Mimicry in Butterflies/Plates

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Mimicry in Butterflies
by Reginald Crundall Punnett

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1484864Mimicry in Butterflies — PlatesReginald Crundall Punnett

PLATE I
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

1.	Pareronia ceylonica	♀	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	(Pieridae)
2.	Pare"onia ceyl"	♂		(Pieridae)
3.	Danais septentrionis			(Danainae)
4.	Papilio xenocles			(Papilionidae)
5.	Hypolimnas bolina	♂	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	(Nymphalinae)
6.	Hypo"imnas bol"	♀		(Nymphalinae)
7.	Papilio clytia var. dissimilis		$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	(Papilionidae)
8.	Pa"ilio cl"tia var. lankeswara			(Papilionidae)
9.	Elymnias singhala			(Satyrinae)
10.	Euploea core			(Danainae)

× ⅔ Plate I

ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

PLATE II
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

1.	Delias eucharis			(Pieridae)
2.	Caduga tytia			(Danainae)
3.	Papilio agestor			(Papilionidae)
4.	Euploea mulciber	♂	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	(Danainae)
5.	Eu"loea mul"	♀		(Danainae)
6.	Elymnias malelas	♂	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	(Satyrinae)
7.	Ely"nias mal"	♀		(Satyrinae)
8.	Euploea rhadamanthus			(Danainae)
9.	Papilio mendax			(Papilionidae)

× ⅔ Plate II

ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

PLATE III
ORIENTAL MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES

The three upper figures are those of moths, and the three lower ones are those of butterflies.
1.	Alcidis agathyrsus	(New Guinea)
2.	Papilio laglaizei	(N"w Gui"
The moth is here supposed to serve as a model for the far rarer Papilio.
3.	Cyclosia hestinioides
4.	Ideopsis daos
The butterfly is very common and must be regarded as the model, the rarer moth as the mimic.
5.	Epicopeia polydora	(Assam)
6.	Papilio bootes	(As"
Both of these species are to be regarded as mimics of the abundant Pharmacophagus Papilio, P. polyxenus, which is very like P. bootes in appearance.

× ⅔ Plate III

ORIENTAL MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES

PLATE IV
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

1.	Danais chrysippus	♂	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	(Danainae)
2.	Da"ais plexippus	♀		(Danainae)
3.	Argynnis hyperbius	♀	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	(Nymphalinae)
4.	Arg"nnis hype"	♂		(Nymphalinae)
5.	Elymnias undularis	♀	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	(Satyrinae)
6.	Ely"nias und"	♂		(Satyrinae)
7.	Hypolimnas misippus	♀	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	(Nymphalinae)
8.	Hypo"imnas misi"	♂		(Nymphalinae)

The two Danaids together with the females of the other three species form a "mimicry ring." For explanation see text, pp. 65-69.

× ¾ Plate IV

ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

PLATE V
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

1.	Papilio	polytes	♂
2.	"	"	♀, var. cyrus (M form)
3.	"	"	♀, var. polytes (A form)
4.	"	"	♀, var. romulus (H form)
5.	"	aristolochiae
6.	"	hector

The specimens figured on this plate were taken in Ceylon where they are all plentiful. Figures 1a—6a represent the under surfaces of the hind wings belonging to specimens 1—6.

× ¾ Plate V

ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

PLATE VI
AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES
(except A. levana, Figs. 8—10, which is European)

1.	Danais petiverana	(Danainae)
2.	Papilio leonidas	(Papilionidae)
3.	Amauris hyalites	(Danainae)
4.	Papilio leonidas var. brasidas	(Papilionidae)
5.	Pseudacraea boisduvali	(Nymphalinae)
6.	Papilio ridleyanus	(Papilionidae)
7.	Acraea egina	(Acraeinae)
8.	Araschnia levana var. porima
9.	Aras"hnia le"ana var. prorsa
10.	Aras"hnia le"ana
11.	Precis octavia var. sesamus
12.	Pr"cis oc"avia var. natalensis

× ⅔ Plate VI

AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

PLATE VII
TROPICAL AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

1.	Planema macarista	♂	(Acraeinae)
2.	Pla"ema mac"	♀	(Acra"
3.	Pla"ema tellus		(Acra"
4.	Pla"ema paragea		(Acra"
5.	Pla"ema epaea		(Acra"
6.	Pseudacraea hobleyi	♂	(Nymphalinae)
7.	Pseu"acraea ho"	♀	(Nymp"
8.	Pseu"acraea terra		(Nymp"
9.	Elymnias phegea	♀	(Satyrinae)
10.	Papilio cynorta	♀	(Papilionidae)

(Note. Pseudacraea hobleyi and P. terra (Figs. 6—8) were at one time regarded as separate species. More recently they have been shewn to be forms of the polymorphic species, Pseudacraea eurytus.)

