advantages and disadvantages of the new color system are discussed elsewhere in this series of papers. The purpose of this paper is to establish the connection between the color system represented by the Munsell Book of Color and the system adopted in 1931 by the International Commission on Illumination. The data contained herein were obtained during 1934,[1] and were originally intended for publication in the forthcoming report of the Optical Society of America Committee on Colorimetry. When the present series of papers was recently proposed, it seemed appropriate that publication should not be further delayed.

​

Table I.

Munsell
Notation 		X Y Z x y Dominant
Wave-Length 		Excitation
Purity
10 PB 7/6 0.4543 0.4307 0.7338 0.2806 0.2661 460.4 17.6
7/4 .4650 .4495 .6976 .2884 .2788 460.0 13.0
6/8 .3627 .3214 .6815 .2656 .2354 456.0 27.6
6/6 .3372 .3098 .5889 .2728 .2507 458.0 22.8
6/4 .3495 .3295 .5591 .2823 .2661 456.0 17.2
5/10 .2359 .1968 .5232 .2468 .2059 459.0 38.4
5/8 .2413 .2070 .5027 .2537 .2177 459.0 34.2
5/6 .2352 .2109 .4470 .2634 .2361 460.0 28.0
5/4 .2352 .2179 .4014 .2752 .2550 458.0 21.2
4/10 .1570 .1234 .3697 .2415 .1898 454.0 43.1
4/8 .1578 .1288 .3557 .2457 .2005 456.0 39.8
4/6 .1566 .1344 .3092 .2613 .2226 451.0 31.4
4/4 .1436 .1279 .2504 .2751 .2451 444.0 23.5
3/10 .1041 .0703 .2847 .2267 .1531 449.0 54.6
3/8 .0974 .0755 .2247 .2450 .1899 450.0 42.4
3/6 .0904 .0740 .1913 .2541 .2080 451.0 36.3
3/4 .0842 .0729 .1635 .2626 .2274 453.5 30.2
2/6 .0498 .0408 .0121 .2584 .2117 445.0 34.6
2/4 .0490 .0408 .1007 .2573 .2141 450.5 34.3
PB 8/2 .6253 .6411 .9302 2847 .2919 478.0 12.0
7/6 .4447 .4550 .8020 .2613 .2674 477.5 23.2
7/4 .4627 .4745 .7653 .2718 .2787 477.8 18.2
7/2 .4723 .4877 .6965 .2851 .2944 477.3 11.5
6/8 .3277 .3314 .6960 .2418 .2446 476.6 33.0
6/6 .3358 .3398 .6466 .2540 .2570 476.6 27.2
6/4 .3495 .3562 .5998 .2677 .2728 477.1 20.4
6/2 .3378 .3430 .5171 .2820 .2863 476.2 13.7
5/10 .2212 .2282 .5684 .2173 .2242 477.6 44.2
5/8 .2197 .2249 .5260 .2264 .2317 477.4 40.1
5/6 .2168 .2206 .4552 .2429 .2471 477.0 32.3
5/4 .2066 .2104 .3784 .2597 .2645 477.0 24.3
5/2 .2055 .2091 .3292 .2763 .2811 476.9 16.3
4/10 .1460 .1455 .4254 .2037 .2030 476.4 51.9
4/8 .1407 .1409 .3676 .2167 .2170 476.5 45.4
4/6 .1370 .1379 .3109 .2339 .2354 476.5 37.0
4/4 .1348 .1357 .2612 .2535 .2552 476.2 27.6
4/2 .1332 .1349 .2110 .2780 .2816 476.0 15.7
3/12 .0827 .0799 .2949 .1808 .1746 475.8 63.6
3/10 .0853 .0825 .2749 .1927 .1864 475.7 57.9
3/8 .0806 .0788 .2329 .2055 .2009 475.7 51.5
3/6 .0770 0.756 .1933 .2226 .2186 475.5 43.2
3/4 .0739 0.734 .1587 .2415 .2399 475.4 33.8
3/2 .0718 0.724 .1231 .2686 .2709 476.0 20.4
2/6 .0423 .0418 .1230 .2042 .2018 476.1 51.9
2/4 .0405 .0402 .1012 .2226 .2210 476.0 42.9
2/2 .0368 .0364 0.698 .2573 .2545 474.7 26.5

