Open access and the humanities/Index

by Martin Paul Eve

Index

academic freedom, 32, 37–8, 60–1, 127

Ad Hoc Committee on Fair Use and Academic Freedom, 94

Education Reform Act of 1988, 60

history of, 60–1

international variance of, 60

Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure, 60

academics

as brands, 52, 150

as editors, 49, 52, 151

as reviewers, 49, 148

awareness of open access, 126

copyright, relationship to, 18, 20

freedom of. See academic freedom

labour of, 48–9, 55, 63–4, 66, 115

objections to open access, 30–4

payments for publishing. See article processing charge (APC)

remuneration of, 2, 18, 56–8, 62, 133

support for open access, 24–5, 30

Ad Hoc Committee on Fair Use and Academic Freedom, 94

Adema, Janneke, 114, 122

agency theory, 64–5

Alonso, Carlos, 138 alternative metrics (altmetrics), 51

Amazon, 119, 126

American Association of University Professors, 60

Amherst, 39

amplification, 19, 47, 52–3, 151

Amsterdam University Press, 40, 123, 134

Analysis of Variance between groups (ANOVA), 123

Arden Shakespeare. See Bloomsbury Academic

Arendt, Hannah, 26

art history, 97

article processing charge (APC), 9, 32, 38, 41–2, 58–61, 70–3, 76, 80–2, 84, 179–81

academic freedom, relationship to, 60

as transfer of financial risk, 59

for monographs, 130

for Palgrave Macmillan, 59

for Taylor & Francis, 59

for Ubiquity Press, 60

range, 59

waivers, 59

Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), 77

Arts and Humanities User Group, 108

arXiv, 61, 73–6, 83, 146

assembly (programming language), 92

Association of American Universities, 132

first-book subvention, 132

Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers, 68

Association of Research Libraries, 13, 132

first-book subvention, 132

Athabasca University Press, 133

Australia, 81, 131

Australian National University, 39

Australian Research Council, 81, 102

AVA. See Bloomsbury Academic

Baraniuk, Richard, 133

Barnes and Noble, 119

Bauin, Serge, 81

Beall, Jeffrey, 41–2, 62

Beall’s List, 41

Berg Publishers, 124, See Bloomsbury Academic

Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and the Humanities, 21, 80

Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, 87

Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing, 21, 24

Bhaskar, Michael, 19

bibliometrics, 27

biomedical sciences, 100

Bird, Rebecca Bliege, 75

BIS Select Committee Inquiry into Open Access, 5, 32, 68

Bloomsbury Academic, 36, 134

and open licensing, 36

profits of, 36

book processing charge. See article processing charge (APC)

books. See monographs

Bourdieu, Pierre, 45, 161

Outline of a Theory of Practice, 45, 161

BPC. See article processing charge (APC)

Brazil, 81

Brill, 123, 134

Bristol Classical Press. See Bloomsbury Academic

British Academy, 7, 31, 69

British Medical Journal, 44

Budapest Open Access Initiative, 21, 24

business models

article processing charge (APC). See article processing charge (APC)

consortial, 61, 75, 134–5

first-book subvention, 132

for open-access monographs, 130–7

freemium, 39, 70, 82, 130, 133–4

institutional subsidy, 132–3

learned societies, 39

print subsidy, 131–2

subscriptions, 3, 14, 18–20, 25, 38, 41, 52, 67, 70

Cambridge University, 32, 132

Cambridge University Press, 37, 112, 134

Canada, 81, 133

Caribbean, 80

Cassell. See Bloomsbury Academic

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 81

charities, 23, 108

Chen, Yiyu, 80

China, 78–80

Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80

Churchill, Winston, 146

citation, 10, 21, 26, 28, 69, 93, 104, 123–4, 141, 149

as derivative, 93

half-lives, 69

classics (discipline), 125

codex, 114, 131, 146

Collins, Ellen, 113, 115

CommentPress, 145

commissioning editors, 36

Committee of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, 80

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), 65, 150

commodity form, 4, 43, 62–3, 66–7, 84, 111, 119

communication studies, 94

comparative literature, 24

compiler (computer science), 92

computer science, 92, 94

contingent faculty, 56–7, 60

Continuum. See Bloomsbury Academic

Controlled Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (CLOCKSS), 126, 179

