Latin for beginners (1911)/Part II/Lesson XXIII

by Benjamin Leonard D'Ooge

Layout 2

LESSON XXIII

PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE OF REGŌ AND AUDIŌ

147. As we learned in § 126, the present stem of the third conjugation ends in -ĕ, and of the fourth in -ī. The inflection of the Present Indicative is as follows:

	Conjugation III	Conjugation IV
	re´gō, re´gere (rule)	au´diō, audī´re (hear)
	Pres. Stem regĕ-	Pres. Stem audī-
	Singular
1.	re´gō, I rule	au´diō, I hear
2.	re´gis, you rule	au´dīs, you hear
3.	re´git, he (she, it) rules	au´dit, he (she, it) hears
	Plural
1.	re´gimus, we rule	audī´mus, we hear
2.	re´gitis, you rule	audī´tis, you hear
3.	re´gunt, they rule	au´diunt, they hear

1. The personal endings are the same as before.

2. The final short -e- of the stem regĕ- combines with the -ō in the first person, becomes -u- in the third person plural, and becomes -ĭ- elsewhere. The inflection is like that of erō, the future of sum.

3. In audiō the personal endings are added regularly to the stem audī-. In the third person plural -u- is inserted between the stem and the personal ending, as audi-u-nt. Note that the long vowel of the stem is shortened before final -t just as in amō and moneō. (Cf. § 12. 2.)

Note that -i- is always short in the third conjugation and long in the fourth, excepting where long vowels are regularly shortened. (Cf. § 12. 1, 2.)

148. Like regō and audiō inflect the present active indicative of the following verbs:

Indicative Present	Infinitive Present
agō, I drive	agere, to drive
dīcō, I say	dīcere, to say
dūcō, I lead	dūcere, to lead
mittō, I send	mittere, to send
mūniō, I fortify	mūnīre, to fortify
reperiō, I find	reperīre, to find
veniō, I come	venīre, to come

I.

1. Quis agit? Cūr venit? Quem mittit? Quem dūcis?
2. Quid mittunt? Ad quem veniunt? Cuius castra mūniunt?
3. Quem agunt? Venīmus. Quid puer reperit?
4. Quem mittimus? Cuius equum dūcitis? Quid dīcunt?
5. Mūnīmus, venītis, dīcit.
6. Agimus, reperītis, mūnīs.
7. Reperīs, dūcitis, dīcis.
8. Agitis, audīmus, regimus.

II.

1. What do they find? Whom do they hear? Why does he come?
2. Whose camp are we fortifying? To whom does he say? What are we saying?
3. I am driving, you are leading, they are hearing.
4. You send, he says, you fortify (sing. and plur.).
5. I am coming, we find, they send.
6. They lead, you drive, he does fortify.
7. You lead, you find, you rule, (all plur.).

Proximum domiciliō Cornēliae erat pulchrae Campānae domicilium. Campāna erat superba nōn sōlum fōrmā suā sed maximē ōrnāmentīs suīs. Ea^[1] laudābat semper. “Habēsne tū ūlla ōrnāmenta, Cornēlia?” inquit. "Ubi sunt tua ōrnāmenta?" Deinde Cornēlia fīliōs suōs Tiberium et Gāium vocat. "Puerī meī," inquit, "sunt mea ōrnāmenta. Nam bonī līberī sunt semper bonae fēminae ōrnāmenta maximē clāra."

Note. The only new words here are Campāna, semper, and tū.

"PUERI MEI SUNT MEA ORNAMENTA"

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References

1. Ea, accusative plural neuter.