The Tomb under the Ancient Empire. 185 well is the first difficulty, and when it is found, many hands and no little time are required to remove the rubbish with which it is filled. The only mechanical helps which the Egyptians have ever used in such work are those which we ourselves have seen in the hands of Mariette's labourers, namely, the wooden shovel and the little rush basket which is filled with a few handfuls of sand and pebbles, and then carried on the head to be emptied at a convenient distance. It may be guessed how many journeys to and fro have to be made before a few cubic yards of ddbris are cleared by such means as this ! We have so far followed Mariette, and have frequently had to make use of his ipsissima verba. To his pages and to the plates Fig, 125. — Bas-relief from Sakkarah. BouLik. of the great work of Lepsius, we must refer those readers who are not contented with beinof told greneral rules but wish to know the exceptions also. We shall not go into all the changes which variety of taste and the progress of art introduced into the arrangement and decoration of Egyptian buildings ; they do not affect the general statements which we have made. We shall not re-state the evidence which enabled Mariette to apportion the 142 painted and sculptured mastabas explored by him in 1869, section of Fig. 98). In certain Theban tombs, models of fully rigged boats have been found ; there are some of them in the Louvre (Sa/k Civile, case K). [There are two in the British Museum, and one, a very fine one, in the museum at Liverpool. — Ed.] VOL. T. B B