copyediting, 10, 65, 120

CopyLeft, 17, 34, 109

copyright, 2, 4, 12, 16–21, 33, 78, 86–97, 100, 103–6, 111, 119, 179

Copyright Act of 1911, 86

copyright assignment, 88

Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988, 87

critique of natural rights stance, 103

economic rights, 87–8

history of, 18

image licensing, 94

moral rights, 87

non-exclusive license to publish, 89

Statute of Anne, 86

term, 87

transfer, 87

Copyright Clearance Center, 95

Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA), 95

Cornell University, 74

COUNTER, 65

Creative Commons licenses, 4, 12, 20, 36, 89–111, 179

attribution (CC BY), 32–3, 89–90, 102, 105–6, 108, 110, 130

attribution no-derivatives (CC BY-ND), 90, 95

attribution non-commercial (CC BY-NC), 90, 108, 110

attribution non-commercial no-derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND), 90

attribution non-commercial share-alike (CC BY-NC-SA), 90

attribution share-alike (CC BY-SA), 34, 89–90, 109

BY clause, 90

CC0, 90

definitions of, 90–2

incompatible modifiers, 90

irrevocability, 92

legal rulings on non-commercial clause, 108

marketisation of higher education, 109–10

plagiarism, 105

Crewe, Jennifer, 117

critical editions, 103

critical theory, 57

critical thinking, 99

critique, 23, 137–8

Crossick, Geoffrey, 129

cultural capital. See prestige

Culture Machine, 24

Darley, Rebecca, 69

data, 26, 33, 72, 77, 83, 94, 101, 119, 123, 129

database, 31, 90, 96

Davidson, Cathy N., 138

de Gruyter, 130, 134

Denmark, 82

Department of Health and Human Sciences, 83

di Lauro, Roberto, 82

digital humanities, 96, 101, 109

Digital Humanities Quarterly, 24

digital preservation, 11, 41, 65, 72, 126, 179

CLOCKSS. See Controlled Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (CLOCKSS)

LOCKSS. See Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (LOCKSS)

Portico. See Portico

Digital Public Library of America (DPLA), 83

digital rights management (DRM), 65

Dingwall, Robert, 107

Directory of Open Access Journals, 9, 80–1

disciplinarity, 54

discoverability, 47, 51–2, 68, 101, 118–19, 123–4

list as form of, 118–19

distribution, 11, 65, 69, 85, 88, 109, 111, 120, 132

Docherty, Thomas, 54

double dipping, 70–1, 77, 180

mitigation by Taylor & Francis, 71

Duguid, Paul, 94

Duke University Press, 115, 134

early career researchers, 126, 140

economics, 4, 9, 11, 14, 16, 43–85, 130–7, 151

article processing charge (APC). See article processing charge (APC)

