(and upond the whole before –r), Legeme body, sjette (pr. sjæte) sixth, tjene to serve, fjer(d)e fourth, Stedet the place, udstede to issue, tilstede to permit and other derivatives of Sted; Chef chief.
13. æ (short) has the same sound as English e in men; Ex.: hæslig ugly, lægge to lay.
This sound is in orthography as a rule represented by the sign e which is pronounced in this way in most cases when it is short and at the same time stressed; Ex.: denne this, Ven friend, elske to love, Ende end, svensk Swedish. It is written æ when derived from a word with long sound of æ, written æ, or from word with a, aa or ei in the root; Ex.: kærlig affectionate (from kær dear), fælde to fell (from Fald fall), nægte to deny (from nej no); Hænder hands (from Haand hand); furthermore in Præst priest and some other words.
14. e represents the sound of French é in été or of English a in name, but without the diphthongic element of the latter (more like the common American pronunciation of a). This is the common sound of e when it is long (except before r, see § 12); Ex.: se to see, Reb rope, Snes score.
When a word in one form has a long e, then it, as a rule, retains the same quality of the sound, even if the vowel in other forms of the word is shortened: hedt hot (neuter of hed), ledt searched (partcp. of lede). The short variety of the same sound is also found in the unstressed prefixes be– and ge–: bestemme to decide; Gemal consort; furthermore in some monosyllables ending in –d or –v: Bed bed (in garden), Fjed step, Drev pinion (but Sted see § 12).
15. This sound (e) is represented by the orthographical sign of i in a great many cases where the vowel is short; especially is i pronounced this way before mm, mp, nt, ng, nk, besides some other cases; Ex.: Fisk fish (pron. fesk), fiske to fish, ridse to scratch, Pligt duty, vil will, Spil play, Pille pill, digte to make poetry, lidt a little (pron. let, but lidt suffered [partcp. of lide] pron lit), midt middle (pron. met, but mit mine pron. mit), Skin appearance, Tin tin, in the prefix mis, misbruge to misuse: Misdæder malefactor; unstressed in the derivative endings –ling, –ning: Yndling favorite, Slægtning relative. Some words may be spelt with either i or e: tusinde and tusende thousand,
