[here WH mrg. take ὁ ἀγ. absol., connecting it with what follows]; xii. 18; xvii. 5; Mk. i. 11; ix. 7; Lk. iii. 22; ix. 35 (where L mrg. T Tr WH ὁ ἐκλελεγμένος); 2 Pet. i. 17, cf. Mk. xii. 6; Lk. xx. 13; [cf. Ascensio Isa. (ed. Dillmann) vii. 23 sq.; viii. 18, 25, etc.]. ἀγαπητοὶ Θεοῦ [W. 194 (182 sq.); B. 190 (165)] is applied to Christians as being reconciled to God and judged by him to be worthy of eternal life: Ro. i. 7, cf. xi. 28; 1 Th. i. 4; Col. iii. 12, (Sept., Ps. lix. (lx.) 7; cvii. (cviii.) 7; cxxvi. (cxxvii.) 2, ἀγαπητοί σου and αὐτοῦ, of pious Israelites). But Christians, bound together by mutual love, are ἀγαπητοί also to one another (Philem. 16; 1 Tim. vi. 2); hence they are dignified with this epithet very often in tender address, both indirect (Ro. xvi. 5, 8; Col. iv. 14; Eph. vi. 21, etc.) and direct (Ro. xii. 19; 1 Co. iv. 14; [Philem. 2 Rec.]; Heb. vi. 9; Jas. i. 16; 1 Pet. ii. 11; 2 Pet. iii. 1; [1 Jn. ii. 7 G L T Tr WH)], etc.). Generally foll. by the gen.; once by the dat. ἀγαπ. ἡμῖν, 1 Th. ii. 8 [yet cf. W. § 31, 2; B. 190 (165)]. ἀγαπητὸς ἐν κυρίῳ beloved in the fellowship of Christ, equiv. to dear fellow-Christian, Ro. xvi. 8. [Not used in the Fourth Gospel or the Rev. In class. Grk. fr. Hom. Il. 6, 401 on; cf. Cope on Aristot. rhet. 1, 7, 41.]
Ἄγαρ [WH Ἅγ. (see their Intr. § 408)], ἡ, indecl., (in Joseph. Ἀγάρα, -ης),הָגָר (flight), Hagar, a bond-maid of Abraham, and by him the mother of Ishmael (Gen. xvi): Gal. iv. 24, [25 L txt. T om. Tr br.]. Since the Arabians according to Paul (who had formerly dwelt among them, Gal. i. 17) called the rocky Mt. Sinai by a name similar in sound to הגר (حجر i. e. rock), the apostle in the passage referred to employs the name Hagar allegorically to denote the servile sense of fear with which the Mosaic economy imbued its subjects. [Cf. B. D. Am. ed. pp. 978, 2366 notea; Bp. Lghtft.’s remarks appended to his Com. on Gal. l. c.]*
ἀγγαρεύω; fut. ἀγγαρεύσω; 1 aor. ἠγγάρευσα; to employ a courier, despatch a mounted messenger. A word of Persian origin [used by Menander, Sicyon. 4], but adopted also into Lat. (Vulg. angariare). Ἄγγαροι were public couriers (tabellarii), stationed by appointment of the king of Persia at fixed localities, with horses ready for use, in order to transmit royal messages from one to another and so convey them the more speedily to their destination. See Hdt. 8, 98 [and Rawlinson’s note]; Xen. Cyr. 8, 6, 17 (9); cf. Gesenius, Thesaur. s. v. אִגֶרֶת; [B. D. s. v. Angareuo; Vaniček, Fremdwörter s. v. ἄγγαρος]. These couriers had authority to press into their service, in case of need, horses, vessels, even men they met, [cf. Joseph. antt. 13, 2, 3]. Hence ἀγγαρεύειν τινά denotes to compel one to go a journey, to bear a burden, or to perform any other service: Mt. v. 41 (ὅστις σε ἀγγαρεύσει μίλιον ἕν i. e. whoever shall compel thee to go one mile); xxvii. 32 (ἠγγάρευσαν ἵνα ἄρῃ i. e. they forced him to carry), so Mk. xv. 21.*
ἀγγεῖον, -ου, τό, (i. q. τὸ ἄγγος), a vessel, receptacle: Mt. xiii. 48 [R G L]; xxv. 4. (From Hdt. down.)*
ἀγγελία, -ας, ἡ, (ἄγγελος), a message, announcement, thing announced; precept declared, 1 Jn. i. 5 (where Rec. has ἐπαγγελία) [cf. Is. xxviii. 9]; iii. 11. [From Hom. down.]*
ἀγγέλλω; [1 aor. ἤγγειλα, Jn. iv. 51 T (for ἀπήγγ. R G L Tr br.)]; (ἄγγελος); to announce: ἀγγέλλουσα, Jn. xx. 18 L T Tr WH, for R G ἀπαγγέλλ. [From Hom. down. Comp.: ἀν-, ἀπ-, δι-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-, προ-επ-, κατ-, προ-κατ-, παρ-αγγέλλω.]*
ἄγγελος, -ου, ὁ, 1. a messenger, envoy, one who is sent: Mt. xi. 10; Lk. vii. 24, 27; ix. 52; Mk. i. 2; Jas. ii. 25. [Fr. Hom. down.] 2. In the Scriptures, both of the Old Test. and of the New, one of that host of heavenly spirits that, according alike to Jewish and Christian opinion, wait upon the monarch of the universe, and are sent by him to earth, now to execute his purposes (Mt. iv. 6, 11; xxviii. 2; Mk. i. 13; Lk. xvi. 22; xxii. 43 [L br. WH reject the pass.]; Acts vii. 35; xii. 23; Gal. iii. 19, cf. Heb. i. 14), now to make them known to men (Lk. i. 11, 26, ii. 9 sqq.; Acts x. 3; xxvii. 23; Mt. i. 20; ii. 13; xxviii. 5; Jn. xx. 12 sq.); hence the frequent expressions ἄγγελος (angel, messenger of God, מַלְאָךְ) and ἄγγελοι κυρίου or ἄγγ. τοῦ θεοῦ. They are subject not only to God but also to Christ (Heb. i. 4 sqq.; 1 Pet. iii. 22, cf. Eph. i. 21; Gal. iv. 14), who is described as hereafter to return to judgment surrounded by a multitude of them as servants and attendants: Mt. xiii. 41, 49; xvi. 27; xxiv. 31; xxv. 31; 2 Th. i. 7, cf. Jude 14. Single angels have the charge of separate elements; as fire, Rev. xiv. 18; waters, Rev. xvi. 5, cf. vii. 1 sq.; Jn. ν. 4 [R L]. Respecting the ἄγγελος τῆς ἀβύσσου, Rev. ix. 11, see Ἀβαδδών, 3. Guardian angels of individuals are mentioned in Mt. xviii. 10; Acts xii.15. ‘The angels of the churches’ in Rev. i. 20; ii. 1, 8, 12, 18; iii. 1, 7, 14 are not their presbyters or bishops, but heavenly spirits who exercise such a superintendence and guardianship over them that whatever in their assemblies is worthy of praise or of censure is counted to the praise or the blame of their angels also, as though the latter infused their spirit into the assemblies; cf. De Wette, Düsterdieck, [Alford,] on Rev. i. 20, and Lücke, Einl. in d. Offenb. d. Johan. ii. p. 429 sq. ed. 2; [Bp. Lghtft. on Philip. p. 199 sq.]. διὰ τοὺς ἀγγέλους that she may show reverence for the angels, invisibly present in the religious assemblies of Christians, and not displease them, 1 Co. xi. 10. ὥφθη ἀγγέλοις in 1 Tim. iii. 16 is probably to be explained neither of angels to whom Christ exhibited himself in heaven, nor of demons triumphed over by him in the nether world, but of the apostles, his messengers, to whom he appeared after his resurrection. This appellation, which is certainly extraordinary, is easily understood from the nature of the hymn from which the passage ἐφανερώθη . . . ἐν δόξῃ seems to have been taken; cf. W. 639 sq. (594), [for other interpretations see Ellic. ad loc.]. In Jn. i. 51 (52) angels are employed, by a beautiful image borrowed from Gen. xxviii. 12, to represent the divine power that will aid Jesus in the discharge