​

10 B 7/6 0.4203 0.4614 0.7937 0.2509 0.2754 482.2 26.0
7/4 .4217 .4552 .6987 .2676 .2889 482.8 18.5
6/6 .2936 .3283 .6033 .2396 .2680 482.3 30.9
6/4 .3140 .3382 .5605 .2589 .2789 481.7 22.7
5/6 .1963 .2193 .4454 .2280 .2547 481.3 36.6
5/4 .1986 .2154 .3805 .2500 .2711 481.1 26.7
4/8 .1171 .1338 .3337 .2003 .2289 480.7 49.4
4/6 .1232 .1350 .3100 .2168 .2376 480.0 42.7
4/4 .1250 .1355 .2481 .2458 .2664 480.9 28.9
3/8 .0730 .0849 .2423 .1824 .2121 480.4 58.0
3/6 .0699 .0792 .1955 .2028 .2298 480.5 48.6
3/4 .0693 .0763 .1580 .2283 .2513 480.7 36.9
B 8/4 .5415 .5984 .8100 .2777 .3069 487.2 12.9
8/2 .5737 .6193 .8130 .2860 .3087 486.9 9.6
7/6 .3906 .4467 .6979 .2544 .2910 485.2 22.9
7/4 .4054 .4546 .6576 .2671 .2996 486.2 17.4
7/2 .4295 .4657 .6139 .2846 .3086 487.1 10.1
6/6 .2575 .3103 .5576 .2288 .2757 484.8 34.0
6/4 .2869 .3249 .5199 .2535 .2871 484.6 23.8
6/2 .2962 .3206 .4662 .2735 .2960 484.0 15.4
5/6 .1633 .2025 .4046 .2120 .2629 484.2 41.4
5/4 .1660 .1958 .3466 .2343 .2764 484.4 31.8
5/2 .1823 .1994 .2913 .2709 .2963 484.6 16.4
4/8 .0935 .1163 .2701 .1948 .2423 482.9 50.0
4/6 .1033 .1283 .2749 .2039 .2533 483.5 45.3
4/4 .1225 .1438 .2598 .2328 .2733 484.0 32.8
4/2 .1246 .1386 .2085 .2642 .2938 484.8 19.2
3/6 .0624 .0832 .1854 .1885 .2514 484.3 51.2
3/4 .0600 .0744 .1450 .2147 .2663 484.5 40.0
3/2 .0662 .0739 .1171 .2574 .2873 484.1 2.3
2/2 .0371 .0417 .0632 .2613 .2937 485.2 20.1
10 BG 7/4 .4008 .4619 .6258 .2693 .3103 489.2 15.6
6/6 .2675 .3412 .5083 .2395 .3055 489.1 27.2
6/4 .2743 .3266 .4606 .2584 .3077 488.9 20.0
6/2 .1649 .2191 .3697 .2188 .2907 487.5 36.1
5/4 .1713 .2094 .3142 .2465 .3013 488.1 25.0
4/6 .0991 .1345 .2266 .2153 .2923 487.9 37.2
4/4 .1056 .1322 .1977 .2425 .3036 488.6 26.2
3/6 .0500 .0724 .1351 .1942 .2812 487.3 46.0
3/4 .0605 .0791 .1298 .2246 .2936 487.7 33.7
BG 8/2 .5473 .6106 .7010 .2944 .3285 500.5 5.2
7/4 .3917 .4616 .5549 .2782 .3278 495.6 11.1
7/2 .4233 .4754 .5598 .2902 .3260 496.9 6.7
6/6 .2760 .3518 .4525 .2555 .3257 493.0 19.8
6/4 .2815 .3438 .4322 .2662 .3251 493.4 15.6
6/2 .2903 .3314 .4045 .2829 .3229 493.8 9.8
5/6 .1566 .2174 .2962 .2337 .3244 492.3 27.9
5/4 .1660 .2103 .2762 .2544 .3223 492.3 20.2
