was over. In 1866 he advocated the establishment of an arsenal at Pagoda Anchorage; but the Nien fei and the Mahomedan rebels were then giving great cause for anxiety, and he was transferred to the Viceroyalty of Shensi and Eansnh. Having driven away the Nien fei from the neighbourhood of Hankow, he entered Shensi and defeated them in May 1867. By August 1868 he was not far from Tientsin, and then succeeded in utterly routing these rebels. He followed this up by such vigorous operations against the Mahomedans in Shensi that by the end of June 1869 that province was completely pacified, and by April 1870 the enemy was driven beyond the Great Wall. In 1871, in spite of difficulties for want of funds, and local outbreaks and mutinies in his rear, he invested Su-chou inEansuh, and it fell in November 1873. By the end of 1874 his advance- guard had reached Hami, and settled down to raise a crop, as supplies were very uncertain. In 1875 he was appointed Imperial Commissioner for the New Dominion (Turkestan) with Chin-shun as assistant Commissioner. Difficulties in regard to m6ney and supplies delayed his further progress for some time, and it was not until April 1876 that his main body advanced beyond the Qreat Wall. By the middle of August Urumtsi and ^ ^ Ti-hua were recovered, and Manas, the southern city of the rebel stronghold, was taken. Winter stopped all operations, but next year his patience was crowned with complete success. On the 20th April 1877 ^ J^ P*i-chan was taken, and six days later. Turf an. After the harvest had been gathered, Harashar was taken on the 10th October; j^ ]^ K*u-chf[ on the 19th; Aksu and ,% {f Wu-shih by the end of the month; and Yarkand, Yingishar, and Kashgar by the end of the year. Ehoten fell on the 2nd January 1878. After this splendid campaign, which may be compared with the most brilliant efforts of Western commanders and which in 3 years cost some 27 millions of taels, Tso was ennobled as Marquis. In 1878 he started a woollen