differentiated pricing for open access, 72

free rider problem, 75

monographs, 130–7

peer review, 139–40

zero price point. See zero price point

Edinburgh University Press, 134

edited collections, 41, 51, 113, 129, 148, 150

editing, as curation, 151

eLife, 101

Elsevier. See Reed Elsevier

embargo, 10, 68–9, 77, 81–3, 133, 180

Engelen, Jos, 82

epigraphs, 97

ePub (file format), 130, 132–3

European Research Council, 77

European Union (EU), 102

fact checking, 72

fair dealing. See fair use

fair use, 2, 86, 88, 93, 95–6, 100–1, 104, 110, 179

Fairchild Books. See Bloomsbury Academic

Ferwerda, Eelco, 122

filter failure, 143

filtering, 19, 70, 116, 143, 150–1

Finch, Janet, 40. See also Finch Report

Finch Report, 5, 59

first-book subvention, 132

Fisher, Richard, 112

Fitzpatrick, Kathleen, 99, 125, 133, 145–6

Planned Obsolescence, 145

footnote, 28

Foucault, Michel, 100, 138

Foucault Studies, 24

framing, 19, 47, 151

France, 81–2

free culture, 12, 16, 21, 93, 103

free culture movement, 12, 16, 21

free software, 63, 92

Friedman, Milton, 36

funders. See research funders

galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAMS), 64

Gamut: Online Journal of the Music Theory Society of the Mid-Atlantic, 24

gatekeeper, 118, 139, 143

Gatti, Rupert, 131–2

Ginsberg, Benjamin, 60

Ginsparg, Paul, 73, 146

Global Research Council (GRC), 77–8

global warming, 149

Gluejar, 135

GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), 89

GNU Public License (GPL), 17, 20

Godwin’s law, 107

gold open access, 8–12, 20, 32, 43, 49, 59–61, 66, 69–73, 75–7, 80–4, 124, 127–8, 130, 135–6, 179–81

and prestige, 50

compared to green open access, 10

Google, 68, 100, 123–4

Google Books, 123–4

Grafton, Anthony, 28

green open access, 10, 12, 30, 32, 43, 60, 67–9, 71, 73, 76–8, 80–4, 88, 125, 136, 180–1

as digital preservation, 11

compared to gold open access, 10

embargo. See embargo

evidence for subscription cancellations, 67–9

publisher policies, 10

typical researcher workflow for, 10

Gross, Michael A., 64

Guadamuz, Andrés, 109

Guédon, Jean-Claude, 24

Hall, Gary, 131–2, 140

Hall, Richard, 63

Harnad, Stevan, 2, 9, 79

Harvard University, 13, 20

Harvard University Press, 44

hate crime, 148

Health and Medical Research Council, 81

Hewitt, Ted, 81

high-energy physics, 23, 68–9, 73

Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), 71, 113, 122–30

monograph investigation, 129–30

QR funding, 129

Research Excellence Framework (REF). See Research Excellence Framework (REF)

