capital fell, and 吳世璠 Wu Shih-fan committed suicide. Owing to jealousies, it was not until 1694 that he was ennobled and received a present of Tls. 2,000. He is stated to have owed his successes to his strict discipline and sympathy with his soldiers, whose hardships he invariably shared. Canonised as 襄忠, and in 1730 included in the Temple of Worthies.
Chao Lieh Ti. See Liu Pei.
172 Chao Mêng-chien 趙孟堅 (T. 子固. H. 彝齊居士). 13th cent. A.D. A scion of the Imperial House of Sung, who graduated in 1226, and about 1260 was a Fellow of the Han-lin College. After the fall of the Sung dynasty, he lived in seclusion at 秀 Hsiu-chou in Chehkiang until his death at the age of ninety-seven. A deep student and a fair poet, he is famous for his landscapes and flowers drawn in black and white. Author of the 梅譜, a treatise on the plum-tree.
173 Chao Mêng-fu 趙孟頫 (T. 子昂 H. 松雪). A.D. 1254-1322. A lineal descendant of the founder of the Sung dynasty, and an hereditary official. Upon the fall of the House of Sung he retired into private life until 1286, when he was summoned to Court and appointed secretary in the Board of War. By 1316 he had risen to a high post in the Han-lin College, and was highly esteemed by the Emperor, who always addressed him by his style, Tzu-ang, instead of using his official name, Meng-fu. He was distinguished as a calligraphist, and as a painter of landscapes, flowers, men, and horses. His wife, 管夫人 the Lady Kuan, was also an artist of considerable talent. Canonised as 文敏.
174 Chao O 趙娥. A filial daughter, who lived about B.C. 150. Her father having been falsely accused and executed, and his goods confiscated, by a corrupt official named 季壽 Chi Shou, she set to work to avenge his death. She practised until she became an adept at the use of the sword; and at length, after ten years of
