shih, held office in the Han-lin College, and was afterwards a Censor. He was the first to warn the Emperor Ying Tsung against overpartiality for his Imperial relatives. Elder brother of Chang Shang-ying, and author of the following historical and biographical works: 仁宗正要，宋名臣傳，蜀梼杌．
112Chang Tao-ling 張道陵 (T. 輔漢). A.D. 84-156. A native of the 天目 T'ien-mu hill in Chehkiang. A precocious child, he is said to have mastered the philosophy of Lao Tzŭ by the time he was seven years old. Declining to take office, he retired to the mountains, and devoted himself to the study of alchemy. On one occasion he went to Ssŭch'uan to drive out troublesome demons. He spent much of his time at the 上清宮 Perfectly Pure Palace on Mt. 龍處 Lung-hu in Kiangsi; and at length, having discovered the elixir of life, he solemnly swallowed a dose, and ascended as an Immortal to the skies. He was ennobled as Marquis by the Emperor Chang Ti, and is said to have been the first Taoist "Pope" (see K'ou Chien-chih).
Chang Ti. See Liu Ta.
113Chang Ti 張迪. 11th cent. A.D. Father of the famous Chang Tsai, and an official under the reign of the Emperor Jen Tsung of the Sung dynasty, A.D. 1023-1064. Admitted to the Confucian Temple in 1724.
114Chang T'ien-hsi 張天錫 (T. 純嘏). Died A.D. 376. A younger son of Chang Chün. He poisoned his nephew Chang Hsüan-ching, and usurped his titles. After a life of riot and debauchery, he surrendered in 376 to Fu Chien and his allies at the city of 金昌 Chin-ch'ang in Honan. With him ended the dynasty of the Former Lianga.
115Chang T'ing-yü 張廷玉 (T. 衡臣 and 硯齋). A.D. 1670-1756. The first Chinese who under the present dynasty was honoured with a place in the Imperial Temple. Graduating in 1700, his