5/2 .1818 .2119 .2612 .2776 .3236 493.7 11.5 ​
BG 4/6 .9911 .1317 .1867 .2225. 3214 491.6 32.1
4/4 .1071 .1379 .1841 .2496 .3214 491.9 32.1
4/2 .1185 .1389 .1789 .2716 .3184 491.6 22.0
3/6 .0551 .0805 .1198 .2157 .3152 490.8 35.2
3/4 .0531 .0724 .0996 .2359 .3216 491.8 27.2
3/2 .0603 .0740 .0982 .2594 .3183 491.5 18.9
2/4 .0351 .0455 .0630 .2445 .3168 491.3 24.2
2/2 .0377 .0448 .0581 .2679 .3187 491.6 15.5
10 G 7/4 .3875 .4680 .5261 .2805 .3387 500.2 9.8
6/6 .2641 .3580 .3992 .2586 .3505 499.1 17.3
6/4 .2700 .3409 .3933 .2689 .3395 497.8 14.0
5/6 .1366 .2067 .2313 .2377 .3597 498.3 24.3
5/4 .1612 .2105 .2368 .2649 .3459 498.9 15.0
4/4 .0931 .1274 .1438 .2556 .3497 498.4 18.3
3/4 .0517 .0753 .0838 .2453 .3572 498.7 21.7
G 8/6 .4551 .5661 .5755 .2850 .3545 511.6 8.6
8/4 .5017 .5892 .6180 .2936 .3448 513.5 5.9
8/2 .5098 .5739 .6132 .3004 .3382 521.0 4.3
7/6 .3303 .4371 .4380 .2740 .3626 507.5 11.9
7/4 .3499 .4324 .4500 .2839 .3509 506.5 8.6
7/2 .3722 .4199 .4631 .2965 .3345 508.3 4.4
6/6 .2073 .3058 .2830 .2604 .3841 508.6 16.6
6/4 .2385 .3099 .3058 .2792 .3628 510.1 10.4
6/2 .2628 .3052 .3266 .2938 .3412 511.5 5.6
5/8 .1074 .1813 .1471 .2464 .4160 511.3 21.8
5/6 .1235 .1850 .1621 .2624 .3931 512.0 16.6
5/4 .1443 .1920 .1857 .2764 .3678 511.0 11.6
5/2 .1603 .1871 .2018 .2919 .3407 508.5 6.0
4/4 .0908 .1293 .1180 .2686 .3824 511.8 14.3
4/2 .1076 .1289 .1352 .2895 .3468 510.5 7.0
3/4 .0527 .0767 .0678 .2672 .3889 513.1 15.2
3/2 .0574 .0719 .0721 .2850 .3570 512.5 8.8
2/2 .0346 .0420 .0457 .2827 .3435 503.5 9.0
10 GY 8/6 .4734 .5851 .4375 .3164 .3911 555.0 21.8
8/4 .5216 .6177 .5275 .3129 .3706 553.7 15.5
7/8 .3202 .4513 .2434 .3155 .4447 553.2 36.2
7/6 .3416 .4514 .3003 .3124 .4129 553.3 26.8
7/4 .3783 .4549 .3776 .3124 .3757 553.0 16.8
6/10 .2099 .3116 .1344 .3200 .4751 544.2 45.6
6/8 .2334 .3288 .1660 .3205 .4515 554.8 18.3
6/6 .2303 .3162 .1899 .3127 .4294 552.3 31.3
6/4 .2478 .3120 .2475 .3069 .3865 548.8 18.3
5/8 .1311 .1955 .0889 .3155 .4705 552.8 43.2
5/6 .1532 .2177 .1145 .3156 .4485 553.2 37.3
5/4 .1661 .2086 .1569 .3125 .3924 552.6 21.2
4/6 .1007 .1406 .0876 .3062 .4275 549.2 29.3
4/4 .1053 .1367 .1053 .3032 .3936 546.1 19.3
3/4 .0598 .0813 .0555 .3039 .4138 547.6 24.8

