of Confucius, and author of the Doctrine of the Mean. After studying under Tsêng Ts'an, he entered official life and ultimately became Minister to Duke Mu of the Lu State. The latter treated him with great kindness; but K'ung Chi repelled his advances, even refusing his presents because he could not be bothered to return thanks for them. He lived in great poverty, and domestic clouds overshadowed his life. His mother married a second time, and he had to divorce his wife. His son refused to mourn for a divorced mother, and this rule now prerails in the family of K'ung. He was posthumously ennobled as Duke, and in 1108 his tablet was placed in the Confucian Temple (see Yen Hui). He is also known as 述聖子.
1041 K'ung Ch'i 孔祈. Son of K'ung Mu-chin, and great-great grandfather of Confucius. His tablet stands in the Confucian Temple among ancestors glorified as sages. His name is variously given as 臯夷 and 睾夷.
1042 K'ung Chi-han 孔繼涵 (T. 葒谷). 18th cent A. D. Uncle of K'ung Kuang-sên, and an authority on the Book of Rites.
1043 K'ung Ch'iu 孔邱 (T. 仲尼). B. C. 551-479. A native of 闕里 Ch'üeh-li, a hamlet of Ch'ang-p'ng in Shantung, known to foreigners as Confucius, which is the Latinised form of 孔夫子 K'ung Fu Tzŭ, the Philosopher K'ung. His father's name was K'ung Shu-liang Ho (q.v.) and on the latter's death, his mother married again and removed to a place called 曲阜 Ch'ü-fu. Many stories are told of his childish precocity, but the authenticity of these is more than doubtful (see Wang Su). In B. C. 533 he married, and in the following year his wife gaye birth to a son (see K'ung Li). After holding some petty post in connection with the grain administration, he took to teaching, and soon surrounded himself by a school of eager and earnest disciples. He visited the ancient capital, whence he returned to be Magistrate at Chung-tu in his native State. His success in that capacity was so marked
