Latin for beginners (1911)/Part II/Lesson XXXVI

by Benjamin Leonard D'Ooge

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LESSON XXXVI

REVIEW OF PRINCIPAL PARTS • PREPOSITIONS
YES-OR-NO QUESTIONS

208. The following list shows the principal parts of all the verbs you have had excepting those used in the paradigms. The parts you have had before are given for review, and the perfect participle is the only new form for you to learn. Sometimes one or more of the principal parts are lacking, which means that the verb has no forms based on that stem. A few verbs lack the perfect passive participle but have the future active participle in -ūrus, which appears in the principal parts instead.

Irregular Verbs
sum absum dō1	esse abesse dare	fuī āfuī dedī	futūrus āfutūrus datus	be be away give

1. dō is best classed with the irregular verbs because of the short a in the present and participial stems.

Conjugation I
portō	portāre	portāvī	portātus	carry
So for all verbs of this conjugation thus far used.
Conjugation II
contineō dēleō doceō egeō faveō iubeō moveō noceō pāreō persuādeō prohibeō respondeō sedeō studeō videō	continēre dēlēre docēre egēre favēre iubēre movēre nocēre pārēre persuādēre prohibēre respondēre sedēre studēre vidēre	continuī dēlēvī docuī eguī fāvī iussī mōvī nocuī pāruī persuāsī prohibuī respondī sēdī studuī vīdī	contentus dēlētus doctus —— fautūrus iussus mōtus nocitūrus —— persuāsus prohibitus respōnsus -sessus —— vīsus	hold in, keep destroy teach lack favor order move injure obey persuade (from) restrain, keep reply sit be eager see
Conjugation III
agō crēdō dīcō discēdō dūcō faciō[1] fugiō iaciō interficiō mittō rapiō resistō	agere crēdere dīcere discēdere dūcere facere fugere iacere interficere mittere rapere resistere	ēgī crēdidī dīxī discessī dūxī fēcī fūgī iēcī interfēcī mīsī rapuī restitī	āctus crēditus dictus discessus ductus factus fugitūrus iactus interfectus missus raptus ——	drive believe say depart lead make flee hurl kill send seize resist
Conjugation IV
mūniō reperiō veniō	mūnīre reperīre venīre	mūnīvī rep´perī vēnī	mūnītus repertus ventus	fortify find come

209. Prepositions. 1. We learned in §§ 52, 53 that only the accusative and the ablative are used with prepositions, and that prepositions expressing ablative relations govern the ablative case. Those we have had are here summarized. The table following should be learned.

ā or ab, from, by

cum, with

dē, down from, concerning

ē or ex, out from, out of

prō, before, in front of; for, in behalf of

sine, without

2 Prepositions not expressing ablative relations must govern the accusative (§ 52). Of these we have had the following:

ad, to; apud, among; per, through

There are many others which you will meet as we proceed.

3. The preposition in when meaning in or on governs the ablative; when meaning to, into, against (relations foreign to the ablative) in governs the accusative.

210. Yes-or-No Questions. Questions not introduced by some interrogative word like who, why , when, etc., but expecting the answer yes or no, may take one of three forms:

1. Is he coming? (Asking for information. Implying nothing as to the answer expected.)
2. Is he not coming? (Expecting the answer yes.)
3. He isn^t coming, is he? (Expecting the answer no.) These three forms are rendered in Latin as follows:
4. Venitne? is he coming ?
5. Nōnne venit? is he not coming?
6. Num venit? he isn’t coming, is he?

a. -ne, the question sign, is usually added to the verb, which then stands first.

b. We learned in § 56. that yes-or-no questions are usually answered by repeating the verb, with or without a negative. Instead of this, ita,vērō, certē, etc. (so, truly, certainly, etc.) may be used for yes, and nōn, minimē, etc. for no if the denial is emphatic, as, by no means, not at all. 211..

EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 290.

I.

1. Nōnne habēbat Cornēlia ōrnāmenta aurī? Habēbat.
2. Num Sextus lēgātus scūtum in dextrō bracchiō gerēbat? Nōn in dextrō, sed sinistrō in bracchiō Sextus scūtum gerēbat.
3. Frūstrā bella multa ab Gallīs gesta erant.
4. Ubi oppidum ā perfidō Sextō occupātum est, oppidānī miserī gladiō interfectī sunt.
5. Id oppidum erat plēnum frūmentī.
6. Nōnne Sextus ab oppidānīs frūmentum postulāvit? Vērō, sed iī recūsāvērunt frūmentum dare.
7. Cūr oppidum ab Sextō dēlētum est? Quia frūmentum recūsātum est. 8. Ea victōria nōn dubia erat.
8. Oppidānī erant dēfessī et armīs egēbant.
9. Num fugam temptāvērunt? Minimē.

II.

1. Where was Julia standing? She was standing where you had ordered.
2. Was Julia wearing any ornaments? She had many ornaments of gold.
3. Did she not attempt flight when she saw the danger? She did.
4. Who captured her? Galba captured her without delay and held her by the left arm.
5. She didn´t have the lady’s gold, did she? No, the gold had been taken by a faithless maid and has been brought back.

Fourth Review, Lessons XXVII-XXXVI, §§ 513-516

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References

1. faciō has an irregular passive which will be presented later.