who had been repeatedly warned of this new danger. He called himself the Emperor 雄武 Hsiung Wu of the Great Yen dynasty, and for a time carried everything before him. But he was assassinated by his own son 安慶緒 An Ch'ing-hsü, who feared that he was going to be deprived of the succession in favour of the offspring of a concubine; and within three years of the first rising, the son too had been taken prisoner and put to death by Shih Ssŭ-ming. Canonised by his adherents as 燕剌王.
An Ti. See (Han) Liu Tu; (Chin) Ssŭ-ma Tê.
12Ao-pai 鼇拜. Died A.D. 1669. A Minister under the Emperor Shun Chih. Ennobled as Duke and appointed one of four Regents during the minority of K'ang Hsi, he overawed his colleagues and established a species of tyranny. For opposing his wanton proposal to transfer the farms of officers of the Plain White Banner (that being the Banner of his enemy Su-k'o-sa-ha) to his own Bordered Yellow Banner, several statesmen of high rank were executed; and in one case he did not hesitate to forge a Decree of death. His crimes came to light in 1669, and he paid the penalty with his life.
13Ayuli Palpata 爱育黎披力八達. 1285-1320. Younger brother of Kaisun, whom he succeeded in 1311, to the exclusion of the latter's own son, as fourth Emperor of the Yüan dynasty. Of excellent personal character, well-read in Confucianism and Buddhism, averse to field sports and to war, he laboured to improve the government, and readily removed abuses brought to his notice. However, the practice of confining the highest posts to Mongols of birth worked ill, and the people were ground down with exactions. He instituted regular triennial official examinations, and the first list of Mongol chin shih was published in 1315. In 1314 he forbade eunuchs to hold civil office, but broke the prohibition in the following year. Sumptuary laws were enacted for the
