178 A History of Art in Ancient Egypt. For the building and keeping in repair of the sumptuous monuments then erected a great system of administration must have been devised, and Thebes, like modern London, must have had its " district-surveyors." ^ So far as we can tell there was a chief architect, or superintendent general of buildings, for the whole kingdom ; his title was Overseer of the buildings of Upper and Lower Egypt? For how many scribes and draughtsmen must the offices of Bakenkhonsou or of Semnat, the favourite architect of the great regent Hatasu, have found employment ?^ Who would not like to know the course of study by which the ancient Egyptian builders prepared themselves for the great public enterprises which were always going on in their country ? We may admit that the methods employed by their engineers were much more primitive than it has been the fashion to suppose, we may prove that their structures were far from possessing the accuracy of plan that distinguishes ours, but yet we cannot deny that those who transported and raised the obelisks and colossal statues, and those who constructed the hypostyle hall of Karnak, or even the pyramids of Gizeh, must have learnt their trade. How and where they learnt it we do not know^ It is probable that they learnt it by practice under a master. Theory cannot have held any great part in their teaching. Their system must have been composed of a collection of processes and receipts which grew in number as the centuries passed away. There is nothing in the texts to show that these receipts were the property of any close corporation, but heredity is sure to have played an important part and to have made them, to some extent, the property of a class. Architects were generally the sons of architects. Brugsch has given us one genealogical table in which the profession descended from father to son for twenty-two generations. By help of the inscriptions he traced the family in question from the ^ We have here ventured to take a slight liberty with M. Perrot's local tints. — Ed. Paul Pierret {Stele de Siiti et de Har, architedes de Thebes in the Recueil de Travaux, vol. i. p. 70), says, " This is said by him who has charge of the works of Amen in Southern Ap." Suti-Har says in his turn : "I have the direction of tlie west, he of the east. We are the directors of the great monuments in Ap, in the centre of Thebes, the city of Amen." - Pierret, Dictiontiaire d' ArcJicologie Egyptienne, p. 59. 2 See Brugsch, History of Egypt, ist edition, vol. i. p. 302.