Hill, John, 144

history (discipline), 32, 125, 129

Hitler, Adolf, 107

Hoeller, Keith, 57

Hogler, Raymond, 64

Holland. See Netherlands, the

Holmwood, John, 5, 32–3, 109–10

Horizon 2020, 102

humanities

awareness of open access, 126

formal involvement in the history of open access, 23–4

research, purpose of. See under research

scholar-led open-access projects, 24–5, 67

slow humanities, 149

value of, 28, 52, 54, 64, 108, 148–9

hybrid open access, 8, 39, 59, 73, 77–8, 180

HyperText Markup Language (HTML), 133

immigration, 148

independent researchers, 13, 29

India, 22, 80

Informa Group, 35, 128. See also Routledge; Taylor & Francis

profits of, 35–6, 128

Institute for the Future of the Book, 145

institutional repository, 9–10, 41, 77–8, 81–3, 88, 180–1

InTech, 130

intellectual property. See copyright

International Association of Scientific, Technical & Medical Publishers, 109

international criminal law, 125

internet, 1–2, 25, 29, 55, 107, 115, 119, 135, 144, 149, 151, 180

intersubjectivity, 26

IOS Press B.V., 123

Italy, 82

Japan, 82

Jensen, Michael, 44

Jisc, 39

Jisc Collections, 89–90, 122

Johns, Adrian, 135

Jöttkandt, Sigi, 132

Journal of Ethics & Social Philosophy, 24

Journal of Neo-Victorian Studies, 24

Journal of Victorian Culture, 32

Joy, Eileen, 24

Jubb, Michael, 78–9

Kelty, Chris, 98

Kennison, Rebecca, 74

Kimmons, Royce, 3

KITLV Press, 123

Knowledge Unlatched, 36, 61, 134–5

participating presses, 135

Koninklijke Brill NV. See Brill

Koninklijke van Gorcum, 123

Lawson, Stuart, 59

learned societies, 38–40, 78, 125

business models. See business models

objections to open access, 38–40

subscriptions, dependence upon, 39

support for open access, 38–9

Lessig, Lawrence, 20, 103

libel, 88, 103, 107

liberal humanism, 53, 55, 64

librarians

objections to open access, 41–2

library, 9, 14, 34, 38, 41–2, 59, 61, 68, 71, 75, 78, 80, 96, 114, 128, 132, 135

future of, 41

Lincoln University, New Zealand, 81

Linguistic Society of America (LSA), 38

literary criticism, 26

literature (discipline), 125

live art, 26

Liverpool University Press, 40, 124, 134

Look, Hugh, 134–5

Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (LOCKSS), 11, 126, 179

Lu, Yongxiang, 80

Mac OS, 17

machine code, 92

Manchester University Press, 130, 135

mandates, 5, 7, 21, 23, 34, 60, 62, 73, 78–9, 81, 83–4, 102, 112, 124, 132, 136

Mandler, Peter, 32, 105

Marian, Michel, 81

marketing, 52, 65, 72, 117, 125

Marxism, 7, 41, 62–7

Masciandaro, Nicola, 24

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 38

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), 33

McCarthyism, 42

McGann, Jerome, 25, 151

McGettigan, Andrew, 34

McPherson, Robert, 112

MediaCommons, 133

metadata, 9, 78, 133, 141, 179–80

Methuen Drama. See Bloomsbury Academic

Mexico, 81

micro-monopoly. See mini-monopoly

Microsoft Windows, 17

mini-monopoly, 14, 50, 61, 74

Ministry of Higher Education and Research, 81

Modern Language Association (MLA), 112

Möller, Erik, 108

Monash University Publishing, 131

monographs, 5, 15, 21, 40, 42, 44, 48, 50, 52, 58–9, 82, 111–38

aggregation channels, 119

barriers to entry, 120

book processing charge (BPC), 130

consortial model for, 134–5

definition of, 113

differences to journals, 120–1

economic models for open access, 130–7

freemium, 133–4

green open access for, 125

institutional subsidy of, 132–3

investigations into open-access monographs, 121–30

Knowledge Unlatched. See Knowledge Unlatched

length, 115

open licensing of, 119

pricing, 116–17

print as complement to digital, 114

print run of, 15

print subsidy, 131–2

production costs of open-access version, 123

production of, 117–19

royalties, 58, 133

trade crossover, 5, 116–17

uses of, 114–17

Multics, 17

National Academies, 39

National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), 83, 133

National Institute of Health, 82–3

National Institute of Informatics, 82

National Knowledge Commission, 80

National Repository of Open Access to Quality Scientific, Technological and Innovative Information Resources of Social and Cultural Interest, 81

Nature publishing group, 35

Nazism, 107

neoliberalism, 7, 23, 28, 34, 37, 45, 50, 54–6, 62, 109–10, 117

Netherlands, the, 82, 122

Netherlands National Organisation for Scientific Research, 82

Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-Century Electronic Scholarship (NINES), 24

