first was held in 1784, the next in 1790, and the next in 1799. They were then suspended till 1823, 1830, and 1836 (Oct. 4–7, Sir G. Smart conductor), when Mendelssohn's 'St. Paul' was performed for the second time, and for the first time in England. Up to this date the concerts had been held in churches, but the next Festival took place at the Philharmonic Hall in 1874 (Sept. 29–Oct. 1)—conductor Sir Julius Benedict. The St. George's Hall, containing rooms available for music, was opened in September 1854.
Liverpool has a Philharmonic Society, which was founded Jan. 10, 1840, and opened its hall Aug. 27, 49. There are twelve concerts every year, six before and six after Christmas. Sir Julius Benedict succeeded Mr. Alfred Mellon as conductor April 9, 67, and has been conductor ever since.—The Liverpool Musical Society, which formerly gave oratorio concerts in St. George's Hall, has been extinct since 1877. The St. George's Hall has a very fine organ by Willis, on which performances are given by Mr. W. T. Best on Thursday evenings and Saturday afternoons and evenings. Orchestral concerts are given by Mr. Charles Halle during the winter season in the Philharmonic Hall.
[App. p.704 "No festival has been held since 1874. Add that Sir Julius Benedict was succeeded as conductor of the Liverpool Philharmonic Society in 1880 by Herr Max Bruch, since whose retirement in 1882 the post has been filled by Mr. Charles Hallé."]
[ G. ]
LLOYD, Edward—son of Richard Lloyd, chorister, and afterwards assistant lay vicar of Westminster Abbey, and assistant vicar choral of St. Paul's (born March 12, 1813, died June 28, 1853), and Louisa, sister of Dr. John Larkin Hopkins—was born March 7, 1845, and received his early musical education in the choir of Westminster Abbey under James Turle. In 1866 he obtained the appointment of tenor singer in the chapel of Trinity [App. p.705 "King's"] College, Cambridge, which he resigned in 1867 on being appointed a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal, a post which he held about two years. He has since devoted himself entirely to concert singing. He made his first great success at Gloucester Festival, in 1871, in Bach's St. Matthew Passion-music, and in 1874 won universal admiration by his singing of 'Love in her eyes sits playing' at the Handel Festival at the Crystal Palace. He has since gained increased reputation as an oratorio and concert singer. His voice is a pure tenor of excellent quality, and his style musician-like and finished.
[ W. H. H. ]
LOBE, Johann Christian, musician, and writer on music of some eminence, was born May 30, 1797, at Weimar, and owed his musical instruction to the Grand Duchess Maria Paulowna. The flute was his instrument, and after performing a solo at the Gewandhaus, Leipzig, in 1811, he settled at his native place as second flute in the Duke's band. He has written five operas, besides overtures for the orchestra, P.F. quartets, and other compositions. But it is as a litterateur that he is most interesting to us. He resigned his place at Weimar in 1842, and in 46 undertook the editing of the Allgem. mus. Zeitung of Leipzig, which he retained until the termination of that periodical in 48. In 1853 he began a publication called 'Fliegende Blätter für Musik, of which about 20 numbers were published; he then edited the musical department of the Leipzig Illustrirter Zeitung, and made endless contributions to other periodicals. His principal books, some of which have appeared first in the periodicals, are 'Musikalische Briefe … von einer Wohlbekannten,' 2 vols, Leipzig, 1852; 'Aus dem Leben eines Musiker' (Ib. 59); a Catechism of Composition, and another of Music (both have been translated); 'Consonanzen und Dissonanzen' (Ib. 1870); Lehrbuch der musikalischen Composition (4 vols. Ib. 1851 to 67). To the amateur student these works are all valuable, because they treat of the science of music in a plain and untechnical way, and are full of intelligence and good sense. The Musikalische Briefe, a series of short sketches of the progress of music and of the characteristics of musicians, will be read with interest by many. Some conversations with Mendelssohn appear to be faithfully reported, and bring out some of his traits in a very amusing manner. [App. p.705 "date of death, July 27, 1881."]
[ G. ]
LOBGESANG, eine Symphonie-Cantate. A well-known work of Mendelssohn's (op. 52), composed for the Gutenberg festival, and first performed at the church of S. Thomas, Leipzig, in the afternoon of June 25, 1840. The form of the work is no doubt due to Beethoven's 9th Symphony, and in Germany it is taken as the third [App. p.705 "second"] of his published symphonies. It was performed the second time at Birmingham, Sept. 23, 1840 (Mendelssohn conducting); and after this performance was considerably altered throughout—including the addition of the entire scene of the Watchman—and published by Breitkopfs early in 1841. First performances, as published—Leipzig, Dec. 3, 1840; London, Sacred Harmonic Society, March 10, 1843. The selection of the words was doubtless in great measure Mendelssohn's own, though the title 'Symphonie-Cantate' was Klingemann's.[1] The English adaptation was made with his concurrence by Mr. J. A. Novello, to whom more of the English texts of Mendelssohn's works are due than is generally known. The phrase (a favourite one with Mendelssohn) with which the symphony opens, and which forms the coda to the entire work, is the Intonation to the 2nd [App. p.705 "8th"] Tone for the Magnificat. [App. p.705 "Mendelssohn was engaged during 1838 and '39 on a symphony in B♭, which he often mentions in his letters, and at last speaks of as nearly complete. No trace of it has however been found. Is it possible that he can have converted it into the orchestral movements of the Lobgesang, the first of which is also in B♭?"]
[ G. ]
LOBKOWITZ. A noble and distinguished Austrian family, founded early in the 15th century, by Nicholas Chuzy von Ujezd, and deriving its name from a place in Bohemia. The country seat of the family is at Raudnitz, near Theresienstadt, and its town residence is the wellknown palace on the Lobkowitz-Platz, Vienna. Two princes of this race have been closely and honourably connected with music, 1. Ferdinand Philip was born at Prague April 17, 1724. By the death of his father and two elder brothers he became the head of the house before he was 15. Gluck was in his service, and was much aided in his early success by the assistance of the Prince. The two were present together at the coronation of Francis I. (Sept. 28, 1745); after which they went to London in company with the
- ↑ See Mendelssohn's Letter, Nov. 18, 1840.
