in 1676—7. Included in the Temple of WorttiieB, and canonised
as ^^.
1493 ManguEhan ^^. A.D. 1208-1259. Eldest son of |g ^ Tnli and nephew of Ogotai. He was selected as Emperor in 1251, when the misrule of the wi?es of Ogotai and Enyak had thrown the country into disorder. He put down all opposition, reduced oppressiye burdens, curbed the power of the nobles, and ruled with a strong hand. He was taciturn, and a hater of feasts and wine; but he loved hunting, and was a firm belie?er in witchcraft. On his accession he entrusted his Chinese possessions to his brother Eublai; and in 1257 he recalled him, influenced by reports of his extraordinary popularity. Mangu extended his rule in Central Asia and in south-western China, and his generals eyen overran Cochin- China, but were forced by the heat to retire. Aiter a steady advance in SstLch'uan , a general invasion of China in three colnmm was ordered in 1259. The Ehan himself proceeded by way of Sstlch^uan; Kublai directed his attack on Wu-ch^ahg and Ch'ang- sha; while the army operating against Cochin-China moved against the latter city. The invasion was checked by the stout defence of Ho-chou on the river ^ |^ Ohia-ling, 60 miles north of its junction with the Yang-tsze at Chungking. An attempt to^relieye the city with a fleet from Chungking failed; • pestilence howeyer ravaged the ranks of the Mongols and at last slew their leader, on which the siege was raised. Canonised as ^ ^.
1494 mao Ch*ang ^ ^ (T. ^ ^). 2nd cent. B.C. A native of the Chao State, said by some to have been the son of Mao H6ng and to have received from him the latter's work on the Odes. He then prepared an edition of the Odes with a commentary of his own, now known as ^ ^ and believed to contain the original text as delivered by Confucius to Pu Shang. He is sometimes spoken of as % ^, and also as >J> ^ the Younger Mao, to distil