​

GY 8/8 0.4912 0.6116 0.2059 0.3753 0.4673 566.9 58.1
8/6 .5050 .6018 .3166 .3548 .4228 566.5 40.6
8/4 .5256 .5939 .4463 .3357 .3793 566.3 23.8
8/2 .5410 .5810 .5567 .3223 .3461 566.4 11.2
7/10 .3404 .4325 .1021 .3890 .4943 567.2 69.1
7/8 .3636 .4499 .1637 .3721 .4628 566.7 56.0
7/6 .3710 .4490 .2108 .3599 .4356 566.5 45.4
7/4 .3918 .4468 .3175 .3389 .3865 566.4 26.6
7/2 .3959 .4269 .4003 .3237 .3490 566.4 12.5
6/8 .2578 .3257 .1170 .3680 .4650 565.8 55.5
6/6 .2657 .3221 .1287 .3708 .4495 567.4 52.0
6/4 .2749 .3184 .2047 .3445 .3900 566.4 31.4
6/2 .2912 .3157 .2897 .3248 .3521 566.3 13.6
5/8 .1665 .2129 .0680 .3722 .4759 565.8 59.6
5/6 .1680 .2075 .0952 .3569 .4408 565.4 46.0
5/4 .1792 .2102 .1247 .3486 .4089 566.4 35.2
5/2 .1954 .2144 .1866 .3276 .3595 566.2 16.3
4/6 .1068 .1283 .0675 .3529 .4240 566.0 40.5
4/4 .1146 .1336 .0861 .3428 .3996 565.8 31.1
4/2 .1225 .1344 .1200 .3250 .3566 565.1 14.8
3/4 .0701 .0800 .0584 .3362 .3837 565.7 25.0
3/2 .0727 .0798 .0695 .3275 .3595 566.1 16.2
2/2 .0463 .0519 .0453 .3226 .3617 562.4 15.5
10 Y 8/8 .5333 .6108 .1683 .4064 .4654 571.7 65.7
8/6 .5329 .5922 .2983 .3744 .4160 571.7 44.0
8/4 .5525 .5996 .4328 .3486 .3783 571.2 26.9
7/8 .3890 .4443 .0924 .4202 .4800 572.3 73.5
7/6 .3812 .4320 .1571 .3929 .4452 571.7 56.9
7/4 .4026 .4398 .2892 .3558 .3887 571.4 31.6
6/6 .2913 .3290 .0891 .4106 .4638 572.4 66.5
6/4 .3017 .3296 .1871 .3686 .4027 572.3 38.8
5/6 .2017 .2275 .0788 .3970 .4478 572.1 58.7
5/4 .1951 .2177 .1072 .3752 .4187 571.5 44.8
4/4 .1258 .1393 .0687 .3769 .4173 572.0 44.8
Y 8/12 .5426 .5726 .0717 .4572 .4828 575.9 84.0
8/10 .5512 .5798 .0995 .4479 .4712 576.0 78.6
8/8 .5449 .5780 .1827 .4174 .4427 575.3 62.7
8/6 .5456 .5702 .2887 .3885 .4060 575.7 45.0
8/4 .5423 .5604 .3982 .3613 .3734 576.1 29.1
8/2 .5413 .5570 .5169 .3351 .3448 575.8 14.4
7/10 .4063 .4226 .0797 .4472 .4651 576.5 76.8
7/8 .3927 .4175 .0834 .4395 .4672 575.5 75.2
7/6 .4040 .4199 .1598 .4107 .4269 576.3 56.7
7/4 .4108 .4244 .2790 .3687 .3809 576.2 33.0
7/2 .4281 .4403 .4031 .3367 .3463 575.7 15.2
6/8 .3107 .3241 .0721 .4395 .4585 576.3 72.8
6/6 .2964 .3064 .0900 .4278 .4423 576.7 65.2
6/4 .3034 .3122 .1816 .3806 .3916 576.7 39.0
6/2 .3068 .3148 .2764 .3416 .3506 576.4 17.6
5/6 .1935 .2022 .0603 .4243 .4434 576.2 64.8
5/4 .1983 .2054 .1070 .3883 .4022 576.3 44.0
5/2 .2008 .2060 .1774 .3437 .3526 576.4 18.8
4/4 .1264 .1308 .0639 .3936 .4073 576.4 46.8
4/2 .1406 .1451 .1183 .3480 .3592 575.8 21.7
3/2 .0749 .0771 .0697 .3378 .3478 575.7 15.8
2/2 .0529 .0544 .0457 .3458 .3556 576.1 20.0

​

10 YR 8/6 0.6308 0.121 0.3619 0.3931 0.3814 580.9 3.98
8/4 .6082 .5995 .4700 .3625 .3575 .581.0 25.0
7/10 .4556 .4298 .0845 .4697 .4431 580.8 76.8
7/8 .4673 .4441 .1417 .4437 .4217 580.8 64.0
7/6 .4548 .4388 .2061 .4136 .3990 580.7 50.0
7/4 .4711 .4573 .3316 .3739 .3629 582.0 29.6
6/10 .3855 .3584 .0754 .4705 .4374 581.6 75.5
6/8 .3728 .3495 .1064 .4499 .4217 581.5 65.7
6/6 .3573 .3390 .1383 .4281 .4062 581.4 55.8
6/4 .3253 .3188 .1998 .3855 .3778 580.5 36.7
5/8 .2277 .2120 .0576 .4579 .4263 581.7 69.1
5/6 .2259 .2122 .0872 .4300 .4040 582.0 55.7
4/5 .2171 .2083 .1118 .4041 .3878 581.4 44.3
4/4 .1459 .1370 .0608 .4245 .3986 582.2 52.8
YR 8/4 .6304 .5994 .5185 .3606 .3428 586.6 20.7
8/2 .6147 .6060 .6182 .3343 .3295 586.0 10.0
7/10 .5037 .4266 .1353 .4727 .4003 586.8 66.0
7/8 .5089 .4392 .2027 .4422 .3816 587.4 53.0
7/6 .4844 .4313 .2688 .4089 .3641 587.7 39.2
7/4 .4763 .4414 .3487 .3761 .3485 587.6 26.3
7/2 .4505 .4363 .4310 .3419 .3311 588.1 12.4
6/12 .4025 .3393 .0651 .4988 .4205 585.8 78.5
6/10 .3925 .3225 .0906 .4872 .4003 587.9 70.0
6/8 .3815 .3252 .1259 .4582 .3906 587.2 59.6
6/6 .3619 .3215 .1817 .4183 .3716 587.0 43.8
6/4 .3354 .3903 .2323 .3824 .3257 587.1 29.1
6/2 .3172 .3074 .2876 .3477 .3370 585.9 15.6
5/10 .2578 .2105 .0512 .4962 .4052 587.8 73.6
5/8 .2503 .2091 .0696 .4732 .3953 587.7 64.9
5/6 .2369 .2044 .0912 .4449 .3838 587.2 54.3
5/4 .2185 .1947 .1214 .4087 .3642 587.7 39.2
5/2 .1978 .1890 .1726 .3536 .3379 587.2 17.3
4/8 .1603 .1363 .0500 .4625 .3932 587.1 61.5
4/6 .1717 .1458 .0629 .4514 .3833 588.0 55.7
4/4 .1603 .1410 .0761 .4247 .3736 587.2 46.0
4/2 .1365 .1273 .1052 .3699 .3450 587.8 23.6
3/4 .0932 .0815 .0422 .4297 .3757 587.4 47.9
3/2 .0770 .0713 .0576 .3740 .3463 588.1 25.1
2/2 .0544 .0504 .0365 .3855 .3567 586.2 30.8
RYR 8/4 .6653 .6218 .5709 .3581 .3347 591.0 17.8
7/8 .5279 .4392 .2814 .4228 .3518 593.3 39.7
7/6 .5191 .4511 .3575 .3910 .3398 594.3 28.0
7/4 .4998 .4462 .3908 .3739 .3338 595.0 21.8
6/10 .4355 .3330 .1385 .4802 .3671 594.0 59.2
6/8 .4172 .3356 .1817 .4464 .3591 593.3 48.0
6/6 .3968 .3351 .2225 .4158 .3511 592.7 37.5
6/4 .3643 .3250 .2727 .3787 .3378 593.3 24.0
5/10 .2786 .2025 .0967 .5058 .3676 595.6 66.2
5/8 .2862 .2193 .0996 .4730 .3624 594.6 56.0
5/6 .2634 .2077 .1149 .4495 .3544 595.0 31.5
5/4 .2420 .2055 .1537 .4025 .3418 595.0 47.5
4/10 .2169 .1532 .0602 .5041 .3560 597.4 62.7
4/8 .1983 .1446 .0608 .4912 .3582 597.0 59.9
4/6 .1878 .1430 .0717 .4666 .3553 596.0 52.5
4/4 .1639 .1360 .0920 .4182 .3470 594.5 37.2
3/6 .1105 .0845 .0474 .4559 .3486 597.5 47.5
3/4 .0958 .0766 .0535 .4241 .3391 598.7 36.7