× ⅔ Plate VII

TROPICAL AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

PLATE VIII
AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

1.	Papilio dardanus	♂
2.	Pa"ilio dard"	♀, var. trophonius
3.	Pa"ilio dard"	♀, var. hippocoon
4.	Pa"ilio dard"	♀, var. cenea
5.	Danais chrysippus	(Danainae)
6.	Amauris niavius	(Dan"
7.	Ama"ris echeria	(Dan"
8.	Hypolimnas dubius	var. mima	(Nymphalinae)
9.	"Hypo"imnas du"	var. wahlbergi	"

× ³⁄₅ Plate VIII

AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

× ³⁄₅ Plate IX

AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

Danais chrysippus		Acraea encedon		Hypolimnas misippus ♀
a.	Typical form	d.	Typical form	g.	Typical form
b.	Alcippus form	e.	Alcippina form	h.	Alcippoides form
c.	Dorippus form	f.	Daira form	i.	Inaria form
(After Aurivillius)

PLATE X
SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

1.	Dismorphia cretacea	♂	(Pieridae)
2.	Dism"rphia praxinoe	♂	(Pie"
3.	Dism"rphia pra"	♀	(Pie"
4.	Perrhybris malenka	♂	(Pie"
5.	Perr"ybris mal"	♂ (under surface)	(Pie"
6.	Perr"ybris mal"	♀	(Pie"
7.	Mechanitis saturata		(Ithomiinae)
8.	Papilio zagreus		(Papilionidae)
9.	Protogonius tithoreides		(Nymphalinae)
10.	Tithorea pseudonyma		(Ithomiinae)

(Note. The figure of the Mechanitis (Fig. 7) is taken from a rather worn specimen. The quality of the orange brown is better shewn by the specimen illustrated in Fig. 7 on Plate XV.)

× ⅔ Plate X

SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

PLATE XI
SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

1.	Heliconius sulphurea		(Heliconinae)
2.	Papilio pausanias		(Papilionidae)
3.	Heliconius telesiphe		(Heliconinae)
4.	Colaenis telesiphe		(Nymphalinae)
5.	Heliconius melpomene		(Heliconinae)
6.	Pereute charops	♀	(Pieridae)
7.	Per"ute cha"	♂	(Pie"
8.	Papilio osyris	♂	(Papilionidae)
9.	Pa"ilio os"	♀	(Papil"
10.	Archonias critias	♀	(Pieridae)

× ⅔ Plate XI

SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

Plate XII

SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

Plate XIII

MODELS		MIMICS
1.	Papilio nephalion	4.	Papilio lysithous	var. lysithous
2.	Pa"ilio chamissonia	5.	Pa"ilio lysi "	var. rurik
3.	Pa"ilio perrhebus	6.	Pa"ilio lysi "	var. pomponius

(For further details of this case see Jordan, I^er Congr. Internat. d'Entomologie, Bruxelles, 1911, p. 396.)

Plate XIV

Microphotographs of the scales of various Lepidoptera in the S. American "Transparency group."

For explanation see text, pp. 39-42.

PLATE XV
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES
Illustrating the closely parallel series of patterns occurring in the two distinct groups Heliconinae and Ithomiinae.

1.	Heliconius	mirus
2.	"	telchinia
3.	"	eucrate
4.	"	pardalinus
5.	"	splendens
6.	Mechanitis	elisa
7.	"	saturata
8.	"	lysimnia
9.	"	egaensis
10.	"	methona

× ⅔ Plate XV

CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

PLATE XVI
NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

1.	Papilio philenor	(Papilionidae)
2.	Pa"ilio troilus	(Papili"
3.	Argynnis diana ♀	(Nymphalinae)
4.	Limenitis arthemis	(Nymp"
5.	Lim"nitis astyanax	(Nymp"
6.	Lim"nitis archippus	(Nymp"
7.	Lim"nitis floridensis (= eros)	(Nymp"
8.	Danais archippus	(Danainae)
9.	Da"ais berenice	(Dan"

× ⅔ Plate XVI

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES