Page:A Grammar of the Urdū Or Hindūstānī Language in Its Romanized Character.djvu/61

67. honā 'to be' or 'become.' Root, ho.

Verbal Nouns.^[1]

Gerund (or Infinitive), honā 'being' or 'to be.' Agent (present or future), honewālā, honehārā, 'one who is,' or 'who is to become'; honhār 'what may (or will) be.'

Participles.

Simple.^[2]

Past or Perfect, huā 'been' or 'become.'

Past Conjunctive, ho, -ho(symbol characters) e, hoke, hokar 'having been' or 'become.'

Present or Imperfect, hotā 'being.'

Adverbial Past, hūe 'having been.'

Adverbial Present, hote 'being,'

Compound.

Present Continuative,^[3] hotā huā 'while being.'

Adverbial Progressive, hote hote 'whilst being.'

Adverbial Emphatic or Intensive, hote-hī 'on being,' 'at the instant of being or becoming.'

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1. There seems to be no Verbal Noun, in use, synonymous with the Root of honā. The nearest to it is the word bhav ((Indic characters)) 'being' or 'the world,' a derivative, like honā, from the Sanskrit bhavana ({indic missing}}) 'to be.' bhavan is also used for 'a house' or 'temple.'
2. The word hūā, is a mere euphonic spelling and pronunciation of the Urdu ھوا‎, which might as well be transliterated ho(symbol characters)ā, and so better show its conformity with the Rule for the formation of the Perfect Participle, viz. by adding the vowel a to the root of the Verb.
3. Hana cannot well have a Past-Perfect (or a Passive) Compound Participle, e.g. huā huā.