New York University Press, 146

New Zealand, 81

Newton, Hazel, 115

Neylon, Cameron, 7

ngram, 100

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 106

Nietzsche Source, 105

19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 24

nonrivalrous commodity exchange, 2, 15–16

Norberg, Lisa, 74

Nye, Joseph, 73

OAPEN-NL, 40, 122–4

budget of, 123

OAPEN-UK, 40, 113, 122, 124–8, 137

matched pairs, 124

qualitative results, 125–8

quantitative results, 125

object code, 92

open access

academic objections to, 30–4

academic support for, 24–5, 30

apolitical approach to, 7

BBB definition of, 21, 67, 89, 109

benefits of, 2, 78

citation advantage, 28, 123

commercial publishers’ objections to, 34–8

definition of, 8

differentiated pricing, 72

economics of. See economics

gold. See gold open access

gratis, 11, 95, 111, 119, 180

green open access. See green open access

history of, 12–22

hybrid open access. See hybrid open access

international approach to, 5–6, 84

learned societies’ objections to, 38–40

learned societies’ support for, 38–9

librarians’ objections to, 41–2

libre, 11–12, 23, 111, 180

mandates. See mandates

objections to, 3, 5, 30–42

open licensing. See open licensing

politics of, 4, 6–7, 23, 33–4, 55, 67, 107–11

prerequisites to, 2

quality, perception of, 125, 137

scientific origins, 4, 22–30

transition to. See transition

university presses’ objections to, 38–40

unversity presses’ support for, 38–9

Open Access movement, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 128

Open Access Publishing in European Networks (OAPEN), 82, 114, 122

Open Book Publishers (OBP), 131–2

economic model of, 132

Open Humanities Press (OHP), 24, 132

Open Journal Systems, 21, 120

Open Library of Humanities, 61, 135

open licensing, 12, 36, 42, 62, 86–111, 119, 128

academic objections to, 32–4

benefits of, 94–101

copyright, relationship to, 86–7

Creative Commons licenses. See Creative Commons licenses

objections to, 21, 32–4, 102–11

Open Monograph Press, 120

open source. See free software

OpenEdition, 71, 82, 133

OpenEdition books, 133

Otago Polytechnic, 81

overlay journal, 146–50

Oxford University, 40, 57

Oxford University Press, 37, 40, 118, 124

Oxford Scholarship Online, 118

Page, Amanda, 39

Palgrave Macmillan, 35, 59, 115, 124, 130, 146

book processing charge (BPC), 59

Pivot (form-length experiment), 115

paper-centrism, 131, 140

Pearson PLC, 33

peer review, 5, 10, 15, 29, 41, 44–5, 47, 49, 52, 65, 72, 74, 115, 118, 125, 127, 131, 137–49, 181

