commencement was made by the simultaneous establishment at several different points of small independent states, each of which had its own laws and its own form of worship. These districts remained almost unchanged in number and in their respective boundaries almost up to the end of the ancient world. Their union under one sceptre formed the kingdom of the Pharaohs,
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Fig. 8.—Hunting in the Marshes; from a bas-relief in the tomb of Ti.
the country of Khemi, but their primitive divisions did not therefore disappear; the small independent states became provinces and were the foundation of those local administrative districts which the Greeks called nomes.
Besides this division into districts, the Egyptians had one other, and only one—the division into Lower Egypt, or the