​ ​

RP 8/6 0.6784 0.6304 0.7605 0.3278 0.3046 499.0 c 8.1
8/4 .6628 .6272 .7670 .3222 .3049 502.7 c 7.0
8/2 .6767 .6583 .7726 .3211 .2976 495.0 c 3.7
7/8 5529 .4878 .5982 .3374 .3123 499.4 c 12.7
7/6 5492 .4923 .5913 .3364 .3015 497.8 c 11.0
7/4 5311 .4922 .5872 .3298 .3056 497.8 c 8.0
7/2 4993 .4795 .5681 .3228 .3100 497.1 c 5.0
6/10 4450 .3415 .4391 .3631 .2786 499.7 c 25.2
6/8 4198 .3361 .4234 .3560 .2850 499.4 c 21.2
6/6 3923 .3322 .4129 .3449 .2921 499.5 c 16.2
6/4 .3670 .3268 .4034 .3345 .2978 500.3 c 12.1
6/2 .3409 .3238 .3927 .3224 .3062 501.0 c 6.4
5/10 3296 .2315 .3017 .3820 .2683 499.1 c 32.7
5/8 .3034 .2271 .2984 .3660 .2740 500.3 c 27.5
5/6 .2718 .2161 .2781 .3548 .2821 500.4 c 22.1
5/4 .2491 .2131 .2644 .3428 .2933 499.5 c 15.3
5/2 .2327 .2169 .2640 .3261 .3040 500.5 c 8.0
4/12 .2255 .1422 .2112 .3895 .2456 502.1 c 43.4
4/10 .2234 .1462 .2144 .3825 .2503 502.3 c 40.0
4/8 .2021 .1418 .1983 .3727 .2615 501.9 c 33.7
4/6 .1872 .1404 .1941 .3585 .2698 503.1 c 27.8
4/4 .1693 .1395 .1835 .3439 .2834 503.2 c 19.6
4/2 .1573 .1444 .1810 .3259 .2992 504.8 c 9.9
3/10 .1317 .0811 .1219 .3935 .2423 502.0 c 45.3
3/8 .1123 .0744 .1070 .3824 .2533 501.8 c 38.8
3/6 .0996 .0706 .0998 .3689 .2615 502.6 c 33.0
RP 3/4 .0902 .0710 .0956 .3512 .2765 503.0 c 23.8
3/2 .0802 .0707 .0905 .3322 .2929 504.6 c 13.7
2/6 .0663 .0447 .0730 .3603 .2429 510.0 c 39.0
2/4 .0594 .0430 .0638 .3574 .2587 506.8 c 32.1
2/2 .0473 .0388 .0512 .3445 .2826 503.5 c 20.0
10 P 8/4 .6610 .6266 .8387 .3109 .2947 549.7 c 8.9
7/8 .5460 .4755 .6842 .3201 .2788 534.4 c 17.0
7/6 .5215 .4698 .6441 .3189 .2873 530.3 c 13.3
7/4 .5107 .4690 .6248 .3183 .2923 528.7 c 11.2
6/8 .4120 .3288 .5393 .3218 .2569 539.2 c 26.0
6/6 .3949 .3348 .5094 .3187 .2702 539.8 c 20.1
6/4 .3747 .3313 .4670 .3194 .2824 533.0 c 15.3
5/10 .3215 .2255 .4138 .3346 .2347 531.3 c 37.4
5/8 .2919 .2145 .3674 .3341 .2455 528.4 c 33.0
5/6 .2724 .2152 .3388 .3296 .2604 533.5 c 25.2
5/4 .2534 .2164 .3118 .3242 .2769 527.0 c 18.5
4/10 .2048 .1336 .2772 .3327 .2170 537.0 c 44.1
4/8 .2015 .1434 .2691 .3282 .2336 537.5 c 36.7
4/6 .1831 .1407 .2364 .3268 .2512 534.6 c 29.2
4/4 .1723 .1438 .2193 .3218 .2686 535.7 c 21.3
3/10 .1157 .0722 .1727 .3209 .2022 546.0 c 48.7
3/8 .1126 .0754 .1606 .3230 .2163 543.9 c 42.7
3/6 .1039 .0764 .1481 .3164 .2326 547.0 c 34.8
3/4 .0953 .0739 .1282 .3204 .2485 542.3 c 29.2
2/6 .0610 .0416 .0904 .3161 .2155 547.9 c 41.6
2/4 .0561 0411 .0828 .3117 .2283 550.1 c 35.6 ​
P 8/4 0.6342 0.5943 0.9016 .0.2977 .2790 564.4 c 12.6
8/2 .6071 .5956 .7875 .3050 .2993 563.0 c 5.9
7/6 .4934 .4325 .7520 .2941 .2578 562.4 c 20.5
7/4 .4756 .4390 .6802 .2982 .2753 563.0 c 14.3
7/2 .4603 .4468 .6123 .3029 .2941 564.2 c 7.5
6/8 .3818 .3119 .6382 .2867 .2342 562.8 c 28.6
6/6 .3681 .3170 .5833 .2902 .2499 563.1 c 23.1
6/4 .3572 .3261 .5291 .2946 .2690 564.0 c 16.0
6/2 .3367 .3211 .4607 .3010 .2871 564.0 c 10.0
5/10 .2722 .2005 .4957 .2811 .2070 562.0 c 38.5
5/8 .2571 .2002 .4463 .2845 .2216 562.3 c 33.4
5/6 .2345 .1944 .3800 .2899 .2403 562.1 c 26.8
5/4 .2225 .1967 .3386 .2936 .2596 563.0 c 19.8
5/2 .2145 .2034 .2934 .3016 .2860 562.7 c 10.5
4/12 .1944 .1247 .3753 .2800 .1796 560.5 c 49.4
4/10 .1766 .1261 .3250 .2813 .2009 561.5 c 41.0
4/8 .1649 .1241 .2874 .2861 .2135 561.2 c 36.1
4/6 .1573 .1280 .2581 .2895 .2356 561.9 c 28.7
4/4 .1503 .1301 .2262 .2967 .2568 560.9 c 21.3
4/2 .1401 .1311 .1929 .3019 .2825 561.5 c 12.0
3/10 .1297 .0783 .2646 .2744 .1657 561.1 c 54.1
P 3/8 .1131 .0779 .2130 .2800 .1928 561.4 c 44.0
3/6 .1023 .0773 .1804 .2842 .2147 561.8 c 36.1
3/4 .0918 .0745 .1507 .2896 .2350 561.7 c 29.0
3/2 .0856 .0778 .1226 .2993 .2720 561.5 c 15.8
2/6 .0530 .0378 .0979 .2809 .2003 561.7 c 41.2
2/4 .0505 .0382 .0850 .2907 .2199 559.9 c 35.0
2/2 .0451 .0378 .0687 .2975 .2943 559.4 c 24.6
NEUTRAL
1 .0196 .0200 .0236 .3101 .3165 — —
2 .0355 .0360 .0425 .3114 .3158 497.2 c 0.3
3 .0697 .0710 .0840 .3102 .3160 — —
4 1.1259 .1280 .1525 .3098 .3150 400.0 0.6
5 .1896 .1933 .2306 .3090 .3151 479.0 0.6
6 .2976 .3039 .3644 .3081 .3146 484.5 1.0
7 .4384 .4486 .5275 .3099 .3171 492.0 3.3
8 .5521 .5658 .6543 .3115 .3193 569.0 1.3
9 .7196 .7379 .8388 .3134 .3213 572.2 2.2
9.4 .8247 .8447 .9489 .3150 .3226 573.0 3.0
9.6 .8906 .1921 1.0466 .3126 .3201 571.0 1.5