academic labour cost per year, 127

anonymity, 141–3, 145

as economic force, 139–40

double-blind method, 128, 138, 140, 143, 145

experiments in, 142–6

speed of, 148–50

Penn State University, 39

Pergamon Press, 128

Ph.D. candidates. See early career researchers

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 144

philosophy, 24

Philp, Mark, 100

Pinter, Frances, 36, 134

plagiarism, 28, 32, 86, 88, 104–5, 110

definition of, 104

PLOS ONE, 143–5, 147

review criteria of, 143

Portable Document Format (PDF), 10, 131–3

Portico, 126

Portugal, 80

postcolonialism, 22

preservation, 11. See also digital preservation

prestige, 4, 14–15, 19, 38, 44–55, 71, 75, 84, 90, 125, 141

accumulation of, 48–50, 55

advantages of, 47

and dissemination, 46–7

and economics, 46

as a proxy measure for quality, 44, 47–8, 50–2, 55, 57

benefits of, 50–1

relationship to labour supply and job

scarcity, 48–9, 51

relationship to quality, 47

print-on-demand, 36, 116, 119, 132, 134

proofreading, 65, 120

public funding. See taxpayers

Public Knowledge Project, 120, 132

Public Library of Science (PLOS), 37, 59, 143–4, 147

PLOS ONE. See PLOS ONE

publishers, 84, 114, 125

as editors, 118

commercial, 34–8

copyright, relationship to, 19–21, 88, 111

disintermediation of, 120

predatory, 41

profits, advantages of, 36–7

profits of, 14, 19, 34, 50, 70

remuneration of, 9–10, 19–20, 89, 111

publishing

as a service, 61, 65, 72

business models. See business models

crises of, 4, 13–15, 112

labour of, 2, 15, 19, 66, 72, 76, 88, 151

Publishing and the Ecology of European Research (PEER) project, 68

PubMed Central, 83

Punctum Books, 24

Purdue University, 132

Purdue e-Pubs, 132

Purdue University Press, 132, 135

Rand, Ayn, 42

Readings, Bill, 54, 57

Reed Elsevier, 34, 128

profits of, 34

Regional Studies, 128

Regional Studies, Regional Science, 128

Regional Studies Association (RSA), 127–8

Registry of Open Access Repositories Mandatory Archiving Policies (ROARMAP), 79

research

as dialectic, 27, 96

as information, 27

as reputation, 28, 44. See also prestige

as verification, 28

changes to practice from open access, 28–30

commodity form of, 43, 62–7

exchange-value of, 56, 62, 64, 67

originality of, 28

purpose of, 25–30

use of, 26–8

use-value of, 64

Research Councils UK (RCUK), 78–9, 84, 102, 129

Research Excellence Framework (REF), 129

history of, 129

popularity with academics, 129

research funders, 3–6, 11, 21, 23, 56, 59, 73, 77, 80, 102, 114, 125, 151

Research Information Network (RIN), 78

Review of African Political Economy, 32

Reynolds, Daniel, 69

Rice University, 133

Routledge, 35, 124, 128. See also Informa Group

Royal Historical Society (RHS), 127

Royal Society, 144

Rutgers University Press, 135

Rutten, Paul, 114

SAGE, 59

SAGE Open, 59

article processing charge, 59

Scholarly Kitchen, 41

SciELO, 80

Science Europe, 77, 80

SCOAP³, 61, 74

Selwyn, Neil, 6

Semantics and Pragmatics, 38

serials crisis, 13–14

Sheridan, Alan, 100

SHERPA/RoMEO, 10, 180

Shirky, Clay, 143

filter failure, 143

Simons Foundation, 74

Small, Helen, 25, 108

Smith, Eric Alden, 75

Snijder, Ronald, 122

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), 81

socially necessary labour time, 66

soft power, 73

software, 11–12, 17, 20–1, 63, 86, 92–3, 101, 120

source code, 17, 92–3

South Africa, 80

South America, 5, 81

Spain, 80

Spatial Economic Analysis, 128

Springer, 123, 130

Stallman, Richard M., 17–18, 20, 93, 103

Suber, Peter, 3, 14, 21, 24, 39, 48, 58, 67–8, 96, 137

subject repository, 77. See institutional repository

Supreme Court of the United States, 18

surplus value, 64–6

Sutton, Caroline, 39

Sweeney, David, 71

symbolic capital. See prestige

T&T Clark. See Bloomsbury Academic

taxpayers, 31, 82–3

Taylor & Francis, 35, 59, 70, 102, 128. See also Informa Group

article processing charge (APC), 59

double dipping policy, 71

Techne Press, 123

technological fetishism, 94

Temple University Press, 135

Territory, Politics, Governance, 128

text and data mining, 100–1, 109

Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), 106

Thakur, Neil, 82

Thatcher, Sandy, 99, 135

Thompson, John, 36, 117

Thomson Reuters, 80

tipping point, 7, 73

Tosi, Alessandra, 131

transition, 5, 61, 70, 76

tipping point. See tipping point

translation, 98–100

bad translation, 99–100

professional translators, 100

transparency, 54–5, 77, 143

Two Cultures, 26

typesetting, 10, 22, 65, 72, 120

Ubiquity Press, 60

book processing charge (BPC), 60

United Kingdom, 5, 9, 21, 32–4, 39–40, 57, 59–60, 68, 71, 77–9, 83–4, 86, 95, 102, 110, 113, 122, 124, 129, 131, 135, 137

United States of America, 18, 21, 57, 60, 82–3, 87, 95, 103, 133, 135, 143

constitution of, 87, 103

university, 5, 8–9, 19, 22, 30, 33–4, 37–8, 40, 43, 52–4, 56–7, 60, 62, 64, 67, 99, 108, 110–11, 117, 132

as instrument of social change, 53

external perception of, 52–5

isolation of, 53–5

University of Adelaide Press, 131

University of California Irvine, 132

University of California, Los Angeles, 132

University of Lincoln, UK, 9

University of Michigan, 132

University of Michigan Press, 39, 135

University of Montreal, 24

University of Pittsburgh, 133

University of Texas at Austin, 39

University of Waikato, 81

University of Wales Press, 40, 124

university presses, 35, 38–40

as commercial publishers, 38

objections to open access, 38–40

support for open access, 38–9

University Publishing Online, 118

Unix, 17

Unsworth, John, 138

Vardi, Moshe Y., 133

Veletsianos, George, 3

version of record, 10, 68, 125, 150

Vincent, Nigel, 7

Wageningen Academic Publishers, 123

Walt Disney Company, 87

Wark, McKenzie, 145

Gamer Theory, 145

Waters, Donald J., 126

Waterstones, 116, 119

Web 2.0 expo, 143

Weber, Samuel, 53

Wellcome Trust, 79, 102, 124, 130

Wendling, Amy, 63

Wickham, Chris, 7, 69

Wikipedia, 29, 89, 98, 109

Wiley, 102

Willinsky, John, 12, 21, 98

Winn, Joss, 63, 66

Wise, Alicia, 34

Wissoker, Ken, 115

Withey, Lynne, 138

Wordsworth, Ann, 57

XML, 65, 106, 116, 119

zero price point, 65, 116–17