which have come down to us are two fragments, 'De fistulis' and De nolis,' printed by Gerbert from a MS. at Vienna;—'De musica mensurabili positio,' of which there are MSS. at Paris and Rome; in this work the author figures as a composer, giving, among many other examples of his own, one in double counterpoint; a treatise, 'De cantu piano,' to which he himself refers in the last-mentioned work; this may be the 'Introductio musice plane et etiam mensurabilis ' in the St. Dié MS.—Philip de Vitry refers to other works by de Garlandia, of whom he writes as 'quondam in studio Parisino expertissimum atque probatissimum.' The 'Optima introductio in contrapunctum pro rudibus,' contained in MSS. at Pisa and Einsiedeln, should perhaps be assigned to a Johannes de Garlandia of a rather later date; or, if the work of the same man, must have been written by him when at an advanced age. The same may be said of the extracts quoted by Handle and Hanboys. Most of the above works are printed by de Coussemaker.
A John de Garlandia is mentioned by Roger Bacon as eminent at Paris apparently shortly before 1267.
[ A. H.-H. ]
GARRETT, Dr. George Mursell, was born at Winchester in June 1834. In 1844 he entered the choir of New College, Oxford, where he studied under Dr. S. Elvey until 1848. He then returned to Winchester and studied for six years with Dr. S. S. Wesley, to whom he acted for some time as assistant. In 1854 he accepted the post of organist at the cathedral of Madras, but returned to England in 1857 on his appointment as organist at St. John's College, Cambridge, in which town he has since resided. Dr. Garrett took the degree of Mus. B. in 1857, and that of Mus. D. in 1867. In May 1875 he succeeded Mr. J. L. Hopkins as organist to the University. In Nov. 1878, by grace of the senate, he received the degree of M.A. propter merita, a distinction which had never been previously conferred on a musician who did not fill a professorial chair. Dr. Garrett is also an examiner for the University, the Local Examinations, and the Irish Intermediate Education Board; an Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, London; and a member of the Philharmonic Society. His compositions include a sacred cantata, 'The Shunammite' (performed by the Cambridge University Musical Society in 1882 and at the Hereford Festival in the same year), church music, songs, part-songs, and a few pieces for the organ; but it is chiefly as a composer of services that he has won a well-deserved reputation. (Died Apr. 9, 1897.)
[ W. B. S. ]
GASPARINI (or GUASPARINI), Francesco. Correct date of birth to March 5, 1668, and add that it took place at Camaiore. Line 7 of article, for 1725 read 1735; and in line 13, for 1727 read 1737. These dates are given by Cerù in his 'Cenni storici dell' insegnamento della musica in Lucca.'
GATES, Bernard. Line 10 of article, for aged 88, read in his 88th year.
GAVINIÈS, Pierre. The correct place and date of birth are probably Bordeaux and May 26, 1726. (Paloschi.) Add that he directed the Concert Spirituel from 1773 to 1777, and insert day of death, Sept. 9.
GAYARRÉ, Julian, born at Pampeluna, first attracted attention at St. Petersburg, Vienna, Rome, where he appeared in Libani's 'Conte Verde,' April 5,1873, and Milan, where he played Enzo on production of Ponchielli's 'Gioconda,' April 8, 1876. In 1877–81 he was engaged at the Royal Italian Opera, where he made his début April 7, 1877, as Gennaro, and proved himself a very serviceable tenor, though he did not fulfil the hopes entertained of him as Mario's successor. He played with success in the 'Huguenots,' 'Prophete,' 'Lohengrin,' 'Tannhäuser,' 'Der Freischütz,' 'Rigoletto,' 'Lucia,' etc. Since then he has sung abroad with great success, notably at Paris 1884–86, both in the Italian and French opera. He re-appeared at Covent Garden in 1886 and again in 1887, in the 'Vie pour le Czar,' July 12. (Died Jan. i, 1890.)
[ A. C. ]
GEBAUER, F. X. Omit the reference to Spirituel Concerte.
GEMINIANI, F. Page 587b, l. 20 from bottom, for in 1761 read on Sept. 24, 1762 ('Gent. Mag.'). P. 588a, line 8, add to title of book, op. 9. Line 3 from end of article, after London add date, 1743.
GERN, August, was foreman to Cavaillé-Col of Paris, and came over to London to erect the organ built by the latter for the Carmelite Church at Kensington. Having set up on his own account in London in 1866, he has built an organ for the French Church near Leicester Square, besides many excellent instruments for churches and private houses.
[ V. de P. ]
GERNSHEIM, Friedrich. Add to list of works a symphony in G minor, and a cantata 'Salamis,' op. 13, which has recently been published by Novello & Co. with English words.
GERSTER, Etelka, born 1856 at Kaschau, Hungary, received instruction in singing from Mme. Marchesi at Vienna, and made her début Jan. 8, 1876, at Venice as Gilda, with great success, and as Ophelia. She played next at Genoa and Marseilles, and in March 1877 at Kroll's Theatre, Berlin, with her sister, Mme. Bertha Gerster-Kauser, at an Italian season there under the direction of Signor Pietro Gardini, to whom she was married in the May following. She made a great success there, and subsequently at Pesth, and at the Silesian Festival at Breslau. On June 23 of the same year she made her début at Her Majesty's as Amina, and became an immediate favourite, remaining there for four seasons until 1880 inclusive. Her parts there included the Queen of Night, Elvira ('Puritani'), Linda, Dinorah, Lucia, Edith ('Talismano'), Margaret, Violetta, and Gilda. A propos of the last, the 'Saturday Review' of June 29, 1878, wrote that she has 'given a fresh proof of her extraordinary vocal