​ Some 400 color samples were obtained from the Munsell Color Company in November, 1934. These samples, backed by a standard white material, were compared spectrophotometrically against a freshly smoked surface of magnesium oxide deposited on magnesium carbonate. The spectrophotometer employed was of a type[2] that records the diffuse reflection factors of the sample relative to those of the magnesium-oxide standard. These spectral reflection factors were converted by integration into tristimulus values, using a selected-ordinate method with thirty ordinates.

In Table I, column 1 indicates the Munsell designation of the color. Columns 2, 3, and 4 give the tristimulus values for the 1931 I.C.I. standard observer and Illuminant C. Columns 5 and 6 list the ​ trichromatic coefficients. The last two columns list the dominant wave-length in millimicrons and the excitation purity in percent.[3] The dominant wave-length in the case of purples is indicated by listing the wave-length of the complementary color.

We wish here to acknowledge our indebtedness to Professor Arthur C. Hardy, who suggested this undertaking and offered much helpful advice during the progress of the work. We are indebted also to Dr. David L. MacAdam for operating the spectrophotometer during the determination of the spectrophotometric data.

  1. ↑ Bachelor’s Thesis, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1935.
  2. ↑ J. Opt. Soc. Am. 25, 305 (1935).
  3. ↑ The Handbook of Colorimetry (Technology Press, Cambridge. Massachusetts, 1936).
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